Urban outdoor air pollution database August 2011 Department of Public Health and Environment, World Health Organization,

Geneva, Switzerland http://www.who.int/phe

The data presented do not necessarily reflect the views or position of the World Health Organization. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this database. However, the published material is being made available without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. Countries may have more recent, complete and accurate data. World Health Organization 2011 All rights reserved.

Status 31-8-2011 A description of methods and sources is provided in the document "Description of methods and disclaimer", 2011. Legend: PM10: PM2.5:

Particulate matter with diameter of 10 m or less. Particulate matter with diameter of 2.5m or less.

Urban population coverage: Percent of urban inhabitants living in cities covered by PM measurements. Afr: Africa; Amr: America; Emr: Eastern Mediterranean Region, Eur: Europe; Sear: South-East Asia; Wpr: Western Pacific region. HI: High income; LMI: Low and middle income. WHO regions WHO African Region: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cte dIvoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe. WHO Region of the Americas: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of ), Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of ). WHO South-East Asia Region: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste. WHO European Region: Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan. WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran (Islamic Republic of ), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. WHO Western Pacific Region: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Japan, Kiribati, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Mongolia, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Viet Nam.

Income groups Defined according to World Bank list of economies (December 2010). Washington, DC, World Bank, December 2010 (http://siteresources.worldbank.org/)

have been being made terial lies with the nt, complete

Annual mean PM2.5 (Particulate matter with diameter of 2.5 m or less), by city
Region EurHI AmrHI Afr WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrLMI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI Afr AmrHI EurHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EmrLMI AmrHI Country Denmark United States of America Ghana Australia United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Chile United States of America United States of America Italy United States of America United States of America Madagascar United States of America Denmark United States of America Greece United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Germany United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America Lebanon Canada Annual mean PM2.5 ug/m3 Aalborg 16.9 Aberdeen, SD 8.1 Accra 49.8 Adelaide 8.1 Adrian, MI 9.7 Akron, OH 11.6 Albany, GA 11.8 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 7.7 Albuquerque, NM 5.3 Alexandria, LA 8.4 Allegan, MI 8.6 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ 8.6 Alto Hospicio (Iquique) 18.2 Amarillo, TX 5.6 Anchorage, AK 6.3 Ancona 19.7 Anderson, IN 11.2 Ann Arbor, MI 9.9 Antanananrivo 59.0 Appleton, WI 10.4 rhus 13.9 Asheville, NC 9.3 Athens 27.4 Athens, OH 9.1 Athens-Clarke County, GA 10.3 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA 12.1 Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ 8.0 Augsburg 12.2 Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC 12.0 Augusta-Waterville, ME 8.0 Austin-Round Rock, TX 10.1 Bakersfield, CA 22.5 Baltimore-Towson, MD 11.2 Bangor, ME 7.3 Baraboo, WI 9.9 Barrie 7.0 Bathurst 6.0 Baton Rouge, LA 10.2 Bay City, MI 8.1 Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX 10.3 Beaver Dam, WI 9.7 Bcancour 5.3 Beckley, WV 9.2 Beirut 31.0 Belleville 7.0 City Year 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2003 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2004 2008

AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrLMI AmrHI AmrLMI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI

United States of America United States of America Germany United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada Canada Netherlands Germany Italy United States of America United States of America Australia Czech Republic United States of America United States of America United States of America Belgium United States of America Australia United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America Chile Canada Peru United States of America United States of America Canada Australia United States of America United States of America United States of America Czech Republic United States of America Belgium United States of America

Bend, OR Bennington, VT Berlin Bethesda-Frederick-Rockville, MD Birmingham-Hoover, AL Bishop, CA Bismarck, ND Bloomington-Normal, IL Boise City-Nampa, ID Boone, NC Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH Boston-Quincy, MA Boulder, CO /1 Bowling Green, KY Bozeman, MT Bradenton-Sarasota-Venice, FL Brandon Brantford Breda Bremen Brescia Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT Brigham City, UT Brisbane Brno Brookings, SD Brownsville-Harlingen, TX Brunswick, GA Bruxelles / Brussel Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY Bunbury Burlington, NC Burlington-South Burlington, VT Burns Lake Butte-Silver Bow, MT Cadillac, MI Calama Calgary Callao Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA Camden, NJ Campbell River Canberra Canton-Massillon, OH Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL Cedar Rapids, IA Cesk Budejovice Champaign-Urbana, IL Charleroi Charleston, WV

5.6 6.5 20.8 10.7 11.7 6.2 6.4 10.1 7.5 7.9 10.2 10.2 7.3 10.6 7.7 6.6 6.4 8.1 17.6 19.7 31.1 9.5 8.5 10.9 19.0 8.6 11.1 9.7 18.7 9.6 8.3 9.6 7.1 2.9 9.8 5.9 14.5 5.6 19.6 10.2 11.3 5.0 6.2 11.9 6.5 10.4 15.9 10.5 20.3 12.5

2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2007 2008 2010 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009

AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrLMI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI Afr AmrHI AmrHI Afr WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI

United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Chile United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America Canada United States of America Germany Senegal United States of America United States of America Tanzania Australia United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America

Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville, SC 9.5 2009 Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC 10.7 2009 Charlottesville, VA 8.4 2009 Chatham 8.8 2008 Chattanooga, TN-GA 10.7 2009 Cheyenne, WY 3.9 2009 Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL 12.9 2009 Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI 12.9 2009 Chico, CA 10.0 2009 Chilliwack 4.9 2008 Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN 13.7 2009 Clarksburg, WV 10.8 2009 Clarksville, TN-KY 10.0 2009 Clearlake, CA 3.4 2009 Cleveland, MS 9.7 2009 Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH 12.9 2009 Clinton, IA 11.4 2009 Colorado Springs, CO 5.6 2009 Columbia, SC 10.7 2009 Columbia, TN 8.6 2009 Columbus, GA-AL 11.8 2009 Columbus, MS 9.7 2009 Columbus, OH 11.5 2009 Concepcion 24.0 2007 Concord, NH 8.3 2009 Cookeville, TN 9.1 2009 Corner Brook 3.5 2008 Corning, NY 6.9 2009 Cornwall 6.7 2008 Corpus Christi, TX 9.7 2009 Cottbus 17.4 2008 Dakar 38.0 2010 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 10.2 2009 Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX 10.2 2009 Dar es Salaam 23.0 2005-2006 Darwin 8.3 2009 Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL 12.4 2009 Dayton, OH 12.4 2009 Decatur, AL 9.9 2009 Decatur, IL 11.0 2009 Denver-Aurora-Broomfield, CO /1 8.1 2009 Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA 9.2 2009 Detroit-Livonia-Dearborn, MI 12.1 2009 Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI 12.1 2009 Dickinson, ND 4.1 2009 Dothan, AL 9.5 2009 Dover, DE 9.5 2009 Drayton Valley 7.7 2008 Duluth, MN-WI 7.2 2009 Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 9.8 2009

AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI

United States of America United States of America Canada Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Germany Canada United States of America Portugal United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Australia Sweden Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America Austria United States of America

Dyersburg, TN 9.7 2009 Edison-New Brunswick, NJ 12.7 2009 Edmonton 6.8 2008 Edson 4.2 2008 El Centro, CA 8.0 2009 El Dorado, AR 10.0 2009 El Paso, TX 8.4 2009 Elizabethtown, KY 10.9 2009 Elkhart-Goshen, IN 11.9 2009 Essex 8.1 2008 Eugene-Springfield, OR 11.0 2009 Eureka-Arcata-Fortuna, CA 7.0 2009 Evansville, IN-KY 12.5 2009 Fairbanks, AK 16.4 2009 Fairmont, WV 11.7 2009 Farmington, NM 4.4 2009 Fayetteville, NC 9.6 2009 Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO 10.3 2009 Flagstaff, AZ 7.4 2009 Flin Flon 7.0 2008 Flint, MI 8.7 2009 Florence, SC 10.2 2009 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO 6.8 2009 Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL2009 7.5 Fort Madison-Keokuk, IA-MO 10.1 2009 Fort Mcmurray 5.4 2008 Fort Payne, AL 9.7 2009 Fort Smith, AR-OK 10.8 2009 Fort Wayne, IN 10.8 2009 Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 10.2 2009 Frankfort, KY 10.4 2009 Frankfurt am Main 16.3 2008 Fredericton 3.7 2008 Fresno, CA 20.8 2009 Funchal 9.0 2008 Gadsden, AL 10.2 2009 Gainesville, FL 7.2 2009 Gainesville, GA 10.2 2009 Gary, IN 12.9 2009 Gillette, WY 5.6 2009 Gladstone 9.2 2009 Gteborg 14.1 2008 Grand Forks 4.2 2008 Grand Island, NE 7.0 2009 Grand Junction, CO 9.7 2009 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI 9.9 2009 Grande Prairie 4.1 2008 Grants Pass, OR 8.5 2009 Graz 23.8 2008 Great Falls, MT 5.1 2009

AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI

United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Netherlands Canada United States of America United States of America Canada Germany Germany Canada United States of America United States of America Germany United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Netherlands United States of America Finland United States of America United States of America Australia United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Czech Republic United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada

Greeley, CO /1 7.8 Green Bay, WI 11.1 Greensboro-High Point, NC 9.6 Greenville, NC 8.7 Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC 10.8 Grenada, MS 9.2 Groningen 18.8 Guelph 7.4 Gulfport-Biloxi, MS 10.1 Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV 12.1 Halifax 4.8 Halle an der Saale 16.2 Hamburg 15.7 Hamilton 9.4 Hammond, LA 8.4 Hanford-Corcoran, CA 15.8 Hannover 15.4 Harriman, TN 10.8 Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA 12.2 Harrisonburg, VA 9.8 Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT 9.0 Hattiesburg, MS 11.1 Heerlen 16.2 Helena-West Helena, AR 9.7 Helsinki 8.9 Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC 10.3 Hilo, HI 16.1 Hobard : New Town 7.1 Holland-Grand Haven, MI 9.2 Homosassa Springs, FL 6.9 Honolulu, HI 6.9 Hot Springs, AR 10.1 Houma-Bayou Cane-Thibodaux, LA 8.3 Houston 2.9 Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX 12.6 Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH 12.0 Huntsville, AL 10.0 Indianapolis-Carmel, IN 13.0 Iowa City, IA 10.6 Jackson, MS 10.7 Jackson, TN 8.6 Jackson, WY-ID 4.7 Jacksonville, FL 8.3 Jamestown-Dunkirk-Fredonia, NY 7.3 Jihlava 16.9 Johnstown, PA 11.9 Kahului-Wailuku, HI 3.9 Kalamazoo-Portage, MI 10.1 Kalispell, MT 9.7 Kamloops 4.3

2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008

AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI EurLMI EmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrLMI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI

United States of America Germany Germany United States of America Canada United States of America Canada United States of America Canada Canada Czech Republic United States of America United States of America Denmark United States of America Poland Kuwait United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Australia United States of America United States of America France United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America Czech Republic Belgium Peru United States of America Austria Portugal United States of America United States of America United Kingdom Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America

Kansas City, MO-KS 10.6 Karlsruhe 13.9 Kassel 15.2 Keene, NH 10.1 Kelowna 4.2 Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA 9.9 Kingston 8.3 Kinston, NC 8.5 Kitchener 8.3 Kitimat 2.4 Kladno 13.5 Klamath Falls, OR 11.8 Knoxville, TN 11.5 Kbenhavn 14.8 Kokomo, IN 11.0 Krakw 35.5 Kuwait City 51.0 La Crosse, WI-MN 10.5 La Grande, OR 7.8 Laconia, NH 6.0 Lafayette, IN 10.7 Lafayette, LA 8.6 Lake Charles, LA 8.9 Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI 12.9 Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL 7.2 Lancaster, PA 12.2 Lansing-East Lansing, MI 9.1 Las Cruces, NM 10.4 Las Vegas-Paradise, NV 8.6 Launceston (Ti Tree bend) 7.5 Laurel, MS 11.3 Lawrenceburg, TN 7.9 Le Havre 17.7 Lebanon, NH-VT 6.6 Lethbridge 4.0 Lewiston-Auburn, ME 7.6 Lexington-Fayette, KY 11.1 Liberec 19.6 Lige 20.8 Lima 34.2 Lincoln, NE 8.1 Linz 18.9 Lisboa 11.9 Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR 11.4 Logan, UT-ID 10.3 London 13.5 London 8.2 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA 14.8 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA 14.8 Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN 13.0

