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xMŠ: uHnóŒÆ p “êýK, N5`äk˜½ E£Ý, Ù¥{üKK' Ä:, k •´Àg

‘ SK½öÓa. K8, N´ ©. ‡J˜ K8KI‡˜½ E|, ´•Ñ´áu²; K8, •
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1. ýK, ¿Ø@o-‡, ‰ ¡ESâ´›‘ƒ . @@m©“ïÄ”ýK ¦ ES¡¡z! ¤¢ ¡ES,

• ´‡ÀJ˜ ·ÜgC ë•Ö, wnoH! ƒÕnU‹~, üUè .

2. ýKwC›c Òv , , ýK •Ø˜½´€¯, Ï•ùŒ±½¦·‚• ¡/ES!

3. vk‰Y ýK´-y·‚ØäÆS Äå! •ï´þ, vkŸo'ÏLgCãå g•Ñ5˜‡JK•4

<m% ¯ ! ‡rN ´: ES‡±Ö•Ì, ýK•9. ØU " ˜!

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•¬‰@oA‡K. XJš‡ïýK‰Y, xïƇ3›˜± .

5. ؇•w˜‡Æ ýK, O Æ •ww. Ï•õ„K’½v€?!

xMŠ:
†Ù ~~, ØXò ( . û½ •ï, Ò‡&¦ å, kOy ¢/j± .. sA‡ ;%‰˜‡¯
, §7,¬‰\£ , $–´\¿ŽØ ¯U!

1. kOy´ÆSÄå , ‡›½˜‡·ÜgC Oy(ØUõ•ØU ), ÃØ ºe…, 7L‡ ¤ U

Oy. Ž ? @Òk ¤²U Oy, ²U !

2. ¢, Ò´`‡lÄ: ‘ m©Æ, =¦{ü, •‡@@ýýà ˜H! ƒÕúpÃ$.

3. j± .Ò´±ƒ±ð, P4: 1zpöŒÊ›!

2w:
xêÆ©Û†p “ê•ï9 ‘§Œ±×£ýKmþ ‘è'5 x‡&ú¯Ò, ?1 ¶. 5u“
Œ‡êÆ©Û6†5 ®ŒÆ‡p “ê6Àª‘Ñkí!

2018 c 6 30 F

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1 uHnóŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 4

2 uHnóŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 6

3 uHnóŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 7

4 uHnóŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 9

5 uHnóŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 11

6 uHnóŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 13

7 uHnóŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 14

8 uHnóŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 16

9 uHnóŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 18

10 uHnóŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 19

11 uHnóŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 21

12 uHnóŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 23

13 uHnóŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 25

14 uHnóŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 27

15 uHnóŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 29

16 uHnóŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 30

17 uHnóŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 32

18 uHnóŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 34

3
 1. uHnóŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) f (x), g(x) ´ P [x] ¥ š " õ ‘ ª, … g(x) = sm (x)g1 (x), ù p m ≥ 1, (s(x), g1 (x)) =
1, s(x)|f (x). y²: Ø•3 f1 (x), r(x) ∈ P [x], … r(x) 6= 0, ∂(r(x)) < ∂(s(x)) ¦

f (x) r(x) f1 (x)

= m + .
g(x) s (x) sm−1 (x)g1 (x)

2. ( 15 ©) P [X]n L«ê• P þ¤kgê < n õ‘ª9"õ‘ª ¤ ‚5˜m, -õ‘ª

fi (x) = (x − a1 ) · · · (x − ai−1 )(x − ai+1 ) · · · (x − an ),

Ù¥ i = 1, 2, · · · , n, … a1 , a2 , · · · , an ´ê• P ¥ n ‡pØƒÓ ê.
(1) y²: f1 (x), f2 (x), · · · , fn (x) ´ P [X]n ˜|Ä;
(2) 3 (1) ¥, a1 , a2 , · · · , an • N n gü Š, ¦dÄ 1, x, · · · , xn−1 Ä f1 (x), f2 (x), · · · , fn (x)
LÞÝ T.

3. ( 20 ©) n • A ÷v A2 = A, … A • r(A) = r.
(1) y²: tr(A) = r, ùp A , tr(A) ½Â• A Ìé ‚þ ƒƒÚ;
(2) ¦ |A + E| Š.

4. ( 20 ©) ε1 , ε2 , ε3 ´î¼˜m V ˜|IO Ä,

α1 = ε1 + ε2 − ε3 , α2 = ε1 − ε2 − ε3 , W = L(α1 , α2 ).

(1) ¦ W ˜|IO Ä;
⊥
(2) ¦ W ˜|IO Ä;
(3) ¦ α = ε2 + 2ε3 3 W ¥ S K (=¦ β ∈ W , ¦ α = β + γ, γ ∈ W ⊥ ), ¿¦ α W ål.

5. ( 20 ©) A ´ê• P þ n ‘‚5˜m V ‚5C†, f (x), g(x) ∈ P [x]. y²:

(1)
f (A )−1 (0) + g(A )−1 (0) ⊆ (f (A )g(A ))−1 (0).

(2) f (x) † g(x) pƒž, k

f (A )−1 (0) ⊕ g(A )−1 (0) = (f (A )g(A ))−1 (0).

6. ( 20 ©) f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) = X 0 AX • n ¢ g., eÝ A ^SÌfª ∆k (k = 1, 2, · · · , n) ÑØ•

", y² f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) Œ±²Lšòz ‚5O†z•eãIO.

