Performance Measurement &

Monitoring

Safety And Health Officer Certificate

Course

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Learning Objectives

 To state the importance of performance

measurement and monitoring

 To describe 2 ways of measuring

performance

 To calculate incident rate, frequency rate,

severity rate and fatality rate

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Scope
 Importance of performance monitoring and
measurements

 Traditional indicators

 Performance measures

 Analysing and presenting data

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What is an Incident?

 Incident is:
◦ an unexpected
◦ unplanned event in a sequence of events
◦ that occurs through a combination of causes
◦ which result in:
 physical harm (injury, ill-health or disease) to an individual
 damage to property
 a near-miss, a loss
 any combination of these effects

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Why Bother With Performance
Monitoring And Measurement?

 Performance monitoring and measurement

is like driving at night
◦ No headlights than you know you’re moving but
do know what you will crash into
◦ No map you might see your way but not know
where you are going to
 Required by regulation:
◦ Safety and Health Officer Regulations 1997,
USECHH Regulations 2000, etc.

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What Performance Monitoring
Can Do
 Developing strategies in preventing incidents
 Recorded details provide a broad picture of
events
 The database can be analysed for info on:
◦ the most common types of incidents and the
factors that caused it
◦ the trend in safety performance
◦ benchmarking performance against other
workplaces

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What You Need To Do
 Monitor:
◦ if organisation’s objectives are met
◦ compliance with OSH programme and regulatory
requirements
◦ incidents, ill health, near-misses
◦ environment (noise, fumes, etc.)
◦ medical / Biological (Lead, etc.)
 Determine how to reliably measure these
 Responsibility and authority for
monitoring
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Ways Of Measuring Performance
 Proactive (use measure for prevention) -
 Compliance (towards legal requirement --
Regulations, Codes of practice, Guidelines)
 Activity (training, safety meeting, inspection)
 Reactive (use measure for correction) -
 Near misses, injury, plant damage, etc.
 Qualitative & quantitative analysis e.g. fatality rates,
incidence rates

Note: It is better to prevent than to cure

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Disadvantages Of Reactive Measures

 Traditional performance measures have been

reactive measures
 They measure failure to prevent incidents
rather than “safeness”
 Useful for measuring deficiencies and
deviations
 These measures are very dependent upon
good reporting (e.g. near misses)

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Reactive (Traditional) Performance
Measures

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Traditional Performance
Measures
Number of accidents
◦ Stated as Lost Time Injury (LTI) for workers
away from work for I day or more (used by
SOCSO)

◦ A better measure is to include near misses:

 No. of Accident+No. Of (incidents or near misses)

 Difference between an accident and an incident is quite
often “luck”
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Traditional Performance
Measurement
Incident Rate:
◦ Workplace with less LTI does not mean it is safer
than the one with a higher number if it has less
workers
◦ The number of undesired events for each one
thousand persons' working at that location
eliminates this problem
number of incidents
Incidence Rate 1000
annual average employment
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Traditional Performance
Measurement
Frequency Rate:
◦ The incident rate measure is a good measure for
comparisons between two locations
◦ However this is less accurate if the number of
hours worked by each person is different
◦ The frequency rate is a better comparison
especially between similar work locations
Frequency Rate = Number of Incidents x 1000000
Total Hours Worked

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Traditional Performance
Measurement
Severity Rate:
◦ The Incident Rate and Frequency Rate do not
indicate how severe the incidents are
◦ If the number of days lost are taken into account as
a measure of severity than the severity rate will
show the seriousness of the incidents in the
workplace

Severity Rate = Total Workdays Lost x 1000000

Total Hours Worked
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Traditional Performance
Measurement
 Fatality Rate:
◦ The fatality rate will show how many deaths on
the average are killed among the people employed
in the workplace

Fatality Rate = Number of Fatalities x 1000000

Annual Average Employment

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What Is Proactive Measurement

 This measurement is concerned with the

quantity and quality of activity in ensuring
safety

 Performance measurement will provide

feedback on how well occupational safety
and health is being managed

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Proactive Performance Measures
 Percent of compliance to legislation

 Percentage of training completed

 Frequency of "walk through" and

“checklist inspections” carried out

 Number of corrective actions

completed on time NOSH GLOBAL SDN BHD 17
Proactive Performance Measures

 Availability of competent persons

 Frequency of emergency drills and

exercise carried out

 Speed of emergency response

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Presenting The Information
 The purpose of comparing and analysing
performance measures are to show
performance trend and to compare with
benchmarks
 Carry out analysis at plant level,
department level and at company level
 SOCSO does this at the national level
 Present for easy understanding, use graphics

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Analysing And Presenting
Information
 Combination of measures present a better
picture
 Much information are best understood in
graphical form. Use:
◦ Pareto chart
◦ Bar Chart
◦ Histogram
◦ Gantt Chart
◦ Pie Charts
◦ Line Chart NOSH GLOBAL SDN BHD 20
Summary
 Performance measuring and monitoring is
an important aspect of management.

 Provides feedback for corrective action

and improvements.

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Summary
 There are two types of performance
measures:
◦ Proactive measures indicate the quality and
quantity of activities to ensure a safe workplace

◦ Reactive measures are useful for measuring

deficiencies and the proactive measures

 Analyse information and present them for

good understanding.
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