2009 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2008 2004 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2010 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009

WprHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprLMI AmrHI AmrLMI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI

Australia United States of America Germany United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Spain Germany Portugal Germany Sweden United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America Philippines Canada Mexico United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Italy United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America Canada United States of America Germany United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada

Lower Hunter 8.2 Lubbock, TX 7.6 Lbeck 14.3 Lumberton, NC 9.4 Lynchburg, VA 8.4 Macon, GA 12.3 Madison, WI 11.5 Madrid 13.1 Magdeburg 14.1 Maia 7.8 Mainz 15.7 Malm 11.2 Manchester-Nashua, NH 8.0 Manitowoc, WI 9.4 Marshall, TX 9.4 McAlester, OK 9.8 McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 11.0 Medford, OR 10.0 Medicine Hat 3.9 Memphis, TN-MS-AR 9.9 Merced, CA 13.6 Meridian, MS 10.7 Metro Manila 21.0 Metro Vancouver 4.9 Mexicali 51.0 Miami, OK 8.8 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL 7.5 Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL 7.5 Michigan City-La Porte, IN 10.1 Middlesborough, KY 10.4 Milano 31.7 Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI 11.9 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 10.7 Mississauga 8.5 Missoula, MT 8.0 Mobile, AL 9.6 Modesto, CA 16.1 Moncton 6.1 Monroe, LA 8.6 Monroe, MI 10.3 Montral 11.2 Morgantown, WV 10.8 Morrisburg 6.5 Mount Vernon, IL 10.1 Mnchen 15.0 Muncie, IN 11.1 Muscatine, IA 12.5 Muskegon-Norton Shores, MI 8.8 Muskogee, OK 10.3 Nanaimo 3.5

2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008

AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI

United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America Germany United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada Germany Czech Republic Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Spain Czech Republic France United States of America Italy Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Australia Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America

Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN 10.2 2009 Nassau-Suffolk, NY 12.7 2009 Natchez, MS-LA 9.5 2009 Nelson 3.8 2008 New Castle, IN 10.7 2009 New Haven-Milford, CT 9.9 2009 New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA 11.0 2009 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA 12.7 2009 New York-White Plains-Wayne, NY-NJ 12.7 2009 Newark-Union, NJ-PA 12.7 2009 Niles-Benton Harbor, MI 9.0 2009 Nogales, AZ 13.1 2009 North Bay 5.2 2008 Norwich-New London, CT 8.6 2009 Nrnberg 15.7 2008 Oakland-Fremont-Hayward, CA 9.2 2009 Odessa, TX 6.9 2009 Ogden-Clearfield, UT 10.3 2009 Oklahoma City, OK 9.5 2009 Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA 10.2 2009 Orlando-Kissimmee, FL 7.4 2009 Oshawa 7.6 2008 Osnabrck 14.5 2008 Ostrava 27.4 2008 Ottawa 5.5 2008 Owensboro, KY 11.9 2009 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA 10.8 2009 Paducah, KY-IL 11.5 2009 Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL 6.5 2009 Pamplona/Irua 9.4 2008 Pardubice 17.4 2008 Paris 22.9 2008 Parkersburg-Marietta-Vienna, WV-OH 12.0 2009 Parma 22.8 2008 Parry Sound 5.4 2008 Pascagoula, MS 9.3 2009 Peabody, MA 10.2 2009 Pendleton-Hermiston, OR 7.8 2009 Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL 8.4 2009 Peoria, IL 10.7 2009 Perth Region 8.0 2009 Peterborough 7.0 2008 Philadelphia, PA 11.3 2009 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 2009 11.3 Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 14.2 2009 Pictou 6.6 2008 Pittsburgh, PA 15.0 2009 Pittsfield, MA 8.7 2009 Platteville, WI 11.4 2009 Pocatello, ID 4.8 2009

AmrHI Afr WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrLMI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrLMI AmrLMI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurLMI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI

United States of America Mauritius Australia United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America Germany United States of America Poland Czech Republic Italy Canada Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada Canada Ecuador United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America Italy Brazil Brazil Canada United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America Latvia Italy United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Italy Germany Netherlands France Canada United States of America

Pop-weighted mean cities >100,000 11.2 Port Louis 7.0 Port Phillip 7.7 Port St. Lucie, FL 7.4 Port Stanley 8.0 Portland-South Portland-Biddeford, ME 8.3 Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA 9.2 Portsmouth, OH 10.9 Potsdam 14.5 Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY 7.9 Poznan 23.7 Praha 17.3 Prato 19.6 Prince Albert 4.3 Prince George 5.0 Prineville, OR 8.4 Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA 9.0 Provo-Orem, UT 10.5 Qubec 6.7 Quesnel 5.2 Quito 19.4 Raleigh-Cary, NC 9.2 Rapid City, SD 6.6 Reading, PA 10.9 Red Deer 4.5 Redding, CA 5.8 Reggio nell Emilia 21.8 Regiao Estado Sao Paulo (UGRHI 15) 11.0 Regio Metropolitana Sao Paulo 15.0 Regina 5.6 Reno-Sparks, NV 7.9 Revelstoke 4.2 Richmond, VA 9.3 Richmond-Berea, KY 9.7 Riga 19.4 Rimini 19.5 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA 16.8 Riverton, WY 8.3 Roanoke, VA 9.7 Rochester, NY 7.5 Rock Springs, WY 6.0 Rockford, IL 9.5 Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH10.2 Rocky Mount, NC 8.6 Roma 19.7 Rostock 9.4 Rotterdam 17.9 Rouen 16.2 Rouyn-noranda 8.7 Russellville, AR 10.8

2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009

AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrLMI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI

United States of America Netherlands Germany United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America Austria United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Chile Canada Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Singapore United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Australia Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America Norway Sweden United States of America

Rutland, VT 9.6 s' Gravenhage 17.0 Saarbrcken 12.6 Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA10.6 Saint John 6.6 Salinas, CA 5.8 Salisbury, NC 10.3 Salt Lake City, UT 11.1 Salzburg 16.7 San Antonio, TX 9.4 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA 15.0 San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA 9.2 San Francisco-San Mateo-Redwood City, CA 9.2 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 10.1 San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA 7.9 Santa Ana-Anaheim-Irvine, CA 14.8 Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Goleta, CA 6.9 Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA 5.7 Santa Fe, NM 3.8 Santiago 31.7 Sarnia 12.7 Saskatoon 4.8 Savannah, GA 10.2 Seaford, DE 9.7 Searcy, AR 10.3 Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA 9.8 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 9.8 Seneca, SC 7.6 Sheridan, WY 8.4 Shreveport-Bossier City, LA 10.1 Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ 7.6 Silver City, NM 5.0 Singapore 19.0 Sioux City, IA-NE-SD 9.1 Sioux Falls, SD 9.1 Smithers 4.0 South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI 11.6 Spartanburg, SC 10.4 Springfield, IL 10.6 Springfield, MA 9.4 Springfield, MO 9.5 Springfield, OH 12.4 Springwood 5.5 St. Catharines 8.8 St. Cloud, MN 8.7 St. Louis, MO-IL 12.0 State College, PA 9.4 Stavanger 8.1 Stockholm 10.6 Stockton, CA 11.3

2009 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2006 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009

EurHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrLMI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprLMI EurHI AmrHI AmrLMI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI

Germany Canada Australia United States of America United States of America Chile United States of America Estonia United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada Spain United States of America United States of America Italy Canada United States of America France United States of America Norway United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Mongolia Czech Republic United States of America Chile Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America Germany Canada United States of America

Stuttgart 15.5 Sudbury 4.7 Sydney 7.0 Syracuse, NY 7.6 Tacoma, WA 9.8 Talca 32.8 Tallahassee, FL 9.7 Tallinn 5.4 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 7.9 Terrace 3.5 Terre Haute, IN 11.8 Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR 10.3 Thomasville-Lexington, NC 10.6 Thunder Bay 4.6 Toledo 14.0 Toledo, OH 11.4 Topeka, KS 8.7 Torino 34.4 Toronto 7.9 Torrington, CT 7.3 Toulouse 13.9 Trenton-Ewing, NJ 9.3 Trondheim 10.2 Truckee-Grass Valley, CA 5.9 Tucson, AZ 5.5 Tulsa, OK 10.7 Tupelo, MS 10.2 Tuscaloosa, AL 9.9 Ulaanbaatar 63.0 Usti nad Labem 15.5 Vallejo-Fairfield, CA 9.7 Valparaiso 18.7 Victoria 4.0 Vincennes, IN 11.4 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC 9.4 Visalia-Porterville, CA 16.0 Warner Robins, GA 10.4 Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI 12.1 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 10.7 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 10.7 Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA 10.5 Watertown, SD 8.5 Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH 12.2 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Boynton Beach, FL 7.5 Wheeling, WV-OH 12.2 Whitehorse 1.7 Wichita, KS 8.9 Wiesbaden 15.5 Williams Lake 4.0 Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ 11.3

2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2007 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2008 2008 2009

AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI EurLMI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI AmrLMI AmrLMI AmrLMI EurHI

United States of America Canada Canada United States of America Australia United States of America Poland United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Netherlands Poland Slovakia Czech Republic Mexico Mexico Mexico Switzerland

Winchester, VA-WV Windsor Winnipeg Winston-Salem, NC Wollongong Worcester, MA Wroclaw Yakima, WA York-Hanover, PA Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA Yuba City, CA Yuma, AZ Zaanstad Zabrze ilina Zln Zona Met de Guadalajara Zona Met de Monterrey Zona Met del Valle de Mexico Zrich

10.4 10.1 5.6 9.7 7.0 9.2 21.5 9.5 11.7 11.7 7.9 9.4 14.1 40.4 25.1 21.1 22.4 25.4 24.4 14.7

2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008

5 m or less), by city

Temporal Number and location coverage of monitoring stations 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 86 NA NA 4 residential and 1 roadside station in Accra NA 1 station, mixed are of light industrial, heavy traffic NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 87 NA NA NA NA 5 stations in various neighbourhaod of capital city 3 months/year NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 89 NA NA 4 urban traffic and 4 suburban background stations 4% 8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA to the station, ranging fromBeirut 7 stations in 5 measurements per year to every 6 days 1 urban residential station NA

NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 NA NA NA NA 1 station, light industrial/residential NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 urban background, 3 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 NA NA NA 99% NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential and 1 urban commercial stationNA 1 station NA NA NA NA NA 2 urban residential stations NA 1 station, suburb1 station, suburb 91% NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 NA NA 0 urban background, 2 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 89 NA NA

NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 2 stations, 1 in traffic area and 1 urban backgroundNA NA NA NA NA 2 roadside stations year, in wet season and dry season 4 months per 1 station, residential/light industrial NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA

NA NA NA NA 1 Urban residential and 2 urban commercial stations NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3 urban residential stations NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 88 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 station, industry/residential NA 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 Urban residential stations NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 NA NA

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA 1 Urban residential and 1 urban commercial stations NA 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 3 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 Urban residential and 1 urban commercial stations NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 NA NA NA NA 1 station, urban background 87% NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA

NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 NA NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA 1 urban residential station NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 88 NA NA 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 station in city centre NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 station, urban background 84% NA NA NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 87 3 stations NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 88 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

2 stations2 stations2 stations2 stations NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3 stations in Metro Manila NA 7 Urban residential stations NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential and 6 urban commercial stations A N NA NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA

NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3 urban residential stations NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 Urban residential and 1 urban commercial stations NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 90 NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 urban background and 1 low density stations 99% 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