λ1 y12 + λ2 y22 + · · · + λn yn2 ,

∆i
ùp λi = , i = 1, 2, · · · , n, ¿… ∆0 = 1.
∆i−1
7. ( 20 ©) A, B ©O•ê• P þ m×n Ú n×s Ý , q W = Bα|ABα = 0, α• P þ s ‘ •þ, = α ∈ P s×1


´ n ‘ •þ˜m P n×1 f˜m, y²:

dim(W ) = r(B) − r(AB).

4
8. ( 20 ©) f (X, Y ) •½Â3ê• P þ n ‘‚5˜m V þ ˜‡V‚5¼ê, y²:
n X
X n
0
f (X, Y ) = X AY = aij xi yj
i=1 j=1

Œ±L«•ü‡‚5¼ê
n
X n
X
f1 (X) = bi xi , f2 (Y ) = ci yi
i=1 i=1

ƒÈ ¿©7‡^‡´ f (X, Y ) ÝþÝ A • r(A) ≤ 1.

5
 2. uHnóŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) m, n •g,ê, y²
(xm − 1, xn − 1) = x(m,n) − 1.

2. ( 15 ©) a, b •ÛŠž, e ‚5•§|Ã)? k•˜)? káõ)? •§|k)ž, ÑÙ Ü).




x + y − z = 0,

2x + (a + 3)y − 3z = 3,



−2x + (a − 1)y + bz = −1.

3. ( 20 ©) V ´ n ‘‚5˜m (n ≥ 3), X Ú Y • V ü‡˜m, ¿…

dim(X) = n − 1, dim(Y ) = n − 2.

(1) y²: dim(X ∩ Y ) = n − 2 ½ n − 3.

(2) y²: dim(X ∩ Y ) = n − 2 …= Y ´X f˜m.
(3) Þ~`²: •3÷vK ^‡ ‚5˜m V 9Ùf˜m X Ú Y ¦ dim(X ∩ Y ) = n − 2.

4. ( 15 ©) A ´n ¢é¡Ý , e A c n − 1 ‡^SÌfªþŒu", |A| = 0. y²: n g.

f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) = X 0 AX

´Œ ½ , Ù¥ X = (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn )0 .

5. ( 15 ©) A ´ê• R þ n ‘‚5˜m V þ ‚5C†, A 2 = ε (ð C†). - V + = {x ∈ V | A x = x} , V − =

{x ∈ V | A x = −x} . y²:
V = V + ⊕ V −.

6. ( 15 ©) A = (a1 , a2 , · · · , an ) •š"¢ 1 × n Ý , ¦:
0
(1) r(A A);
(2) A0 A A ŠÚA •þ.

7. ( 15 ©) α •îª˜m V š"•þ, é ξ ∈ V ½Â
2(ξ, α)
Aξ =ξ− α.
(α, α)
(1) y²: A • V C†.
(2) P W = L(α)⊥ , K W ´ n − 1 ‘f˜m, ¿…

ξ, ξ ∈ W;
Aξ =
−ξ, ξ = α.
1 1 1 1
(3) V ‘ê´ 4, - ε1 , ε2 , ε3 , ε4 • V IO Ä, ¿ α = − ε1 − ε2 − ε3 + ε4 , ¦ A 3
2 2 2 2
ε1 , ε2 , ε3 , ε4 e Ý .

8. ( 20 ©) 3m¥kn|•þ: α1 , α2 , · · · , αs ; β1 , β2 , · · · , βs Ú γ1 , γ2 , · · · , γs . XJ α1 , α2 , · · · , αs
´‚5Ã' , β1 , β2 , · · · , βs Ú γ1 , γ2 , · · · , γs Ñ´üü ü •þ, ¿…阃 i, 1 ≤ i ≤ s, þk

L(α1 , · · · , αi ) = L(β1 , · · · , βi ) = L(γ1 , · · · , γi ).

y²: éz‡ i, k βi = ±γi .

9. ( 20 ©) A, B Ñ´¢é¡Ý , y²: …= AB = BA ž, k Ý Q, ¦ Q−1 AQ † Q−1 BQ Óž

•é Ý .

6
 3. uHnóŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 20 ©) x0 ´ê• P þ õ‘ª u(x) = f (x)g 0 (x) − f 0 (x)g(x) k -Š, P

v(x) = f (x0 )g(x) − f (x)g(x0 )

•š"õ‘ª. Áy: x0 •ê• P þõ‘ª v(x) k + 1 -Š. ‡ƒ½,.

2. ( 20 ©) A, B ´ê• P þ n • , X = (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn )0 . ®•àg‚5•§| AX = 0 Ú BX = 0

©Ok l, m ‡‚5Ã' )•þ, ùp l ≥ 0, m ≥ 0. y²:
(1) •§| (AB)X = 0 – k max{l, m} ‡‚5Ã' )•þ;
(2) e l + m > n, K (A + B)X = 0 7kš");
(3) XJ AX = 0 Ú BX = 0 Ãú š")•þ, … l + m = n, K P n ¥?˜•þ α ÑŒ•˜/L«¤
α = β + γ, ùp β, γ ©O´ AX = 0 Ú BX = 0 )•þ.
!
A B
3. ( 15 ©) A, B, C, D • n • . e •´ n, y²:
C D
 
 |A| |B| 
 = 0.


 |C| |D| 

…, e A ´Œ_ , K
D = CA−1 B.

4. ( 15 ©) A ´ n ‘‚5˜m V ˜‡‚5C†, W ´ V f˜m, A W L« W ¥•þ ”|¤ f˜

m, y²:
dim(A W ) ≥ r(A ) + dim W − n.

5. ( 20 ©) α1 , α2 , · · · , αn •ê• P þ n ‘‚5˜mþ ˜|Ä, A • P þ ˜‡ n × s Ý . e

(β1 , β2 , · · · , βs ) = (α1 , α2 , · · · , αn )A,

K L(β1 , β2 , · · · , βs ) ‘ê = r(A).

