x

H®ŒÆ
2009 − 2018 cýK®o

xMŠ: H®ŒÆ p“K8' ~5, õêÑ´~„ -:, ‰ÐrzÆSóŠ• ˜‡ Ð ©ê´Ø

J . ´H®ŒÆ ê© J, Ù̇J:3u 9 •£:' , ~kõ ¼ê 4•†ëY, õ ¼ê‡©
Æ, Û¼ê, ‡©•§ c K8Ñy. ¤±J2Ž‡•H®ŒÆ ÓÆ, 3‰Ðp“ ¡ES Óž, „‡5¿
84ê© •ÁK.-:ES.
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EX ®o?ÈÑ5, •¤©•‰•ï
LAT , Óž x•é\ Áz La-! , duY²k•, ýK®o?ÈJ•
k†, •žÖö1µ• .

(é–ýK:

1. ýK, ¿Ø@o-‡, ‰ ¡ESâ´›‘ƒ . @@m©“ïÄ”ýK ¦ ES¡¡z! ¤¢ ¡ES,

• ´‡ÀJ˜ ·ÜgC ë•Ö, wnoH! ƒÕnU‹~, üUè .

2. ýKwC›c Òv , , ýK •Ø˜½´€¯, Ï•ùŒ±½¦·‚• ¡/ES!

3. vk‰Y ýK´-y·‚ØäÆS Äå! •ï´þ, vkŸo'ÏLgCãå g•Ñ5˜‡JK•4

<m% ¯ ! ‡rN ´: ES‡±Ö•Ì, ýK•9. ØU " ˜!

4. ïýK‰Y´š~زœ ÀJ! Ï•rýKÑtà ÒvkES Äå , ¤±@@ïýK‰Y <

•¬‰@oA‡K. XJš‡ïýK‰Y, xïƇ3›˜± .

5. ؇•w˜‡Æ ýK, O Æ •ww. Ï•õ„K’½v€?!

xMŠ:
†Ù ~~, ØXò ( . û½ •ï, Ò‡&¦ å, kOy ¢/j± .. sA‡ ;%‰˜‡¯
, §7,¬‰\£ , $–´\¿ŽØ ¯U!

1. kOy´ÆSÄå , ‡›½˜‡·ÜgC Oy(ØUõ•ØU ), ÃØ ºe…, 7L‡ ¤ U

Oy. Ž ? @Òk ¤²U Oy, ²U !

2. ¢, Ò´`‡lÄ: ‘ m©Æ, =¦{ü, •‡@@ýýà ˜H! ƒÕúpÃ$.

3. j± .Ò´±ƒ±ð, P4: 1zpöŒÊ›!

2w:
xêÆ©Û†p “ê•ï9 ‘§Œ±×£ýKmþ ‘è'5 x‡&ú¯Ò, ?1 ¶. 5u“
Œ‡êÆ©Û6†5 ®ŒÆ‡p “ê6Àª‘Ñkí!

2018 c 3 27 F

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 8¹

1 H®ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 4

2 H®ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 6

3 H®ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 8

4 H®ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 10

5 H®ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 11

6 H®ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 12

7 H®ŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 13

8 H®ŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 14

9 H®ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 15

10 H®ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 16

11 H®ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 17

12 H®ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 18

13 H®ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 19

14 H®ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 20

15 H®ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 21

16 H®ŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 22

17 H®ŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 23

18 H®ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 24

19 H®ŒÆ 2018 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 25

3
 1. H®ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜. äK(z K 4 ©, 40 ©)
äe •ã´Ä (, ¿`²nd.

1. f (λ) ´ê• P þ•pg‘ Xê• 1 n (> 1) g õ‘ª, K f (λ) ˜½´,‡ n • A A

õ‘ª.
2. m¥ ±ål C†˜½´ C†.
3. A ´n Ý , KkŒU•3 Ý T, ¦ T −1 AT •é Ý .
4. σ, τ ´‚5˜m V ü‡‚5C†, K στ − τ σ ˜½Ø´ð C†.
5. m(λ) ´ n Ý A • õ‘ª, K A A Š˜½´ m(λ) Š.
6. XJ n Ý A ÚB • õ‘ªƒ ¿… u§‚ A õ‘ª, K A Ú B ƒq.
7. XJ n Œ_• A ÚB Š‘Ý ƒ , K A = B.
8. XJ A ´ n ½Ý , K A Ìé ‚þ ƒ Œu".
9. f (X) = X T AX ´˜ n ¢ g., K f (X) = 0 )8Ü´ Rn f˜m.
 
 A B 
10. e A, B, C, D þ• n Ý , … A Œ_, XJ AC = CA, K   = |AD − CB|.
 
 C D 

. W˜K(z K 6 ©, 30 ©)
 
0 1 1
 
1. Ý A=
 1 0 1  . XJò A w¤Eê•þ Ý , KÙ Jordan IO.• , XJò A w
1 1 0
¤knê•þ Ý , ÙknIO.• .
2. 4 ?êiÝ A • õ‘ª• (λ + 1)3 , K A ÜØCÏf• .
   
−2 0 0 −1 0 0
   
3. A= 3 a 2  †B = 0 2 0 
  
 ƒq, K a = , b= .
4 1 1 0 0 b
 
1 −1 0
 
4. 3 ‘m V ˜|Ä α1 , α2 , α3 ÝþÝ •   −1 2 0  . K•þ 2α1 + 3α2 − α3
 •
0 0 3
Ý• .
  
1 4 1 x1
  
5. ¢ g. f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 , x2 , x3 ) 
 0 1   x2  , K f (x1 , x2 , x3 )
3    Ý = , ÎÒ
3 1 1 x3
= .
 
 a
 11 a12 ··· a1n 
 
 a21 a22 · · · a2n 
n. ( 10 ©) D= . ..  , Aij • aij “ê{fª, 1 6 i, j 6 n.

 .. ..
 . . 
 
 an1 an2 · · · ann 
X
y²: XJ D ,1 ƒ • 1, K D = Aij .
16i,j6n

4
o. ( 15 ©)

(1) - σ • n ‘‚5˜m V ‚5C†, f (λ) • σ • õ‘ª. y²: XJ f (λ) = g(λ)h(λ) … g(λ) †

h(λ) pƒ, K V = L1 ⊕ L2 , Ù¥

L1 = {α ∈ V |g(σ)α = 0}, L2 = {α ∈ V |h(σ)α = 0}.

 
1 0 0
 
(2) 3 ‘‚5˜m V ‚5C† σ 3˜|Ä e1 , e2 , e3 e Ý •
 1 2 . ¦ σ
1  • õ‘ª
−1 0 1
f (λ), ¿éu f (λ) ˜gϪ•˜ ©)ªò V ©)•†Ú/ª.

Ê. ( 15 ©) A Ú C Ñ´ n ½Ý , B ´Ý •§ AX + XA = C •˜). y²:

(1) B ´¢é¡ .
(2) B ´ ½ .

8. ( 15 ©) n ‘m ü|Ä e1 , e2 , · · · , en Ú f1 , f2 , · · · , fn ¡•éóÄ, XJ


1, i = j,
(ei , fj ) =
0, i = 6 j.

