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    Inequalities exercises

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    9 views4 pages

    Inequalities Exercises

    Uploaded by

    Camilo Ernesto Cienfuegos
    ejercicios resueltos

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Ma 42 13 1a 4s 16 47 18 CHAPTER 1 Inequalities Solve 3+2x<7. I 2x<4 [Subtract 3 from both sides, This is equivalent to adding ~3 to both sides.] Answer <2. [Divide both sides by 2. This is equivalent to multiplying by 4.] In interval notation, the solution is the set (—2, 2). Solve $—3r<5r+2. B s-a0<5n42, S<8x+2 [Add 3x to both sides, 38x [Subtract 2 from both sides.) ‘Answer }-x2=-1 [Divide by ~2. Since ~2 is negative, we must reverse the inequalities.) In interval notation, the solution is the set (1,4) Solve Ss }x+1=6, Fo Sekx+is6, 424225 [Subtract 1} Answer 122x215 [Mulply by 3.) In interval notation, the solution ithe set (12,19) Solve 2ix <3. 1 xmay be positive or negative. Case1. x>0. 2/x<3, 2<3x [Multiply by x], 3x [Multiply by x. Reverse the inequaliy,}, 3 >x (Divide by 3] Notice that this condition }>.x is satisfied whenever x<0. Hence, in the case where x<0, the inequality is satisfied by all such x. Answer {0 [This is equivalent to x>3.] Multiplying the given inequality (1) by the positive quantity ‘x3 preserves the inequality: x+4<2x—6, 43, the given inequality holds when and only when x>10. Case 2. x-3<0 [This is equivalent to x-<3}, Multiplying the given inequality (I) by the negative quantity x~3_ reverses the inequality: x+4>2x~6, 4>2-6 [Subtact x], 10>x [Add 6] Thus, when x<3, the inequality 1 2 1 1.10 Lae 0 CHAPTER 1 (1) holds when and only when x<10, But x<3 implies x<10, and, therefore, the inequality (1) holds forall x<3 ‘Answer x>10 or x<3. As shown in Fig. 1-2, the solution is the union of the intervals (10,2) and (=,3). ——— ———_ — o 3 10 Fig. 1-2 Solve «1 a F Case 1. x+5>0 [This is equivalent to. x>~S.]. We multiply the inequality (I) by x45, x< x45, 0<5 [Subtract x.] This is always true. So, (I) holds throughout this case, that is, whenever x>nS. Case2, x+5<0 [Thisisequivalentto x<~5,]. We multiply the inequality (1)by x+5. The inequality is reversed, since we are multiplying by a negative number. x>x+5, O>$ [Subtract x.] But 0>5 is false. Hence, the inequality (1) does not hold at al in this case. Answer x>~5. In interval notation, the solution is the set (~5,=). Solve >2 a a3 4B Case 1. +350. [This is equivalent to x>~3). Multiply che inequality (1) by x43. x-7> 2x6, -7>446 [Subtact x], —I3>x [Subtract 6] But x<—13 is always fale when x>—3. Hence, this case yields no solutions. Case 2. x+3<0 (This is equivalent to. <3. Multiply the inequality (1) by ‘x+3. Since x+3_is negative, the inequality is reversed. x-7<2x 16, ~7<4 +6 [Subtract x] —19-B. Answer —130 [This is equivalent to x>§,]. 2x—-3=9x-15 [Multiply by 3x~5.], -3= ‘Tx=15 [Subtract 2x.J. 1227x [Add 15], 72x [Divide by 7.] So, when x>4, the solutions must satisly x= 9. Case 2, 3r-5<0 [This is equivalent to x<§.J. 2x~3<9x~15 [Multiply by 3x~5. Reverse the inequality.|, —357x—15 [Subtract 2x], 12=7x [Add 15.], ¥=x [Divide by 7] Thus, when x<, the solutions must satisfy x=. This is impossible. Hence, this case yields no solutions. Answer 0. Then x>2 and x>—3. But these are equivalent to x>2 alone, since x>2_ im- plies x>-3. Case 2 x-2<0 and x+3<0. Then x<2 and x<~3, which are equivalent to x<-3, since x<—3 implies <2, Answer x>2 or x<—3. In interval notation, this is the union of (2, ®) and (~ 3). Solve Problem 1.12 by considering the sign of the function f(x) = (x ~2)(x +3). F RefertoFig. 13. Tothelettof x=~3, both x-2 and x+3_ arenegative and f(<)is postive. As one passes through x= 3, the factor x—3. changes sign and, therefore, f(s) becomes negative, fle) remains negative until we pass through x=2, where the factor x-2_ changes sign and flx) becomes and then remains postive, ‘Thus, /() is positive for “x=—3. and for x>2.- Answer 1a Las 116 19 INEQUALITIES 0 3 Solve (x - I(x +4) <0. I The key points of the function g(x) =(r~I)(x+4) are x=—4 and x=1 (ee Fig, 14). To the ieftof x=4,, both x—1 and “x-+4_ ave negative and, therefore, g(x) i postive. AS we passthrough aod. ed) changes sign and g() becomes negative When we pass throvgh r= 1, 1. changes sign and g(x) becomes and then remains positive. Thus, (x~1)(r'+4)" is negative for —40. B Factor: x°—6x+5 = (x~1)e~5). Let h(a) =(x~1)(e~5). To the left of x=1 Gee Fig. 1-5), both x~1 and x~5 are negative and, therefore, h(x) is positive. When we pass through x=1, x-1 changes sign and f(x) becomes negative. When we move further to the right and pass through _x=S, x-S changes sign and h(x) becomes positive again. Thus, h(x) is positive for x<1 and for x >S. Answer x>5 or x<1. Thisis the union of the intervals (3, =) and (~%, 1). Solve 2+ 74-80. B Factor; x +7x—8=(e+8)(e-1), and refer to Fig, 1-6. For x<-8, both x+8 and x~1 are negative and, therefore, F(x) =(x+8)(r~1)_ is positive. When we pass through x=~8, x +8 changes sign and, therefore, so does F(x). But when we later pass through x= 1, x~1 changes sign and Gx) changes back to being postive. Thus, F(x) is negative for -80, IH Factor: 5x —2x" = x(5—28), and refer to Fig. 1-7. The key points for the function G(x) = x(5—28) are x=0 and x=4. For ¥<0, 5—2x is positive and, therefore, G(x) is negative. As we pass through x=0, x changes sign and, therefore, G(s) becomes positive. When we pass through x 5—2x changes sign and, therefore, Gl) changes back to being negative, Thus, O(a) is pusitive when a when O0, T The key points for H(x)=x(x—1)(x+1) are x=0, x=1, and x=—1 (Gee Fig. 1-8). For x to the left of 1, x, ¥—I, and x41 all are negative and, therefore, H(x) is negative, As we past through x=—1, x1 changes sign and, therefore, so does F(x). When we later passthrough = 0, x changes sign and, therefore, H(x) becomes negative again. Finally, when we past through =I, x—1 changes sign and H(x) becomes and remains positive. Therefore, H(x) is positive when and only when =1x% 1 sox ic equivalent to Fo ec0, x(v-1)<0, Oe re Solve x? >a", Fo P>x° isequivatent io P-x7<0, -1)<0, r4, the product is positive. Figure 1-10 shows how the sign changes as one passes through the points 4.3.2.1. "Hence, the inequality holds when 1

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