6. ( 20 ©) A = (aij )n×n , B = (bkl )n×n •ü‡Œ ½ ¢é¡Ý . y²: n ¢•

 
a11 b11 a12 b12 ··· a1n b1n
 .. .. .. 
C=

. . .


an1 bn1 an2 bn2 ··· ann bnn

•´Œ ½ .

7. ( 25 ©) ^ J L« ƒ • 1 n Ý , n ≥ 2,

f (x) = a + bx

´knê• Q þ ˜ õ‘ª, - A = f (J),

(1) ¦ J ÜA ŠÚ ÜA •þ;
(2) ¦ A ¤kA f˜m;
(3) A ´ÄŒ±é z? XJŒé z, ¦Ñ Q þ ˜‡Œ_Ý P, ¦ P −1 AP •é Ý ,¿ Ñù‡
é Ý .

7
8. ( 15 ©) A ´n EÝ , y²: An = 0 …=

tr(Ak ) = 0, k = 1, 2, · · · , n.

ùp tr(X) L«• X ,.

8
 4. uHnóŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) f (x), g(x) ∈ P [x], f (x) 6= 0, y²e ^‡ d:

(1) f (x)g(x);
(2) ∀k ∈ N ¦ f k (x)g k (x);


(3) •3g,ê m ¦ f m (x)g m (x).



2. ( 20 ©) (1) ¦ n × n Œ_Ý  
t1
 
 t2 
T =
 
.
..

 
 
tn
_.
(2) ®• A = (aij ) •˜‡ n × n Ý , T Xþ¤«, t1 = t2 = · · · = tn = 1. Á¦

T −1 AT.

3. ( 20 ©) é λ ØÓ Š äe •§|´Äk), k)ž¦ÑÙ Ü):


 λx + x2 + x3 = λ + 1
 1


x1 + λx2 + x3 = 2 .



x + x + λx = 2
1 2 3

4. ( 20 ©) A ´ n ‘‚5˜m V þ ˜‡‚5C†, y²:

dim(A −1 (0)) + dim(A V ) = n.

ùpÎÒ A −1 (0) L« A Ø, A V L« A Š•.

5. ( 15 ©) ¦Ý  
−1 −1 0
 
 −4 3 0 
 
1 0 2

e IO..

6. ( 20 ©) V = Cn×n L«Eê• C þ n • 'uÝ \{Úê†Ý êþ¦{ ¤ ‚5˜m,

A∈C n×n
. ½Â V þ C† A Xe:

A (X) = AX − XA, ∀X ∈ Cn×n .

y²:
(1) A ´‚5C†;
(2) A (XY ) = XA (Y ) + A (X)Y ;
(3) 0 ´ A ˜‡A Š;
(4) e A = 0, K A
k 2k
= 0.

9
7. ( 25 ©) A ´î¼˜m V ˜‡‚5C†, … A 3IO Ä ε1 , ε2 , ε3 , ε4 e Ý •:
 
2 1 1 −1
 
 1 2 −1 1 
A= 
 1
 −1 2 1 

−1 1 1 2

(1) y²: I (ð C†), A , A 2 ‚5ƒ';

(2) ¦ V ˜|IO Ä, ¦ A 3TÄe Ý •é Ý .

8. ( 15 ©) A, B • n ¢• , … A •š"Œ ½Ý , B • ½Ý , y²:

|A + B| > |B|.

10
 5. uHnóŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) P ´˜‡ê•, f (x), g(x) ∈ P [x], … ∂(g(x)) ≥ 1. y²: •3•˜ õ‘ªS f0 (x), f1 (x), · · · , fr (x),
¦ é0≤i≤r k
∂(fi (x)) < ∂(g(x))

½ö fi (x) = 0, …

f (x) = f0 (x) + f1 (x)g(x) + f2 (x)g(x) + f2 (x)g 2 (x) + · · · + fr (x)g r (x).

2. ( 15 ©) OŽe n 1 ª:
 
 1 + a1
 1 1 ··· 1 1 

1 1 + a2 1 ··· 1 1
 
 
 

 1 1 1 + a3 ··· 1 1 .

 .. .. .. .. .. 
. . . . .
 
 
 
 1 1 1 ··· 1 1 + an 

3. ( 15 ©) n ¢é¡Ý A = (aij ) ´ ½ , b1 , b2 , · · · , bn ´?¿ n ‡š" ¢ê, y²: Ý

B = (aij bi bj ) •´ ½ .

4. ( 25 ©) ?Øëê a, b ÛŠž, ‚5•§|




 x1 + x2 − 2x3 + 3x4 = 0


2x1 + x2 − 6x3 + 4x4 = −1


3x + 2x + ax + 7x = −1


 1 2 3 4


x − x − 6x − x = b
1 2 3 4

k)? Ã)? k) œ/, ¦Ñ˜„).

5. ( 20 ©) A ´ n ‘‚5˜m V ˜‡‚5C†.
(1) y²: V •¹Š• A V ?Ûf˜m W Ñ´ A −f˜m;
(2) 3Ø A −1
(0) ¥ ˜|Ä α1 , · · · , αm , ¿ò§*¿• V ˜|Ä α1 , · · · , αm , αm+1 , · · · , αn , ¯: 3
ù|Äe A Ý A kŸo /G?