(1) y²: é V ?˜|Ä e1 , e2 , · · · , en , ÙéóÄ•3¿…•˜(½.

(2) e1 = (1, 0, 0), e2 = (1, 1, 0), e3 = (1, 1, 1) • R3 ˜|Ä, Á¦ e1 , e2 , e3 éóÄ.

Ô. ( 15 ©) α, β • n ‘m Rn ¥ ü‡š" •þ. K αT β > 0 ¿©7‡^‡´•3 ½Ý A

¦ β = Aα.

l. ( 10 ©) A •n EÝ . y²: •3˜‡ n ‘•þ α, ¦ α, Aα, · · · , An−1 α ‚5Ã' ¿©7‡^

‡´ A z˜‡A ŠTk˜‡‚5Ã' A •þ.

5
 2. H®ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜. äK(z K 2 ©, 40 ©)
äe •ã´Ä (. e (, ž3)ÒS‹/+0; e†Ø, ž3)ÒS‹/)0.

1. f (x), g(x) Ñ´ê• P þõ‘ª. XJ f (x) † g(x), K•3ê• P þØŒ õ‘ª p(x) ¦
p(x)|f (x), ´ p(x) † g(x). ( )
2. P ´ê•, f (x) ∈ P [x]. XJ (f 0 (x), f 00 (x)) = 1, K f (x) -ϪѴ 2 -Ϫ. ( )
3. õ‘ª x4 + 1 3¢ê•þØŒ . ( )
4. •þ| αi = (1, ti , t2i , · · · , tn−1
i ), i = 1, 2, · · · , n, Ù¥ t1 , t2 , · · · , tn •pØƒÓ ê, K?˜ n ‘
•þÑŒd α1 , α2 , · · · , αn ‚5LÑ. ( )
5. α1 , α2 , · · · , αr ´ n ‘ • þ, A ´ n ? Œ _ Ý , K α1 , α2 , · · · , αr ‚ 5 ƒ ' …=
Aα1 , Aα2 , · · · , Aαr ‚5ƒ'. ( )
6. α1 , α2 , · · · , αr Ñ´šàg‚5•§| AX = β ), K α1 , α2 , · · · , αr ?˜‚5|Ü„´T•
§| ). ( )
7. A •s×n Ý , KA • u u r( r > 1) …= A ¥¤k r + 1 ?fªÑ´". ( )
8. A • n ?• ( n > 2), K |A| =
6 0 …= A 1•þ|‚5Ã'. ( )
9. ü‡ s × n Ý d …= §‚ •ƒÓ. ( )
10. • A Œ_ …= A ŒL•k•‡Ð Ý ¦È. ( )
11. A, B • n ?• ( n > 1), K A3 − B 3 = (A − B)(A2 + AB + B 2 ). ( )
12. ê• P þ?¿• A †Ù=˜ A0 ´ƒq . ( )
13. A ´ØŒ_¢• , ÙŠ‘Ý • A∗ , ¿… A0 = A∗ , K A = 0. ( )
14. ê• P þ• A A ŠÑ´ A • õ‘ª Š. ( )
15. m¥ ±•þ•ÝØC C†´ C†. ( )
16. XJ A ´ n ?¢Ý , ¿…•3 n ?¢Ý C ¦ A = C 0 C, K A ´ ½Ý . ( )
17. m¥ØÓÄ ÝþÝ ´ØÓ . ( )
18. A ´ n ?E• , KA ¤kÐ Ïf gêƒÚ u n. ( )
19. A ´ n ?¢é¡Ý , K•3 n ?¢é¡Ý B¦ A = B2. ( )
20. A ´3 ? Ý , KA é ‚ ƒƒÚ• −1 …= −1 ´ A A Š. ( )

. W˜K(z K 4 ©, 40 ©)
 
 a
 11 a12 a13 a14 
 
 1 2 2 2 
1. 1 ª  ¥ ƒ a1j “ê{fª• A1j (j = 1, 2, 3, 4), K A11 + A12 + A13 +
 1 3 4 5 
 
 1 5 10 17 
A14 = .
2. αi = (ai1 , ai2 , ai3 , ai4 ), i = 1, 2, 3; βj = (a1j , a2j , a3j ), j = 1, 2, 3, 4. XJ•þ| α1 , α2 , α3 ‚5Ã
', K•þ| β1 , β2 , β3 , β4 •• .
3. α1 , α2 , α3 ‚5Ã', β1 = 3α1 + (k + 1)α2 + 5α3 , β2 = kα1 + α2 + α3 , β3 = kα2 + 4α3 , K β1 , β2 , β3
‚5ƒ' ¿‡^‡´ k = .

6
 4. α = (a1 , a2 , · · · , an ), E ´ n ?ü Ý , K |E + α0 α| = .
1
5. A • n ?• ¿… |A| = −5, A2 − 3A + AA∗ = 0, K A−1 = .
5
 
1 3
 
6. 3 ?• A •• 2, B =  3 k  
 , ¿… AB = 0, K k = .
5 15
7. A • n ?• , E • n ?ü Ý , A 6= E, A2 = E, K |A + E| = .
   
1 1 0 2 1 1
   
8. Ý •§  0 1 1 X = 
  1 −1 1   )• .
0 0 1 1 1 1
 
A −A 0
 
9. n ?• A • õ‘ª• f (x) ¿… f (0) 6= 0, KÝ  A −A
 0 
 • õ‘ª• .
0 0 A
10. α1 , α2 , · · · , αn ´ê• P þ ‚5˜m V ˜|•• r •þ|, K¦ k1 α1 +k2 α2 +· · ·+kn αn = 0
n
n ‘•þ (k1 , k2 , · · · , kn ) N ¤ 8Ü´ P ‘f˜m.

n. ( 10 ©) ¦ t Š¦ f (x) = x3 + tx2 + 3x + 1 k-Š, ¿¦Ñ-Š9Ù-ê.

o. ( 15 ©) 3 ?¢é¡Ý A •• 2, λ1 = λ2 = 6 ´ A -A Š, α1 = (1, 1, 0)0 , α2 = (2, 1, 1)0 Ñ´

A áuA Š6 A •þ.

1. ¦ A ,˜A Š9Ù ÜA •þ.

2. ¦Ý A.

Ê. ( 15 ©) ®• g. f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 2x21 + 3x22 + 3x23 + 2tx2 x3 (Ù¥ t > 0) Œ±ÏL C†z•IO/

y12 + 2y22 + 5y32 . ¦ t Ú¤^ C†.

8. ( 10 ©) n ?• A ÷v^‡ A2 + A + E = 0, Ù¥ E ´ n ?ü Ý . y²: éu?¿¢ê a, A − aE

ь_.

Ô. ( 10 ©) α, β Ñ´¢ê•þ n ‘ •þ, ¿… α 6= 0. ž E˜‡ n ?• A¦ A ÷ve¡ü‡^‡:

1. Aα = β,
2. éu•§ α0 X = 0 ?¿˜‡) X Ñk AX = X.

l. ( 10 ©) A •?¿E• . y²: •3†é Ý ƒq • S ±9˜"• N ¦ A = S + N ¿…

SN = N S.

