§ . Non-textile uses of dyestuffs F ~ The main application of dyes is sor colouring telies However, dyes ene also used fox colouring ct number of other substvates such os leothey, poper , food. stuffs, drugs, poly mess, cosmeties, printing inks, lacquexs , varnishes , paints, oils, soaps , plastics, etc, These cise also used ‘in photography fox sensitizing and desensitizing photographic plates and oF indicators i. analytical work, Dyes ave also useful as staining agents iP bacteriological weak, The chromephoric end atmochromic groupe in the eyes used for dyeing these substyates have been found to be similar to those used for textile fibyes, However, thelr chee should be such that vesultant dyed substrate must be quite sapisfactory - The Various non-textiles uses of dyestuffs ave os follow 1) Leathex: Dyes: Natural’ leather ‘is a. protein substance and con be dyed ett. acid. dyes. Basic dyes, diveck dyes and movdant dyes ave ‘also used® for surface dyeing but they are not fast. to tight. Whehever light shades on dye are desived, acid dyes cise’ vised tn the presence of formic acta. come of the dyes usec for dyeing leathes civeas follow CY Basic. bite dye hey a j calgytRe OEM ct hy = : # ar t : GY) Bi Fmark brown nt mh w =5 08 3 ee awn NS NGA 8 NHg¢!GID" Meldelals blue AT aN. Sy caw! ° ci Gy) Divect dye- Yellow dye (V2 Mordant dye - ovange dye KY NeW XDI OH oon °, OF) Acid. leather Brewn FEB APY Sr TOO, Bare NH. o nH en Sone. (2) Papen dyes: Paper is compused of cellulosic $ibse So Avvect dyer are mostly widely used for papers. Baste dyes have also little a mo affinity for ceilulose fibve. eg. Wd Basic blue dye © © cuts), nl LEP N cert -” ch Gi) Methyl violet 10 BNs @ 0 (ca) nt d-< TNC) CI cl NHCH,Git) Safrvanine -T "or scx]. “6 GY) Direct dye - congo xed wo x xy Sop &) Acid orange dies, oyna . i WD Acid’ ted dye ot eos Hip n-&Y i “8 Sona : (3) Food colouss: $ Food is mainly used fox nutattton. However, ib may be rade more acceptable. by colouvation.. Originally, : the substances used for colouration of food weve naturally, colousrng matters like chlovophy!!, saffson and turmeric. However, they are still wed fo a qveat extent. Now a days synthetic dyes find extensive use due to the following ‘ reasons : GD They effes o variety of shades Gi) They are cheap Git) They can be handled’ eotily. The cviterta for fetal a spt dye ogg i ae Sc asa ce @ranned by CamScannerMeod ave as follows ‘ nd heat, Th able to light @ + YY should be stable to Nig i ients i her ingred O° They shoud not interact with ot q i lavouy of ay They chouid not intersex the taste and f the food. OV) They must te totally harmless to human beings eg ©) Ovonge -7 Se GD "ery ae Brg Sona Gh Tertrazine Meee men spy ae Civ) Yellow AB CY) Yellow 08 city a N= wy Orange ss Scanned by Cam’wD Orange ss. ou, wenes ac (VD Ot ved xO aS wen-&) OH ac cn, CA) Hair dye: About gov of the dyes used in haiy colousing 07 fnown aS oxidizing haix dyes. The remaining 207 of z 9 ef available haiy dyes aze mainly synthetic dyes that have affinity fox protein substrates. Oxidising haix dyes cme produced divectly on haix by oxidising aromatic diamines with a suitable oxidising agent. Tn this wegend, the diamines have been yeferyed to as “ patmary intey- , mediates” and the oxidising agents as “ developers”. othes suitable primesy intermediater ave amino dipheny! amines, amino methyl phenols and para-amino phenol. When used alone, the primary intermediates give a quite limited shade yange following oxidation on her. To enhance. the range of