6. ( 25 ©) V • 4 ‘m, ε1 , ε2 , ε3 , ε4 • V ˜|IO Ä, -

α1 = ε2 + ε3 + ε4 ,

α2 = ε1 + ε3 + ε4 ,

α3 = ε1 + ε2 + ε4 ,

α4 = ε1 + ε2 + ε3 ,

(1) ò α1 , α2 , α3 , α4 z•ü •þ| β1 , β2 , β3 , β4 ;

(2) ¦dÄ ε1 , ε2 , ε3 , ε4 Ä β1 , β2 , β3 , β4 LÞÝ ;
(3) - W1 = L(α1 , α2 ), U1 = W1⊥ ; W2 = L(α2 , α4 ), U2 = W2⊥ . Á^Ä•þ ε1 , ε2 , ε3 , ε4 L«f˜m
U1 + U2 , ¿(½Ù‘ê.

11
7. ( 20 ©) n • A ÷v A2 = 2A, … A • r(A) = r.
(1) y²: r(A − 2E) = n − r;
(2) y²: A ƒqué ;
(3) ¦1 ª |A − E| Š.

8. ( 15 ©) A ´ê• P þ n • , f (x), g(x) •ê• P þ õ‘ª, … (f (x), g(x)) = 1. - h(x) =

f (x)g(x), ^ V1 , V2 , V ©OL« n àg‚5•§| f (A)X = 0, g(A)X = 0, h(A)X = 0 )˜m, ùp
0
X = (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) . y²:
V = V1 ⊕ V2 .

12
 6. uHnóŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) P ´˜‡ê•, f (x), g(x) ∈ P [x], y²: f (x) † g(x) pƒ ¿©7‡^‡´ f (xn ) † g(xn ) p
ƒ, ùp n ´?¿‰½ g,ê.

2. ( 20 ©) OŽ1 ª:
 
 x y
 1 1 x1 y2 x1 y3 ··· x1 yn−1 x1 yn 

 
 x1 y2
 x2 y2 x2 y3 ··· x2 yn−1 x2 yn 

 x1 y3 x2 y3 x3 y3 ··· x3 yn−1 x3 yn
 

D =  .. .. .. .. .. .

 . . . . . 
 
 x y
 1 n−1 x2 yn−1 x3 yn−1 ··· xn−1 yn−1 xn−1 yn 

 
 x1 yn x2 yn x3 yn ··· xn−1 yn xn yn 

1
3. ( 20 ©) y²: (1) e λ 6= 0 ´Ý A ˜‡A Š, K |A| ´ A Š‘Ý A∗ ˜‡A Š;
∗
λ
(2) e α ´Ý A ˜‡A •þ, K α •´ A ˜‡A •þ.

4. ( 20 ©)
 
W = f (x)f (1) = 0, f (x) ∈ R[x]n ,
ùp R[x]n L«¢ê• R þ gê u n õ‘ªVþ"õ‘ª ¤ ‚5˜m.
(1) y² W ´ R[x]n ‚5f˜m;
(2) ¦ W ‘ꆘ|Ä.

5. ( 20 ©) ®•àg‚5•§| 


 (a1 + b)x1 + a2 x2 + · · · + an xn = 0;

 a1 x1 + (a2 + b)x2 + · · · + an xn = 0;

..


 .


 a x + a x + · · · + (a + b)x = 0,
1 1 2 2 n n
n
X
Ù¥ ai 6= 0. Á?Ø a1 , a2 , · · · , an , b ÷vŸo'Xž,
i=1
(1) •§|=k")?
(2) •§|kš")? 3kš")ž, ¦d•§| ˜‡Ä:)X.

6. ( 20 ©) g.
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 + x22 + x23 + 2ax1 x2 + 2bx2 x3 + 2x1 x3
² C† X = P Y z•IO/ f = y22 + 2y32 , Ù¥ X = (x1 , x2 , x3 )0 , Y = (y1 , y2 , y3 )0 ´ 3 ‘ •þ, P ´
3 Ý ,
(1) ¦~ê a, b Š;
(2) ¦ Ý P.

7. ( 20 ©) W •ê• P þ n ‘‚5˜m V f˜m, A ´ V ˜‡‚5C†, A W L« W ¥•þ ”|

¤ f˜m. - W0 = W ∩ A −1
(0), y²:

dim(W ) = dim(A W ) + dim(W0 ).

8. ( 15 ©) A, C ´ n ½Ý , ®• B ´Ý •§

AX + XA0 = C

•˜), y²: B ´ ½Ý .

13
 7. uHnóŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 20 ©)
f (x) = x5 + 2x4 − 7x3 − 8x − 2,

g(x) = 2x4 − 2x3 + 5x2 − 2x + 3.

¦ (f (x), g(x)), ¿¦ u(x), v(x) ¦

(f (x), g(x)) = u(x)f (x) + v(x)g(x).

2. ( 15 ©) ®•àg•§| 
 x + 2x2 + 3x3 = 0
 1


2x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 = 0 ,



x + x + ax = 0
1 2 3

Ú 
x1 + bx2 + cx3 = 0
,
2x + b2 x + (c + 1)x = 0
1 2 3

Ó), ¦ a, b, c Š.

3. ( 15 ©) ω •?¿˜‡ n gü Š, OŽe n (n ≥ 2) 1 ª:

ω −1 ω −2 ω −n+1 
 

 1 ···
 −n+1
 ω 1 ω −1 ··· ω −n+2 

 
 −n+2 −n+1
··· ω −n+3  .
D= ω ω 1
 .. .. .. .. 
. . . .
 
 
 
 ω −1 ω −2 ω −3 ··· 1 

4. ( 15 ©) ^ C[x] L«Eê• C þgê un õ‘ª±9"õ‘ª|¤ ‚5˜m. 8k C[x] Cn N

A : f (x) 7→ (f (0), f (1), f (2), · · · , f (n − 1)).

y²: A •‚5˜m C[x] ‚5˜m Cn Ó N .