7
 3. H®ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜. äK(z K 2 ©, 40 ©)
äe •ã´Ä (. e (, 3)ÒS‹/+;0e†Ø, 3)ÒS‹/).0

1. A, B • n ?• ( n > 1), K |A + B| = |A| + |B|. ( )

2. A, B • n ?• ( n > 1), K A2 − B 2 = (A − B)(A + B). ( )
3. ?¿ n ?• ÑŒL•˜‡ n ?é¡• †˜‡ n ?‡é¡• ƒÚ. ( )
4. A ´¢é¡• ¿… A = B 2 , K B •¢é¡• . ( )
5. A • s × n ¢Ý , A0 ´ A =˜, K• (A0 A) = •(A). ( )
6. A, B •?¿ü‡ s × n Ý , K A † B d ¿‡^‡´ A 1•þ|† B 1•þ| d.
( )
7. f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) † g(x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) Ñ´¢ g.. XJ§‚äkƒÓ •Ú .5•ê, KŒ²
šòz ‚5O†òÙ¥˜‡z•,˜‡. ( )
8. d‚5˜m V ¥ •þ α1 , α2 · · · , αn )¤ f˜m´ V •¹ù •þ f˜m¥ • ö.( )
9. α ´k•‘‚5˜m V ¥ ˜‡š"•þ, K α 'u V ü|ØÓÄ ‹I´ØÓ . ( )
10. V1 , V2 , V3 ´‚5˜m V f˜m, K (V1 + V2 ) ∩ V3 = (V1 ∩ V3 ) + (V2 ∩ V3 ). ( )
11. V ´ê• P þ˜‡ n ‘‚5˜m, K V þ N‚5C†• ¤ P þ˜‡ n ‘‚5˜m. ( )
12. òEê• C wŠEê•þ ‚5˜m, ½Â C C† A ¦ A (x) = x̄, Ù¥ x̄ ´ x ÝEê, K
A ´‚5C†. ( )
13. A ´ê• P þ n ‘‚5˜m V þ ˜‡‚5C†, Kéu P þ?¿ n ?Ý A, Ñ•3 V ˜|
Ħ A 3ù|Äe Ý ´ A. ( )
!
1 −1
14. R ´¢ê•, R2 ‚5C† σ 3,|Äe Ý • , K σ vkš²… ØCf˜m.
1 1
( )
15. n ? λ− Ý A(λ) ´Œ_ …= A(λ) • u n. ( )
16. k•‘‚5˜m V ?¿f˜mÑ´ V þ,‚5C† ØCf˜m. ( )
17. σ ´îª˜m V ˜‡C†. XJ σ ±SÈØC, =éu?¿ α, β ∈ V, Ñk (σ(α), σ(α)) =
(α, β), K σ ´ V V Ó N . ( )
18. V1 , V2 , W Ѵm V f˜m. XJ V1 ⊕ W = V = V2 ⊕ W … V1 ⊥ W, K V1 = V2 .
19. A ´ n ?¢é¡Ý , K•3Ž˜ Ý T ¦ T −1 AT •é Ý . ( )
20. ?¿ n ? ½Ý ÑŒÀ• n ‘m V ,|Ä ÝþÝ . ( )

. W˜K(z K 4 ©, 40 ©)

1. p ´ƒê, f (x) = xp +(p+1)x2 +p−1, g(x) = x2 +p, K f (x) † g(x) •ŒúϪ (f (x), g(x)) = .
2. ¢Xêõ‘ª f (x) = x3 + px + q k˜‡JŠ 4 + 3i, K f (x) Ù{ü‡Š´ .
3. f (x) = x6 − 10x5 + 6x4 − 310x3 − 580x2 − 20x − 1110, K f (12) = .
4. f (x) = x4 − 6x2 − tx − 3, K t= ž, f (x) † f 0 (x) •ŒúϪ´ gõ‘ª.

8
  

 2 0 1 0 
 
 1 1 2 0 
5. 1 ª D =  ¥ ƒ aij “ê{fª• Aij (i, j = 1, 2, 3, 4), K A41 + 2A42 +
 4 8 12 16 
 
 1 3 5 7 
3A43 + 4A44 = .
6. n ?• A z˜1 Ú• 0 … A • u n − 1, Kàg‚5•§| AX = 0 Ï)• .
 
 x+1 32 54 108 

 
 0 x−2 0 0 
7. f (x) = 
 , K f (x) ¥ x3 Xê• .
 0 72 x+3 4 
 
 0 98 5 x+4 
 
1 − a21 −a1 a2 · · · −a1 an
 −a2 a1 1 − a22 · · · −a2 an 
 
8. Ý A=  , K |A| = .
 
.. .. ..

 . . . 

−an a1 −an a2 · · · −an an
9. 4 ?êiÝ A • õ‘ª• (λ + 1)3 , K A Ü1 ªÏf• .
 
1 0 −1
 
10. 3 ‘m˜|Ä α1 , α2 , α3 ÝþÝ • 0
 3 0  , K•þ 2α1 + 3α2 − α3 •Ý•
−1 0 1
.

n. ( 10 ©) Ñõ‘ª f (x) = x4 + 1 3Eê•!¢ê•9knê•þ IO©)ª, ¿`²nd.

 
2 2 −2
Ý T ¦ T 0 AT = D •é Ý , ¿ Ñdé
 
o. ( 15 ©) A=
 2 5 −4   . Á¦˜‡ Ý
−2 −4 5
D.

Ê. ( 15 ©) n ?• A = (α1 , α2 , · · · , αn ) cn−1 ‡ •þ‚5ƒ', n−1 ‡ •þ‚5Ã',

β = α1 + α2 + · · · + αn .

1. y²: •§| AX = β 7káõ).

2. ¦•§| AX = β Ï).

8. ( 15 ©) A, B Ñ´ ½Ý .

1. Þ~`²Ý AB ™7 ½.
2. ‰Ñ AB ´ ½Ý ˜‡¿‡^‡, ¿\±y².

Ô. ( 15 ©) m, n • ê, d = (m, n)(m, n •ŒúϪ), a ´š"Eê. y²:


x d + a d , m n
, Ñ•Ûê,
m m n
(x + a , x + a ) = n d d
m n
1, ½ •óê.
d d
Ù¥ (xm + am , xn + an ) L«õ‘ª xm + am † xn + an •ŒúϪ.

9
 4. H®ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜. äK(z K 4 ©, 40 ©)
äe •ã´Ä (. ¿`²nd.

1. A, B ´ n ?Ý … AB = E, K˜½k BA = E.
   
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
   
 0 −8 0 0  Ú  0 −8 0 0
 
2. 3¢ê•¥,   0  0 0 −3 0
 ´ÜÓ .
 0 3 0 



0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5
3. U, W ´k•‘‚5˜m V ü‡pØ•¹ f˜m, K dim(U + W ) > dim(U ∩ W ) + 2, ùp
dim L«‘ê.
4. A , B ´k•‘‚5˜m V ü‡‚5C†, K A B − BA kŒU´ð C†.
5. éê• F þ ?Û˜‡Ä˜ n gõ‘ª f (x), Ñ•3Ý A, ¦ A A õ‘ª´ f (x).
6. XJ n ?é¡Ý A ÚB • õ‘ªƒ , K A Ú B ƒq.
7. A , B ´‚5C†, … A B − BA = E (ð C†), K A 2 B − BA 2 = 2A .
8. ?¿Ý A A õ‘ª Š˜½´Ù• õ‘ª Š.
9. ¤k k•‘mÑkIO Ä.
10. Ý A Š˜½´ ±1.

