UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE EL SALVADOR MATEMÁTICA IV

Ciclo I -2022

TRABAJO GRUPAL:

Nombres y números de carné:

Nombres Carné
Otero Meléndez, Daniel Alexander 22-3825-2020
Paniagua Campos, Joaquín Ernesto 22-1680-2020
Rogel Arias, Denis Mauricio 22-0164-2020
Rosa Perla, Estefany Guadalupe 22-1734-2020
Vanegas Alfaro, Dayana Gertrudis 22-0290-2020

Tipo de evaluación: 5° Registro

Docente: Lic. Oscar de Jesús Águila Chávez

Coordinador de Grupo: Dayana Gertrudis Vanegas Alfaro

Sección: 02-2022

Fecha:
San Salvador, 9 de junio de 2022.
 TAREA 1
EJERCICIOS 2.2.
En los problemas 1 a 22 resuelva la ecuación diferencial dada por separación de variables.

𝒅𝒚
𝟏) = 𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝟓𝒙
𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛5𝑥 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛5𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛5𝑥𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛5𝑥(5𝑑𝑥)
5
1 𝟏
𝑦 = (−𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑥 ) + 𝐶 𝑹// 𝒚 = − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟓𝒙 + 𝑪
5 𝟓

𝟑) 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒆𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0 → 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = −𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = −𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫(−𝑒 −3𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦 = 3 ∫ (− 𝑒 −3𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
3
1 𝟏 −𝟑𝒙
𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 −3𝑥 (−3𝑑𝑥) 𝑹// 𝒚 = 𝒆 +𝑪
3 𝟑

𝒅𝒚
𝟓) 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒚
𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑦
𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 4𝑦𝑑𝑥 → =4
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
∫ = 4∫
𝑦 𝑥
ln 𝑦 = 4 ln 𝑥 + ln 𝑐
ln 𝑦 = 4 ln 𝑐𝑥 → ln 𝑦 = ln(𝑐𝑥 )4
𝑦 = (𝑐𝑥 )4 → 𝑦 = 𝑐 4 𝑥 4 𝑹// 𝒚 = 𝑪𝒙𝟒

𝒅𝒚
𝟕) = 𝒆𝟑𝒙+𝟐𝒚
𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑒 3𝑥+2𝑦 → = 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑒 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 −2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑒 −2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 1
− ∫ 𝑒 −2𝑦 (−2𝑑𝑦) = ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 (3𝑑𝑥)
2 3
1 −2𝑦 1 3𝑥 1 1
− 𝑒 = 𝑒 + 𝑐 → 6 (− 𝑒 −2𝑦 ) = 6 ( 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑐) = −3𝑒 −2𝑦 = 2𝑒 3𝑥 + 6𝑐
2 3 2 3
𝑹// 𝟑𝒆−𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐𝒆𝟑𝒙 = 𝑪
 𝒅𝒙 𝒚+𝟏 𝟐
𝟗) 𝒚 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 =( )
𝒅𝒚 𝒙
𝑑𝑥 𝑦+1 2 𝑑𝑥 (𝑦 + 1)2
𝑦 ln 𝑥 =( ) → 𝑦 ln 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑥2
2
(𝑦 + 1) 𝑑𝑦 2
(𝑦 + 1) 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 2 ln 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ↔ = 𝑥 2 ln 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
(𝑦 + 1)2 𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ 𝑥 2 ln 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑦
(𝑦 + 1)2 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1 1 (𝑦 + 1)2 𝑑𝑦 1 2
∫ =∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (𝑦 + 2 + ) 𝑑𝑦 → ∫ = 𝑦 + 2𝑦 + ln 𝑦
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 2
∫ 𝑥 2 ln 𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑛
𝑥 𝑛+1
∫ 𝑥 ln 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = [(𝑛 + 1) ln 𝑥 − 1]
(𝑛 + 1)2
𝑛=2

2
𝑥 2+1 2
𝑥3
∫ 𝑥 ln 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = [(2 + 1) ln 𝑥 − 1] → ∫ 𝑥 ln 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = [3 ln 𝑥 − 1]
(2 + 1)2 9
𝟑
𝟏 𝒙
𝑹// 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝐥𝐧 𝒚 = [𝟑 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 − 𝟏] + 𝑪
𝟐 𝟗

𝟏𝟏) 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒚𝒅𝒙 + 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎

csc 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + sec 2 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0 → sec 2 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = − csc 𝑦𝑑𝑥
sen 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = − cos 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫ sen 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ cos 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

− cos 𝑦 = − ∫ cos 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 → cos 𝑦 = ∫ cos 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

∫(2𝑦 + 3)−2 𝑑𝑦
1
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝑢 = 2𝑦 + 3 → 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑦 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑢
2
1
∫(2𝑦 + 3)−2 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑢 −2 𝑑𝑢
2
1 1
∫(2𝑦 + 3)−2 𝑑𝑦 = − 𝑢 −1 → ∫(2𝑦 + 3)−2 𝑑𝑦 = − (2𝑦 + 3)−1
2 2
∫(4𝑥 + 5)−5 𝑑𝑥
1
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝑢 = 4𝑥 + 5 → 𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑑𝑦 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑢
4
1
∫(4𝑥 + 5)−2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢 −2 𝑑𝑢
4
1 1
∫(4𝑥 + 5)−2 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑢 −1 → ∫(4𝑥 + 5)−2 𝑑𝑥 = − (4𝑥 + 5)−1
4 4
1 1
− (2𝑦 + 3)−1 = − (4𝑥 + 5)−1 − 𝑐
2 4
1 1 1 1
(2𝑦 + 3)−1 = (4𝑥 + 5)−1 + 𝑐 → = +𝑐
2 4 2(2𝑦 + 3) 4(4𝑥 + 5)
1 1
4[ ] = 4[ + 𝑐]
2(2𝑦 + 3) 4(4𝑥 + 5)
𝟐 𝟏
𝑹// = +𝑪
𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓

𝟏𝟑) (𝒆𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟐 𝒆−𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + (𝒆𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟑 𝒆−𝒙 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎

(𝑒 𝑦 + 1)2 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑒 𝑥 + 1)3 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0 → (𝑒 𝑥 + 1)3 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = −(𝑒 𝑦 + 1)2 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑥
(𝑒 𝑥 + 1)3 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = −(𝑒 𝑦 + 1)2 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑥 → (𝑒 𝑦 + 1)−2 𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = −(𝑒 𝑥 + 1)−3 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
∫(𝑒 𝑦 + 1)−2 𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫(𝑒 𝑥 + 1)−3 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
1
−(𝑒 𝑦 + 1)−1 = (𝑒 𝑥 + 1)−2 + 𝑐
2
2(𝑒 𝑦 + 1)−1 = −(𝑒 𝑥 + 1)−2 − 2𝑐
𝑹/ / (𝒆𝒙 + 𝟏)−𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒆𝒚 + 𝟏)−𝟏 = 𝑪

𝒅𝑺
𝟏𝟓) = 𝒌𝑺
𝒅𝒓
𝑑𝑆
= 𝑘𝑑𝑟
𝑆
𝑑𝑆
∫ = ∫ 𝑘𝑑𝑟
𝑆
ln 𝑆 = 𝑘𝑟 + 𝑐
𝑆 = 𝑒 𝑘𝑟+𝑐 → 𝑆 = 𝑒 𝑘𝑟 𝑒 𝑐
𝑹// 𝑺 = 𝑪𝒆𝒌𝒓

𝒅𝑷
𝟏𝟕) = 𝑷 − 𝑷𝟐
𝒅𝒕
𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑃
= 𝑃 − 𝑃2 = = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑃 − 𝑃2
𝑑𝑃
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑃 − 𝑃2
𝑑𝑃
∫ =𝑡+𝑐
𝑃(1 − 𝑃)
1 1
∫( − ) 𝑑𝑃 = 𝑡 + 𝑐
𝑃 1−𝑃
1 𝐴 𝐵
= + → 𝐴(1 − 𝑃) + 𝐵𝑃
𝑃(1 − 𝑃) 𝑃 1 − 𝑃
1 = 𝐴 − 𝐴𝑃 + 𝐵𝑃 → 1 − (−𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑃 + 𝐴
𝐴 =1 → 𝐴+𝐵
ln|𝑃| − ln|1 − 𝑃| = 𝑡 + 𝑐
𝑃 𝑃 𝑃
ln | |=𝑡+𝑐 → = 𝑒 𝑡+𝑐 → = 𝑒 𝑡 𝑒 𝑐 → 𝑃 = (1 − 𝑃)𝐶𝑒 𝑡
1−𝑃 1−𝑃 1−𝑃
𝑃 + 𝑃𝐶𝑒 𝑡 = 𝐶𝑒 𝑡 → 𝑃(1 + 𝐶𝑒 𝑡 ) = 𝐶𝑒 𝑡
 𝑪𝒆𝒕
𝑹// 𝑷 =
𝟏 + 𝑪𝒆𝒕

𝒅𝒚 𝒙𝒚 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒚 − 𝟑
𝟏𝟗) =
𝒅𝒙 𝒙𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟖
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 3 (𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦) + (3𝑥 − 3) 𝑦(𝑥 − 1) + 3(𝑥 − 1)
= = =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 8 (𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥 ) + (4𝑦 − 8) 𝑥 (𝑦 − 2) + 4(𝑦 − 2)
𝑑𝑦 (𝑥 − 1)(𝑦 + 3)
=
𝑑𝑥 (𝑦 − 2)(𝑥 + 4)
𝑦−2 𝑥−1
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑦+3 𝑥+4

𝑦−2 𝑥−1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦+3 𝑥+4
5 5
∫ (1 − ) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (1 − ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑦+3 𝑥+4
𝑦 − 5 ln|𝑦 + 3| = 𝑥 − 5 ln|𝑥 + 4| + 𝑐
5 5
𝑦 − ln|𝑦 + 3|5 = 𝑥 − ln|𝑥 + 4|5 + 𝑐 → 𝑒 𝑦−ln|𝑦+3| 𝑒 𝑥−ln|𝑥+4| + 𝑐
𝑒𝑦 𝑒 𝑥𝑒𝑐
5 = 𝑥−ln|𝑥+4|5
𝑒 𝑦−ln𝑦|𝑦+3| 𝑒 𝑥
𝑒 𝐶𝑒
=
(𝑦 + 3)5 (𝑥 + 4)5
𝑹// (𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟓 𝒆𝒚 = 𝑪(𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟓 𝒆𝒙

𝒅𝒚
𝟐𝟏) = 𝒙√𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2 = = 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
√1 − 𝑦2
𝑑𝑦 1
∫ = 𝑥2 + 𝐶
√1 − 𝑦2 2
𝑑𝑦
∫
√1 − 𝑦2
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑦 = sen 𝜃 → 𝑑𝑦 = cos 𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑦 cos 𝜃𝑑𝜃
∫ =∫
√1 − 𝑦2 √1 − sen2 𝜃
𝑑𝑦 cos 𝜃𝑑𝜃 cos 𝜃𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑦
∫ =∫ =∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜃 → ∫ = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑦
√1 − 𝑦 2 √1 − sen2 𝜃 cos 𝜃 √1 − 𝑦 2
1
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑐
2
𝟏
𝑹// 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒏 ( 𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪)
𝟐
 Tarea #2
Cada una de las ED de los problemas 1-14 es homogénea. En los problemas 1 a 10
resuelva la ecuación diferencial dada usando las sustituciones adecuadas.

