Essentials of Human Behavior Integrating Person Environment and The Life Course 2nd Edition Hutchison Test Bank 1

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Hutchinson, Essentials of Human Behavior, 2e

SAGE Publishing, 2017
Essentials of Human Behavior

Integrating Person Environment and
the Life Course 2nd Edition
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environment-and-the-life-course-2nd-edition-by-elizabeth-d-
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Chapter 9: Small Groups, Formal Organizations, and Communities
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. ______ refer to specific social positions.

a. Social structures
b. Social organizations
c. Social institutions
d. Social statuses
Ans: D
Learning Objective: LO 9.2
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Patterns in Social Life
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. ______ are patterned ways of solving the problems and meeting the requirements of a particular
society.
a. Social structures
b. Social organizations
c. Social institutions
d. Social statuses
Ans: C
3. ______ involve rules, monitoring, and enforcement through rewards and punishments.
a. Regulatory processes
b. Normative processes
c. Cultural cognitive processes
d. Idiosyncratic processes
Ans: A
Instructor Resource

4. ______ involve values and norms about how things are done.
Ans: B
5. ______ involve beliefs about the world and how things should be done.
Ans: C
6. The ______ institution regulates production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
a. economic
b. health care
c. mass media
d. social welfare
Ans: A
7. The ______ institution manages the flow of information, images, and ideas.
a. economic
b. health care
c. mass media
d. social welfare
Ans: C
8. The ______ institution promotes wellness.

a. economic
b. health care
c. mass media
d. social welfare
Ans: B
Instructor Resource

9. The ______ institution is designed to enhance the functioning of individuals.

a. economic
b. health care
c. mass media
d. social welfare
Ans: D
10. ______ refers to interrelated social institutions developed by human beings to support and constrain
human interaction for the purpose of the survival and well-being of the collectivity.
a. Social structure
b. Social organization
c. Social institution
d. Social status
Ans: A
11. Which of the following issues are important considerations when interpreting political trends?
a. voter turnout
b. campaign finances
c. divided electorate
d. all of the above
Ans: D
Answer Location: Contemporary Trends in Global and U.S. Institutions
12. Which of the following economic trends are associated with globalization?
a. regional disparities
b. labor force bifurcation
c. outsourcing
d. all of the above
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. Which of the following issues are important considerations when interpreting recent social welfare
trends?
a. decline in GDP
b. increase in social welfare programs
c. encouraged austerity
d. all of the above
Ans: D
Instructor Resource

14. People who identify as ______ believe there are multiple gods.
a. monotheistic
b. bitheistic
c. polytheistic
d. heretics
Ans: C
15. In the ______, equality is the natural, divine order; inequality is based on abuse of privilege and
should be minimized.
a. liberal thesis
b. conservative thesis
c. radical antithesis
d. none of the above
Ans: C
Answer Location: Theories of Social Inequity
16. ______ emphasizes the capacity of humans to create their own realities and gives central roles to
human actors, not social structures.
a. Human agency
b. Structural determinism
c. Structuration
d. None of the above
Ans: A
Answer Location: Theories of Social Inequity
17. Which of the following distinguish social movements from other social collectivities?
a. conflictual relationships with identified opponents
b. dense informal networks
c. shared identity
d. all of the above
Ans: D
Answer Location: Social Movements
18. ______ social movements seek to reform existing social arrangements and try out new ways of living
together.
a. Reactive
b. Proactive
c. Interactive
Instructor Resource
Ans: B
19. Some ______ perspectives argue that the social movement literature does not capture the emotions
of the movements’ participants.
a. political opportunities
b. mobilizing structures
c. cultural framing
d. emerging
Ans: D
Answer Location: Perspectives on Social Movements
20. Some ______ perspectives argue that the social movement literature does not consider the
fundamental differences in the ways members participate.
c. cultural framing
d. emerging
Ans: D
21. Some ______ perspectives argue that participation in social movements is superficial and fails to
build social capital.
c. cultural framing
d. emerging
Ans: D
22. The ______ perspective argues that participation in social movements can only succeed when
participants share a common understanding of the situation.
c. cultural framing
d. emerging
Ans: C
23. The ______ perspective argues social movement leaders must partner with formal and informal
resources to build success.
Instructor Resource
c. cultural framing
d. emerging
Ans: B
24. According to the ______ perspective, social movements can take advantage of weaknesses within
power structures.
c. cultural framing
d. emerging
Ans: A
Difficulty Level: Hard
25. According to the political opportunities perspective, social movements should respond to ______.
a. the openness of the political system
b. the availability of elite allies
c. divisive political alignments
d. all of the above
Ans: A
26. ______ refers to opportunities for participants in social movements to use powerful humans to assist
them.
a. The openness of the political system
b. The availability of elite allies
c. Divisive political alignments
d. All of the above
Ans: B
27. ______ focuses on the organization and coordination of social movement activities through formal
organizations.
a. Transnational movement theory
b. Professional movement theory
c. Resource mobilization theory
Ans: C
Instructor Resource
28. The BUILD coalition choice to call their cause a “living wage” rather than a “minimum wage” is an
example of ______.
c. cultural framing
d. emerging
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Application
29. The use of a rainbow flag by the LGBT movement is an example of ______.
c. cultural framing
d. emerging
Ans: C
30. Saul is in an activism group for gay men at his university. However, since marriage equity became law
in the United States, he is having a difficult time recruiting support. This is an example of ______.
a. the life course of social movements
b. political supremacy
c. structural mobility
d. all of the above
Ans: A
31. The use of technology has influenced social movements, with recent research finding that ______ is
having the largest impact.
a. cable news
b. YouTube
c. Facebook
d. Twitter
Ans: B
32. The activism in Xiamen China is an example of the good use of ______.
a. formal structural modeling
b. cultural symbols
c. information and communication technology
Ans: C
Instructor Resource