available hais colouys, the primary intermediates ate oxidtsed in the presence of : re ' suitable couplers, Wheve as most couplers do nok adi btie produce colours when exposed a developers alone, They give a wide ovray of haiy ‘shodes in combination) with primary intermediates, Suitable couplers include: 3.amino pheno), yesorcinol and &-naphthol.xH BNA em tt an el Gr Nig. Oxidation. of prrmory intermediales Where, x2 O,-NY (5) Photographic dyes; An oxdinary Phatographic plate a §ilm is Scusiblve onilyucte!viotel sun 2 blue FAs tHe cacti ble Heqion Laine “to Tuitzas Violet Be added te the light. TF certain clyes are Photogvaphic “emulsion the coated and also sensitive to. the near infrared. The dyes added to the photographic emulsion ‘ave known as photogrophic sensitizers. Cyanine is one of the oldest synthetic dyes but ifs sensitizing . properties were discovered yey year later. The sensitizing Property of a cyamine dye - can-be enhanced by add!'ng .ammoniun. a atkalt auyous _ thiocyanate to the emulsion. ; 1 e.g u) cyonine -4.4~- quitone & & <6 LANE CHK NAS Het . Hy X= cP plate becomes ‘sensitive’ to the wholé visible spectrum *GQ) Ping cyro! i ~ = > GH) Safyonine- 9 Sofronine-B (6) Indicator Dyes: In analytical chemistzy,.a numberof dyes -find Velid applications which are as. follows = G) As pt indi catoys: €.9. phenciphthalein, methy! orange, methyl] ved conga ved, ete, Methyl ovonge SoH SOH Congo red GI) As oxidation-yeduction indicators : e.g. Metnylene blue, indigo covmine, ete, NL Keo. 5 Mets), ci Methylene Blue cory), Scanned by CamScannerr 4 ' al - Zz Ta) Ne Indigo cormine Gi) AS adsorption Indicators : 4 Dichlovo Fluovescein , Eosin, ete éosin CD AS Preeipitents for the determination of metals: C9. Sofrvonine fox Sb,Hg Ag metal Methylene blue for many metals < ions Urviechrome black T fur — ep Orenge- TH fur zn & mg etc. C#) Tnk-jet Dyes: Dyes used in thic area must ‘have the following propertées : : C1) Very good water solubility Qi) how toxicity Gi) God stabilily to uy light | heat and moisture CY) Quick fixation to paper following capplicatgn GW) @vod colour stength, 9. A a CH; 1 Nags Coreg SONe Divect Ye 6 YeuV Fow n Sy OG Grew og Z, z NS os Magenta ink. jet dye. based on Hacerd chy Ho Ne cle oH LO on Ly N= N on Si Oe NH CHy- CH, $034 Mogenta ink-jet dye based on Gamma acid (3) Medicinal dyes : Seveve| dyes were found to stain and pavalyse cpecifie micro-onganism he. they ave wed as antinacertal and chemotherapentic agent = + A H SDL, ow Orpxar ye mest Se N Me, QS er Methylene Blue Malachite Green (4) Seivent dyes : These dyes ave insoluble in Wwatex but soluble in o¥ganic solventy They ave used for colouring paints, Vaynishes, lacquers printing inks etc, Cryiel vier is wed tr S4IMIng bacteria Cérm weit) ee 4 Scanned by CamScanne| oH wn mM Sudden Ovange Suden Orange R& (10) Cosmetic dyes : They aye used io colowy face powders andl lipsticks. Several pigments are al used fr this purpose, €9. Eosin (14) Displays: Liquid Crysta) displays aye used in digital watches and clocks, caltulatoss, laptop, computer and game displays, and instrument display panels for cars, qe planes etc. The Colosants ‘used in the colour Filter ave generally pigments. e.g. Mie | | : cy See Pigment Red 177 hat bwoad OAbsosPtion bends and calioxy the hazveshr of & laxge feaction of Sunlight: FiMowescent dyes cue also uset, Such as Eosin-Y C3). dye-sensitized Neanocagtalline Sole Cells axe now Yiving efficiencies in excess of lo Compased to just Is ten Yeas ago.