. W˜K(z K 6 ©, 30 ©)
 
−2 −4 12
 
1. Ý A=
 −2 0 6  , KÙÐ Ïf• , Jordan IO.• .
−2 −2 8
  
0 −1 8 x1
  
2. ¢ g. f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 , x2 , x3 )  5
 0   x2  . Kù‡
−2    g. Ý • ,Î
−10 0 3 x3
Ò • .
3. A ´ 4 ?• ,§ A Š´ 1, 2, 3, 4. P A∗ • A Š‘Ý , K |A∗ | = .
2
4. A • 3 ?š"¢• , A = 0, K A •= .
   
1 −1 1 2 0 0
   
5. Ý  2 4 −2 
 †  0 2

 ƒq, K a =
0  , b= .
−3 −3 a 0 0 b

n. ( 15 ©) ¦y˜‡• k n ?Ý A Œ± ¤ k ‡•• 1
n ?Ý ƒÚ.
 
0 0 0
3
 
o. ( 15 ©) A • 3 ?š"¢êÝ … A = −A. ¦y A ƒqu  0 0 −1
 .

0 1 0

Ê. ( 15 ©) ®• A, B ´ü‡1 ª• 1 ? • , ¦y AB = BA.

8. ( 15 ©) ®• A, B ´ü‡ n ?knêÝ (=Ý ƒÑ´knê). b •3 n ?EêÝ C ¦

C −1 AC = B, ¦y•3 n ?knêÝ D¦ D−1 AD = B.

Ô. ( 20 ©) A • n ?Œ_EÝ . ¦y•3 B ¦ A = B3.

10
 5. H®ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

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˜. äK(z K 4 ©, 20 ©)
äe Qã´Ä (, ¿`²nd.

1. e p(x) ´ê• P þØŒ õ‘ª, n • ê, K p(xn ) •´ P þØŒ õ‘ª.

2. ¢Xêõ‘ª f (x) 6= 0, e (f (x), f 0 (x)) 6= 1, K f (x) 3¢ê•þk-Š.
3. • õ‘ªƒÓ ü‡ n ?• ´ƒq .
4. XJ A ´ n ?¢Ý , ¿…•3 n ?¢Ý C ¦ A = C 0 C, K A ´ ½ .
5. A ´ n ?• , XJ A2 + A − 6E = 0, Ù¥ E • n ?ü Ý , K A é z.

. ( 20 ©) Á^ ‚5O†z g.

f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 2x21 + 5x22 + 5x23 + 4x1 x2 − 4x1 x3 − 8x2 x3

•IO., ¿ Ѥ^ ‚5O†Ú¤ IO..

 
3 −4 0 2
 
 4 −5 −2 4 
n. ( 20 ©) A=  , Á¦ A Jordan IO.ÚknIO..
 0 0
 3 −2  
0 0 2 −1
 
1 1
  !
 1 1  1 2 ··· n
o. ( 20 ©) ‰½ n × 2 Ý B =  . .  Ú2×n Ý C = . - A = E + BC, Ù¥ E
 
 .. ..  1 2 ··· n
 
1 1
• n ?ü Ý .

1. ¦ A ÜA Š.
2. y²: A Œé z, ¿¦Œ_Ý T ¦ T −1 AT •é /.
3. OŽ1 ª |A2 + A + E|.
n
Y
Ê. ( 20 ©) λ1 , λ2 , · · · , λn ´ n ?• A n ‡A Š, µk = λi , k = 1, 2, · · · , n. y²: µ1 , µ2 , · · · , µn
i=1
i6=k
´A Š‘Ý A∗ n ‡A Š.

8. ( 15 ©) A ´n ? Ý … |A| = 1,

f (x) = a0 xn + a1 xn−1 + · · · + an−1 x + an

´A A õ‘ª. y²:

1. n •óêž, é?¿ 0 6 i 6 n, k ai = an−i .

2. n •Ûêž, é?¿ 0 6 i 6 n, k ai = −an−i .
3. n = 2 ž, •3 Ý B¦ A = B2.

Ô. ( 15 ©) V1 , V2 ´ n ‘m V f˜m, … V1 ‘ê u V2 ‘ê. y²: •3 0 6= α ∈ V2 ¦

α ⊥ V1 .

l. ( 20 ©) A Ú C Ñ´ n ? ½Ý , ¿… B ´Ý •§ AX + XA = C Ž˜). y²: B ´ ½Ý .

11
 6. H®ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

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˜. äK(z K 4 ©, 20 ©)
äe Qã´Ä (, ¿`²nd.

1. f (x), g(x) Ñ´¢ê•þ ØŒ õ‘ª, K f (g(x)) 3¢ê•þØŒ .

2. f (x) ´ê• P þ õ‘ª, a ∈ P, XJ a ´ f 000 (x) k -Š( k > 1), ¿… f (a) = 0, f 0 (a) = 0. K a
´ f (x) k + 3 -Š.
3. ü‡ n ?• ´ƒq …= §‚kƒÓ A õ‘ª, ¿kƒÓ • õ‘ª.
4. V1 , V2 , V3 ´‚5˜m V f˜m, K (V1 + V2 ) ∩ V3 = V1 ∩ V3 + V2 ∩ V3 .
5. éuk•‘‚5˜m V ?¿‚5C† A , k V = A −1 (0) + A V …= V = A −1 (0) ⊕ A V.
 
0 1 1 −1
 
 1 0 −1 1 
. ( 20 ©) A=
  , Á¦˜ Ý T, ¦ T 0 AT ¤é /.
 1 −1 0 1 

−1 1 1 0
     
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 −1 0 0
     
 1 1 0 0 
, B =  0 2 0 , C =  0
0  1 0 0 
 
n. ( 20 ©) A= 
 0
 0 2 0 
  0
 1 2 0 
  0
 0 2 −1 

0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2

1. ¦ C 1 ªÏf, ØCÏfÚÐ Ïf.

2. •Ñ A † B, B † C ´Äƒq, ¿`²nd.

o. ( 15 ©) n ?¢é¡Ý A ¤k 1 ?ÌfªƒÚ†¤k 2 ?ÌfªƒÚþ• 0, y²: A ´"Ý .

Ê. ( 15 ©) A Ú B ´ n ?¢Ý , ¿… AB Ú BA Ñ´é¡Ý , y²: •3 Ý T, ¦ T −1 ABT =

BA.
 
1 −1 1
 
8. ( 20 ©) A=
 x 4  k 3 ‡‚5Ã' A •þ… λ = 2 ´ A
y  -A Š.
−3 −3 5

1. ¦ x, y Š.
2. ¦Œ_Ý P ¦ P −1 AP •é Ý .