5. ( 20 ©) ¢ g.

f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = X 0 AX = ax21 + 2x22 + 2x23 + 2bx1 x2 (b > 0),

Ù¥ g. Ý A A ŠƒÚ• 1, ƒÈ• −12.

(1) ¦ a, b Š;
(2) |^ C†ò g.z•IO., ¿ Ѥ^ C†ÚéA Ý .

6. ( 20 ©) (1) A, B ´ n • , y²:

r(AB − E) ≤ r(A − E) + r(B − E);

(2) i = 1, 2, · · · , k ž, Bi • n ˜ Ý (=÷v Bi2 = Bi ), ¿… A = B1 B2 · · · Bk , y²:

r(E − A) ≤ k(n − r(A)).

14
7. ( 20 ©) ®• R3 ‚5C† A 3Ä η1 = (−1, 1, 1), η2 = (1, 0, −1), η3 = (0, 1, 1) e Ý •:
 
1 0 1
 
A=  1 1 0 .

−3 2 1

(1) ¦ A 3Ä ε1 = (1, 0, 0), ε2 = (0, 1, 0), ε3 = (0, 0, 1) e Ý ;

(2) ¦ A Š•ÚØ.

8. ( 20 ©) V • n ‘m, é?¿ü •þ α, ½ÂC†

Aα (x) = x − 2(α, x)α, ∀x ∈ V.

y²:
(1) Aα • V C†, ¡§•º¡‡ .
(2) ξ, η • V ?¿ü‡ØÓ ü •þ, K•3º¡‡ Aα ¦ Aα (ξ) = η;
(3) V ?¿˜‡ C†þŒ±L«•º¡‡ ¦È.

15
 8. uHnóŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) f (x) Ú g(x) Ñ´ê• P þ gêØ u1 õ‘ª. y²: (f (x), g(x)) = 1 …= •3•˜
õ‘ª u(x), v(x) ∈ P [x] ¦
u(x)f (x) + v(x)g(x) = 1,

ùp ∂(u(x)) < ∂(g(x)) … ∂(v(x)) < ∂(f (x)).

2. ( 15 ©) f (x) = a1 + a2 x + · · · + an xn−1 , ε0 , ε1 , · · · , εn−1 • Ü n gü Š, y²:

 
 a
 1 a2 a3 · · · an−1 an 
 
 an
 a1 a2 · · · an−2 an−1 
 an−1 an a1 · · · an−3 an−2  n−1
 
Y
D =  . .. .. .. ..  = f (εi ).
 .. . . . .  i=0
 
 a
 3 a4 a5 · · · a1 a2 
 
 a2 a3 a4 · · · an a1 

3. ( 20 ©) A •n • , ÷v A2 = A. y²:
(1) r(A) + r(A − E) = n;
(2) r(Ak ) + r(A − E)l = n, ùp k, l •?¿g,ê.

4. ( 15 ©) li = ci1 x1 + ci2 x2 + · · · + cin xn , i = 1, 2, · · · , p + q, ùp cij ∈ R. Áy²¢ g.:

f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) = l12 + l22 + · · · + lp2 − lp+1

2 2
− · · · − lp+q

.5•ê ≤ p, K.5•ê ≤ q.

5. ( 15 ©) é λ ØÓ Š äe㕧|´Äk)? k)ž¦Ñ Ü ).



 (3 − 2λ)x1 + (2 − λ)x2 + x3 = λ,

(2 − λ)x1 + (2 − λ)x2 + x3 = 1,



x + x + (2 − λ)x = 1.
1 2 3

6. ( 15 ©) Ý
 
−2 −1 −1 0
 
 3 1 2 0 
A= ,
 0
 1 −1 −1 

3 0 4 1

¦ A2016 .
n
X n
X n
X
7. ( 20 ©) V = Rn [x], e f (x) = ai xi , g(x) = bi xi ∈ V , 5½SÈ (f (x), g(x)) = ai bi , K V •î
i=0 i=0 i=0
ª˜m. -
 
W = f (x) ∈ V f (1) = 0 .

(1) y² W • V f˜m, û½Ù‘ê¿Þѧ ˜|IO Ä;

⊥
(2) ÞÑ W ˜|IO Ä.

16
8. ( 20 ©) R2 ¥ ‚5C† A 3Ä ε1 = (1, 2), ε2 = (2, 1) e Ý •
!
1 2
,
2 3

‚5C† B 3Ä η1 = (1, 1), η2 = (1, 2) e Ý •

!
3 3
.
2 4

(1) ¦ A + B 3Ä η1 , η2 e Ý ;
(2) ¦ A B 3Ä ε1 , ε2 e Ý ;
(3) α = (3, 3), ¦ A α 3Ä ε1 , ε2 e ‹I;
(4) ¦ Bα 3Ä η1 , η2 e ‹I.

9. ( 15 ©) A, B þ• n Ý , ÷v |A| + |B| = 0. y²:

|A + B| = 0.

17
 9. uHnóŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) g(x), h(x) ´ê• P þ õ‘ª, ∂(g(x)) = m, ∂(h(x)) = n, … (g(x), h(x)) = 1, q f (x) ´ P
þ ?˜‡gê < n + m õ‘ª. y²: •3 r(x), s(x) ∈ P [x] ¦

f (x) = r(x)g(x) + s(x)h(x),

Ù¥ r(x) = 0 ½ö ∂(r(x)) < n, ∂(s(x)) < m.

