The 4th International Conference on Power Electronics and their Applications (ICPEA), 25-27 September 2019, Elazig, Turkey

Wind Power Plant Application With Permanent Magnet Synchronous

Generator

Soner ÇELİKDEMİR Mehmet ÖZDEMİR

Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fırat Üniversitesi
Tatvan MYO Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği
Bitlis, Turkey Elazığ, Turkey
scelikdemir@beu.edu.tr mozdemir@firat.edu.tr

Abstract— Today, energy resources are rapidly decreasing. generation are described [5]. 11 kW horizontal axis wind
However, energy costs and environmental damage are increasing. turbine design and manufacturing were examined [6].
In addition to the current situation, it is important to use new and Generator systems used in wind energy conversion systems
renewable energy sources in energy production in order to meet have been examined and compared with each other [7] and the
the increasing energy needs. In this study, taking into first National Wind Energy Systems Development and
consideration these situations, the design and experimental Prototype Production (MİLRES) project constitutes the first
studies of the wind plant, which is one of the renewable energy step of this research [8].
sources, are examined. In addition, wind power, air duct and
other circuit elements were designed by using low power
permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and the II. SYSTEM DESİGN
characteristics of the wind turbine at different wind speeds were The system has been designed in the laboratory in order to
investigated. While all these are done, the primary objective is to conduct experimental work on the system and to examine the
examine the study in terms of applicability and to contribute to operation of the wind turbine with synchronous generator with
the dissemination of these systems.
permanent magnet at different wind speeds. Therefore, wind
Keywords— Wind Energy, Permanent Magnet Synchronous
Generator (PMSG), Wind Power Simulation energy is artificially obtained by an axial fan and applied to the
air duct. Thus, motion energy, which is the main input for the
production of electrical energy, was applied to the wind
I. INTRODUCTION
turbine. In this study, five blades, horizontal axis wind turbine
It is now known that fossil-based energy sources are not and electrical energy produced from wind energy by using
infinite. Environmental disasters have threatened human and PMSG and their characteristics at different loads were
living lives. Much more than the economic gains made to date investigated. Since the system is designed under laboratory
have been spent to prevent damage to nature. The limitation of conditions and will only be used for experimental studies, a 200
the fossil-based traditional energy sources and their negative W permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine is
effects on the environment the high costs of new and renewable
preferred. In accordance with the system; 300 W full sine
energy sources and the difficulty of finding new sources are a
inverter with 12 V input is preferred. In addition to inverter
serious problem for humanity. On the other hand, it is seen as
an appropriate solution to question consumption, improve selection, 12 V and 100 Ah battery, which is the wind turbine
production technologies and increase productivity. While this is regulator output value, were preferred by considering the
the case, making new and unplanned investments causes new experimental periods and battery life. In the design, axial fan
problems in addition to the existing problems. On the other and drive circuit are used in which different wind speed values
hand, the developing speed of technology and the can be obtained.
developments in semiconductor technology increase the quality
of energy while increasing the need for quality energy. At the
beginning of the study, the prototype design was carried out
primarily because it was aimed to build larger wind turbine
systems.
In literature studies; Experimental confirmation of a sea
flow turbine simulation; second order sliding mode controlled
permanent magnet synchronous generator application work was
done [1]. Using a permanent magnet synchronous generator, a
wind turbine model and its control was made [2]. Variable
speed turbine model with permanent magnet synchronous Fig. 1. System Prototype Application Diagram
generator was examined [3]. Mathematical models of
horizontal axis wind turbine, permanent magnet synchronous
generator and power electronic circuits are simulated for
educational purposes and examined in all dimensions [4]. The
installation of a 3 kW grid-independent wind turbine and power

978-1-7281-2726-2/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE

 The 4th International Conference on Power Electronics and their Applications (ICPEA), 25-27 September 2019, Elazig, Turkey
Rüzgar Hızının Hava Kanalındaki Değişim Grafiği
12

10

Rüzgar Hızı (m/sn)

8

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Hava Kanalı Çap Uzunluğu (cm)