Ô. ( 20 ©) A Ú B ´ n ?¢Ý . XJ B ´ ½ , A − B ´Œ ½ . y²:

1. |A − λB| = 0 ¤kŠ λ > 1.

2. |A| > |B|.

l. ( 20 ©) ê n > 2, ¿… a1 , a2 , · · · , an ´pØƒÓ ê. y²: õ‘ª

f (x) = (x − a1 )(x − a2 ) · · · (x − an ) + 1

3knê•þØŒ .

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 7. H®ŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

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˜. W˜K(z K 5 ©, 30 ©)

1. õ‘ª f (x) = 2x3 − 3x2 + 1 ÜknŠ• .

2. n´ ê, õ‘ª x2n − 1 3¢ê•þ IO©)ª´ .
 
 2 0 1 3 
 
 
 1 2 3 4 
3. 1 ª D =   ¥1 i 11 j ƒ aij “ ê { f ª • Aij (i, j = 1, 2, 3, 4), K
 4 3 2 1 

 
 1 3 5 7 
A41 + A42 + A43 + A44 = .
 
1 + a21 a1 a2 · · · a1 an
 a2 a1 1 + a22 · · ·
 
a2 an 
4. A=  , K |A| = .
 
.. .. ..

 . . . 

an a1 an a2 · · · 1 + a2n
 
1 2 3
 
5. 3 ?• A •• 2, B =   2 4 k  , ¿… AB = 0, K k =
 .
3 6 9
6. 4 ?êiÝ A • õ‘ª• (λ + 1)3 , K A A õ‘ª• .

. ( 20 ©) Á^ ‚5O†z g.

f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 − 2x22 − 2x23 − 4x1 x2 + 4x1 x3 + 8x2 x3

•IO., ¿ Ѥ^ ‚5O†Ú¤ IO..

 
2 0 0
 
n. ( 20 ©) A= a 2

 ´˜‡EÝ
0  .
b c −1

1. ¦Ñ A ˜ƒŒU Jordan IO..

2. ‰Ñ A ƒqué Ý ˜‡¿‡^‡.

o. ( 20 ©) A ´ê• P þ n ?• , ¿… A †é Ý ƒq. y²: é?¿ λ0 ∈ P, àg‚5•§|

2
(λ0 E − A)X = 0 † (λ0 E − A) X = 0 Ó). Ù¥ E ´ n ?ü Ý , X = (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ).
 
a1 0 ··· 0
 
 0 a2 ··· 0 
Ê. ( 20 ©) A ´ n ?¢Œ_Ý . y²: •3 n ? Ý Q1 , Q2 ¦ Q2 AQ1 =  . ,
 
 .. .. ..
 . . 

0 0 ··· an
Ù¥ ai > 0, i = 1, 2, · · · , n.

8. ( 20 ©) A ´Œ_ n ?• , y²: A Š‘Ý A∗ ŒL• A õ‘ª, =•3õ‘ª g(x) ¦

∗
A = g(A).

Ô. ( 20 ©) n ?‡é¡Ý A ƒÑ´ ê. y²: |A| ´˜‡ ²•ê, =•3˜‡ êm ¦

2
|A| = m .

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 8. H®ŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

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˜. ( 20 ©) y²: XJõ‘ª

(x3 + x2 + x + 1)|(f1 (x4 ) + xf2 (x4 ) + x2 f3 (x4 ))

Ké?¿ 1 6 i 6 3, ·‚ok
(x − 1)|fi (x).

. ( 20 ©) ¦ n ?1 ª  
 sin α
 1 0 ··· 0 0 

 
 1
 2 sin α 1 ··· 0 0 

 0 1 2 sin α ··· 0 0
 

 . .. .. .. .. .
 . 
 . . . . . 
 
 0
 0 0 ··· 2 sin α 1 

 
 0 0 0 ··· 1 2 sin α 

n. ( 15 ©)
 
−1 −3 3 −3
 
 −3 −1 −3 3 
A= 
 3
 −3 −1 −3 

−3 3 −3 −1
¦ Ý T ¦ T 0 AT ¤é Ý .

o. ( 15 ©) ?Ø a, b ÛŠž, •§|



 x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 1


3x1 + 2x2 + x3 + x4 − 3x5 = a


x + 2x + 2x + 6x = 3


 2 3 4 5


5x + 4x + 3x + 3x − x = b
1 2 3 4 5

k), ¿3k) œ¹e¦˜„).

Ê. ( 20 ©) ¦Ý  
−1 −2 6
 
A=
 −1 0 3 

−1 −1 4
Jordan IO.ÚknIO..

8. ( 20 ©) éu N ¢ê R+ , ½ÂÙþ \{Úêþ¦{•

a ⊕ b = ab, k ◦ a = ak , (a, b ∈ R+ , k ∈ R)

1. y²: R+ 3þãü«$Že¤• R þ ˜‡‚5˜m.

2. Qãm ½Â, ¿`² R+ Œ±¤•îª˜m.

Ô. ( 20 ©) A •˜‡‡é¡ ¢Ý , y²: XJ A A ŠÑ´¢ê, K A 7•"Ý .

l. ( 20 ©) W •¢ n ‘•þ˜m Rn ˜‡f˜m, …3 W ¥z‡š"•þ α = (a1 , · · · , an ) ¥"©þ

‡ê؇L r. y²: dim W 6 r + 1.

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 9. H®ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

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˜. ( 15 ©) f (x) •Ä˜õ‘ª, …âŠ. y²: •3 g(x), h(x) ¦ f (x) = g 2 (x) + h2 (x).
X
. ( 15 ©) D = |aij |, y²: XJk˜1 ƒ • 1, K D = Aij .
16i,j6n

n. ( 15 ©) ¦˜ C†, ¦ x21 + 2x22 + 3x23 − 4x1 x2 − 4x2 x3 •IO..

o. ( 15 ©) V, h , i •˜îª˜m, f • V þ ‚5¼ê. y²: •3 α0 , ¦ ∀x ∈ V, f = hx, α0 i.

 
1 2 0
 
Ê. ( 15 ©) A=  0 2 0 , ¦ A
 Jordan IO.ÚknIO..
−2 −2 −1

8. ( 15 ©) A, B • n ¢Œ_Ý , ÷v A0 A = B 0 B, y²: •3 Ý T, ¦ A = T B.

Ô. ( 20 ©) σ : P → V, λ ´ σ ˜‡A Š. éAA •þ• α. y²: é P ¥ k1 , k2 , · · · , kn , •3 V ¥Ä

η1 , η2 , · · · , ηn , ¦ α = k1 η1 + k2 η2 + · · · + kn ηn .

l. ( 20 ©) n > 2, α1 , α2 , β1 , β2 ∈ Rn , Vi = L(αi ), Wi = L(βi ), e V1 6= V2 , W1 6= W2 , y²: •3

A ∈ Mn×n (R), ¦ AVi = Wi , … |A| = 1.

Ê. ( 20 ©) A ∈ Cn×n , A • õ‘ªÚA õ‘ªƒÓ, C(A) = {B ∈ Mn×n |AB = BA}.