2.(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥, 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣, 𝑣=
𝑦
Sustituyendo Y
(𝑥 + 𝑣𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑣)

𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥2𝑑𝑣 = 0

𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑣𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −𝑥2𝑑𝑣

𝑥𝑑𝑥(1 + 2𝑣) = −𝑥2𝑑𝑣

𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣
=−
𝑥2 (1 + 2𝑣)
 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣
∫ = −∫
𝑥2 (1 + 2𝑣)
1 𝑑𝑣 ′
∫ = −∫ 𝑣 =2
𝑥 (1 + 2𝑣)
1
𝐼𝑛|𝑥| = − 𝐼𝑛|1 + 2𝑣| + 𝐶
2
Sustituyendo V

1 𝑥
𝐼𝑛|𝑥| = − 𝐼𝑛 |1 + 2 | + 𝐶
2 𝑦

4.𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 2(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦

𝑦
𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦, 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑣, 𝑣=
𝑥
Sustituyendo Y
𝑦(𝑣𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑣) = 2(𝑣𝑦 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
𝑦𝑣𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦2𝑑𝑣 = 2𝑣𝑦𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝑦𝑣𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦2𝑑𝑣 − 2𝑣𝑦𝑑𝑦 − 2𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝑦𝑑𝑦(𝑣 − 2𝑣 − 2) = −𝑦2𝑑𝑣
𝑦𝑑𝑦(−𝑣 − 2) = −𝑦2𝑑𝑣

𝑦𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
=−
(−𝑣 − 2)
𝑦2
𝑦𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
∫ 2 = −∫
𝑦 (−𝑣 − 2)
1 𝑑𝑣
∫ = −∫ 𝑣′ = 1
𝑦 (−1 − 2)
1 𝑑𝑣
∫ = −∫
𝑦 3
1 1
∫ = − ∫ 𝑑𝑣
𝑦 3
1
𝐼𝑛|𝑥| = − 𝑣 + 𝐶
3
Sustituyendo V

1
𝑦
𝐼𝑛|𝑥| = − × +𝐶
3 𝑥
6. (𝑦2 + 𝑦𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥2𝑑𝑦 = 0
8. =

(3𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑑𝑥

(−𝑥 − 3𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
(−𝑦𝑣 − 3𝑦)(𝑦𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) + (3𝑦𝑣 + 𝑦)(𝑑𝑦)
−𝑦2𝑣𝑑𝑣 − 3𝑦𝑣𝑑𝑦 + 3𝑦𝑣𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑦
−𝑦2𝑣𝑑𝑣 + 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦2𝑣𝑑𝑣
𝑦𝑑𝑦
= 𝑣𝑑𝑣
𝑦2
𝑦𝑑𝑦
∫ 2 = ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑣
𝑦
1
𝑙𝑛|𝑦| = 𝑣2 + 𝐶1
2
𝑥
(𝑦)²
𝑙𝑛|𝑦| = + 𝐶1
2
𝑥2
𝑙𝑛|𝑦| − 𝐶1 = 2
2𝑦
2𝑦 2 (𝑙𝑛|𝑦| − 𝐶1) = 𝑥2
2𝑦2𝑙𝑛𝑦 − 𝐶𝑦2 = 𝑥2

2𝑦2𝑙𝑛𝑦 − 𝐶𝑦2 − 𝑥2 = 0
 𝑑𝑦
10. 𝑥 = 𝑦 + √𝑥2 − 𝑦, 𝑥 > 0
𝑥𝑑𝑦 = (𝑦 + √𝑥2 − 𝑦2) 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑚(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦 + √𝑥2 − 𝑦2, 𝑚(𝑡𝑥, 𝑡𝑦) = 𝑡𝑚

𝑛(𝑥𝑦0 = −𝑥, 𝑛(𝑡𝑥, 𝑡𝑦) = −𝑡𝑥 = 𝑡(−𝑥) = 𝑡𝑛
Sea
𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥, 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢
𝑥𝑑𝑦 = (𝑦 + √𝑥2 − 𝑦2) 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
(𝑢𝑥 + √1 − 𝑢2) 𝑑𝑥 − (𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢) = 0
√1 − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛−1 𝑢 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐2
√1 − 𝑢2 𝑥,
𝑦
𝑠𝑒𝑛 [𝑠𝑒𝑛−1 ] = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
2
𝑥

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐)

En los problemas 11 a 14 resuelva el problema que se representa con valores iniciales

𝑑𝑥
12. (𝑥2 + 2𝑦2) = 𝑥𝑦, 𝑦(−1) = 1
(𝑥2 + 2𝑦2)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥2 + 2𝑦2, 𝑀(𝑡𝑥, 𝑡𝑦) = 𝑡2𝑥2 + 2𝑡2𝑦2
= 𝑡2(𝑥2 + 2𝑦2
= 𝑡2𝑀
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦, 𝑁(𝑡𝑥, 𝑡𝑦) = −𝑡𝑥. 𝑡𝑦 = 𝑡2(−𝑥𝑦) = 𝑡2𝑁
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥, 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢
(𝑥2 + 2(𝑢𝑥)2𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥(𝑢𝑥)(𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢) = 0
(𝑥2 + 2𝑢2𝑥2)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑢𝑥2(𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢) = 0
(1 + 2𝑢2)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑢(𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢) = 0
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑢2𝑑𝑥 − 𝑢𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 0
(1 + 𝑢2)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑢𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑢 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥
1+𝑢
𝑢 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ∫
1 + 𝑢2 𝑥
1 2𝑢𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫
2 1 + 𝑢2 𝑥
1
ln(1 + 𝑢2) = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶1
2
ln(1 + 𝑢2) = 𝑙𝑛𝑥2 + 𝐶1
 2 2
𝑒ln(1+𝑢 ) = 𝑒𝑙𝑛𝑥 +𝐶1
2
1 + 𝑢2 = 𝑒𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑒𝐶1
1 + 𝑢2 = 𝑥2. 𝑐1
𝑦2 2
1 + 2 = 𝑥 𝑐1
𝑥
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑐1𝑥4
𝑦2 = 𝑐1𝑥4 − 𝑥2
𝑥 = −1
𝑦2 = 𝑐1𝑥4 − 𝑥2, 𝑦(−1) = 1 { 𝑦 = 1