33. Global social movements are being supported by growing numbers of ______.
a. transnational social movement organizations
b. international social movement organizations
c. national social movement organizations
Ans: A
34. ______ focuses on everyday ties between people.

a. The network model
b. The research model
c. The social action model
d. The diversity model
Ans: A
35. Ellen is organizing a response to increased violence against women in her community and gathers
people from her neighborhood and church to help. This is an example of ______.
a. the network model
b. the research model
c. the social action model
d. the diversity model
Ans: A
True/False
1. The United States has the highest level of inequality of all of the wealthy industrialized nations.
Ans: T
2. Poverty is the sole measure of social inequality.

Ans: F
3. Blacks and Hispanics are more than 2.5 times as likely as Whites to be poor.
Ans: T
Instructor Resource

4. There is a very substantial gap between the educational achievement of the White and Black
populations in the United States.
Ans: T
5. Race to the Top was based on the belief that testing and school accountability would lead to significant
improvement in student performance and narrow the achievement gap.
Ans: F
6. There is little disparity in the global health care institution, both between and within countries.
Ans: F
7. People who identify as monotheistic believe there are multiple gods.

Ans: F
8. In recent years, there is considerable concern about how the media abuses citizen privacy.
Ans: T
9. Reactive social movements seek to reform existing social arrangements and try out new ways of living
together.
Ans: F
10. Social movements are ongoing, large-scale, collective efforts to bring about (or resist) social change.
Ans: T
Instructor Resource
11. Proactive social movements seek to reform existing social arrangements and try out new ways of
living together.
Ans: T
12. The economic empowerment model suggests that institutions are not consistently invulnerable to
challenge by groups with little power.
Ans: F
Answer Location: Perspectives of Social Movements
13. The political opportunities perspective suggests that institutions are not consistently invulnerable to
challenge by groups with little power.
Ans: T
14. The escalated forces model highly regards the right to protest.
Ans: F
15. The escalated forces model puts little value on the right to protest.
Ans: T
16. Counterrmovements and allied movements are synonymous terms.

Ans: F
17. Resource mobilization theory focuses on the organization and coordination of movement activities
through formal organizations.
Ans: T
18. Transnational mobilization theory focuses on the organization and coordination of movement activities
through formal organizations.
Ans: F
Instructor Resource

19. The cultural framing (CF) perspective asserts that a social movement can succeed only when
participants develop shared understandings and definitions of the situation.
Ans: T
20. The political opportunities perspective suggests that a social movement can succeed only when
participants develop shared understandings and definitions of the situation.
Ans: F
Completion
1. The ______ measures the extent to which the distribution of income within a country deviates from a
perfectly equal distribution.
Ans: Gini index
Answer Location: Contemporary Trends in Global and U.S. Social Institutions
2. ______ involve values about how things should be done.