1. y²: C(A) ´ n ‘‚5˜m.

2. X ∈ Mn×n (C), XA = AT X, K X ´é¡ .

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 10. H®ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

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˜. ( 10 ©) UÄò (0, 1) ƒm knêUìl Œ ^Sü¤˜ ? ž`²\ nd.
∞
X ∞
X
. ( 10 ©) XJ?ê an Âñ, K?ê a2n ´Ä•Âñ? ž`²\ nd.
n=1 n=1

n. ( 20 ©,zK 10 ©) OŽe 4•:

√
a > 0, b > 0. ¦4• lim
n
(1) an + bn .
n→+∞
 
1 1
(2) ¦4• lim − .
x→0 x2 x sin x
o. ( 20 ©) f (x) • [0, 1] þ Œ‡¼ê. ¯: f 0 (x) ´Ä3 [0, 1] þk.? e‰Y•/´”, ž‰Ñy²; e‰Y
•/Ä0, ž‰Ñ‡~.

Ê. ( 20 ©) f : R → R ´ëY¼ê. XJ f k˜‡Ž˜ 4Š:, y²: ù‡4Š:˜½´•Š:(• Š½

•ŒŠ).

8. ( 15 ©) ¼ê f (x) 3 [0, 1] «m ëYŒ‡, … f (0) = 0, f (1) = 1, f 00 (x) < 0, ∀x ∈ [0, 1]. y²:
f (x) > x, ∀x ∈ [0, 1].

Ô. ( 20 ©) f (x, y) ´ z0 = (x0 , y0 ) ∈ R2 NC C 2 ¼ê, žOŽe¡ 4•

" Z #
−2 1
lim h f (x, y)dxdy − f (x0 , y0 ) ,
h→0 πh2 B(z0 ,h)

Ù¥ B(z0 , h) ´²¡þ± z0 •¥%, h •Œ» .

l. ( 15 ©) OŽÈ© ZZ
zdxdy + xdydz + ydzdx,
Σ

Ù¥ Σ •l©ƒ˜¥¡

Σ = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 |x > 0, y > 0, z > 0, x2 + y 2 + z 2 = R2 },

••Š .

Ê. ( 20 ©) f (x) ´ [−π, π] þ k.C ¼ê, y²: Ù Fourier Xê an , bn ÷v^‡

an = O(n), bn = O(n).

16
 11. H®ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

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√
˜. ( 10 ©) a1 = 1, an+1 = 1 + an , `²ê {an } 4••3¿OŽd4•.

. ( 15 ©) ¦e¡ ª¥ ~ê a, b :
 n  
1 a b 1
1+ =e+ + 2 +O , (n → +∞).
n n n n3

n. ( 15 ©) OŽÈ©
π
x2
Z 2
dx.
0 sin2 x

o. ( 15 ©) OŽÈ© ZZ
z x y
dxdy + 3 dydz + 3 dzdx,
Σ r3 r r
Ù¥
p
r= x2 + y 2 + z 2 , Σ = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 ||x| + |y| + |z| = 1},

Σ ••Š .
∞ ∞
X X √
Ê. ( 15 ©) an •Âñ ‘?ê, y²: n
an an+1 · · · a2n−1 •Âñ.
n=1 n=1

8. ( 20 ©) f (x) 3 [0, π] þëY, 3 x = 0 ?Œ , y²:

Z π  
1 π
lim f (x) + cos x + cos 2x + · · · + cos nx dx = f (0).
n→∞ 0 2 2

Ô. ( 20 ©) f : Rn → R ´1w¼ê, … Hess(f ) > In , Ù¥

 2 
∂ f
Hess(f ) = ,
∂xi ∂xj n×n
 
∂f ∂f
In • n ü Ý . y²: ∇f : Rn → Rn Œ_, …Ù_•´1w . Ù¥, ∇f = ,··· , L« f
∂x1 ∂xn
FÝ.

l. ( 20 ©) f ´«m [a, b] þ ëY¼ê, XJ f 3˜‡Œê8ƒ Œ , … êšK, y²: f (a) 6 f (b).

Ê. ( 20 ©) f 3 [a, b] þ Œ , … f (a) = f (b) = 0. y²: •3 ξ ∈ [a, b], ¦

b
f 00 (ξ)
Z
f (x)dx = (a − b)3 .
a 12

17
 12. H®ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

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˜. ( 10 ©) XJ½Â3¢¶þ ¼ê f (x) ÷vé?¿ x, y ∈ R k

|f (x) − f (y)| 6 |x − y|2 ,

Áy f (x) ´˜~Š¼ê.
∞
X ∞
X
. ( 10 ©) ˜?ê an xn ÂñŒ»• 1, ¯?ê an ´ÄÂñ. ž`²nd.
n=0 n=0

n. ( 20 ©) f (x) ´ [1, +∞) þšKüN~ ¼ê, -

n
X Z n
an = f (k) − f (x)dx,
k=1 1

Ù¥ n ´ ê, Áy²ê {an } Âñ.

o. ( 20 ©) ¼ê f (x, y) Ú g(x, y) 3²¡m«• G þkëY˜ ê, …÷vé?Û (x, y) ∈ G,

fx0 gy0 − fy0 gx0 6= 0.

Áyé G ¥?˜;—8 K, K ¥Óž÷v f (x, y) = 0 Ú g(x, y) = 0 : (x, y) •kk•õ‡.

Ê. ( 15 ©) •§ z 2 y − xz 3 − 1 = 0 3 (1, 2, 1) NCû½ Û¼ê z = z(x, y), ¦

∂2z
(1, 2)
∂x2
Š.

8. ( 20 ©) ?Ø2ÂÈ© ZZ
dxdy
D |x|p + |y|q
Âñ5, Ù¥ D = {(x, y)||x| + |y| > 1}.

Ô. ( 20 ©) f (x) 3 [0, π] þ ëYŒ‡, … f (π) = 2, ÷v

Z π
(f (x) + f 00 (x)) sin xdx = 5.
0

¦ f (0).
∞
X ∞
X ∞
X
l. ( 15 ©) (an − an−1 ) ýéÂñ, bn Âñ, Áy an bn Âñ.
n=1 n=1 n=1

Ê. ( 20 ©) Σ ´d F (x, y, z) = 0 (½ 1w{ü4-¡, F (x, y, z) ëYŒ‡, … ∇F (x, y, z) 6= 0, ùp

∇F ´ F FÝ. XJ Ω = {(x, y, z)|F (x, y, z) < 0} •-¡ Σ ¤Œ¤ «•, OŽn-È©
 
∇F
ZZZ
div dxdydz,
Ω k∇F k

ùp div( · ) ´•þ| ÑÝ.