2. ( 20 ©) n š à g ‚ 5 • § | AX = b XêÝ • r(A) = 1, ù p A • n • ,X =
0 0 0
(x1 , x2 , x3 ) , b = (b1 , b2 , b3 ) 6= 0. ®• η1 , η2 , η3 ´ AX = b n‡)•þ, η1 + η2 = (1, 2, 3) , η2 + η3 =
0 0
(0, −1, 1) , η3 + η1 = (1, 0, −1) , ¦T•§| Ä:)X.

3. ( 20 ©) A •n • ,A (i, j)− ƒ aij = |i − j|, ¦1 ª |A| Š.

4. ( 20 ©) ®• α1 , α2 , α3 ´n‘m V ˜|Ä, …ù|Ä ÝþÝ •

 
1 −1 1
 
A =  −1

,
2 0 
1 0 4

¦V ˜|IO Ä (^ α1 , α2 , α3 L«Ñ5).
n
5. ( 20 ©) V ´ê• P þ n ‘‚5˜m, V1 ´ V f˜m… dim V1 ≥ .
2
(1) y²: •3 V f˜m W1 , W2 ¦

V = V1 ⊕ W1 = V1 ⊕ W2 ,

W1 ∩ W2 = {0};
n
(2) ¯: dim V1 < ž, þã(شĤá? •Ÿo?
2
6. ( 20 ©) f (x), g(x) ´ê• P þ õ‘ª, (f (x), g(x)) = 1, A ´ P þ n • . y²: f (A)g(A) = 0
…=
r(f (A)) + r(g(A)) = n.

7. ( 20 ©) A ´ê• C þ ?˜‡ n • .
(1) λ1 ´ A ˜‡A Š, y²: •3 C þ n Œ_• T ¦
 
λ1 b12 · · · b1n
 
 0 b22 · · · b2n 
T −1 AT =  . ;
 
 .. .. ..
 . . 

0 bn2 ··· bnn
(2) é n Š8B{y², A 7ƒqu˜‡þn Ý :
 
λ1 c12 · · · c1n
 
 λ2 · · · c2n 
.
 
 ..

 ··· . 

λn

8. ( 15 ©) A ´ n ‘m V é¡C†. y²: é ∀α ∈ V Ñk

(A α, α) ≥ 0

¿©7‡^‡´ A A Š ´šK¢ê.

18
 10. uHnóŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 10 ©) ¼ê
f (x) = ϕ(a + bx) − ϕ(a − bx),

Ù¥ ϕ(x) 3 x = a ,‡ •Sk½Â…3T:?Œ , ¦ f 0 (0).

2. ( 10 ©) 0 < x < y < π, y²:

y sin y + 2 cos y + πy > x sin x + 2 cos x + πx.

3. ( 10 ©) x > 0, y > 0, ¦
f (x, y) = x2 y(4 − x − y)

4Š.

4. ( 10 ©)
Rx R u2
0
du 0
arctan(1 + t)dt
f (x) = ,
x(1 − cos x)
¦ lim f (x).
x→0

5. ( 10 ©) OŽ I
xdy − ydx,
c

Ù¥ c •ý (x + 2y)2 + (3x + 2y)2 = 1 •••_ž ••.

6. ( 10 ©) OŽ ZZ
(x − y)dxdy + x(y − z)dydz,
S

Ù¥ S •Î¡ x2 + y 2 = 1 9²¡ z = 0, z = 3 ¤Œ¤ ˜m«• Ω ‡>.-¡ ý.

7. ( 15 ©)
√
f (x) = sin x,

ä f (x) 3 [0, +∞) þ´Ä˜—ëY, ¿‰Ñy².

8. ( 15 ©) OŽÈ© ZZ
I= min{x2 y, 2}dxdy,
D

Ù¥ D = {(x, y)|0 ≤ x ≤ 4, 0 ≤ y ≤ 3}.

9. ( 15 ©) OŽÈ©
Z +∞
2
I(y) = e−x sin 2xydx.
0

10. ( 15 ©)
2

 xy , x2 + y 2 =

6 0
f (x, y) = x + y 2
2
.

0, 2 2
x +y =0

?رe5Ÿ:
(1) f (x, y) ëY5;
(2) fx , fy •359ëY5;
(3) f (x, y) Œ‡5.

19
 √ √
11. ( 15 ©) x0 = 6, xn+1 = 6 + xn , n = 0, 1, 2, · · · , ä?ê
∞
X √
3 − xn
n=0

ñÑ5.

12. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 (−∞, +∞) SkëY ˜ ê, y²:

0
(1) e lim f (x) = α > 0, K•§ f (x) = 0 3 (−∞, +∞) S– k˜‡¢Š;
|x|→+∞
(2) e lim f 0 (x) = 0, K•§ f 0 (x) = 0 3 (−∞, +∞) S– k˜‡¢Š.
|x|→+∞

20
 11. uHnóŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜. ¦)e ˆK (z K 10 ©, 60 ©)

1. (½ α † β, ¦ p 
lim 3n2 + 4n − 2 − αn − β = 0.
n→∞

2. ?ؼê f (x), g(x) 3 x = 0 ? Œ 5, Ù¥

 
−x, x•Ãnê −x2 , x•Ãnê
f (x) = ; g(x) = .
x, x•knê x 2 , x•knê

3. ®• f (x) 3 [0, +∞) þëY, …÷v 0 ≤ f (x) ≤ x, x ∈ [0, +∞).

a1 ≥ 0, an+1 = f (an ), n = 1, 2, · · · ,

y²:
(1) {an } Âñ;
(2) e lim an = l, K f (l) = l.
n→∞
4. äe¡?ê Âñ5
∞
X xn
, x ≥ 0.
n=1
(1 + x)(1 + x2 ) · · · (1 + xn )

5. ?ؼê
f (x, y) = (1 + ey ) cos x − yey

4ŒŠÚ4 Š.
6. OŽ ZZ
x3 dydz + 2y 3 dzdx + 3z 3 dxdy,
S
2 2 2 2
Ù¥ S •¥¡ x + y + z = a ý.