NA NA 2 stations in St Louis 2 months/year 1 residential/light industrial and 1 residential/industrial station 99% NA NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 86 NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 Urban Commercial station NA 1 Urban residential and 1 urban commercial stations NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4 Urban Residential stations NA 3 Urban residential stations NA 7 stations NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 estacion NA 4 stations NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 84 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 84 1 urban residential station NA NA NA

NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 87 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 NA NA 2 Urban residential station stations NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 12 stations in urban background, industrial, commercial, suburban and roadside locations distributed all over Singapore NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 station, residential1 station, residential NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 84 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 NA NA

1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 1 Urban Commercial station NA 4 stations, city4 stations, city NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 83 NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 7 urban residential and 4 urban commercial stations A N NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 NA NA 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 station at national University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 2 days per week 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 NA NA NA NA 4 urban residential and 1 urban commercial stations A N NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 1 urban residential station NA NA NA

NA NA 1 urban residential and 1 urban commercial stations A N 1 urban residential and 1 urban commercial stations A N NA NA 1 station1 station1 station1 station NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 80 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 89 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100

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USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/a European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/a USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) Environment Canada. Ground-level Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations at Monitoring Stations, Canada, 2008 USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) Environment Canada. Ground-level Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations at Monitoring Stations, Canada, 2008 USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) Environment Canada. 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Ground-level Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations at Monitoring Stations, Canada, 2008 USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) Environment Canada. Ground-level Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations at Monitoring Stations, Canada, 2008 USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/a Environment Canada. Ground-level Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations at Monitoring Stations, Canada, 2008 USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011)

USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) Environment Canada. Ground-level Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations at Monitoring Stations, Canada, 2008 Environment Canada. Ground-level Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations at Monitoring Stations, Canada, 2008 USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) NSW Government, New South Wales Annual Compliance Report 2009. USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/a USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/a European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/a European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/a European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/a Compendio de Estadisticas Ambientales 2010 - Promedio annual de concentrationes horarias de contaminatnes atmosfericos; http://aplicaci Compendio de Estadisticas Ambientales 2010 - Promedio annual de concentrationes horarias de contaminatnes atmosfericos; http://aplicaci Compendio de Estadisticas Ambientales 2010 - Promedio annual de concentrationes horarias de contaminatnes atmosfericos; http://aplicaci European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/a

mporal patterns. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010;44(7):2270-2276.

vi de la qualit de l'air Dakar. Rapport annuel 2010. 2010.

es in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Sci. Total Environ. 2010;408(6):1308-1314.

Statistics 2009, Madagascar, 2009.

Annual mean PM2.5 (Particulate matter with diameter of 2.5 m or less), by country
Region EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI WprLMI WprLMI WprHI Afr Afr Afr Afr Afr EmrHI EmrLMI AmrLMI AmrLMI AmrLMI AmrLMI AmrLMI Country Greece Austria Belgium Switzerland Czech Republic Germany Denmark Estonia Spain Finland France Italy Latvia Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Sweden Slovakia United Kingdom Canada United States of America Australia Mongolia Philippines Singapore Ghana Madagascar Mauritius Senegal Tanzania Kuwait Lebanon Brazil Chile Ecuador Mexico Peru City Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean

Annual mean PM2.5 Year Number and location Temporal coverage Reference ug/m3 of monitoring stations 27.0 2008 2 urban traffic and 2 suburban background station in 2 cities 79% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 20.4 2008 3 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 19.4 2008 1 urban background, 6 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 91 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 14.7 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 18.8 2008 6 urban background, 5 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 16.9 2008 20 urban background, 2 suburban background, 10 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 14.9 2008 3 urban background, 0 suburban background, 4 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 87 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 5.4 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 12.9 2008 1 urban background, 2 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 8.9 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 20.1 2008 2 urban background, 2 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 91 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 25.3 2008 10 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 19.4 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 17.3 2008 4 urban background, 2 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 9.3 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 87 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 28.7 2008 5 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 10.8 2008 3 urban background, 0 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 11.8 2008 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 25.1 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 13.5 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 88 European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea 7.6 2008 118 stations in 70 agglomerations over 2,000 inhabitants, 78 urban residential and 40 urban commercial locations NA Environment Canada. Ground-level Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations at Monitoring Stations, Canad 10.9 2008 728 sites in 375 locations throughout the country728 sites in 375 locations throughout the country NA USEPA. Particulate matter. Local trends in particulate matter trends. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/pm.html (accessed 12 May 7.9 2009 18 stations in 10 cities; urban background, cities above 100,000 90% Environmental Protection Authority, ACT air quality report 2009, June 2010. Northern Territory Government. Northern Territ 63.0 2008 1 station at national University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 2 days per week The World Bank. Air pollution in Ulaanbaatar. Discussion Paper. 2009. 21.0 2007 3 stations in Metro Manila NA Environmental Management Bureau. National Air Quality Status Report (2005-2007), 2009. 19.0 2009 11 stations in urban background, industrial, commercial, suburban and roadside locations distributed all over Singapore NA Singapore Department of Statistics. Yearbook of Statistics Singapore, 2010. 49.8 2008 4 residential and 1 roadside station in Accra NA Dionisio KL, Arku RE, Hughes AF, et al. Air pollution in Accra neighborhoods: spatial, socioeconomic, and temporal patterns 59.0 2003 5 stations in various neighbourhoods of capital city 3 months/year Ministre de l'environnement et des Forts. Rapport sur l'Etat de l'Environnement de Madagascar, 2007. Madagascar, 2007. 7.0 2009 2 stations in St Louis 2 months/year Central Statistics Office. Environment Statistics 2009, Madagascar, 2009. 38.0 2010 2 stations, 1 in traffic area and 1 urban background NA Ministre de l'Environnement de la Protection de la Nature, des Bassins de Rtention et des Lacs artificiels. Suivi de la qualit 23.0 2005-2006 2 roadside stations 4 months per year, in wet season andMkoma SL, Chi X, Maenhaut W. Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols in ambient PM10 and PM2.5 particles in Dar es Sa dry season 51.0 2003 1 station in city centre NA Brown KW, Bouhamra W, Lamoureux DP, Evans JS, Koutrakis P. Characterization of Particulate Matter for Three Sites in K 31.0 2004 7 stations in Beirut According to the station, ranging from 5 measurements and year to every 6 daysof crustal and anthropogenic inorganic components of coarse and fine aerosols over Saliba et al. Short per long-term transport 14.8 2009 Location NA 2009 Qualidade do Ar No Estado de Sao Paulo; http://www.cetesb.sp.gov.br/ar/qualidade-do-ar/31-publicacoes-e-relatorios (a 28.9 2006-2008 NA NA Sistema Nacional de Informacion Ambiental (SINIA).Informe - Relacion de la norma de calidad primaria MP2.5 con la nirma 19.4 2009 7 stations NA Informe de la calidad del Aire Cuenca, 2009. http://www.cuencaire.org/ (accessed 29 April 2011) 25.1 2009 NA NA Compendio de Estadisticas Ambientales 2010 - Promedio annual de concentrationes horarias de contaminatnes atmosfericos; h 32.8 2010 4 stations in 2 cities NA Programa Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria de Calidad del Aire. http://www.digesa.sld.pe/DEPA/pral2/index.asp (accessed 3 M

Urban population coverage (%) 49 10 15 7 32 19 20 43 10 17 7 14 48 12 7 9 12 19 3 13 78 NA 1 70 22 100 18 30 27 50 29 71 51 13 52 18 34 41

Reported or calculated mean Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Reported Calculated Reported Calculated Reported Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Reported Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated <10 NA 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 100% 6% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 42% 0% 30% 0% 0% 0% 81% 29% 88% NA NA 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0% 0% NA 0% 0% 10-15 NA 0% 0% 100% 3% 23% 83% 0% 94% 0% 19% 0% 0% 8% 58% 0% 70% 100% 0% 100% 19% 67% 12% NA NA 0% NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 100% 2% NA 0% 0%

Distribution of urban population into pollution levels (in %) (based on city means) ug/m3 15-25 25-35 35-50 50-70 70-90 90-110 NA NA NA NA NA NA 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 84% 13% 0% 0% 0% 0% 75% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 17% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 81% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 58% 42% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 92% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 56% 0% 44% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 23% 76% 0% 0% 0% 0% NA NA NA NA NA NA 83% 14% 0% 3% 0% 0% 9% 0% 91% 0% 0% 0%

>110 NA 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% NA NA 0% NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0% 0% NA 0% 0%

Total NA 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% NA NA 100% NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 100% 100% NA 100% 100%

Annual mean PM10 (Particulate matter with diameter of 10 m or less), by city

Region AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI Country Canada Canada Canada Canada United States of America Canada Canada Canada Canada Canada United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America Canada Canada Canada Canada United States of America Canada Canada Canada Canada Canada Canada Canada United States of America Canada Canada United States of America Canada Canada Canada United States of America Canada Canada Canada United States of America Canada United States of America Canada Canada United States of America Canada Canada Canada Canada Australia United States of America City Whitehorse Kitimat Burns Lake Houston Clearlake, CA Nanaimo Terrace Corner Brook Fredericton Nelson Santa Fe, NM Medicine Hat Cheyenne, WY Kahului-Wailuku, HI Smithers Lethbridge Victoria Williams Lake Dickinson, ND Grande Prairie Kelowna Edson Grand Forks Revelstoke Prince Albert Kamloops Farmington, NM Red Deer Thunder Bay Jackson, WY-ID Sudbury Saskatoon Halifax Pocatello, ID Chilliwack Metro Vancouver Campbell River Silver City, NM Prince George Great Falls, MT North Bay Quesnel Albuquerque, NM Bcancour Parry Sound Fort Mcmurray Ottawa Springwood Tucson, AZ Annual mean PM10 ug/m3 3 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Year 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 Number and location of stations 1 Urban Commercial station 1 urban residential station 1 urban residential station 1 urban residential station NA 1 urban residential station 1 urban residential station 1 Urban Commercial station 1 Urban Commercial station 1 urban residential station NA 1 urban residential station NA NA 1 urban residential station 1 urban residential station 4 urban residential and 1 urban commercial stations 1 urban residential station NA 2 Urban residential stations 1 Urban Commercial station 1 urban residential station 1 urban residential station 1 urban residential station 1 Urban Commercial station 1 Urban Commercial station NA 1 Urban Commercial station 1 urban residential station NA 1 Urban Commercial station 1 Urban Commercial station 1 Urban residential and 1 urban commercial stations NA 1 urban residential station 7 Urban residential stations 2 urban residential stations NA 1 Urban residential and 1 urban commercial stations NA 1 urban residential station 3 Urban residential stations NA 1 urban residential station 1 urban residential station 3 urban residential stations 1 Urban residential and 1 urban commercial stations 1 station, residential NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Temporal coverage (%)

AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI Sear AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI Afr AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI

Canada Canada Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America Australia United States of America United States of America Canada Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada Canada Canada Estonia United States of America Indonesia Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada Canada Australia Mauritius United States of America United States of America Australia Canada Canada United States of America Australia United States of America United States of America

Winnipeg Regina Calgary Amarillo, TX Bend, OR Colorado Springs, CO Gillette, WY Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA Redding, CA Salinas, CA Cadillac, MI Truckee-Grass Valley, CA Bathurst Laconia, NH Rock Springs, WY Moncton Bishop, CA Canberra Anchorage, AK Bismarck, ND Brandon Morrisburg Bennington, VT Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL Pictou Bradenton-Sarasota-Venice, FL Lebanon, NH-VT Rapid City, SD Saint John Cornwall Qubec Tallinn Fort Collins-Loveland, CO Pekanbaru Edmonton Corning, NY Homosassa Springs, FL Honolulu, HI Odessa, TX Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Goleta, CA Flin Flon Barrie Sydney Port Louis Eureka-Arcata-Fortuna, CA Grand Island, NE Wollongong Belleville Peterborough Burlington-South Burlington, VT Hobard : New Town Duluth, MN-WI Gainesville, FL