Ans: Normative processes
3. The contemporary global political landscape must be understood in the historical context of ______.
Ans: colonialism
4. The ______ belief that governments should keep their hands off the economic institution took hold,
perhaps nowhere more than in the United States.
Ans: neoliberal
5. ______ was based on the belief that testing and school accountability would lead to significant
improvement in student performance and narrow the achievement gap.
Instructor Resource
Ans: No Child Left Behind

6. ______ believe that the public good is best served when the federal government has a minimal role in
social welfare.
Ans: Conservatives
7. People who identify as ______ believe there are multiple gods.

Ans: polytheistic
8. ______ can be defined as an ongoing process of reflection and knowledge seeking about mechanisms
and outcomes of social, political, and economic oppression that requires taking personal and collective
action toward fairness and social justice.
Ans: Critical consciousness
Answer Location: Theories of Social Inequality
9. ______ argues that a social movement can succeed only when participants develop shared
understandings and definitions of the situation.
Ans: The cultural framing perspective
10. ______ are social movement organizations that operate in more than one nation-state.
Ans: Transnational social movements
11. ______ focuses on the organization and coordination of movement activities through formal
organizations.
Ans: Resource mobilization theory
12. The ______ puts little value on the right to protest and has low tolerance for many forms of protest.
Ans: escalated-force model
Instructor Resource

13. The ______ suggests that institutions are not consistently invulnerable to challenge by groups with
little power, and social movements develop when windows of opportunity open.
Ans: political opportunities perspective
14. ______ seek to reform existing social arrangements and try out new ways of living together.
Ans: Proactive social movements
15. ______ are ongoing, large-scale, collective efforts to bring about (or resist) social change.
Ans: Social movements
16. ______ calls our attention to power arrangements that constrain the behaviors of some actors more
than others in a way that perpetuates social injustice.
Ans: Structuration theory
17. The ______ honors the right to demonstrate peacefully, tolerates even disruptive forms of protest,
and puts high priority on communication between police and demonstrators.
Ans: negotiated control model
18. Activists desire ______ because that is the most effective way to reach wide audiences.
Ans: media attention
19. The pink triangle or rainbow symbols used to frame LGBT rights are examples of the ______
perspective of social movements.
Ans: cultural framing
Instructor Resource
20. NASW is an example of a ______ organization.

Ans: professional social movement
Essay
1. Compare and contrast four contemporary trends in global and U.S. institutions. Using Leticia’s case as
an example, discuss how each of these trends impact her situation.
Ans: Correct answer should define, compare, and contrast each trend and apply to the case study
Learning Objective: LO 9.1, 9.2, 9.6
Cognitive Domain: Application/Analysis
Answer Location: Case Study; Contemporary Trends in Global and U.S. Institutions, Implications for
Social Work Practice
2. What is the contemporary debate regarding social inequality? What makes the most sense to you?
Explain your position.
Ans: Correct answer should define, compare, and contrast each term and apply to the case study
Learning Objective: LO 9.1, 9.3
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Theories of Social Inequality
3. Imagine you are working with Leticia Renteria. What challenges would you face? What strengths would
you bring to your work with her? How would you assist her and others in her position on a macro scale?
Ans: Discuss the strengths and challenges working with this particular population. Discuss strategies for
change.
Cognitive Domain: Application and Analysis
Answer Location: Case Study; Patterns of Social Life; Theories of Social Inequality
4. Compare and contrast various perspectives on social movements. Using the case study about fighting
for a living wage, discuss how each perspective informs this issue. Which is most effective? Explain your
position.
Ans: Correct answer should define, compare, and contrast each term and apply to the case study
Answer Location: Case Study; Perspectives on Social Movements, Implications for Social Work Practice.
5. Imagine you are the leader of a social movement. What strategies would you suggest the movement
adopt to promote your cause?
Ans: Correct answer should discuss social movements and perspectives
Answer Location: Case Study; Perspectives on Social Movements, Implications for Social Work Practice

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Instructor Resource

Hutchinson, Essentials of Human Behavior, 2e

Essentials of Human Behavior

Chapter 9: Small Groups, Formal Organizations, and Communities

1. ______ refer to specific social positions.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

8. The ______ institution promotes wellness.

Answer Location: Patterns in Social Life

9. The ______ institution is designed to enhance the functioning of individuals.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Perspectives on Social Movements

34. ______ focuses on everyday ties between people.

2. Poverty is the sole measure of social inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

7. People who identify as monotheistic believe there are multiple gods.

16. Counterrmovements and allied movements are synonymous terms.

Learning Objective: LO 9.5

2. ______ involve values about how things should be done.

Ans: No Child Left Behind

7. People who identify as ______ believe there are multiple gods.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

20. NASW is an example of a ______ organization.

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