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Concepts of Biology 3rd Edition Mader Test Bank Download
Concepts of Biology 3rd Edition Mader Test Bank Download
Chapter 08
Cellular Reproduction
Cancer is uncontrolled cell division. Uncontrolled growth leading to a tumor is characteristic of multicellular cell dividing
organisms.
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
When a cell becomes cancerous, it loses its specialization and becomes youthful again—it starts to divide and divide, until a
tumor exists. The tumor interferes with the operation of the organ. Cancers of the blood have abnormal cells coursing through
the bloodstream. When cell division genes mutate, uncontrolled division so characteristic of cancer becomes possible.
Therefore, cancer is a genetic disorder.
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
3. Which of these reasons for cell divison goes beyond the normal requirements for it?
A. to make new immune cells when the organism is sick
B. to replace old cells
C. to make extra copies of DNA to store for later use
D. to make new cells as the organism grows
E. to repair damaged tissue
In the cell cycle, interphase (G1, S, G2 stages) precedes the M stage (mitosis and cytokinesis).
For most of the cell cycle, the cell is in interphase, defined as the period of time between cell divisions.
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
6. This figure shows the cell cycle. What does "e" represent?
A. Interphase
B. G1
C. S
D. Cytokinesis
E. Mitosis
Refer to Figure 8.2A and discussion of the cell cycle on page 145. Cytokinesis is the last step of the cell cycle.
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
7. This figure shows the cell cycle. What does "c" represent?
A. Mitosis
B. Cytokinesis
C. G1
D. Interphase
E. S
Refer to Figure 8.2A and discussion of the cell cycle on page 145.
8. While observing some cells, a scientist sees the organelles double in one cell. That cell is in
what phase of the cell cycle?
A. S
B. G0
C. G1
D. Cytokinesis
E. Mitosis
As soon as a cell makes a commitment to divide, during G1 it increases in size, doubles its organelles (such as mitochondria
and ribosomes), and accumulates molecules that will be used for DNA synthesis.
The “S” stands for synthesis, and certainly DNA synthesis occurs as DNA replicates.
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
10. What material is seen when examining a chromosome in its relaxed form?
A. chromatin
B. chromatids
C. centromeres
D. centrosomes
E. cytokinesis
Relaxed chromosomes have a diffuse appearance, and the material seen is called chromatin.
11. If a diploid parent cell undergoes mitosis, then afterwards there will be
A. four haploid daughter cells
B. two haploid daughter cells
C. two diploid daughter cells
D. one haploid daughter cell and one diploid daughter cell
E. four diploid daughter cells
Following mitosis, daughter cells have the same chromosome count as the parent cell.
12. If the total number of chromosomes in parent cell is six, then after mitosis there will be
A. three chromosomes in each daughter cell
B. three chromosomes in one daughter cell and six chromosomes in the other cell
C. six chromosomes in each daughter cell
D. two chromosomes in each daughter cell, one from each parent
E. 12 chromosomes in each daughter cell
Following mitosis, daughter cells have the same chromosome count as the parent cell.
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
13. Which option associates a type of animal cell with the genetic condition of another kind of
animal cell?
A. somatic cells-diploid
B. somatic cells-haploid
C. somatic cells-triploid
D. gamete cells-haploid
E. gamete cells-triploid
14. If an animal leg cell has 50 chromosomes, then what is haploid number of this species?
A. 25 chromosomes
B. 100 chromosomes
C. 50 chromosomes
D. 50 pairs of chromosomes
E. 25 pairs of chromosomes
Animal cells are diploid (2n), so the haploid (1n) number would be half that number.
15. During _______________, the nuclear envelope disappears, and the chromosomes
become distinct.
A. telophase
B. prophase
C. interphase
D. metaphase
E. anaphase
During prophase, chromatin is condensing into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope is fragmenting.
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
17. In mitosis, the chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell during
A. prophase
B. telophase
C. anaphase
D. interphase
E. metaphase
18. If you observed the sister chromatids separating during cell division, what phase of
mitosis would you be observing?
A. metaphase
B. cytokinesis
C. telophase
D. anaphase
E. prophase
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
In plant cells, cytokinesis involves the formation of a new plasma membrane and cell wall at a cell plate.
The G1 checkpoint is especially significant, because if the cell cycle passes this checkpoint, the cell is committed to divide.
At the G1 checkpoing, if DNA is damaged and repair is not possible, apoptosis (programmed cell death) occurs.