Fig. 3. Graph of Change of Wind Speed for 616 rpm

Fig. 2. Design Image Gerilim - Zaman Grafiği
1.5
III. EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS
1
Air duct is designed for experimental studies and wind

Gerilim (p.u.)
0.5
energy is artificially provided by axial fan. In this study, firstly,
the axial fan was operated at different speed stages and the 0

wind speed values were measured. The average wind speed -0.5
values measured by the anemometer meter from the air duct -1
outlet are given in Table 1. PMSG output voltage values
-1.5
corresponding to average wind speed values are also given in 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Table 1. t (p.u.)
Fig. 4. Graph of change of generator output voltage for 616
TABLE I. AVERAGE WIND SPEED AND SMSG rpm
VOLTAGE VALUES FOR DIFFERENT SPEED LEVELS
Average Wind Speed When the rotational speed of the axial fan is 616 rpm, the
Speed (d/dk) Voltage (v)
Values (m/sn)
rectifier output voltage is 17.6 V and the voltage regulator
280 4,18 5,15
output voltage is 14.56 V.
336 4,72 6,59
392 5,25 8,06 Gerilim - Zaman Grafiği
448 6,12 9,6
2000
504 6,78 11,35
560 7,44 12,77 1500
Gerilim (p.u.)

616 8,11 14,57

672 8,84 15,1 1000

500
The graph of change in the wind speed of the wind turbine
surface in the air duct where the axial fan speed level is 616 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
rpm for reference is given in Figure 2. Accordingly, the change t (p.u.) 4
x 10
graph of the generator output voltage of the wind turbine with Fig. 5. Graph of Change of Rectifier Output Voltage
permanent magnet synchronous generator is shown in Figure 3,
the change graph of the rectifier output voltage is shown in Gerilim - Zaman Grafiği
Figure 4., after the voltage regulator is connected to the rectifier
2000
output, the change graph of output voltage in Figure 5. Here the
blue curves show the wind speed values on the vertical axis and 1500
Gerilim (p.u.)

the green curves show the wind speed on the horizontal axis.
As the initial measurement points, the left corner of the air duct 1000
on the horizontal axis and the upper corner of the air duct on
the vertical axis were taken as initial values. 500

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
t (p.u.) 4
x 10
Fig. 6. Graph of Change of Voltage Regulator Output Voltage

The voltage regulator output of the permanent magnet

synchronous generator wind turbine is charged in the battery
block and then applied as an input to the inverter. As a result,
the inverter output voltage is fixed at 232.5 V. In order to
 The 4th International Conference on Power Electronics and their Applications (ICPEA), 25-27 September 2019, Elazig, Turkey
examine the characteristics of the different ohmic loads applied 0.8
Akımın Efektif Değeri - Zaman Grafiği

to the inverter output, the changes of the effective values were 0.7

examined. Analogue digital signal converters are used for this 0.6

purpose. Analog digital signal converters dip-switches are set 0.5

to 450 V at alternate voltage and 10 V at correct voltage. As a 0.4

result, the inverter output voltage value corresponds to 232.5 V

A (akım)
0.3

at the alternating voltage and 5.16 V at the correct voltage. The 0.2

results of the experimental studies were visualized with the 0.1

help of oscilloscope. Differential protection relay (PINTEK 0

DP-25 differential probe) is used for this purpose. The data of -0.1

each experimental study were recorded as '.csv' extension. -0.2

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Then, graphics were obtained by using Matlab computer t (10e-4 saniye)

x 10
4

program. Fig. 9. Effective Value of Voltage at 400 Ω - 5500 Ω -400 Ω of

Load Value - Time Graph
When the ohmic load applied to the inverter output is 550 Ω
- 400 Ω – 550 Ω respectively, the effective value of the voltage Gerilimin Efektif Değeri - Zaman Grafiği
at the load terminals is fixed at 5.16 V and the time and change 8

graph is given in Figure 6. The effective value of the current is 7

0,424 A - 0,579 A - 0,424 A respectively and the time and 6

change graph is given in Figure 7. 5

V (gerilim)
Akımın Efektif Değeri - Zaman Grafiği
0.8 4

0.7
3
0.6
2
0.5

1
0.4
A (akım)