12 = 𝑐1(−1)4 − (−1)2,
𝑐1 = 2
𝑦2 = 𝑐1𝑥4 − 𝑥2
𝑦2 = 2𝑥4 − 𝑥2

14. 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0, 𝑦(1) = 𝑒

𝑥 = 𝑢𝑦, 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑢

𝑦(𝑢𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑢) + 𝑢𝑦(𝑙𝑛𝑢𝑦 − 𝑙𝑛𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑢𝑦𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦2𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑦(𝑙𝑛𝑢 + 𝑙𝑛𝑦 − 𝑙𝑛𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑢𝑦𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦2𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑦 − 𝑢𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦2𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑦 = 0 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑙𝑛𝑎𝑥|+c
𝑦𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑙𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑢𝑙𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑦 = −𝑦𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
−∫ =∫
𝑦 𝑢𝑙𝑛𝑢

−𝑙𝑛|𝑦| + 𝑐 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑙𝑛𝑢|
𝑥
−𝑙𝑛|𝑦| + 𝑐 = ln |𝑙𝑛 |
𝑦
𝑦(1) = 𝑒 𝑥 = 1 , 𝑦=𝑒

1
− ln(𝑒) + 𝑐 = ln |𝑙𝑛 |
𝑒
−1 + 𝑐 = 𝑙𝑛|−1|

−1 + 𝑐 = ln(1) , 𝑐 = 1
𝑥
−𝑙𝑛|𝑦| + 1 = 𝑙𝑛 |𝑙𝑛 |
𝑦

Cada una de las ED de los problemas 15 al 22 es una ecuación de

Bernoulli .

En los problemas 15 al 20 resuelva cada ecuación diferencial usando

una sustitución adecuada.
 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
16. − 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑝𝑜 + 𝑝1(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑞(𝑥)𝑦𝑛
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 1 𝑑
𝑢 = 𝑦1−𝑛 , 𝑢 = 𝑦1−2, 𝑢 = 𝑦−1, 𝑢 = , 𝑢𝑦 = 1, 𝑦 = , 𝑦 = 𝑢−1, 𝑣𝑛 = 𝑛𝑣𝑛−1𝑣′,
𝑦 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑦1 = −1𝑢−1−1𝑢1, 𝑦= −𝑢−2𝑢1 𝑦′ + 𝑝(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑞(𝑥), 𝑝(𝑥) = 1, 𝑞(𝑥) = −𝑒𝑥
−𝑢−2𝑢1 − 𝑢−1 = 𝑒𝑥(𝑢−1)2 𝑦𝑢 = ∫ 𝑞𝜇𝑑𝑥, 𝜇 = 𝑒∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥, 𝜇 = 𝑒∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥 , ∫ 𝑒𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒𝑣
−𝑢−2𝑢1 − 𝑢−1 = 𝑒𝑥𝑢−2
(−𝑢−2𝑢1 − 𝑢−1 = 𝑒𝑥𝑢−2)(−𝑢2)
𝑢′ + 𝑢 = −𝑒𝑥
𝑢𝑒𝑥 = ∫ −𝑒𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑑𝑥

− ∫ 𝑒2𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −𝑒2𝑥 + 𝑐
−𝑒2𝑥 𝑐
𝑢= + 𝑢 = 𝑦−1
𝑒2 𝑒𝑥
𝑢 = −𝑒𝑥 + 𝑐𝑒−𝑥
𝑦−1 = −𝑒𝑥 + 𝑐𝑒−𝑥
1
= −𝑒𝑥 + 𝑐𝑒−𝑥
𝑦
1
𝑦=
−𝑒𝑥 + 𝑐𝑒−𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
18)𝑥 − (1 + 𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦2 + 𝑝(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑦𝑛
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 (1 + 𝑥)
− 𝑦 = 𝑦2 𝑢 = 𝑦1−𝑛, 𝑦 = 𝑢−1, 𝑢 = 𝑦−1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 (1 + 𝑥) −1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑(𝑢−1) 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
(−𝑢−2 − 𝑢 = −𝑢2) (−𝑢2) = , = −𝑢−2 , + 𝑝(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 (1 + 𝑥)
+
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑢 = −1
1
𝑑(𝑢𝑥𝑒𝑥) 1+𝑥
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑥+∫𝑑𝑥
= −𝑥𝑒 𝑒
𝑥 ,𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑒𝑙𝑛|𝑥|+𝑥. 𝑒𝑙𝑛|𝑥|+𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒𝑥
𝑥