18
 13. H®ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

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1 1 1
˜. ( 10 ©) xn = 1+ 1+ · · · 1 + 1 , y²: ê {xn } Âñ.
2 4 2n

. ( 15 ©) lim f (x) = A 9 lim g(x) = B, dd´ÄŒíÑ lim g(f (x)) = B? e‰Y•/´”, ž‰Ñy²;
x→a x→A x→a
e‰Y•/Ä0, ž‰Ñ‡~.
Z 1 p
n. ( 15 ©) F (y) = ln x2 + y 2 dx, ä F (y) 3 y = 0 ´ÄŒ .
0

y2 z 2
 y  23
o. ( 15 ©) ¦d-¡ x2 + + = 1, x 3 + = 1, z = 0 ¤ŒáNNÈ.
4 3 2
Ê. ( 15 ©) OŽ I
(y − z)dx + (z − x)dy + (x − y)dz,
c
z
ª¥ c •ý x2 + y 2 = 1, x + = 1, el OX ¶ •w , dý ´•_ž ••?1 .
2
8. ( 20 ©) e f (x) 3 (0, +∞) S´ Œ , … f 0 (1) = f 0 (2) = 0, y²: •3 c ∈ (1, 2), ¦ |f 00 (c)| >
4|f (2) − f (1)|.
Z 1
Ô. ( 20 ©) f (x) 3 (0, 1] SüNeü, … lim f (x) = +∞, e f (x)dx •3, y²:
x→0+ 0

n   Z 1
1X k
lim f = f (x)dx.
n→∞ n n 0
k=1

∞ √
X (−1)[ n]
l. ( 20 ©) äê‘?ê ñÑ5, ùp [·] L« · êÜ©.
n=1
n
∞
X (−1)n+1
Ê. ( 20 ©) ¦?ê Ú.
n=1
n2

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 14. H®ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜. ( 20 ©) OŽe 4•:
 n2
1
(1) lim cos ;
n→∞ n
n
1 X 1
(2) lim √ √ .
n→∞ n k
k=1

. ( 20 ©) OŽe È©:
Z b
(1) (x − a)2 (b − x)3 dx;
a
+∞
sin3 x
Z
(2) dx.
0 x3
n. ( 20 ©) 3 R4 ¥½ÂXek.«• Ω :
p
Ω = {(x, y, z, w) ∈ R4 ||x| + |y| + z 2 + w2 6 1},

OŽ Ω NÈ.

o. ( 15 ©) f 3 [a, b] ¥Œ , f (a) = 0. XJ f 0 > f, y²: f •üN4O¼ê.

∞
X ∞
X
Ê. ( 15 ©) ê {an } üN4~ªu". y²: an Âñ …= 3k a3k Âñ.
n=1 k=1

8. ( 15 ©) f : R2 → R •ëY¼ê, …÷v^‡

f (x + 1, y) = f (x, y + 1) = f (x, y), ∀(x, y) ∈ R2 .

y²: f •˜—ëY¼ê.

Ô. ( 15 ©) y²: 3 [0, +∞) ¥•3•˜ ëY¼ê y = y(x), ¦

y 3 e−y = 1 − e−x , ∀x > 0,

¿`²dž y = y(x) 3 (0, +∞) ¥´ C 1 ¼ê.

n
X
l. ( 15 ©) {an } •ê , Sn = ai •Ü©Ú.
i=1

Sn
(1) lim an = 0 ž, y²: lim = 0;
n→∞ n→∞ n
(2) {Sn } k., lim (an+1 − an ) = 0, y²: lim an = 0;
n→∞ n→∞
Sn
(3) lim = 0 … lim (an+1 − an ) = 0 ž, UÄíÑ lim an = 0? XJU, ž‰Ñy²; XJØU, ž
n→∞ n n→∞ n→∞
E‡~.

Ê. ( 15 ©) f • R þ±Ï• 1 C 1 ¼ê. XJ f ÷v±e^‡

 
1
f (x) + f x + = f (2x), ∀x ∈ R,
2

y² f ð u".

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 15. H®ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜. ( 20 ©) OŽ4•ÚÈ©.
  n2
1
(1) lim n sin .
n→∞ n
Z π
dx
(2) .
0 2 + cos x
+∞
X 1
. ( 20 ©) f (x) •ó¼ê, 3 [0, π] ¥ f (x) = x(π − x). OŽ f (x) Fourier Ðmª, ¿^§¦?ê
n=1
n2
ƒÚ.

n. ( 20 ©) OŽÈ© Z
(x2 + 2y 2 )dxdydz,
Ω
3 2 2 2
Ù¥ Ω = {(x, y, z) ∈ R |x + 2y + 3z 6 1}.

o. ( 15 ©) •§ sin x − x cos x = 0 3 (0, +∞) ¥ 1 n ‡)• xn . y²:

π 1 π
nπ + − < xn < nπ + .
2 nπ 2

Ê. ( 15 ©) f : R → R •Œ ¼ê, … f (f (x)) ≡ f (x). y²: ‡o f •~Š¼ê, ‡o f (x) ≡ x.

8. ( 20 ©) f (x, y) • [0, 1] × [0, 1] ¥½Â ¼ê. XJéz˜‡ ½ x ∈ [0, 1], f (x, y) 'u y 3 [0, 1]
¥ Riemann ŒÈ, …
|f (x1 , y) − f (x2 , y)| 6 |x1 − x2 |, ∀x1 , x2 , y ∈ [0, 1].

y²: f (x, y) • Riemann ŒÈ¼ê.

Ô. ( 20 ©) y²: •§ x2 − xy + z sin y + ez = 0 3 (1,2,0) NCû½ Û¼ê z = z(x, y). ¿OŽ

∂z ∂z ∂2z ∂2z ∂2z

(1, 2), (1, 2), (1, 2), (1, 2), (1, 2).
∂x ∂y ∂x2 ∂x∂y ∂y 2
Z +∞
l. ( 20 ©) f (x) 3 [1, +∞) ¥üN4~ªu 0, … s > 1 ž, 2ÂÈ© [f (x)]s dx þÂñ. y²:
1
( n
)
X Z n
(1) 4• lim f (k) − f (x)dx •3…k•.
n→∞ 1
k=1
∞
( )
X Z +∞
s s
(2) 4• lim+ [f (k)] − [f (x)] dx •3…k•.
s→1 1
k=1

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 16. H®ŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜. ( 20 ©) OŽ4•ÚÈ©:
 
1 cot x
(1) lim − ;
x→0 x2 x
Z 1
(2) x(1 − x)2014 dx.
0
∞
π−x X sin n
. ( 20 ©) 3 (0, 2π) ¥ f (x) = . OŽ f (x) Fourier Ðmª, ¿^§¦?ê ƒÚ.
2 n=1
n

x2 y 2 x2 y 2
n. ( 20 ©) a, b > 0, q > p > 0. OŽdý 2
+ 2 = 1, 2 + 2 = 2 ±9†‚ y = px, y = qx 3²¡1˜
a b a b
–•¤Œ«• ¡È.

o. ( 15 ©) f : R → R •ëY¼ê, … lim f (x) < 0, lim f (x) > 0. y²: •3 ξ ∈ R, ¦ f (ξ) = 0.

x→−∞ x→+∞

f (x)
Ê. ( 15 ©) f : R → R •Œ ¼ê, … lim = +∞. y²: •3ê xn → +∞, ¦ lim f 0 (xn ) =
x→+∞ x n→+∞
+∞.
1 an
8. ( 20 ©) a1 > 0, an+1 = n + an , ž ä4• lim ´Ä•3, XJ•3, žOŽd4•.
n n→∞ n
Ô. ( 20 ©) f : Rn → R •Œ‡¼ê, …

h∇f (x), xi > 0, ∀x ∈ Rn

Ù¥ h , i• Rn ¥ IOSÈ, ∇f • f FÝ. y²: :• f • Š:.