0.3 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
t (10e-4 saniye) 4
0.2 x 10

0.1 Fig. 10. Effective Value of Current at 400 Ω - 5500 Ω -400 Ω

0 of Load Value - Time Graph
-0.1

-0.2
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 When the ohmic load of 400 Ω is applied when the inverter
t (10e-4 saniye) 4
x 10
output is unloaded, the effective value of the voltage at the
Fig. 7. Effective Value of Voltage at 550 Ω - 400 Ω -550 Ω of load terminals increases from 0 V to 5.16 V and the time and
Load Value - Time Graph change graph is given in Figure 10. The effective value of the
current increases from 0 A to 0.424 A and the time and change
Gerilimin Efektif Değeri - Zaman Grafiği
8 graph is given in Figure 11.
Akımın Efektif Değeri - Zaman Grafiği
7 0.8

0.7
6
0.6
5
0.5
V (gerilim)

4 0.4
A (akım)

0.3
3

0.2
2
0.1

1 0

0 -0.1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
t (10e-4 saniye) 4 -0.2
x 10 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

Fig. 8. Effective Value of Current at 550 Ω - 400 Ω -550 Ω of

t (10e-4 saniye) 4
x 10

Load Value - Time Graph Fig. 11. Effective Value of Voltage at 400 Ω in Unloaded State
- Time Graph
When the ohmic load applied to the inverter output is 400
Ω - 550 Ω – 400 Ω respectively, the effective value of the
voltage at the load terminals is fixed at 5.16 V and the time
and change graph is given in Figure 8. The effective value of
the current is 0,579 A - 0,424 A - 0,579 A respectively and the
time and change graph is given in Figure 9.
 The 4th International Conference on Power Electronics and their Applications (ICPEA), 25-27 September 2019, Elazig, Turkey
8
Gerilimin Efektif Değeri - Zaman Grafiği
7 output voltage to the rectifier circuit, it was seen that full wave
6 rectification was performed and the voltage was adjusted by the
5 regulator to the battery charge value.
V (gerilim)
4
3
2
1
0
-1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
t (10e-4 saniye)
Fig. 12. Effective Value of the Current at 400 Ω in Unloaded
State - Time Graph
IV. CONCLUSION
In this study, the operation of the small power wind power
plant was examined. The design was realized as a five-bladed,
horizontal axis, permanent magnet synchronous generator wind
turbine. The system also consists of rectifier circuit, regulator
circuit, battery and inverter units, air duct where the system will
work, axial fan and axial fan drive circuits to artificially wind.
As can be seen from the experimental results of the wind
turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator, it can
produce different voltages at variable wind speeds. Since the
PMSG do not have an excitation current, the generator output
voltages cannot be controlled. For this purpose, quality
electrical energy can be obtained at desired amplitude and
frequencies by rectifying output voltages with semiconductor
circuit elements and applying them to inverter modules where
semiconductor elements are used again. The wind speed
distribution differs when the axial fan constituting the wind
energy is operated by its driver. Wind speed, vertical and
horizontal direction measurements of the air channel from the
edge of the surface of the central point of the value of the value
increases and then decreases to zero value was measured. It has
been observed that this situation changes even at different
speeds.This shows that the wind velocity in contact with the
wind turbine blades is not equal throughout the blade.
As a result of the experimental study, it was observed that
the voltage generated by the permanent magnet synchronous
generator even at low speed stages of the axial fan and also the
induced voltage value at the stator winding ends of the
permanent magnet synchronous generator increased at
increasing speed stages. As a result of the application of the
It was observed that the effective value of the inverter
output voltage did not change at different loads but the
effective value of the current decreased at increasing loads and
increased at decreasing loads.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
1.4 1.6 1.8 2
4
x 10
I would like to thank Fırat University Scientific Research
Projects Management Unit within the scope of FÜBAP-
MF.12.20.
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