∫ 𝑑(𝑢𝑥𝑒𝑥) = − ∫ 𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑢𝑥𝑒𝑥 = −𝑒𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + 𝑐, 𝑢 = 𝑢 = 𝑦−1
𝑢𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑦−1 = −𝑒𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + 𝑐
(−𝑒𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + 𝑐)
𝑦−1 =
𝑥𝑒𝑥
𝑥𝑒𝑥
𝑦=
(−𝑒𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + 𝑐)
 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
20)(1 + 𝑡2) = 2𝑡𝑦(𝑦3 − 1) + 𝑝(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥)𝑦𝑛, 𝑢 = 𝑦1−𝑛
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
3(1 + 𝑡2) = 2𝑡𝑦4 − 2𝑡𝑦
𝑑𝑡
 𝑑𝑦 1
[3(1 + 𝑡2) = 2𝑡𝑦4 − 2𝑡𝑦]
𝑑𝑡 3(1 + 𝑡2)
𝑑𝑦 𝑡
2 2𝑡
+ = 𝑦4 < −𝑛 = 4

𝑑𝑡 3(1 + 𝑡2) 3(1 + 𝑡2)

1−𝑛 1−4 −3 −𝑣 𝑑𝑦 1 −4 𝑑𝑢

𝑢=𝑦 ,𝑢 = 𝑦 , 𝑢 = 𝑦 , 𝑦 = 𝑢 3, =− 𝑢 3
𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡
1 −4 𝑑𝑢 2𝑡 −𝑣 2𝑡 −
4 4

3] (−3𝑢3)
[− 𝑢 + 𝑢 = 𝑢
3 3 𝑑𝑡 3(1 + 𝑡2) 3 3(1 + 𝑡2)
𝑑𝑦 − 𝑡
2 −2𝑡 𝑑𝑦
𝑢= + 𝑝(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡 (1 + 𝑡2) 3(1 + 𝑡2) 𝑑𝑥 2𝑡
∫− 𝑑𝑡
𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑒 (1+𝑡2)
1
𝑑𝑧 1 ln (
)
−∫
𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑧 = 𝑒−𝑙𝑛|𝑧| = 𝑒𝑙𝑛|𝑧| =𝑒 1+𝑡2 𝑧 = 1 + 𝑡2, 𝑑𝑧 = 2𝑡𝑑𝑡
1

𝑢(𝑡) =
1 + 𝑡2
𝑑𝑢 2𝑡 −2𝑡 1
[ − 𝑢= )]
𝑑𝑡 1 + 𝑡2 (1 + 𝑡2 (1 + 𝑡2)

𝑑 𝑡 −2𝑡
[ 2 𝑢] =
𝑑𝑡 1 + 𝑡 (1 + 𝑡2)2

𝑡 −2𝑡
∫𝑑[ 𝑢] = ∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝑧 = 1 + 𝑡2, 𝑑𝑧 = 2𝑡𝑑𝑡
1 + 𝑡2 (1 + 𝑡2)2
1 𝑑𝑧

𝑢 = −∫
1 + 𝑡2 𝑧2
1
𝑢 = − ∫ 𝑧−2𝑑𝑧 𝑢 = 𝑦−3
1 + 𝑡2
1 1
1+𝑡 𝑧
+𝑐 2𝑢 =
1 1
𝑢= +𝑐
1 + 𝑡2 1 + 𝑡2
1 1
[ 𝑦−3 = + 𝑐] (1 + 𝑡2)
1+𝑡 2
1 + 𝑡2

𝑦−3 = 1 + 𝑐(1 + 𝑡2)

En los problemas 21 y 22 resuelva el problema que se presenta con
valores iniciales.

𝒅𝒚
𝟐𝟐. 𝒚𝟏⁄𝟐 + 𝒚𝟑⁄𝟐 = 𝟏, 𝒚(𝟎) = 𝟒
𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑦
𝑦1⁄2 + 𝑦3⁄2 = 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
[𝑦1⁄2 + 𝑦3⁄2 = 1] (𝑦−1⁄2)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑦 = 𝑦−1⁄2
𝑑𝑥
 1
1−(− ) → 𝒖 = 𝒚𝟑⁄𝟐
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑢 = 𝑦 2

𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑢
𝑦 = 𝑢2⁄3 = 𝑢−1⁄3

𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑑𝑢 3
[ 𝑢−1⁄3 + 𝑢2⁄3 = 𝑢−1⁄3] ( 𝑢1⁄2)
3 𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑𝑢 3 3 3
[ + 𝑢 = ] (𝑒2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 2 2
3
𝑥
3 3
𝑥

𝑑 [𝑒2 𝑢] = 𝑒2 𝑑𝑥
2
3𝑥 3 3
𝑥

∫ 𝑑 [𝑒2 𝑢] = ∫ 𝑒2 𝑑𝑥
2

𝑥
3 3 2 3𝑥
𝑒2 𝑢 = ( 𝑒2 ) + 𝑐
2 3

3 3
𝑥 𝑥
𝑒2 𝑢 = 𝑒2 + 𝑐
𝟑 𝟑
𝒙 𝟑⁄ 𝒙

𝒆𝟐 𝒚 𝟐 = 𝒆𝟐 + 𝒄, 𝑦(0) = 4

3⁄
𝑐 = 𝑒0(4) 2 − 𝑒0

𝑐 =8−1

𝑐=7
3𝑥 3𝑥 −3𝑥
3⁄

[𝑒2 𝑦 2 = 𝑒2 + 7] (𝑒 2 )

𝟑 𝟑
𝒚 ⁄𝟐 = 𝟏 + 𝟕𝒆−𝟐𝒙
Cada una de las ED de los problemas 23 a 30 es de la forma dada en la
ecuación (5)

En los problemas 23 a 28 resuelva la ecuación diferencial dada usando una

sustitución adecuada.