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009

1 urban residential and 1 urban commercial stations NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA 1 urban residential and 1 urban commercial station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA 1 station, suburb 91 NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 Urban residential station stations NA 1 urban residential station NA 4 Urban Residential stations NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 NA NA NA NA 1 Urban residential and 2 urban commercial stations NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA 1 urban residential station NA 4 stations, city NA 2 stations in St Louis 2 months/year NA NA NA NA 1 station NA 1 urban residential station NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA 1 station, urban background 87 NA NA NA NA

AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI

United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America Australia United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Australia United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Australia Canada United States of America Australia United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada Canada Canada Australia Canada

Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL 12 Bangor, ME 12 Boulder, CO /1 12 Jamestown-Dunkirk-Fredonia, NY 12 Torrington, CT 12 Flagstaff, AZ 12 Orlando-Kissimmee, FL 12 Port St. Lucie, FL 12 Guelph 12 Boise City-Nampa, ID 13 Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL 13 Launceston (Ti Tree bend) 13 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL 13 Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL 13 Rochester, NY 13 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Boynton Beach, FL 13 Oshawa 13 Lewiston-Auburn, ME 13 Lubbock, TX 13 Seneca, SC 13 Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ 13 Syracuse, NY 13 Port Phillip 13 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 13 Bozeman, MT 13 Drayton Valley 13 Greeley, CO /1 13 La Grande, OR 13 Pendleton-Hermiston, OR 13 Toronto 13 Boone, NC 13 Lawrenceburg, TN 13 Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY 13 Reno-Sparks, NV 13 San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA 13 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 13 Yuba City, CA 13 Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ 13 Augusta-Waterville, ME 13 El Centro, CA 13 Manchester-Nashua, NH 13 Missoula, MT 13 Perth Region 13 Port Stanley 13 Aberdeen, SD 14 Adelaide 14 Bay City, MI 14 Denver-Aurora-Broomfield, CO /1 14 Lincoln, NE 14 Essex 14 Brantford 14 London 14 Lower Hunter 14 Kingston 14

2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA 1 station, urban background NA NA NA NA 3 urban residential stations NA NA NA NA NA 1 residential/light industrial and 1 residential/industrial station NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA 7 urban residential and 4 urban commercial stations NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 urban background and 1 low density stations 1 Urban Commercial station NA 1 station, mixed are of light industrial, heavy traffic NA NA NA 1 Urban Commercial station 1 Urban Commercial station 1 Urban Commercial station 2 stations 1 urban residential station

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 84 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 99 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 99 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

AmrHI WprHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI

Canada Australia United States of America Australia United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Finland United Kingdom United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada Canada Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Ireland United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America

Kitchener Bunbury Concord, NH Darwin Houma-Bayou Cane-Thibodaux, LA Jacksonville, FL Portland-South Portland-Biddeford, ME Riverton, WY Oulu Wirral Alexandria, LA Charlottesville, VA El Paso, TX Hammond, LA Lynchburg, VA Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL Prineville, OR Sheridan, WY Mississauga Brigham City, UT Grants Pass, OR Kinston, NC Watertown, SD Allegan, MI Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ Brookings, SD Columbia, TN Jackson, TN Lafayette, LA Las Vegas-Paradise, NV Monroe, LA Norwich-New London, CT Rocky Mount, NC Flint, MI Greenville, NC Pittsfield, MA St. Cloud, MN Topeka, KS Rouyn-noranda St. Catharines Chatham Miami, OK Muskegon-Norton Shores, MI Lake Charles, LA Wichita, KS Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT Niles-Benton Harbor, MI Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA Dublin Athens, OH Cookeville, TN Lansing-East Lansing, MI Sioux City, IA-NE-SD Sioux Falls, SD

14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009

1 Urban Commercial station NA NA 99 NA NA 1 station, residential/light industrial NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential station NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA 1 Urban Commercial station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 4 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 91 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrLMI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI

Ireland United Kingdom United States of America United States of America Australia United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United Kingdom Hungary United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United Kingdom United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Brazil United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America

Cork 15 Edinburgh 15 Beckley, WV 15 Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA 15 Gladstone 15 Grenada, MS 15 Holland-Grand Haven, MI 15 Oakland-Fremont-Hayward, CA 15 Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA 15 Raleigh-Cary, NC 15 San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA 15 San Francisco-San Mateo-Redwood City, CA 15 Worcester, MA 15 Asheville, NC 16 Pascagoula, MS 16 Richmond, VA 16 Trenton-Ewing, NJ 16 Birmingham 16 Gyr 16 Lumberton, NC 16 Manitowoc, WI 16 Marshall, TX 16 San Antonio, TX 16 Springfield, MA 16 State College, PA 16 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC 16 Yuma, AZ 16 Hamilton 16 Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT 16 Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville, SC 16 Dothan, AL 16 Dover, DE 16 Natchez, MS-LA 16 Oklahoma City, OK 16 Rockford, IL 16 Springfield, MO 16 Yakima, WA 16 Liverpool 16 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 16 Burlington, NC 16 Fayetteville, NC 16 Greensboro-High Point, NC 16 Mobile, AL 16 Regiao Estado Sao Paulo (UGRHI 22) 16 Rutland, VT 16 Adrian, MI 16 Beaver Dam, WI 16 Brunswick, GA 16 Cleveland, MS 16 Columbus, MS 16 Corpus Christi, TX 16 Dyersburg, TN 16 Fort Payne, AL 16 Grand Junction, CO 16

2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009

0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 NA NA NA NA 1 station, industry/residential NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 46 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 Urban residential and 1 urban commercial stations NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI

United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Canada United Kingdom United Kingdom United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America

Helena-West Helena, AR 16 Kalispell, MT 16 Richmond-Berea, KY 16 Roanoke, VA 16 Seaford, DE 16 Tallahassee, FL 16 Vallejo-Fairfield, CA 16 Winston-Salem, NC 16 Butte-Silver Bow, MT 16 Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 16 Harrisonburg, VA 16 McAlester, OK 16 Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA 16 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 16 Tacoma, WA 16 Ann Arbor, MI 17 Baraboo, WI 17 Decatur, AL 17 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI 17 Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA 17 Memphis, TN-MS-AR 17 New Haven-Milford, CT 17 Tuscaloosa, AL 17 Chico, CA 17 Clarksville, TN-KY 17 El Dorado, AR 17 Huntsville, AL 17 Medford, OR 17 Austin-Round Rock, TX 17 Bloomington-Normal, IL 17 Fort Madison-Keokuk, IA-MO 17 Gulfport-Biloxi, MS 17 Hot Springs, AR 17 Kalamazoo-Portage, MI 17 Keene, NH 17 Michigan City-La Porte, IN 17 Mount Vernon, IL 17 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 17 Shreveport-Bossier City, LA 17 Windsor 17 Aberdeen 17 Leicester 17 Baton Rouge, LA 17 Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH 17 Boston-Quincy, MA 17 Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA 17 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 17 Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX 17 Florence, SC 17 Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 17 Gadsden, AL 17 Gainesville, GA 17 Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN 17 Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA 17

2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban residential and 1 urban commercial stations NA 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrLMI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI

United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Germany United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United Kingdom United Kingdom United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United Kingdom United Kingdom United States of America Brazil United States of America United States of America United States of America Luxembourg Spain United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America France United Kingdom France United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America

Peabody, MA Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH Savannah, GA Tupelo, MS Wolfsburg Athens-Clarke County, GA Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC Logan, UT-ID Monroe, MI Muskogee, OK Ogden-Clearfield, UT Salisbury, NC Searcy, AR Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR Blackpool Newcastle upon Tyne Appleton, WI Cedar Rapids, IA Frankfort, KY Las Cruces, NM Middlesborough, KY Spartanburg, SC Warner Robins, GA Winchester, VA-WV Kingston-upon-Hull Swansea Champaign-Urbana, IL Ibrit La Crosse, WI-MN Provo-Orem, UT Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA Luxembourg Santiago de Compostela Bowling Green, KY Iowa City, IA Kansas City, MO-KS Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA Springfield, IL Thomasville-Lexington, NC Limoges Coventry Le Mans Bethesda-Frederick-Rockville, MD Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC Chattanooga, TN-GA Columbia, SC Jackson, MS Lafayette, IN Meridian, MS Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI New Castle, IN Peoria, IL

17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 85 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 NA NA 1 station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 2 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI Sear EurHI WprHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurLMI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurLMI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurLMI AmrHI WprHI

United States of America United States of America France United Kingdom United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Monaco United States of America United States of America United States of America Bhutan Germany Australia United States of America United States of America United States of America Romania United Kingdom United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Sweden France France Poland United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America France France Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United Kingdom France United Kingdom United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Poland United States of America New Zealand

Tulsa, OK 18 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 18 Angers 18 Nottingham 18 Clarksburg, WV 18 Fort Smith, AR-OK 18 Fort Wayne, IN 18 Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC 18 Harriman, TN 18 Monaco 18 Morgantown, WV 18 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA 18 Russellville, AR 18 Thiumphu 18 Bremerhaven 18 Brisbane 18 Elizabethtown, KY 18 Portsmouth, OH 18 Reading, PA 18 Galai 18 Belfast 18 Decatur, IL 18 Eugene-Springfield, OR 18 Kokomo, IN 18 McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 18 New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA 18 Malm 18 Saint Brieuc 18 Rennes 18 Gdansk 18 Brownsville-Harlingen, TX 19 Green Bay, WI 19 Hattiesburg, MS 19 Lexington-Fayette, KY 19 Muncie, IN 19 Salt Lake City, UT 19 Metz 19 Dijon 19 Montral 19 Anderson, IN 19 Baltimore-Towson, MD 19 Pop-weighted mean cities >100,000 19 Preston 19 Clermont-Ferrand 19 Stoke-on-trent 19 Camden, NJ 19 Laurel, MS 19 Philadelphia, PA 19 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 19 Stockton, CA 19 Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ 19 Elbl?g 19 Clinton, IA 19 Dundedin 19

2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2006 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009

NA NA NA NA 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban traffic and 1 urban background stations NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background station in 1 city1 urban background station in 1 city NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 station, light industrial/residential NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 82 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 97 6 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 1 urban background, 2 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 89 1 urban residential and 6 urban commercial stations NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 86 1 urban background, 2 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 NA NA NA NA

EurLMI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurLMI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurLMI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrLMI WprHI AmrHI EurLMI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI

Belarus United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Germany United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Poland United States of America United States of America Germany Spain United States of America United States of America San Marino United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Poland Germany United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United Kingdom United Kingdom France United Kingdom United States of America Brazil New Zealand United States of America Belarus United States of America United States of America Italy France Poland Norway France United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Finland Spain

Gomel

19

Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR Platteville, WI Toledo, OH Vincennes, IN Rostock Columbus, OH Knoxville, TN Madison, WI Paducah, KY-IL Koszalin Akron, OH South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI Freiburg im Breisgau Logroo Birmingham-Hoover, AL Fairmont, WV San Marino York-Hanover, PA Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA Albany, GA Columbus, GA-AL Klamath Falls, OR Terre Haute, IN Zielona Gora Erlangen Canton-Massillon, OH Elkhart-Goshen, IN Johnstown, PA Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI Owensboro, KY Manchester Southend-on-Sea Toulouse Cardiff Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC Belo Horizonte Christchurch Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH
Mogilev

19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
20

Parkersburg-Marietta-Vienna, WV-OH St. Louis, MO-IL Campobasso Bayonne Walbrzych Bergen Lorient Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA Detroit-Livonia-Dearborn, MI Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI Helsinki Badajoz

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008

1 urban station 93 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 NA NA NA NA 1 station in centre of only city (urban traffic location) 97 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 81 0 urban background, 5 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 88 NA NA 2 stations NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban station 99 NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 84 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90

EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurLMI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrLMI AmrLMI WprHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurLMI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI

Germany Czech Republic Germany United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Poland United States of America United Kingdom United Kingdom Germany Germany United States of America United States of America United States of America United Kingdom Lithuania Germany Germany United States of America United States of America United States of America Germany Germany United States of America Brazil Brazil New Zealand Germany France Germany Germany United Kingdom Canada United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America France France France Spain Switzerland Germany Germany Czech Republic France Poland United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America

Solingen 20 2008 Cesk Budejovice 20 2008 Braunschweig 20 2008 Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA 20 2009 Lancaster, PA 20 2009 Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH 20 2009 Wheeling, WV-OH 20 2009 Olsztyn 20 2008 Macon, GA 21 2009 Bristol 21 2008 Southampton 21 2008 Saarbrcken 21 2008 Wiesbaden 21 2008 Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL 21 2009 Dayton, OH 21 2009 Springfield, OH 21 2009 Bournemouth 21 2008 Vilnius 21 2008 Mainz 21 2008 Lbeck 21 2008 Charleston, WV 21 2009 Evansville, IN-KY 21 2009 Muscatine, IA 21 2009 Karlsruhe 21 2008 Pforzheim 21 2008 Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX 21 2009 Regiao Estado Sao Paulo (UGRHI 2) 21 2009 Regiao Estado Sao Paulo (UGRHI 21) 21 2009 Wellington 21 2009 Ingolstadt 21 2008 Nimes 21 2008 Leverkusen 21 2008 Gttingen 21 2008 York 21 2008 Sarnia 21 2008 Edison-New Brunswick, NJ 21 2009 Nassau-Suffolk, NY 21 2009 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA2009 21 New York-White Plains-Wayne, NY-NJ 21 2009 Newark-Union, NJ-PA 21 2009 Nancy 21 2008 Nantes 21 2008 Saint Nazaire 21 2008 Vitoria/Gasteiz 21 2008 Zrich 21 2008 Kiel 21 2008 Ludwigshafen am Rhein 21 2008 Jihlava 21 2008 Pau 21 2008 Suwalki 21 2008 Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL 22 2009 Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI 22 2009 Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH 22 2009 Gary, IN 22 2009

0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 87 NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 NA NA 1 station NA 1 station NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 1 urban residential station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI AmrHI EurHI WprHI EurHI AmrLMI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI WprHI WprHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI

United States of America Germany France France Spain France United States of America United States of America Romania Netherlands Norway United States of America Germany New Zealand France Brazil Sweden Spain Netherlands United Kingdom Germany Switzerland Germany France United Kingdom United States of America Germany Spain Slovakia Spain Germany Portugal France United States of America Italy Belgium Germany Germany France Iceland Germany France Germany New Zealand Japan Poland Spain Spain France Germany United Kingdom Germany Germany Germany

Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI Mannheim Perpignan Poitiers Palma de Mallorca Saint Denis Indianapolis-Carmel, IN Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN Buzu Zaanstad Oslo Nogales, AZ Darmstadt Hamilton Bordeaux Betim Ume Valladolid Heerlen Sheffield Frankfurt am Main Genve Hannover Besanon Leeds Merced, CA Halle an der Saale San Sebastin/Donostia Bratislava Burgos Hamburg Matosinhos Caen Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Genova Antwerpen Krefeld Chemnitz Montpellier Reykjavik Osnabrck Reims Kln Auckland Tokyo Szczecin Pamplona/Irua Toledo Troyes Ulm Derry Mnchengladbach Nrnberg Bielefeld

22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23

2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008

NA NA 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 83 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 88 NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 79 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 91 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 97 NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 NA NA 4 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 1 station NA 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 0 urban background, 2 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 3 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 91 6 urban background, 0 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 NA NA 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 0 urban background, 5 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 85 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 0 urban background, 2 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 NA NA City general average NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 77 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95

EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI Sear EurLMI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI

Germany Czech Republic Germany United States of America France Spain Poland Sweden Austria Thailand Poland France United Kingdom Switzerland Germany Germany France Hungary Italy Netherlands France France United Kingdom Lithuania Germany Austria France France United States of America United States of America United States of America France France United States of America United States of America France Germany Germany Germany Slovakia France Norway Croatia Belgium Germany Netherlands France Germany Romania Italy France Poland Belgium Denmark

Magdeburg Plzen Gera Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ Brest Marbella Torun Gteborg Salzburg Khon Kaen Bialystok Angouleme Portsmouth Bern Bonn Aachen Tours Debrecen Perugia Amsterdam Fort-de-France Orlans Glasgow Paneveys Kassel Wien Annecy Pointe-a-Pitre Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA Santa Ana-Anaheim-Irvine, CA Mulhouse Rouen Pittsburgh, PA San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA La Rochelle Potsdam Duisburg Erfurt Nitra Avignon Trondheim Rijeka Gent Augsburg Dordrecht Amiens Mlheim a.d.Ruhr Oradea Cagliari Chambery Bydgoszcz Lige Kbenhavn

24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26

2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008

1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 4 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 2 urban background, 1 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 87 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 station NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 89 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 2 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 2 suburban background, 7 urban traffic, and 2 traffic suburban stations 92 0 urban background, 2 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 3 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 NA NA NA NA 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 1 urban traffic station 96 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 78 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 4 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 0 urban background, 2 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 91 1 urban background, 2 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 86

EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurLMI AmrLMI EurLMI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrHI AmrHI EurHI WprLMI WprHI AmrLMI EurLMI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurLMI Sear EurHI EurHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrLMI AmrLMI Sear EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurHI WprLMI

Spain France Portugal Germany Italy Germany Germany Czech Republic Belarus Brazil Belarus France Netherlands Czech Republic Spain United States of America France Slovakia Germany Spain United States of America Czech Republic Portugal Italy Spain Belgium United States of America United States of America Germany Malaysia Japan Brazil Romania Germany Spain Germany Germany Denmark Poland Thailand Germany Netherlands United States of America France France Germany Brazil Costa Rica Thailand Germany Portugal Poland Germany Malaysia

Madrid Saint-Etienne Maia Wuppertal Livorno Berlin Bremen Pardubice

Minsk

26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26
26

Regiao Estado Sao Paulo (UGRHI 19)

Zhlobin

26
26

Douai s' Gravenhage Zln Salamanca Hanford-Corcoran, CA Strasbourg Trencn Mnchen Mstoles Visalia-Porterville, CA Praha Funchal Taranto Matar Charleroi Hilo, HI Modesto, CA Frankfurt (Oder) Limbang Osaka Regiao Estado Sao Paulo (UGRHI 13) Bacau Mnster Oviedo Gelsenkirchen Regensburg rhus Lublin Chon Buri Essen Breda Fairbanks, AK Cayenne Maubeuge Dortmund Mdio Paraiba San Jose Yala Reutlingen Braga Gdynia Leipzig Miri

26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28

2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008

1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 6 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 98 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 87 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 4 urban background, 1 suburban background, 5 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 3 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban station 96 1 station NA 1 urban station 100 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 85 NA NA 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 4 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 NA NA 2 urban background, 4 suburban background, 8 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 90 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 75 0 urban background, 2 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 89 NA NA NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 NA NA Excluding roadside stations NA 3 stations NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 84 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 98 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 4 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 3 stations NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 96 NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 8 stations NA NA NA 1 station NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 91 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 NA NA

AmrLMI AmrLMI AmrLMI AmrHI EurHI EurHI EurLMI Sear EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI Sear EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI AmrLMI AmrLMI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurLMI EurLMI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurLMI EurLMI EurHI EurLMI AmrLMI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurLMI WprLMI EurHI

Brazil Brazil Brazil United States of America Belgium Germany Poland Thailand France France France Italy France Sweden Netherlands Thailand Austria Hungary Italy United Kingdom Germany Poland Spain Czech Republic Panama Brazil Germany Germany France Romania Poland Poland Italy Malta France Czech Republic Slovenia France Poland Poland Poland Italy Poland Mexico Portugal Austria Spain France Slovakia Spain France Poland Malaysia Italy

Regiao Estado Sao Paulo (UGRHI 10) Regiao Estado Sao Paulo (UGRHI 15) Regiao Estado Sao Paulo (UGRHI 4) Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA Bruxelles / Brussel Stuttgart Wloclawek Phuket Grenoble Ajaccio Lens - Livin Novara Le Havre Stockholm Rotterdam Narathiwat Linz Budapest Trento London Dsseldorf Kalisz Santander Kladno Panama Regio Metropolitana Curitiba Cottbus Weimar Aix-en-Provence Botoani Ldz Poznan Prato Zeijtun Lille Liberec Ljubljana Montbeliard Plock Kielce Rzeszw Forli Radom Zona Metropolitana Puebla Tlaxcala Lisboa Graz Bilbao Toulon Koice Jerez de la Frontera Marseille Opole Sri Aman Ancona

28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 31

2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008

1 station NA 1 station NA 1 station NA NA NA 0 urban background, 3 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 4 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 89 1 station NA 2 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 0 urban background, 2 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 85 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 76 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 station NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 2 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 4 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 91 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 84 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 3 stations NA 4 stations (1 residential, 1 center, 2 industrial/center) - 2 industrial discarded (although mean did not change much) NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 86 3 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 4 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 1 uban background station 93 3 urban background, 2 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 88 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 85 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 82 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 NA NA 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 2 urban background, 3 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 2 urban background, 2 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90

EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI WprHI EurHI EurLMI Sear EurHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI Sear EurHI WprLMI EurHI Afr Sear EurHI AmrLMI EurHI WprLMI EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurHI EurLMI EurLMI AmrHI EurLMI EurHI WprLMI EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurHI EurHI EurHI Sear WprLMI EurLMI EurHI Sear AmrLMI AmrLMI WprLMI EurHI EurHI

Germany Spain Denmark France Poland Spain Spain Singapore Czech Republic Poland Thailand Spain Russian Federation France Spain Czech Republic Slovakia Italy Thailand France Malaysia Italy South Africa Thailand Italy Ecuador Iceland Malaysia Italy France Poland Croatia Poland Poland United States of America Poland Italy Malaysia Slovakia Italy Poland Italy Bulgaria Italy India Malaysia Poland Italy Thailand Peru Venezuela Malaysia Croatia Bulgaria

Dresden Crdoba Odense Valenciennes Gorzw Wielkopolski Mlaga Cdiz Singapore Brno Warszawa Surat Thani Jan Moscow Nice Albacete st nad Labem ilina Ravenna Chiang Rai Lyon Sandakan Catania Ethkwini (Durban) Chachoengsao Palermo Quito Akureyri Labuan (Victoria) Parma Antibes Legnica Zagreb Czestochowa Jelenia Gora Fresno, CA Wroclaw Roma Kangar Preov Firenze Bytom Rimini Ruse Venezia Amritsar Sarikei Bielsko-Biala Bologna Songkhla Callao Caracas Sibu Osijek Stara Zagora

31 31 31 31 31 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 36 36 36 36 36 37 37 37 37 37 37 37

2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2010 2008 2008 2008 2008

0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 77 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 85 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 11 stations in urban background, industrial, commercial, suburban and roadside locations distributed all over Singapore NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 5 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 1 station NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 2 urban background and 4 suburban background stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 1 station NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 96 NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 86 2 traffic stations and one background station NA 1 station NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 6 urban traffic, and 2 traffic suburban stations 93 7 stations NA 1 urban traffic station 53 NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 91 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 3 urban traffic stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 87 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 91 4 urban background, 0 suburban background, 4 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 80 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 1 station NA 1 station NA 3 stations NA NA NA 1 urban traffic station 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90

EurHI EurHI AmrHI EurHI EurHI AmrLMI WprLMI AmrLMI WprLMI AmrLMI AmrLMI EurLMI EurHI WprLMI AmrLMI WprLMI WprLMI WprLMI EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurLMI EurHI Sear WprLMI Sear WprLMI EurHI Sear WprLMI EurHI AmrLMI EurHI AmrLMI Sear Sear EurHI Afr WprLMI EurLMI EurHI EurHI Sear AmrLMI AmrLMI EurHI EurLMI EurHI AmrLMI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI Sear