. ( 15 ©) p • ~ê, ¼ê f (x) = cos(xp ), y²: 0 < p ≤ 1 ž, f (x) 3 [0, +∞) þ˜—ëY.

n. ( 15 ©) y²
b
e−ax − e−bx
Z
e−xy dy = ,
a x
¿OŽÈ©
+∞
e−ax − e−bx
Z
dx, (b > a > 0).
0 x
o. ( 15 ©) -
 ln(1 + xy) , x 6= 0


f (x, y) = x .
0, x=0


y² f (x, y) 3ٽ•þ´ëY .

Ê. ( 15 ©) ¦È© !
r r
x−c y−c
ZZ
I= + dxdy,
a b
D
r r
x−c y−c
Ù¥ D d-‚ + = 1 Ú x = c, y = c ¤Œ¤, … a, b, c > 0.
a b

21
8. ( 15 ©) f •½Â3 (a, +∞) þ ¼ê, 3z˜k•«m (a, b) þk., … lim [f (x + 1) − f (x)] = A. y
x→+∞
²:
f (x)
lim = A.
x→+∞ x

Ô. ( 15 ©) f (x), g(x) 3 [a, b] ëY, y²

n
X Z b
lim f (ξi )g(θi )∆xi = f (x)g(x)dx,
λ(∆)→0 a
i=1

Ù¥ ∆ • [a, b] ?˜©•, ∆ : a = x0 < x1 < · · · < xn = b, ξi , θi ∈ [xi , xi+1 ], i = 1, 2, · · · , n, ∆xi =

xi − xi−1 .

22
 12. uHnóŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 10 ©) ¼ê y = f (x) 3 x = x0 ,‡ •Sk½Â…3T:?Œ , ½Â¼ê

ψ(t) = f 2 (x0 + at) − f 2 (x0 − at),

Ù¥ a •~ê, ¦ ê ψ 0 (0).

2. ( 10 ©) k •g,ê, ¦ê
√
k
√
k
√ 
xn = nk−1 n+1− k
n

4•.

3. ( 10 ©) OŽ
∞
X 1 1 1 1
(−1)n+1 = 1 − + − + ··· .
n=1
n 2 3 4

4. ( 10 ©) ?ؼê  
2
 x2 x2 2
y2 z2  − a2
+ yb2 + zc2
w= + + e
a2 b2 c2
4Š.

5. ( 10 ©) ¦ -È© ZZ
x−y
I= e x+y dxdy,
D

Ù¥ D ´d x = 0, y = 0, x + y = 1 ¤Œ¤ «•.

6. ( 10 ©) OŽÈ© ZZ
xdydz + zdxdy
S
2 2
Ù¥ S • Ô¡ z = x + y − 1 3 z ≤ 0 Ü©, •• eý.

7. ( 12 ©) äXe2ÂÈ© Âñ5:
Z +∞
dx
,
−∞ |x − a1 | p1 · |x − a2 |p2 · · · |x − an |pn

Ù¥ a1 < a2 < · · · < an , 0 < pi (i = 1, 2, · · · , n).

8. ( 18 ©) p ≥ 1 • ~ê, Áy:
(1) XJ 0 < a < b, K
1 1 1
b p − a p ≤ (b − a) p ;

(2) ¼ê
f (x) = sin(x−p )

3«m [c, 1) (1 > c > 0) þ˜—ëY;

(3) ¼ê
f (x) = sin(x−p )

3m«m (0, 1) þؘ—ëY.

23
 9. ( 15 ©) ®•
 n  n+1
1 1
1+ <e< 1+ ,
n n
Áy²4•  1 1 1 
lim 1+ + + · · · + − ln n
n→∞ 2 3 n
•3
Z +∞
10. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 [a, +∞) þëY, … f (x)dx Âñ, K•3ê {xn } ⊂ [a, +∞), ÷v^‡
a

lim xn = +∞, lim f (xn ) = 0.

n→+∞ n→+∞

11. ( 15 ©) OŽÈ©
ydx − xdy
I
,
L x2 + 2y 2
1
 1
Ù¥ L •± 0, • %, ± a •Œ» ± ( a > 0 … a 6= ), ^ž ••.
2 2
x2 y2
12. ( 15 ©) y²ý + = 1 (a > 0, b > 0) ±••
a2 b2
Z π2 p
s=4 a2 sin2 t + b2 cos2 tdt,
0

…
p
π(a + b) ≤ s ≤ π 2a2 + 2b2 .

24
 13. uHnóŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 10 ©) f (x) 3 [a, b] þëYŒ … f (b) − f (a) = b − a, y²:
Z b
(f 0 (x))2 dx ≥ b − a.
a

2. ( 10 ©) ¦ Ô‚ y = x2 Ú†‚ x − y − 2 = 0 ƒm •áål.

3. ( 10 ©) ¦
∞
X xn
(−1)n
n=2
n(n − 1)
Âñ•9Ú¼ê.

4. ( 10 ©) OŽÈ©
ZZ s
x2 + y 2
I= dxdy,
4a2 − x2 − y 2
D

Ù¥ D ´d-‚ x2 + y 2 + 2ay = 0 ††‚ y = −x ¤Œ «• ( y > −x).

5. ( 10 ©) OŽÈ© Z
zdx + 2xdy + 3ydz,
L

Ù¥ L ´ Ρ x2 + y 2 = a2 (a > 0) †²¡ z = x + 1 ‚, l z ¶ •w´^ž ••.