𝒅𝒚 𝟏−𝒙−𝒚
24. =
𝒅𝒙 𝒙+𝒚

𝑑𝑦 = 1 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 → 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑦; 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 − 1 → 𝑑𝑢 − 1 = 1 − 𝑢
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢

𝑑𝑢 1 − 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 1 − 𝑢 + 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 1
= +1 → = → = → 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑢

𝒙 + 𝒚 = √𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄
𝒅𝒚
26. = 𝐒𝐞𝐧 (𝐱 + 𝐲)
𝒅𝒙

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 1
𝑢 = 𝑆𝑒𝑛 (𝑥 + 𝑦); = −1 → −1 = 𝑢 → =𝑢+1 → 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢+1
1
∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 → ln(𝑢 + 1) + 𝑐 = 𝑥 + 𝑐 → ln(𝑆𝑒𝑛 (𝑥 + 𝑦) + 1) = 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑢+1
𝑒ln(𝑆𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦)+1) = 𝑒𝑥+𝑐 → 𝑆𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑒𝑥+𝑐 − 1 → 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑆𝑒𝑛−1(𝑒𝑥+𝑐 − 1)

𝒚 = 𝑺𝒆𝒏−𝟏(𝒄𝒆𝒙 − 𝟏) – 𝒙

𝒅𝒚
28. = 𝟏 + 𝒆𝒚−𝒙+𝟓
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 1
𝒅𝒙 𝑑
𝑢 = 𝑒𝑦−𝑥+5; = −1 → = 𝑢 → 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 → ∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑢
𝑒𝑦
→ 𝑙𝑛[𝑢] + 𝐶 = 𝑥 + 𝐶 → 𝑙𝑛[𝑒𝑦−𝑥+5] = 𝑥 + 𝐶 → 𝑒𝑦−𝑥+5 = 𝑥 + 𝐶 → = 𝑥+𝐶
𝑒𝑥+5

→ 𝑒𝑦 = 𝑒𝑥+5(𝑥 + 𝐶) → ln(𝑒𝑒𝑦) = ln (𝑒𝑥+5(𝑥 + 𝐶)) = 𝑦

= ln(𝑒𝑥+5) + 𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 𝐶)
→ 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 5 + 𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 𝐶)
En los problemas 29 y 30 resuelva el problema que se presenta con valores iniciales.

𝑑𝑦 3𝑥 + 2𝑦
30. = ; 𝑦(−1) = −1
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 2

Solución:
dy 3x + 2y
=
dx 3x + 2x + 2
1 du 3 u
[ − = ] (2)
2 dx 2 u + 2
du 2u
= +3
dx u+2
du 2u + 3u + 6
=
dx u+2
 du 5u + 6
=
dx u+2
u+2
∫ du = ∫ dx
5u + 6
5 u+2
∫ du = ∫ dx
5 5u + 6

1 5u + 10
∫ du = x + c
5 5u + 6

1 5u + 6 + 4
∫ du = x + c
5 5u + 6
1 5u + 6 + 4
∫ du = x + c
5 5u + 6
1 4
∫ (1 + ) du = x + c
5 5u + 6
1 du
u +4∫( ) du = x + c
5 25u + 30

1 1 dz
u + 4∫ ( ) = x +c
5 z 25
1 4
u+ ln25u + 30 = x + c
5 25
1 4

[ (3x + 2y) + ln (25(3x + 2y) + 30) = x + c] (25)

5 25
5(3x + 2y) + 4ln (75x + 50y + 30) = 25x + c′

𝟏𝟎𝐲 − 𝟏𝟎𝐱 + 𝟒𝐥𝐧 (𝟕𝟓𝐱 + 𝟓𝟎𝐲 + 𝟑𝟎) = 𝐜′

y(−1) = −1 ; x = −1, y = −1

−10 + 10 + 4ln (−75 − 50 + 30) = c′

𝐜′ = 𝟒𝐥𝐧(𝟗𝟓)
1
[10y − 10x + 4ln (75x + 50y + 30) = 4ln(95)] ( )
2
5y − 5x + 2ln (75x + 50y + 30) = 2ln(95)
PROBLEMAS PARA ANALIZAR
32. Ponga la ecuación diferencial homogénea
(𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚𝟐)𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒚𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎

𝑑𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= 𝐹( )
𝑥

=> (5𝑥2 − 2𝑦2)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0

=> −𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = −(5𝑥2 − 2𝑦2)𝑑𝑥
 (5𝑥2−2𝑦2)
=> 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
−𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑦 (5𝑥2−2𝑦2)
=> =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑦 5𝑥2 2𝑦2
=> = −
𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦

𝑦
𝑑𝑦 5𝑥2 2𝑦3 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑦
=> = − => = 5 − 2 => =5 −2

𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑥
5
𝐹(𝑢) = − 2𝑢
𝑢

34. En el ejemplo 3, la solución y(x) es ilimitada conforme x→ ±∞. Sin embargo, y(x) es asintótica a una
curva con forme x → ± − ∞ y a una curva diferente conforme x → ∞
. ¿Cuáles son las ecuaciones de estas curvas?