~ OS -coon Vy = RS ooo —X _ > 15 N 1 i “Ss at e A} on iN (2) ced Bou C3 Solaxv ceils can be used as low- Cost electsicity ar Peak times. Qecivic windorts Genesate HK Bio- Medica! APPlications of Dyes 1. Methylene blue, a thiazine Me is sea cig co Vir Stain, since it deePly colours Pasts of the living tissues, Such as PeriPhest Nexsvous system, leaving othes Pewks uNsterned, Blue is one o§ the most. common Methyl one Stuins Used in bacteriological technique fox Cxtrmination 94 Pathogenic Oxgamisms Such a EUbBSCUlOSIS — cn Cholosa bacilli, 2. Malachite Seen Go fee Seom Dincis usced bacteriological cimg histologic Stain, « PhenolPhthalen, a bi Pherylmethane due is a m tasteless Purgative hile disoditers Salts 0§LetsaiodoPhenolPhthalein cand Phone tBe-breiodg Phthaléin ewe used 40% ye—wy Fara notion og INew sunction, 4. The OPacity of 3-iodo and 4- lodoalizcesin jx Sed In x oyay Visvali's ection. 5. Exsthwosine Aan VCD Sco Pree) tum aNd NEotsoPin ave Mono ee Usefu) Staining Medion for aN oxaaine dye used aga Mhibits thE Georth og Cances cells@ Eriochworne Black T:- Tt 15 Used in larye Quantities on Aecoun, of tks hi § Sh Nght ond Wet fasiness, Ib is PrrePecxeds be diaroti ; S aly ee Me Qmino -¥- mito - 3-mephtho) -A- SulPhonic each nthe Presence of & Small Quantity of CoPPex uiPhete followed by coupling the Psoduct cuith B - naPhthol. 4 20 Nanos [Hel s ly Nad ose. 8 Ccusoy) Noy Ly - Aine -9 - nine - OH 3-MaPhthul - AL- surphonre acis coupting ~ oe NaPhihot in alka: of - on Nao, ; 4 Mog Exiochsome Biack- T Tits mainty used as an indicator in GTA THAewicline Yellous G: These dyes awe dewivatives of the basic ComPound Acsidine. (oe) H This Structuse Provides the cheomoPhowe and an ammo OF AK alkYlaming Gmoup is WSwelly Present Ince Paxa Position With wespect to the methane C4SbON Gtom. Aewidine Yello) & is one of the most imPoxtenL Qcwidine dyes Ond ibis PwePased fom 2-4 diamin toluene Ond formaldehyde Inthe following mannes. Acridine Yel Gis lasgeN Used on leathers hN Nhe TO seme yy HC cry U4 Dianino Fosmaldehyd e Toluene —Heo HN roc" HM Nie nse CHa: CHC23) Aceidme Yenou Ge. | Tt is one af the move imPostont Acridine Ond IS Prepared from 21ti-diamino toluene and | forma) dehyre \n the foll@wing memnner: tN SNe HaN Muy Yor tere F SL | me “rte SIT Me Che Me Hasoy |, Pressure nt Wr + WN ya s " ay tay! i nie me me me C3) Methylene Biue-- TH is obtcuned by Oxidising P- dimethylaniline BWith acid dichwomeate in the Presence of sodium thiesutfha thiasulphate, follower by Condensing the Sesulting 4- Cdimethylamino ) Gniline- @+thiosulPhonic acid auith dirnethy! aniline +o Sem on melamine , and oxidising by dichwomate and Coppers sulphate +o Yeu methylme blue.NU. % Nie cr NQC034 Hel wo Mean NG,5203 xi < mex I P- amino dimethy] S034 Aniline 4 -Cdimethy lamino Janine - Q-thiosuiPhonic Add \ a SN Mee nN FU ZB + Neg rents $ Nagcm0z S034 Cusoy, nN = ker + ok yn Ss Nméq Tea cl Methylene blue Indamine tis used in calico Printing. Tris Used as an Indicoutox And in Medicine. ts Qinc cho double chloside salt is Usel fow dyeing tannin -mosdantel cotton. The change in colous in methyioe blue has been QHributed to the following steuchixa) Changes Na 4 oe oe KL, + +26 N s nme, +" meg blue Cresonance acsoss Nitsogen betoeen sings) 4 ‘lL J JOR. regN S. NMe, Colousless Cro wesonance bween rings ')4) THE Taxtvazine:. Tt 19.06 Acid qrodye which may be Prepared by the following 4ooo method: [) TH may be PreParxed bs condensing to molecules of P- hydvazino benzene culphonic acid with one smolecule of dioxysuenre acid. na03S NH— NH Na- sat