Italy Italy United States of America Czech Republic France Ecuador Malaysia Argentina China Brazil Brazil Latvia Spain Malaysia Uruguay Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Bulgaria Italy Poland Poland Spain Thailand Malaysia India Malaysia Italy India Malaysia Italy Chile Greece Mexico Thailand Thailand Italy Algeria Malaysia Poland Greece Malta Indonesia Chile Chile Greece Serbia Italy Venezuela Israel Italy Greece Italy Thailand

Reggio nell Emilia Pescara Bakersfield, CA Ostrava Paris Cuenca Alor Setar Buenos Aires Haikou Regio Metropolitana Sao Paulo Regiao Estado Sao Paulo (UGRHI 5) Riga Torrejn de Ardoz Gombak Montevideo Putrajaya Seremban Tawau Burgas Cremona Dabrowa Grnicza Gliwice Granada Rayong Keningau Kochi Port Dickson Bergamo Madurai Sungai Petani Brescia Arica Athens Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara Khlong Luang Chiang Mai Modena Alger Ipoh Katowice Volos Msida Jakarta Arauco Valparaiso Larissa Beograd Padova Maracay Haifa Napoli Patra Milano Lampang

37 37 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 41 41 41 41 41 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 44 44 44 44 44 45

2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2009 2008 2010 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2006 2008 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008

2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 NA NA 2 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 92 2 stations, center and south (the one located 300 m from industrial parc was discarded) NA NA NA 2 stations in Residential/commercial zone with fixed sources, and 1 station in mixed zone, medium to low traffic, with fixed sources. 6-10 months/year, according to the station NA NA 20 stations NA 8 stations NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 NA NA 3 stations NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 82 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 4 stations NA NA NA 3 residential and other areas stations (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 2 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 NA NA 4 urban traffic and 4 suburban background stations 85 NA NA 1 station NA 1 station NA 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 2 stations in capital city NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 1 urban traffic station 97 1 urban traffic station 88 3 stations operational in the city NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban traffic station 81 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 1 station NA 1 residential station NA 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 78 1 urban traffic station 96 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 4 stations NA

AmrLMI WprLMI WprLMI EurHI EurHI EurLMI Sear Sear Sear EmrLMI WprLMI WprLMI EurHI AmrLMI AmrLMI EurLMI Sear AmrLMI AmrLMI AmrLMI AmrLMI EurLMI WprLMI AmrLMI WprHI WprLMI AmrLMI Sear AmrLMI AmrLMI Sear WprLMI WprLMI AmrLMI Sear EurLMI Sear EurLMI WprLMI Sear AmrLMI AmrLMI WprHI WprLMI WprLMI AmrLMI AmrLMI EmrLMI AmrLMI EurHI WprHI EurLMI AmrLMI Sear

Mexico Malaysia Malaysia Spain Spain Poland Thailand Thailand Thailand Tunisia Malaysia Philippines Italy Jamaica Mexico Romania India Guatemala El Salvador Brazil Chile Romania Malaysia Chile Republic of Korea Malaysia Chile Thailand Chile Mexico Thailand China China Chile Indonesia Romania Thailand Poland Malaysia Thailand Chile Mexico Republic of Korea Malaysia Malaysia Mexico Chile Lebanon Mexico Cyprus Republic of Korea Romania Colombia Thailand

Irapuato 45 Kajang 45 Kuala Selangor 45 Sevilla 45 Zaragoza 45 Zabrze 45 Nakhon Sawan 46 Nakhon Ratchasima 47 Bang Kruai 47 Ben Arous 47 Muar (Bandar Maharani) 47 Metro Manila 47 Torino 47 Kingston 48 Celaya 48 Bucuresti 48 Chennai 48 Guatemala city 48 San Salvador 48 Regiao Estado Sao Paulo (UGRHI 7), Cubatao)48 Temuco 49 Craiova 49 Bintulu 49 Concepcion 49 Daejeon 49 Kuala Lumpur 49 Talca 49 Pak Kret 49 Calama 50 Silao 50 Ratchaburi 50 Lhasa 50 Nanning 50 Alto Hospicio (Iquique) 50 Bandung 51 Timisoara 51 Krathum Baen 51 Nowy Sacz 51 Kuala Terengganu 51 Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 51 Chillan 52 Zona Metropolitana del Valle de Mexico 52 Gwangju 52 Johor Bahru 52 Perai 52 Leon 52 La Calera 53 Beirut 53 Salamanca 53 Nicosia 53 Ulsan 53 Iasi 54 Calli 54 Bangkok 54

2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2006 2008 2007 2008 2008 2009 2008 2008 2008 2007 2009 2004 2008 2008 2007 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2009 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2007 2009 2007 2008 2008 2009 2007 2004 2009 2007 2007 2008 2005 2008

NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 97 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 1 station NA 1 station NA 1 station NA 1 station NA NA NA 3 stations in Metro Manila NA 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 1 station in residential area NA NA NA 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 82 2 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 1 station in residential area NA 3 stations NA 3 stations NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 79 NA NA NA NA 9 monitoring stations, from urban background, roadside, commercial locations. NA NA NA NA NA 1 station NA NA NA NA NA 1 station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3 stations operational in the city NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 91 1 station NA 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 NA NA 1 station NA NA NA NA NA 9 monitoring stations, from urban background, roadside, commercial locations. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 7 stations in Beirut According to the station, ranging from 5 measurements per year to every 6 day NA NA 1 urban traffic station 99 14 monitoring stations, from urban background, roadside, commercial locations. NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 82 NA NA 6 roadside and 8 general stations in Bangkok, and 31 stations in 22 other cities NA

WprHI WprLMI EmrLMI EurLMI EurLMI AmrLMI Sear Sear EurHI AmrLMI AmrLMI EurHI Sear AmrLMI AmrLMI EurHI Sear EurLMI EurLMI EurHI EurHI EurLMI EurHI WprHI EurLMI AmrLMI WprHI WprHI Afr WprLMI WprHI WprHI EurLMI WprLMI EurLMI AmrLMI Afr EurLMI WprLMI AmrLMI Afr WprHI WprHI EurHI Sear AmrLMI EurHI AmrLMI WprLMI EmrLMI Sear WprLMI WprLMI AmrLMI

Republic of Korea Incheon Malaysia Shah Alam Tunisia Sousse Poland Rybnik Turkey Izmir Chile Antofagasta India Coimbatore Thailand Phra Pradaeng Greece Thessaloniki El Salvador Soyapango Panama San Miguelito Bulgaria Pleven India Vadodara Mexico Tijuana Venezuela Barcelona / Puerto La Cruz Israel Modi'in Thailand Saraburi Turkey Istanbul The former Yugoslav Republic ofKocani Macedonia Israel Tel Aviv Israel Jerusalem Turkey Trabzon Israel Ashkelon Republic of Korea Suwon Poland Krakw Brazil Regio Metropolitana Rio Janeiro Republic of Korea Bucheon Republic of Korea Daegu United Republic of Tanzania Dar es Salaam China Fuzhou Republic of Korea Seongnam Republic of Korea Seoul The former Yugoslav Republic ofVeles Macedonia Malaysia Klang Turkey Edirne Mexico Zona Metropolitana del Valle de Toluca South Africa Joburg The former Yugoslav Republic ofBitola Macedonia China Kunming Colombia Medellin Madagascar Antanananrivo Republic of Korea Anyang Republic of Korea Busan Bulgaria Sofia Indonesia Surbaya Chile Santiago Bulgaria Plovdiv Mexico Zona Metropolitana de Juarez China Guangzhou Iran (Islamic Republic of) Shiraz Bangladesh Chittagong China Guiyang China Hohhot Chile Rancagua

54 2007 20 monitoring stations, from urban background, roadside, commercial locations. NA 54 2008 NA NA 54 2006 1 station NA 54 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 55 2008 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 87 55 2007 NA NA 55 2008 2 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 55 2008 2 stations NA 56 2008 1 urban traffic station 81 56 2007 1 station NA 56 2009 1 station NA 57 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 90 57 2008 2 residential and other areas stations (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 57 2009 NA NA 58 2008 1 station NA 58 2009 1 residential station NA 59 2008 1 station NA 59 2008 9 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 59 2008 1 urban traffic station 70 60 2009 2 urban traffic and background stations NA 60 2009 1 commercial urban station NA 60 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 78 61 2007 NA NA 62 2007 NA NA 64 2008 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 64 2009 11 stations NA 64 2007 NA NA 64 2007 13 monitoring stations, from urban background, roadside, commercial locations. NA 64 2005-2006 2 roadside stations 4 months per year, in wet season and dry season 64 2009 NA NA 64 2007 NA NA 64 2007 40 monitoring stations, from urban background, roadside, commercial locations. NA 64 2008 1 urban traffic station 96 65 2008 NA NA 65 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 86 66 2009 NA NA 66 2009 4 background station, and 1 mixed station (urban, commercial, industrial) NA 66 2008 1 urban traffic station 76 67 2009 NA NA 68 2007 NA NA 68 2003 5 stations in various neighbourhaod of capital city 3 months/year 68 2007 NA NA 68 2007 19 monitoring stations, from urban background, roadside, commercial locations. NA 68 2008 0 urban background, 3 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 95 69 2008 3 stations operational in the city NA 69 2007 NA NA 70 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 70 2009 NA NA 70 2009 NA NA 70 2009 1 urban traffic, 1 residential and commercial 100 71 2007 1 station NA 74 2009 NA NA 74 2009 NA NA 74 2007 NA NA

AmrLMI Sear EurLMI AmrLMI AmrLMI WprLMI AmrLMI Sear Sear EurLMI WprLMI Sear EmrLMI AmrLMI EurLMI EurLMI WprLMI EmrLMI Sear EmrLMI EmrLMI Sear EmrLMI Sear Sear Sear WprLMI AmrLMI Sear WprLMI Sear EurLMI Sear EmrLMI WprLMI Afr Sear EurLMI Sear WprLMI EurLMI WprLMI WprLMI WprLMI EmrLMI EmrLMI EurLMI EurLMI WprLMI WprLMI WprLMI EmrLMI WprLMI Sear

Mexico Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey Sri Lanka Colombo Turkey Antalya Colombia Bogota Peru Lima China Nanchang Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Cochabamba India Ahmedabad India Nashik The former Yugoslav Republic ofSkopje Macedonia China Shanghai India Surat Iran (Islamic Republic of) Tabriz Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Santa Cruz de la Sierra The former Yugoslav Republic ofTetovo Macedonia Turkey Balikesir China Changchun Tunisia Bizerte India Hyderabad Tunisia Sfax Tunisia Tunis India Visakhapatnam Iran (Islamic Republic of) Mashhad Myanmar Mandalay India Rajkot India Bangalore China Yinchuan Mexico Tecate India Vijayawada China Changsha India Bhopal Turkey Erzurum Myanmar Yangon Iran (Islamic Republic of) Tehran China Hangzhou Ghana Accra India Nagpur Turkey Hatay India Pune China Zhengzhou Turkey Denizli China Nanjing China Harbin China Tianjin Iran (Islamic Republic of) Arak Iran (Islamic Republic of) Hamedan Turkey Kars Turkey Konya China Shijiazhuang China Chongqing China Wuhan Iran (Islamic Republic of) Esfahan China Taiyuan India Varanasi

76 77 77 77 78 79 80 80 80 80 81 81 82 83 84 84 85 86 87 87 87 87 87 87 89 90 90 90 91 92 93 95 96 96 97 98 98 98 99 99 100 100 101 101 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 105 106 106

2009 2008 2008 2007 2010 2009 2007 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2007 2008 2008 2009 2006 2008 2006 2006 2008 2009 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2008 2008 2007 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2008

