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E-Cld-3031 - Astm C-127
E-Cld-3031 - Astm C-127
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
C09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates. the ASTM website.
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Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C127–07. DOI: Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
10.1520/C0127-12. http://www.transportation.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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of the density (OD) of the aggregate to the density of distilled had conditioning other than the 24-h soak, such as boiling
water at a stated temperature. water or vacuum saturation. The values obtained for absorption
3.1.5.2 relative density (specific gravity) (SSD), n—the ratio by other test methods will be different than the values obtained
of the density (SSD) of the aggregate to the density of distilled by the prescribed soaking, as will the relative density (specific
water at a stated temperature. gravity) (SSD).
3.1.5.3 apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity),
n—the ratio of the apparent density of aggregate to the density 6. Apparatus
of distilled water at a stated temperature.
3.1.6 For definitions of other terms related to aggregates, 6.1 Balance—A device for determining mass that is sensi-
see Terminology C125. tive, readable, and accurate to 0.05 % of the sample mass at
any point within the range used for this test, or 0.5 g,
4. Summary of Test Method whichever is greater. The balance shall be equipped with
4.1 A sample of aggregate is immersed in water for 24 6 4 suitable apparatus for suspending the sample container in water
h to essentially fill the pores. It is then removed from the water, from the center of the platform or pan of the balance.
the water dried from the surface of the particles, and the mass 6.2 Sample Container—A wire basket of 3.35 mm (No. 6)
determined. Subsequently, the volume of the sample is deter- or finer mesh, or a bucket of approximately equal breadth and
mined by the displacement of water method. Finally, the height, with a capacity of 4 to 7 L for 37.5-mm (11⁄2-in.)
sample is oven-dried and the mass determined. Using the mass nominal maximum size aggregate or smaller, and a larger
values thus obtained and formulas in this test method, it is container as needed for testing larger maximum size aggregate.
possible to calculate density, relative density (specific gravity), The container shall be constructed so as to prevent trapping air
and absorption. when the container is submerged.
6.3 Water Tank—A watertight tank into which the sample
5. Significance and Use container is placed while suspended below the balance.
5.1 Relative density (specific gravity) is the characteristic 6.4 Sieves—A 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve or other sizes as
generally used for calculation of the volume occupied by the needed (see 7.2-7.4), conforming to Specification E11.
aggregate in various mixtures containing aggregate, including 6.5 Oven—An oven of sufficient size, capable of maintain-
portland cement concrete, bituminous concrete, and other ing a uniform temperature of 110 6 5 °C (230 6 9 °F).
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quantity of material finer than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve (or the mass.
2.36-mm (No. 8) sieve when that sieve is used in accordance
with 7.2). 9. Calculations
NOTE 2—When testing coarse aggregate of large nominal maximum 9.1 Relative Density (Specific Gravity):
size requiring large test samples, it may be more convenient to perform the 9.1.1 Relative Density (Specific Gravity) (OD)—Calculate
test on two or more subsamples, and the values obtained combined for the the relative density (specific gravity) on the basis of oven-dry
computations described in Section 9. aggregate as follows:
8. Procedure Relative density ~specific gravity! ~OD! 5 A/~B 2 C! (1)
8.1 Dry the test sample in the oven to constant mass at a where:
temperature of 110 6 5 °C, cool in air at room temperature for A = mass of oven-dry test sample in air, g,
1 to 3 h for test samples of 37.5-mm (11⁄2-in.) nominal B = mass of saturated-surface-dry test sample in air, g, and
maximum size, or longer for larger sizes until the aggregate has C = apparent mass of saturated test sample in water, g.
cooled to a temperature that is comfortable to handle (approxi- 9.1.2 Relative Density (Specific Gravity) (SSD)—Calculate
mately 50 °C). Subsequently immerse the aggregate in water at the relative density (specific gravity) on the basis of saturated-
room temperature for a period of 24 6 4 h. When Specification surface-dry aggregate as follows:
C330 or Specification C332 Group II lightweight aggregates Relative density ~specific gravity! ~SSD! 5 B/~B 2 C! (2)
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
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(specific gravity) (G1) is therefore M1/V1. Solid 2 has a mass An example of the computation is given in Table X1.1.
M2 and volume V2, and G2 = M2/V2. If the two solids are
considered together, the relative density (specific gravity) of TABLE X1.1 Example of Calculation of Weighted Values of
the combination is the total mass in grams divided by the total Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption for a Coarse
volume in millilitres: Aggregate Tested in Separate Sizes
Relative
G 5 ~ M1 1 M 2 ! / ~ V 1 1 V 2 ! (X1.1) % in Density
Size Sample Mass Absorption,
Original (Specific
Manipulation of this equation yields the following: Fraction, mm (in.)
Sample
Used in Test, g
Gravity)
%
1 1 (SSD)
G5 V 1V 5 V1 V2 (X1.2)
1 2 4.75 to 12.5 44 2213.0 2.72 0.4
M1 1 M 2 M 1 1 M 2 1 M1 1 M 2 (No. 4 to 1⁄2)
12.5 to 37.5 35 5462.5 2.56 2.5
(1⁄2 to 11⁄2)
1 37.5 to 63 21 12593.0 2.54 3.0
G5 (X1.3)
M1 V1
M1 1 M 2 M1 S D M2
1M 1M M
1 2
S D
V2
2
(11⁄2 to 21⁄2)
X2. INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RELATIVE DENSITIES (SPECIFIC GRAVITIES) AND ABSORPTION AS DEFINED
IN TEST METHODS C127 AND C128
X2.1 Where: 1 Sd
Sa 5 1 A 5 AS d (X2.2)
Sd 2 100 1 2 100
Sd = relative density (specific gravity) (OD), 1 Ss
Ss = relative density (specific gravity) (SSD), Sa 5 1 1 A/100 A 5 (X2.3)
Sa = apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity),
and
Ss 2 100
A
1 2 100 ~Ss 2 1! F G
A = absorption in %. Ss
S
A 5 S 2 1 100
d
D (X2.4)
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