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
22. Molecules which stimulate or inhibit cell division are referred to as what?
A. control molecules
B. signaling molecules
C. contact molecules
D. transduction molecules
E. checkpoint molecules
23. Which sentence is true of most non-cancer cells, rather than of cancer cells?
A. They undergo metastasis and promote angiogenesis
B. They lack differentiation
C. They are specialized
D. They have abnormal nuclei
E. They can form tumors
Cancer cells have abnormal characteristics: lack differentiation, have abnormal nuclei, form tumors, undergo metastasis
(formation of tumors distant from primary tumor), and promote angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels).
24. The formation of new blood cells within a tumor is referred to as carcinogenesis.
FALSE
Carcinogenesis is the development of cancer. Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels.
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
25. During which stage do homologous chromosomes move away from each other?
A. metaphase II
B. anaphase II
C. anaphase I
D. metaphase I
E. prophase
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
Cell cycle checkpoints assure that everything has been completed/prepared in one stage before the next stage can begin.
28. Animal cells and plant cells use different mechanisms of cytokinesis.
TRUE
Animal cells pinch apart, while plant cells form a cell plate, during cytokinesis.
29. The spindle has not changed significantly during the evolution of eukaryotic organisms.
FALSE
The spindle has changed during evolution, particularly with regard to interaction with the nuclear envelope.
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
31. A scientist studying two daughter cells resulting from mitosis will find them to be
genetically identical.
TRUE
32. A plant cell with four copies of every chromosome would produce daughter cells
containing
A. four copies of every chromosome.
B. two copies of every chromosome.
C. two copies of some chromosomes.
D. one copy of every chromosome.
E. four copies of some chromosomes.
Mitosis produces daughter cells which are genetically identical to the mother cell.
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
33. Cancer cells result from the mutation of the DNA in non-cancerous cells.
TRUE
Cancer cells have altered DNA, which leads to their non-normal identity and behavior.
35. Due to the changes in cancer cells, they have abnormal subcellular organelles called
A. nuclei.
B. mitochondria.
C. ribosomes.
D. peroxisomes.
E. lysosomes.
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
36. The formation of cancers often involve angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels.
TRUE
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
38. During the S phase of the cell cycle, the cell does what?
A. sort chromosomes
B. synthesize DNA
C. segregate organelles
D. synthesize RNA
E. separate ribosomes
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
Smoking cigarettes is a major risk factor for certain cancers, especially lung cancer.
40. Which of the following would decrease one's risk of getting cancer?
A. increased exposure to radiation
B. increased consumption of antioxidants
C. increased frequency of smoking
D. increased body weight
E. increased comsumption of alcohol
Antioxidant molecules, such as the pigments in plant foods, help reduce the risk of cancer.
41. When cancer has spread beyond its original location, it is said to have metastasized.
TRUE
Metastasis represents a more dangerous advance in the progress of a cancer, as the cancer expands beyond its original
location.
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
42. When observing an animal cell in telophase, you would expect to observe the formation of
a(n)
A. cleavage furrow.
B. cell plate.
C. spindle.
D. interphase junction.
E. anaphase plate.
Animal cells divide physically by pinching in the center, with that structure being called a cleavage furrow.
43. The new chromosomes which separate after metaphase are known as
A. sibling chromosomes.
B. daughter chromosomes.
C. artificial chromosomes.
D. homologous chromosomes.
E. copied chromosomes.
The new chromosomes which separate after metaphase are daughter chromosomes.
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
44. A cell which has passed the G1 checkpoint is committed to synthesizing DNA.
TRUE
45. A scientist observes a cell which is stopped at the M checkpoint for an unusually long
time. The scientist should guess that
A. a problem has occurred with chromosome distribution.
B. the cell hasn't finished synthesizing DNA.
C. chromatin has not condensed yet.
D. organelles are blocking spindle formation.
E. there are not enough microtubules.
The M checkpoint involves a cell making sure of equal distribution of daughter chromosomes.
46. A cell which has been irreparably damaged DNA would be eliminated by apoptosis.
TRUE
Apoptosis, programmed cell death, deliberately eliminates a range of cells which are no longer needed or which are no longer
functional.
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
47. When you get a sunburn as the result of absorbing too much solar radiation, badly
damaged cells can be eliminated by
A. interphase.
B. apoptosis.
C. spindle formation.
D. sloughing off.
E. immune reactions.
Cells in G0 have left the cell cyle and its various stages.
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Chapter 08 - Cellular Reproduction
49. Observing a tumor in a lab rat, you observe a large mass of cancerous cells. This should
be called a(n)
A. tumor.
B. metastatic mass.
C. growth.
D. cancer bundle.
E. anomalous body.
50. It is possible to reprogram adult cells, such as epidermal cells, to produce stem cells for
therapeutic uses.
TRUE
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