NA NA 1 station in city centre NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 77 NA NA 3 stations NA NA NA 1 station, most probably residential NA 4 residential and other areas (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 2 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 3 urban traffic stations 64 NA NA 2 residential and other areas stations (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 2 urban traffic, 2 residential and commercial 67 2 low trafic stations NA 1 urban traffic station 98 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 80 NA NA 1 station NA 4 residential and other areas stations (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 1 station NA 1 station NA 4 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 3 urban trafiic, 2 residential and commerial, 1 urban and suburban 100 1 commeracial and one residential station Limited to 2 point measurements 1 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 2 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA NA NA NA NA 1 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA NA NA 3 residential and other areas stations (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 87 1 commercial and 1 residential station Limited to 2 point measurements 9 urban traffic, 10 residential and commercial, 6 urban and sub-urban, 1 industrial 100 NA NA 4 residential and 1 roadside station in Accra NA 4 residential and other areas stations (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 88 2 residential and other areas stations (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA NA NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 91 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3 urbantraffic, 2 residential and commercial, 1urban and sub-urban 83 1 residential and commercial 57 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 77 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 88 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 urban traffic, 2 residential and commercial 100 NA NA 2 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA

Sear EmrHI WprLMI WprLMI WprLMI Sear Sear EmrLMI WprLMI Sear EmrHI EurLMI Sear WprLMI EmrHI Afr EmrHI WprLMI EmrLMI EmrLMI Sear EmrHI EmrLMI Sear Sear Sear Sear AmrLMI EmrLMI Sear WprLMI WprLMI EmrHI Afr EurLMI Sear WprLMI EmrHI EmrHI EmrHI Sear EmrLMI Sear EmrLMI EmrLMI EmrLMI Sear EmrLMI EmrLMI Sear EmrLMI Sear EmrLMI Afr

Nepal Saudi Arabia China China China Indonesia India Iran (Islamic Republic of) China India United Arab Emirates Bosnia and Herzegovina India China Saudi Arabia Nigeria Kuwait China Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iran (Islamic Republic of) India Saudi Arabia Iran (Islamic Republic of) India India Bangladesh India Mexico Egypt India China China Saudi Arabia Senegal Turkey India China Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates India Iran (Islamic Republic of) India Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iran (Islamic Republic of) Pakistan India Pakistan Pakistan India Pakistan India Iran (Islamic Republic of) Botswana

Kathmandu Valley Yanbu Shenyang Chengdu Hefei Medan Jaipur Qazvin Xi'an Meerut Abu Dhabi Sarajevo Patna Beijing Dammam Lagos Kuwait City Jinan Kerman Bushehr Allahabad Jeddah Ilam Dhanbad Mumbai Dhaka Jabalpur Mexicali Greater Cairo Faridabad Urumqi Xining Makkah Dakar Van Kolkata Lanzhou Al-Hafouf Riyadh Al Ain Agra khoramabad Indore Qom Uromiyeh Rawalpindi Lucknow Islamabad Karachi Delhi Lahore Kanpur Yasouj Gaborone

106 108 110 111 111 111 112 112 113 115 117 117 120 121 121 122 123 123 125 125 128 129 129 131 132 134 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 145 146 148 150 151 157 158 165 168 174 176 183 185 186 189 193 198 200 209 215 216

2005 2003 2009 2009 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2003 2006 2004 2009 2009 2009 2008 2003 2009 2008 2008 2007 2008 2009 2008 2008 2009 2009 2003 2010 2008 2008 2009 2003 2003 2008 2008 2009 2008 2009 2009 2003-2004 2008 2003-2004 2003-2004 2008 2003-2004 2008 2009 2005

1 urban roadside, 1 urban background, 1 urban residential and 1 suburban station NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4 residential and other areas stations (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 1 urban traffic 20 NA NA 2 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 1 down-town, 2 urban/residential and 1 roadside stations NA 1 urban background station 88 2 residential and other areas stations (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 station in city centre NA NA NA 1 urban traffic, 1 residential and commercial 100 1 residential and commercial 20 2 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA NA NA 1 residential and commercial 100 1 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 2 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 1 station in 1 city (capital), City Centre (Parliament) NA 1 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA NA NA 3 traffic, 9 residential and 3 mixed industrial/residential stations NA 1 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3 stations, two in traffic area and one urban background NA 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 6 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 road-side and 1 residential station NA 1 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 1 urban traffic, 1 residential and commercial 48 2 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 1 urban traffic, 1 residential and commercial 15 1 urban traffic, 1 residential and commercial 100 5 monitoring stations in the city 8 days over a 1-year period. 4 residential and other areas stations (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 3 monitoring stations in the city 8 days over a 1-year period. 10 monitoring stations in the city 8 days over a 1-year period. 6 residential and other areas station (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 7 monitoring stations in the city 8 days over a 1-year period. 3 residential and other areas stations (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) NA 1 urban green area 20 1 station, city centre 10 monthly means

EmrLMI EmrLMI EmrLMI Sear EmrLMI WprLMI EmrLMI

Pakistan Iran (Islamic Republic of) Pakistan India Iran (Islamic Republic of) Mongolia Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Peshawar Kermanshah Quetta Ludhiana Sanandaj Ulaanbaatar Ahwaz

219 2003-2004 5 monitoring stations in the city 229 2009 1 residential and commercial 251 2003-2004 3 monitoring stations in the city 251 2008 2 residential and other areas stations (exluding industrial and sensitive areas) 254 2009 1 urban traffic, 1 residential and commercial 279 2008 1 station at national University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 372 2009 1 urban traffic and 3 residential and commercial

8 days over a 1-year period. 62 8 days over a 1-year period. NA 35 2 days per week 100

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European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 2 May 2011. European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 2 May 2011. USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) Queensland Government, Department of Environment and Resource Management. Queensland 2009 air monitoring report. 2010. USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. 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USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. 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USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 2 May 2011. USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. Air quality trends by city, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/factbook.html (accessed 12 May 2011) USEPA. 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Annual mean PM10 (Particulate matter with diameter of 10 m or less), by country

Annual mean PM10 Year Number and location Temporal coverage ug/m3 of stations (%) 42 2006 2 stations in capital city NA 38 2010 2 stations in Residential/commercial zone with fixed sources, and 1 station in mixed zone, medium to low traffic, with fixed sources. 6-10 months/year, according to the station 13 2009 18 stations in 10 cities; urban background, cities above 100,000 90 25 2008 5 urban background, 5 suburban background, 13 urban traffic, and 2 traffic suburban stations 96 120 2007 2 stations in 2 cities NA 24 2008 4 urban stations 97 26 2008 2 urban background, 12 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 95 18 2006 1 urban background station in 1 city NA 82 2007 3 residential/low traffic stations in 2 cities NA 117 2,008 1 urban background station 88 216 2005 1 station, city centre 10 monthly means 40 2009 68 stations in 4 States NA 60 2008 3 urban background, 5 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 93 13 2008 118 stations in 70 agglomerations over 2,000 inhabitants,NA urban residential and 40 urban commercial locations 78 62 2007-2008 NA NA 98 2009 NA NA 71 2005-2007 NA NA 28 2007 NA NA 33 2008 5 urban traffic stations in 3 cities 97 53 2007 1 urban traffic station 99 29 2008 13 urban background, 9 suburban background, 15 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 27 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 85.5 35 2009 9 stations in 2 cities NA 138 2008 2 traffic, 9 residential and 3 mixed industrial/residential stations NA 52 2007 4 stations in 2 cities NA 11 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 89.9 19 2008 1 urban background, 1 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 27 2008 69 urban background, 36 suburban background, 22 urban94 traffic, and 4 traffic suburban stations 25 2008 53 urban background, 20 suburban background, 84 urban98 traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 2008 4 residential and 1 roadside station in Accra NA 44 2008 11 urban traffic and suburban background stations in 5 cities 88 48 2008 1 station in residential area, capital city NA 27 2008 3 urban background, 2 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 80 24 2008 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 94 109 2008 Mean in residential areas measured in 25 States NA 55 2008 10 stations in 4 major cities NA 15 2008 1 urban background, 5 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 92 59 2009 1 urban traffic, 3 residential and 1 commercial urban stations NA 37 2008 30 urban background, 6 suburban background, 43 urban traffic, and 4 traffic suburban stations 92 48 2008 1 station in residential area NA 22 2008 47 monitoring stations in residential and other areas (excluding roadside stations) NA 123 2003 1 station in city centre NA 39 2008 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 95 53 2004 7 stations in Beirut According to the station, ranging from 5 measurements per year to every 6 days 21 2008 3 urban background, 0 suburban background, 1 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 18 2008 0 urban background, 1 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99

Region Afr AmrLMI WprHI EurHI Sear EurLMI EurHI Sear AmrLMI EurLMI Afr AmrLMI EurHI AmrHI AmrLMI WprLMI AmrLMI AmrLMI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrLMI EmrLMI AmrLMI EurHI EurHI EurHI EurHI Afr EurHI AmrLMI EurHI EurHI Sear Sear EurHI EurHI EurHI AmrLMI WprHI EmrHI EurLMI EmrLMI EurLMI EurHI

Country Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Finland France Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Kuwait Latvia Lebanon Lithuania Luxembourg

EurLMI Afr WprLMI EurHI Afr AmrLMI EurHI WprLMI Sear Sear EurHI WprHI Afr EurHI EmrLMI AmrLMI AmrLMI WprLMI EurLMI EurHI WprHI EurLMI EurLMI EurHI EmrHI Afr EurLMI WprHI EurHI EurHI Afr EurHI Sear EurHI EurHI Afr Sear EmrLMI EurLMI EmrHI EurHI AmrHI AmrLMI AmrLMI EmrLMI

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Madagascar Malaysia Malta Mauritius Mexico Monaco Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria Norway Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation San Marino Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland United Republic of Tanzania Thailand Tunisia Turkey United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States of America Uruguay Venezuela Iran (Islamic Republic of)

70 2008 7 urban traffic stations 81 68 2003 5 stations in various neighbourhoods of capital city 3 months/year 42 2008 51 sampling stations NA 35 2007 2 stations in urban background and traffic locations in two localities 91 12 2009 2 stations in St Louis 2 months/year 55 2009 NA NA 18 2008 1 urban traffic and 1 urban background stations NA 279 2008 1 station at national University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar2 days per week 94 2007 2 commercial and 2 residential stations in 2 cities Limited to 2 point measurements 106 2005 1 urban roadside, 1 urban background, 1 urban residential and 1 suburban station NA 26 2008 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 96 22 2009 Several monitoring stations in main population centres NA 124 2006 14 stations in 14 cities NA 22 2008 2 urban background, 0 suburban background, 4 urban traffic, and 1 traffic suburban stations 95 198 2003-2004 33 stations in 6 cities 8 days over a 1-year period. 40 2009 Location NA 74 2010 4 stations NA 47 2007 3 stations in Metro Manila NA 33 2008 65 urban background, 0 suburban background, 9 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 28 2008 4 urban background, 3 suburban background, 5 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 61 2007 More than 100 monitoring stations throughout the country, generally urban background locations; further information on location of monitoring station: http://www.airkorea.or.kr/airkore NA 42 2008 9 urban background, 2 suburban background, 3 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 82 32.5 2009 4 suburban and 2 urban stations 97 20 2009 1 station in centre of only city (urban traffic location) 97 143 2003 NA NA 145 2010 2 stations, two in traffic area and one urban background NA 43 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 92 32 2009 11 stations in urban background, industrial, commercial, suburban and roadside locations distributed all over Singapore NA 27 2008 7 urban background, 0 suburban background, 2 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 98 30 2008 1 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 99 52 2009 9 stations in 2 cities (many other stations exist in the country but could not be accessed) NA 29 2008 17 urban background, 13 suburban background, 23 urban94 traffic, and 2 traffic suburban stations 77 2008 1 station in city centre NA 25 2008 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 97 22 2008 1 urban background, 4 suburban background, 6 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 100 64 2005-2006 2 roadside stations 4 months per year, in wet season and dry season 41 2008 Annual average from 53 stations in 21 provinces of the country NA 80 2006 5 stations in 5 cities NA 66 2008 21 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 86 132 2008 6 stations in 2 cities, urban, residential and roadside, but not industrial NA 23 2008 0 urban background, 0 suburban background, 0 urban traffic, and 0 traffic suburban stations 93 18 2008 728 sites in 375 locations throughout the country NA 39 2009 3 stations in capital city NA 41 2008 5 stations in 3 cities NA 124 2009 68 monitoring stations in 18 cities 68%