𝑢=-3, y =2x

36. Determine una sustitución adecuada para resolver

Xy´ y ln (xy).
𝑦𝐼𝑛(𝑥𝑦)
Y´= y´ = 𝑥
𝑦𝐼𝑛(𝑥𝑦)
Y´= 𝑥
𝑥𝑣´−𝑣(𝑥𝑦) 𝑣𝐼𝑛( 𝑢)
𝑥2
= 𝑥2
V= 𝑒𝑐1x1
𝑒𝑐1𝑥−1
y==
𝑥
38. Crecimiento de la población En el estudio de la población dinámica uno de los más famosos
modelos para un crecimiento poblacional limitado es la ecuación logística
𝑑𝑝
= 𝑝(𝑎 − 𝑏𝑝)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑝
= 𝑃(𝑎 − 𝑏𝑃) ⇒ 𝑝´ = 𝑎𝑃´ − 𝑏𝑃2
𝑑𝑡
⇒ 𝑝´ . 𝑎𝑃 = −𝑏𝑃2
𝑃´ 𝑎
⇒ 2 − = −𝑏
𝑃 𝑝
𝑃´
Z=𝑃−1 ⇒ 𝑧´ = −𝑃−2𝑝´ ⇒ 𝑧´ = −
𝑃2
-z´-az = -b
Z´+az=b

Z=𝑒∫ 𝑎𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑏𝑒∫ 𝑎𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒− ∫ 𝑎𝑑𝑥

TAREA 3

En los problemas 1 a 15 determine la solución general de la ecuación diferencial dada.

Indique el intervalo I mas largo en el que está definida la solución general. Determine si hay
algunos términos transitorios en la solución general.

𝑑𝑦
1) = 5𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 5𝑦 → 𝑦 ′ − 5𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝜇 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 ∫(−5)𝑑𝑥 → 𝜇 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 −5𝑥
𝑒 −5𝑥 𝑦 ′ − 5𝑦𝑒 −5𝑥 = 0
(𝑒 −5𝑥 𝑦)′ = 0
𝑒 −5𝑥 𝑦 = ∫ 0 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑒 −5𝑥 𝑦 = 𝐶
∴ 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 −5𝑥 , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞

𝑑𝑦
2) + 2𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
+ 2𝑦 = 0 → 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝜇 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 ∫ 2𝑑𝑥 → 𝜇(𝑥 ) = 𝑒 2𝑥
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦𝑒 2𝑥 = 0
(𝑒 2𝑥 𝑦)′ = 0
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑦 = ∫ 0𝑑𝑥 → 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑦 = 𝐶

∴ 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 −2𝑥 , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞

𝑑𝑦
3) + 𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥 → 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝜇 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 → 𝜇 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥
(𝑒 𝑥 𝑦)′ = 𝑒 4𝑥
1
𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 4𝑥 + 𝐶
4
1
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥 −∞<𝑥 <∞
4

𝑑𝑦
4) 3 + 12𝑦 = 4
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 4
3 + 12𝑦 = 4 → + 4𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3
𝜇 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 ∫ 4𝑑𝑥 → 𝜇(𝑥 ) = 𝑒 4𝑥
𝑑𝑦 4
𝑒 4𝑥 + 4𝑒 4𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 4𝑥
𝑑𝑥 3
4
(𝑒 4𝑥 𝑦)′ = 𝑒 4𝑥
3
4 4 1
𝑒 4𝑥 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑒 4𝑥 𝑦 = ∙ 𝑒 4𝑥 + 𝐶
3 3 4
1
𝑒 4𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 4𝑥 + 𝐶
3

1
∴𝑦= + 𝐶𝑒 −4𝑥 , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
3

5) 𝑦 ′ + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑥 2
𝜌(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2
2 3
𝜇 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 ∫ 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥
3 3 3
𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 ′ + 3𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥
3 ′ 3 3 3
(𝑒 𝑥 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 → 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 2𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 3 1 3
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ∙ (3𝑥 2𝑑𝑥 ) → 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
3 3
 1 3
𝑦= + 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥
3
1 3
∴𝑦= + 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥 , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
3

6) 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥𝑦 = x 3
𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 3
𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥𝑦 = 0
′
𝑦′ 𝑦 ′ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = −2𝑥𝑦 → = −2𝑥 → ∫ = −2 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑦
=∫ = −2 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦
2 2 2
ln 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 𝑐 → 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 +𝑐 → 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑐 → 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥
2
𝑦𝑐 = 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥
2 2 2
𝑦 = 𝑢(𝑥 )𝑒 −𝑥 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑢′ (𝑥 )𝑒 −𝑥 − 2𝑢 (𝑥 )𝑥𝑒 −𝑥
2 2 2 2 2
𝑢′ (𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥 − 2𝑢(𝑥)𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑢(𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑥 3 → 𝑢′ (𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑥 3 → 𝑢′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 𝑒 𝑥
2 1 2 2
𝑢(𝑥 ) = ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑢(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − 1)𝑒 𝑥
2
1 2 2 2
𝑦= (𝑥 − 1)𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥
2
1
𝑦𝑝 = (𝑥 2 − 1)
2

2 1
∴ 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 1)
2

7) 𝑥 2𝑦 ′ + 𝑥𝑦 = 1
𝑝(𝑥 ) = 𝑦 ′ + 𝑥 −1𝑦 = 𝑥 −2
−1
𝑝(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 −1 → 𝜇(𝑥 )𝑒 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥 −1
(𝑥𝑦)′ = 𝑥 −1 → 𝑥𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑥𝑦 = ln 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦 = 𝑥 −1 ln 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 −1

∴ 𝑦 = 𝑥 −1 ln 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥 −1 , 0 < 𝑥 < ∞, (0, ∞)

8) 𝑦 ′ = 2𝑦 + 𝑥 2 + 5
𝑦 ′ + 𝑝(𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 5
𝑝(𝑥 ) = −2
𝑢(𝑥 ) = 𝑒 ∫ −2𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑦 ′ − 2𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 5𝑒 −2𝑥
(𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑦)′ = 𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 5𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 5𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 5
𝑒 −2𝑥 = − (2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)𝑒 −2𝑥 − 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝑐
4 2
1 5
𝑦 = − (2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1) − + 𝐶𝑒 2𝑥
4 2
1 1 11
∴ 𝑦 = − 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − + 𝐶𝑒 2𝑥 , (−∞, ∞)
2 2 4