1
l. ( 20 ©) f : Rn → Rn Œ‡, … kJf (x)k 6 o¤á, Ù¥
2
 1
n  2 2
X ∂fi 
f (x) = (f1 (x), · · · , fn (x)), kJf (x)k =  .
i,j=1
∂xj

- g(x) = x + f (x), y²: g Q´ü , q´÷ .

22
 17. H®ŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜. ( 20 ©) OŽ:
 
1 1 1
(1) lim + + ··· + ;
n→∞ n n+1 2n
Z π2
dx
(2) .
0 1 + sin x
. ( 20 ©) OŽn-È© ZZZ
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )dxdydz,
Ω

Ù¥ Ω = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 ||x| + |y| + |z| 6 1}.

n. ( 15 ©) ¼ê f : R → R 3z˜:NCÑüN4O, = ∀x0 ∈ R, ∃δ > 0, ¦ f 3 (x0 − δ.x0 + δ) ¥üN4

O. y²: f 3 ‡ R ¥üN4O.
∞ ∞
X √ X
o. ( 15 ©) ?ê nan Âñ. y²: ?ê an •Âñ.
n=1 n=1

Ê. ( 20 ©) •§ x2 + 2y 2 + 3z 2 + 2xy − z = 7 3 (1, −2, 1) NCû½ Û¼ê z = z(x, y). OŽ ê

∂2z
(1, −2).
∂x∂y
Z 1
1
8. ( 20 ©) y²: •3~ê c > 0, ¦ f ∈ C [0, 1] … f (x)dx = 0 ž¤á
0
Z 1 Z 1
f 2 (x)dx 6 c |f 0 (x)|2 dx.
0 0

Ô. ( 20 ©) A = (aij ) • n ¢ ½é¡• , bi (i = 1, 2, · · · , n) •¢ê. •Ä Rn ¥ ¼ê

n
X n
X
f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) = aij xi xj − bi xi .
i,j=1 i=1

y²: f 3 Rn ¥k•˜ • Š:.

l. ( 20 ©) f : R → R •ëY¼ê. y²: f •à¼ê …= é?¿«m [a, b] ⊂ R, þk

  Z b
a+b 1
f 6 f (x)dx.
2 b−a a

23
 18. H®ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜. OŽ4• P∞
k=1 kxk
lim .
x→0 sin x
f (x) ϕ(f (x))
. x → 0 ž, f (x), g(x), ϕ(x) → 0, … → 1, q ϕ(g(x)) 6= 0, ¯: ´Ä7k lim = 1.
g(x) x→0 ϕ(g(x))

n. ¼ê 
(x2 + y 2 ) sin 1
 , (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0,

(x, y) = (0, 0)

(1) ¦ fx0 (0, 0), fy0 (0, 0).

(2) y²: fx0 (x, y), fy0 (x, y) 3 (0, 0) : ?Û •SÃ..
(3) f (x, y) 3 (0, 0) ?´ÄŒ‡.
∞
√ X
o. ¼ê f (x) = 1 − x, x ∈ (−1, 1) … f (x) = 1 + C n xn
n=1

(1) y²: Cn 6 0, ∀n ∈ N.
∞
X
(2) ¦ Cn .
n=1
∞
X sin nθ π−θ
Ê. y²: = , θ ∈ (0, 2π). ¿?ØÙ˜—ëY5.
n=1
n 2
Z 1
h
8. f ∈ C[0, 1], f (0) = 1, ¦4• lim f (x)dx.
h→0 0 h2 + x2
y
Ô. θ(x, y) = arctan , (x, y) ∈ R2 \ {0}
x
(1) ¦ ∇θ.
(2) ¦-‚È© Z
∂θ
ds,
Γ ∂→
−
n
2 2
x y
Ù¥ →
−
n ´ý Γ: + 2 = 1 þ ü {•þ.
a2 b
l. ¦1 .-¡È© Z
xzdxdy,
S
Ù¥ S ´l©ƒ˜¥¡, = x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1, x > 0, y > 0, z > 0 ••• ý.

Ê. ϕ(x) 3 [0, +∞) þ Œ , ϕ(0) = ϕ(1) = 0, …kk.¼ê g(x), ¦ ϕ00 (x) = eg(x) ϕ(x), y²:

(1) 3 [0, 1] þ, ϕ(x) ≡ 0;

(2) 3 [0, +∞) þ, ϕ(x) ≡ 0.

›. G(−, −) ∈ ([0, 1]2 ; R), … |G(x, y)| < 1, ∀(x, y) ∈ [0, 1]2 , ‰½ u(x) ∈ [0, 1]
Z 1
(1) y²: •3•˜¼ê ϕ(x) ∈ [0, 1] ÷v ϕ(x) + G(x, y)ϕ(y)dy = u(x).
0
1
(2) éu G(x, y) = xy, 9 u(x) ≡ 1, ¦ ϕ(x).
2

24
 19. H®ŒÆ 2018 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1
0 00
˜. f (0) = 0, f (x) = x x ( x > 0), ¦ f+ (0), f+ (0).
 
1 1
. f (x) = , x ∈ 0, , ?Ø f (x) ˜—ëY5, ¿ ä f (x) ´Ä Holder ëY.
ln x 2
1+x
n. f (x) = ln , ¦ f (x) Taylor úª, ¿OŽ ln 2 CqŠ.
1−x
o. f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 − y 99 , ¦ f .Š, ¿?Ø .Š´ÄU¤•ÛÜ4Š½ Û4Š.

Ê. f (x) = x2 , x ∈ [−π, π] ´±Ï• 2π ¼ê, ¦ F (x) = sin 100x + f (x) Fourier Ðm.

8. Ω = {(x, y)|0 6 x 6 1, φ(x) 6 y 6 ψ(x)}, … F (x, φ(x)) = 0, F äkëY ê, y²:

Z Z  2
2 ∂F
F 6 .
Ω Ω ∂y

Ô. B ⊂ Rd , Ω = {x|kxk 6 1}, Ω ⊂ B … |F (x)| 6 1, y²: •3 ξ ¦ k∇F (ξ)k 6 2.

l. B ´ Rn m8, Ω ´ B >., y²:

Z Z Z
∂u
u = u4u + k∇uk2 .
Ω ∂n B B

Ê. y²: Z 1 Z 1
1
lim f (x, sin nt)dx = f (x, sin y)dy.
n→+∞ 0 2π 0

›. Ω = {(u, v, w)|0 6 u 6 x, 0 6 v 6 y, 0 6 w 6 z}, 0 6 x, y, z 6 1. ?Ø•§

Z
φ(x, y, z) = x + φ(u, v, w)
Ω

´Äk•˜)? k {, ž ÑäNLˆª.

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