Distribution of urban population into pollution levels (in %) Urban Reported or (based on city means) population calculated ug/m3 Reference coverage mean (%) <20 20-30 30-50 50-70 70-90 90-110 110-130 130-170 170-210 Total Samasafia. Rapport Annuel 2006. Ministre de l'Amnagement du Territoire, de l'Environnement et du Tourisme. Alger,NA 15% Reported 2006. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Buenos Aires Ciudad. Calidad Ambiental - Laboratorio. 2011. 35% Calculated NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Environmental Protection Authority, ACT air quality report 2009, June 2010. Northern Territory Government. Northern Territory Air Monitoring Report 2009. NSW Government, New South Wales Annual Compliance Report 100% Queensland Government, Departm 89% Calculated 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2009. European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 38% Calculated 0% 89% 11% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Clean Air Inititive Asia, CitiesACT database, 2010. www.citiesact.org (accessed 2 February 2011) Calculated 41% NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 39 Calculated 18% 82% 0% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 22% Calculated 0% 100% 0% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Strategy for Air Quality assessment and management in Bhutan, National Environment Commission Secretariat, Bhutan,NA 40% Reported 2010 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference 39 Calculated 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessedNA 21% Calculated NA NA NA 2 May 2011. NA NA NA NA NA NA Botswana Environmental Information System, Ambient Air Quality PM10. Ministry of Environment, Calculated Tourism. 2011. NA 27% Wildlife and NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Relatorio Annual da Qualidade do Ar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; 2009 Qualidade do Ar No EstadoCalculated 33 de Sao Paulo. Monitoramento da Qualidade do Ar na22% 1% 29% 48% Regio Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte em 2009. Relatorio da qualidade do ar na regiao metropolitana de Cu 0% 0.0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 2 May 2011. 40% Calculated 0% 0% 31% 69% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Environment Canada. Ground-level Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations 78% Calculated at Monitoring Stations,100% Canada, 2008 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Sistema Nacional de Informacion Ambiental (SINIA).Informe - Relacion de la norma de calidad primaria MP2.5 con la nirma de calidad primaria de MP10. (accessed 3 May 2011). 62 Calculated 0% 0% 27% 71% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% China Statistical Yearbook 2010. Nattional Bureau of Statistics, 2010. 24% Calculated 0% 0% 1% 5% 28% 36% 25% 3% 2% 100% Secretaria Distrital Ambiente - Informe Annual de Qualidad del Aire Bogota; Redaire - Red de Vigilancia de la calidad del aire, Medellin; Departamento Administrativo de Gestion0% Medio Ambiente - Informe Calidad del Aire, Calli 34 Calculated 0% 0% 0% 38% 62% de 0% 0% 0% 100% Ministerio de Ambiente, Energia y Telecomunicaciones (MINAET) - Direccin de Gestin de Calidad Ambiental; http://www.digeca.go.cr/documentos/aire/SEGUNDO%20INFORME%20CALIDAD%20DE%20AIRE%20FINAL%202.pdf (accessed 29 May 2011) 55 Calculated NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 37% Calculated 0% 16% 84% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available 100% http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessedNA from: Calculated NA NA NA 2 May 2011. NA NA NA NA NA NA European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 35% Calculated 0% 70% 30% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 21% Calculated 0% 81% 19% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Informe de la Calidad del Aire del Distrito Metropolitano Quito 2009. Informe de la calidad del Aire Cuenca, 2009. 22 Calculated 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Egypt State of Environment Report 2007Egypt State of Environment Report 2007 21 Reported NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Perfil de proyecto - Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Direccion General de Inspectoria Ambiental 0% 14 Calculated 0% 57% 43% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessedNA 43% Calculated NA NA NA 2 May 2011. NA NA NA NA NA NA European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 20% Calculated 18% 82% 0% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 38% Calculated 13% 55% 31% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 36% Calculated 4% 94% 2% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Dionisio KL, Arku RE, Hughes AF, et al. Air pollution in Accra neighborhoods: spatial, socioeconomic, and temporal patterns. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010;44(7):2270-2276. 18% Calculated NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 2 May 2011. 66% Calculated 0% 0% 81% 19% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Informe Annual, Monitoreao del Aire en la ciudad de Guatemala. Guatemala, NA 45 Calculated 2009. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 30% Calculated 6% 94% 0% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessedNA 40% Calculated NA NA NA 2 May 2011. NA NA NA NA NA NA Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & Forests. National ambient91%quality status 2008. 2009. 0% air by state (37% by metropolitan city) Calculated 0% 4% 11% 22% 24% 19% 2% 18% 100% Indonesia Country Profile: Focus on smaller cities, Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Center, 2009 Calculated 19% 4% 0% 54% 30% 0% 0% 12% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 21% Calculated 100% 0% 0% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Central Bureau of Statistics. Statistical Abstracts of Israel, 2010. 64% Calculated 0% 0% 6% 94% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 28% Calculated 0% 16% 84% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% The National Environment & Planning Agency. Annual Report, Financial Year 2008-2009. Kingston,Calculated 47 2009. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ministry of the Environment (2009). http://www.env.go.jp/air/osen/jokyo_h20/rep02.pdf (accessed 2 Reported 13% March 2011). NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Brown KW, Bouhamra W, Lamoureux DP, Evans JS, Koutrakis P. Characterization of Particulate71 Reported Matter for Three Sites in Kuwait.NA & Waste Manage. Assoc. 58:994-1003, 2008. NA J Air NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessedNA 48% Calculated NA NA NA 2 May 2011. NA NA NA NA NA NA Saliba et al. Short and long-term transport of crustal and anthropogenic inorganic components of coarse and fine aerosols over Beirut, Lebanon. NA Mellouki A, Ravishankara AR eds. Regional Climate Variability and its Impacts in The Mediterranean Area. Do 51 Calculated NA NA In: NA NA NA NA NA NA NA European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 30% Calculated 0% 100% 0% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessedNA 21% Calculated NA NA NA 2 May 2011. NA NA NA NA NA NA

European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available 100% http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessedNA from: Calculated NA NA NA 2 May 2011. NA NA NA NA NA NA Ministre de l'environnement et des Forts. Rapport sur l'Etat de l'Environnement de Madagascar, 2007. Madagascar, 2007. 30% Calculated NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Air quality. Department of Environment, Malaysia. 42% Reported 0% 3% 65% 32% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessedNA 13% Calculated NA NA NA 2 May 2011. NA NA NA NA NA NA Central Statistics Office. Environment Statistics 2009, Madagascar, 2009. 27% Calculated NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Compendio de Estadisticas Ambientales 2010 - Promedio annual de concentrationes horarias de contaminatnes atmosfericos. http://aplicaciones.semarnat.gob.mx/estadisticas/compendio2010/10.100.13.5_8080/ibi_apps/WFServletd9fc.html (accessed 4 May 2011. 46 Calculated 0% 0% 21% 66% 10% 0.3% 0% 2% 0% 100% L'environnement en Principaut de Monaco, Recueil de donnes 2009. Direction de l'Environnment, 2009. 100% Calculated NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The World Bank. Air pollution in Ulaanbaatar. Discussion Paper. 2009. 70% Reported NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA National Commission for Environmental Affairs (NCEA), with Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) and Department of Medical Research (DMR) 34% Calculated NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, Singh Durbar, Kathmandu, Ambient Air Quality of Kathmandu Valley, 2007 NA 19% Calculated NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 17% Calculated 0% 100% 0% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Ministry of Environment. New Zealand annual guideline for PM10. 2010. 64% Calculated 5% 95% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Efe S. Spatial distribution of particulate air pollution in Nigerian ities: implications for human health. 2008;7(2). Available at: Journal of Environmental Health Research. 40% Reported NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 25% Calculated 0% 100% 0% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Ghauri B, Lodhi A, Mansha M. Development of baseline (air quality) data in Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess. 2007;127(1-3):237-252. 40 Calculated 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 91% 9% Informe sobre la calidad del aire en la cuidad de Panama 2009. Universidad de Panama, Panama, 29 Calculated 2009. 0% 58% 0% 42% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Programa Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria de Calidad del Aire. http://www.digesa.sld.pe/DEPA/pral2/index.asp (accessed 3 May 2011). 41 Calculated 0% 0% 9% 0% 91% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Environmental Management Bureau. National Air Quality Status Report (2005-2007), 2009. 22% Calculated NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 9% 46% Calculated 8% 39% 44% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 17% Calculated 0% 52% 48% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Minsitry of Environment. 2008 Environmental Statistics Yearbook. 2008. 67% Calculated 0% 0% 6% 94% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 2 May 2011. 35% Calculated 8% 16% 60% 16% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessedNA 11% Calculated NA NA NA 2 May 2011. NA NA NA NA NA NA Istituto Sicurezza Sociale. Monitoraggio qualit dell'aria, Anno 2009. Dipartimento di sanita pubblica, 2010. 100% Calculated NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA The Eighth Development Plan (1425/1426 - 1429/1430)A.H (2005 -2009)A.D 52 Calculated 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 37% 61% 0% 100% Ministre de l'Environnement de la Protection de la Nature, des Bassins de Rtention et des Lacs artificiels. Suivi de la qualit de l'air Dakar. Rapport annuel 2010. 2010. 50% Calculated NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessedNA 22% Calculated NA NA NA 2 May 2011. NA NA NA NA NA NA Singapore Department of Statistics. Yearbook of Statistics Singapore, 2010. 100% Reported 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 21% Calculated 0% 36% 64% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessedNA 28% Calculated NA NA NA 2 May 2011. NA NA NA NA NA NA Ethekwini Health Department. Ethkwini air quality monitoring network report 2009; Joburg Air21% Calculated Quality Management and Climate Change. http://www.saaqis.org.za/Downloads.aspx?type=AQ. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 27% Calculated 2% 61% 36% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Ambient air quality report, Central Environment Agency (secondary source) 22% Reported NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 21% Calculated 17% 83% 0% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 12% Calculated 0% 100% 0% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Mkoma SL, Chi X, Maenhaut W. Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols in ambient PM10 and PM2.5 particles in Dar es Salaam,NA 29% Calculated NA Tanzania. Sci. Total Environ. 2010;408(6):1308-1314. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Clean air Initiative for Asian Cities. 'Thailand country profile. CAI-Asia Center, June 2009; Data collected by: Thailand 0% 60% Reported Pollution Control Department 6% 16% 78% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Rapport annuel sur la qualit de l'air en Tunisie 2006, Agence National de la Protection de l'environnement. 74 Calculated 0% 0% 6% 13% 82% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 2 May 2011. 29% Calculated 0% 0% 0% 81% 6% 11% 0% 2% 0% 100% Statistics Centre - Abu Dhabi. Statistical Yearbook of Abu Dhabi 2010. 31 Calculated NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA European Environment Agency. AirBase: public air quality database - Air pollution. Available from: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase, accessed 0% 29% Calculated 35% 65% 0% 2 May 2011. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% USEPA. Particulate matter. Local trends in particulate matter trends. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/pm.html (accessed 12 May 2011) NA Reported 59% 41% 1% 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Intendencia Municipal de Montevideo, Desarollo Ambiental. Calidad del Aire de Montevideo Informe Annual 2009, Montevideo, 2010. 43 Reported NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA INE, Estadisticas Ambientales, Concentracin promedio anual de partculas totales suspendidas (PM10) en el aire, 2007-2008. http://www.ine.gov.ve/aspectosambientales/aspectosambientales/ambien_AireAtmosfera_2.htm (accessed 6 April 2011). 11 Reported 0% 0% 86% 0% 14% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% Department of Environment (DOE) 45 Calculated 0% 0% 0% 6% 18% 49% 6% 2% 18% 100%