o& P-hudsa2mo- benzere sulPhonic acid Dioty- Succinic acid soaNnee ‘l no-e — yO sae | | Nes N= a Hoo =O Testrarineii) Timay ciso be Prepared by condensing one TAolECUIE OF P-hydxci2inobenzene SuIPhonic aciel Gith owe mole of diethyloxeloacetate. The ProdutS Obiained On coupling with dicaotised sulphonic acid Yields +axtsqzine. oalis, ome inhi >-Nee! nee al Naas Y-N=N—GH I! C- Hel F Na. cog Coonq CooNa. Tatsozine This. maimy used fox clyzing co00) fabrics Yelloo Nodewate ustness Oncl Sk tibwes mith Poor fuctn(GD Sueset Yeloo Fer:- Sunset Yona For 'S & Mone G20 dyes. Tt Is @ {00d colous dye Gives Tt is Soluble 1 cuater 4 Neto coloux. Sunset Yeon Fer 1S PsePawed by diaaotizaro Of Sulfunilic ercid in Presance of cold HNO, at food tem Co - 10°). and this diazonium sall couple Gith schuf§ses Acid C2- NaPhihol &- Suldomic Acid) in aikedine medium SteP: 1- Sunthesis of Saxu schasses’s atic) SUP. 2 - Sunthesis OF Sunsei Velo Fer piaroti2ation = Has Ly naria Nanox| tcl 13S Suan ilic acid O-10°% Diarmium Sarl on Courling weak? iy coupling ovith Ly-8=8 SJ Ss Schasger's acs He, Ey in - Akaling medium Seat! 4 om Sunset Yellow FeF 143; - Cad Puontosil *- oo Psontosil 1S % GwouP os redicma) due H is used in the psecaiment of sory Panosona }4s15 csleern4 sickness ). Prontosi] iS CL mene 420 dyes. atts PcPro! by diaatization of sufapilic acid in psesence F Cold Solution of HNO at lod tempesatuse co 10°C and coupling oith TmM- phenylene diamine in acédic ™ édiurn- Stee: A SY¥nthesis of om Phenylen€ diamine fror oon - dinitso benene. SteP: 2 SNothesis OF Psontosil , te 7 \_ ny piarti2aton ky nene em MEE pane) Ho Ne <8 aise é o-s°e Diaronium salt coupling weacrioy ni. coupling @ith = Ny nen wn PDA. waked LPB 5 HN vem > nh Psontos !a eee 3 Nile @lve 2B°- js we class &3 oxazin icmal dues: y. ms chem’ o.cl. ails Sass used OS etal ane ean ce® cells. Nile Bie 28 an ar is used i aris & gwoup % raed bro logical “ wie. CaqHac Ms ig also Stain ana his tolog Fox Vigne %B God. A+ imbibits the guomsth OFS Src ruse | mist > H ° mR N ore er le iz Bemo cad Phenur s- ceenl. arin) g- Cdseneth! amino) chon Stovnests & Ni, ( ——_, on tH vic) ee Restuy o Xow ca)! Nx Cy ieee Mi. 4 oe geal oe =) cl & NH Cc mn @)] Nik, Ge 2B Hed ee é®41 Satvanine B Amine cand P-Phenylene 4 ‘eninge oxidised With Sodium dichwormate and Hel, Ndanane is formed. Which is treated With anime followed by Oxidation gives a Saksanine-B- Sn, wogns HO NS he fw Aniline P-Phenylene dramine + pmiline NX SO A Si ms wy o re : Ore, \. w oO safsamine -B TIndamineSame -lime- ae ic. Syet _L: Carbon the éfrudue “nus, —the_chenisto 4 organic: chemic Poh “fet a pplic: ead 4 the other. ides ‘lid net follow etn the end $9" Cores. : | Fe ate man pad alveody —alycd a exfiles , | _|and cther objects with ndliraPs ! ~substances, sail i “Vegetables , but alco _ Yicallander who < ntPecis ciba blue 4B — | AL At b and _ thio -tndtqe Ges pecttetly -_ a |y———1« Vidal” ope £ § ie 4 fer _ Sulphur Ayes “Re y yeor [iqoat was charactizet? by the dis cove _ Gadantfrane ; the wt ant8 ade. vor tye by “RK = Soho’. * —DATE _AIM —— a Readies dee how te. -Gerierad ent ass t iene an — hee pie Fist aie Syoitfeate Cdouy “ ccubes ar ‘he hua the: 2 Hechaig “3 ‘Trter- @ aa adyes . =“witt! al Larne f Chvorhog en: £4. ' azo, Cuch ics azo Cormpotitd > a J + f = ae . * |. "germ |The _ on shacks Mite [ - Crass eo ee tuPPs tel chavadbertBecd tuPPs tel chavadbertBecd é | eysttette ae ae Hanubadluvina - ar ae “Eee Goce Te z. a abmest “He whafz 4 tm wortd % MO ig wh i nure ber 4 ae mergrech soe Ff oY ee