𝑑𝑦
9) 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 sen 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 ′ + 𝑝(𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑦 ′ − 𝑥 −1𝑦 = 𝑥 sen 𝑥
𝑝(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 −1
−1 −1
𝑢(𝑥 ) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 − ln 𝑥 = 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥 −1
𝑥 −1𝑦 ′ − 𝑥 −2𝑦 = sen 𝑥
(𝑥 −1𝑦)′ = sen 𝑥 → 𝑥 −1𝑦 = ∫ sen 𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝑐
= 𝑦 = −𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 → 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑥 − 𝑥 cos 𝑥

∴ 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑥 − 𝑥 cos 𝑥 , (0, +∞)

𝑑𝑦
10) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 ′ + 𝑝(𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥 −1𝑦 = 3𝑥 −1
𝑝(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 − 1
2
𝑢(𝑥 ) = 𝑒 ∫ 2𝑥−1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 2 ln 𝑥 = 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥 2
𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 = 3𝑥
3
(𝑥 2 𝑦)′ = 3𝑥 → 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑐
2
3
∴𝑦= + 𝐶𝑥 −2 , (0, +∞)
2

𝑑𝑦
11) 𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 ′ + 𝑝(𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑦 ′ + 4𝑥 −1𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 1
𝑝(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 −1
−1 4
𝑢(𝑥 ) = 𝑒 ∫ 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 4 ln 𝑥 = 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥 4
𝑥 4 𝑦 ′ + 4𝑥 3 𝑦 = 𝑥 6 − 𝑥 4
(𝑥 4 𝑦)′ = 𝑥 6 − 𝑥 4 → 𝑥 4 𝑦 = ∫(𝑥 6 − 𝑥 4 )𝑑𝑥
1 7 1 5
= 𝑥 − 𝑥 +𝑐
7 5
1 3 1 −4
∴𝑦= 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥 𝑥 , (0, +∞)
7 5

𝑑𝑦
12) (1 + 𝑥 ) − 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 ′ + 𝑝(𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥 𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 )
𝑦′ − 𝑦=
1+𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 )
𝑥
𝑝(𝑥 ) =
𝑥+1
𝑥
𝑢(𝑥 ) = 𝑒 ∫ − 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1
𝑥 1
∫− 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (−1 + ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
−𝑥 + ln|𝑥 + 1|
= 𝑒 −𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 ln|𝑥+1|
= 𝑒 −𝑥 ∙ (𝑥 + 1)
𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)𝑦 ′ − 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)𝑒 −𝑥

(𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)𝑦)′ = −𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) + 𝑒 −𝑥 ∙ 1
= −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 → 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)𝑦 = ∫(𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
−𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 3) + 𝑐
(−𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 3) 𝐶𝑒 𝑥
𝑦= +
𝑥+1 𝑥+1

𝐶𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 3
∴𝑦= , (−1, +∞)
𝑥+1
13) 𝑥 2𝑦 ′ + 𝑥 (𝑥 + 2)𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑦 ′ + 𝑝(𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑦 ′ + 𝑥 −1(𝑥 + 2)𝑦 = 𝑥 −2𝑒 𝑥
𝑝(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 −1(𝑥 + 2) = 1 + 2𝑥 −1
−1 2
𝑢(𝑥 ) = 𝑒 ∫ 1+2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥+2 ln 𝑥 → 𝑒 𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 2 ln 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 ln 𝑥
→ 𝑥2
𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 ′ + 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 + 2)𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥
𝑥
(𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦)′ = 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 → 𝑥 𝑒 (𝑥 + 2)𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥
(𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦)′ = 𝑒 2𝑥
1
𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑐
2
1
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑥 −2𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥 −2 𝑒 −𝑥 , (0, +∞)
2

14) 𝑥𝑦 ′ + (1 + 𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 sen 2𝑥
𝑦 ′ + 𝑝(𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥)
1+𝑥
𝑦′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥 −1𝑒 −𝑥 sen 2𝑥
𝑥
1+𝑥
𝑝(𝑥 ) = = 𝑥 −1 + 1
𝑥
−1
𝑢(𝑥 )𝑒 ∫(𝑥 +1)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ln 𝑥+𝑥 = 𝑒 ln 𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 𝑥
𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥
𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 ′ + (1 + 𝑥 )𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 = sen 2𝑥
(𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑦)′ + (1 + 𝑥)𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 = sen 2𝑥
(𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑦)′ = sen 2𝑥
1
𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 = ∫ sen 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 2𝑥 + 𝑐
2
1 −1 −𝑥
𝑦 = − 𝑥 𝑒 (cos 2𝑥 + 𝑐)
2
1
∴ 𝑦 = − 𝑥 −1𝑒 −𝑥 (cos 2𝑥 + 𝑐), (0, +∞)
2

15) 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 4(𝑥 + 𝑦 6 )𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑦 ′ + 𝑝(𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥 )
𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 4(𝑥 + 𝑦 6 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑦= − 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 −6 = 0
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 4
− 𝑥 = 4𝑦 5 , 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑦 ≠ 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
4 4
∫ −𝑦𝑑𝑦 −4
𝑝(𝑦) = − ; 𝑢(𝑦) = 𝑒 = 𝑒 −4 ln 𝑦 = 𝑒 ln 𝑦
𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑦−4 − 4𝑦 −5 𝑥 = 4𝑦
𝑑𝑦
(𝑦 −4 𝑥)′ = 4𝑦 → ∫ 4𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑦 2 + 𝑐

∴ 𝑥 = 2𝑦 6 + 𝐶𝑦 4 , (0, +∞)