6. ( 10 ©) OŽÈ© ZZ
(y + z)2 dS,
S
n p o
Ù¥ S •«• (x, y, z) y 2 + z 2 ≤ x ≤ 2 >..

7. ( 15 ©) y²
1
f (x) =
x2
3 (0, +∞) þëY ؘ—ëY.

8. ( 15 ©)
2

 x y , Ù§

f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 .

0, x=y=0
ïÄ f (x, y) ëY5, ˜ •35±9Œ‡5.

9. ( 15 ©) ê {xn } ÷v^‡:
(i) {x2n } üN4O, {x2n+1 } üN4~;
(ii) lim (xn+1 − xn ) = 0.
n→+∞
y² {xn } Âñ.
∞
X ∞
X
10. ( 15 ©) ?ê an Âñ, (bn+1 − bn ) ýéÂñ. y²?ê
n=1 n=1
∞
X
an bn
n=1

•Âñ.

25
11. ( 15 ©) y²
+∞ ∞
π2
Z
x X 1
x−1
dx = = .
0 e n=1
n2 6

12. ( 15 ©) fn (x) 3 [a, b] þŒÈ (n = 1, 2, · · · ), …3 [a, b] þ fn (x) ˜—Âñu f (x). y² f (x) 3 [a, b] þ
ŒÈ.

26
 14. uHnóŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 12 ©) ¦4•
√ p
4
√ 
lim n n2 + 1 − n + 1 .
n→∞

2. ( 12 ©) (½¼ê‘?ê
∞
X x2
n=1
n

Âñ•, ¿¦ÙÚ¼ê.

3. ( 12 ©) ¼ê f ∈ C 2 (R), …

f (x + h) + f (x − h) − 2f (x) ≤ 0, ∀x ∈ R, ∀h > 0,

y²: é ∀x ∈ R, k f 00 (x) ≤ 0.

4. ( 12 ©) β > 0, …
1 β 1 β 
x1 = 2+ , xn+1 = xn + , n = 1, 2, 3, · · · .
2 2 2 xn
Áyê {xn } Âñ, ¿¦Ù4•.

5. ( 12 ©) ¦4•
Z 0
lim cosn xdx.
n→∞ −π
2

6. ( 12 ©) ¦4• √
sin x
lim p √ .
x→0+0 1 + x tan x − cos x

7. ( 13 ©) ¼ê g(x, y) 3 (0, 0) :Œ‡…3T: ¼êŠ9‡©þ•", ½Â¼ê


1
g(x, y) sin

2 + y2
, x2 + y 2 6= 0
f (x, y) = x .
0, x2 + y 2 = 0


Áy f (x, y) 3 (0, 0) :Œ‡.

8. ( 13 ©) OŽ-¡È© ZZ
ydxdz,
S
2 2 2
Ù¥ S ´¥¡ x + y + z = 1 þŒÜ©, ¿ ý• •.

9. ( 13 ©) OŽ-‚È©
xdy − ydx
Z
,
C x2 + y 2
Ù¥ C ´± (0, 1) • %, R (R 6= 1) •Œ» ±, •••_ž ••.

10. ( 13 ©) OŽ-¡È© ZZ
dS
p ,
x2 + y2 + (z + 2)2
Σ
p
Ù¥ Σ ´± : (0, 0, 0) •¥%, 2 •Œ» ¥¡ z= x2 + y 2 ¤ þÜ©.

27
11. ( 13 ©) ¼ê f (x) 3 [a, b] þëY, …k•˜ •ŒŠ: x0 ∈ [a, b]. Áy: e xn ∈ [a, b] … lim f (xn ) =
n→∞
f (x0 ), K
lim xn = x0 .
n→∞

12. ( 13 ©) ¼ê f (x, y) 34«• |x − x0 | ≤ a, |y − y0 | ≤ b þëY, ¼ê {ϕn (x)} 34«m [x0 − a, x0 + a]

þ˜—Âñu¼ê ϕ(x), …é?¿ n 9 ∀x ∈ [x0 − a, x0 + a] k |ϕn (x) − y0 | ≤ b. Áy:
Z x Z x
lim f (t, ϕn (t))dt = f (t, ϕ(t))dt,
n→∞ x0 x0

ùp |x − x0 | ≤ a.

28
 15. uHnóŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 12 ©) ¦4•
sin 2x2 − x tan x
lim .
x→0 x2 ex − 3 cos 2x + 3

2. ( 12 ©) ¦4•
n
lim p
n
.
n→∞ (n + 1)!

3. ( 12 ©) y²Ø ª:
x2
x− < ln(1 + x) < x, (x > 0).
2
4. ( 12 ©) ¦½È©
Z 1  
x(1 + x)
√ + ln x dx.
0 1 + 2x
5. ( 12 ©) ¦
∞  2
X n + 1 n
xn
n=1
n

Âñ«m, ¿`²Ù3Âñ«mà: ñÑ5.

6. ( 12 ©) ¦-¡È© ZZ
zdxdy,
S
2 2 2
x y z
Ù¥ S ´-¡ + 2 + 2 = 1, ••• ý.
a2 b c
7. ( 13 ©)
p
x1 = a > 0, xn = 3 + xn−1 , n = 2, 3, · · · .

Áy {xn } Âñ, ¿¦Ù4•.

8. ( 13 ©) ¦?ê
∞
X 1  1 2n
n=0
2n + 1 2
ƒÚ.

9. ( 13 ©) y²
√
f (x) = x ln x

3 [1, +∞) ˜—ëY.

Z +∞
10. ( 13 ©) f (x, y) 3 [a, +∞; c, d] þëY, f (x, y)dx 'u y ∈ [c, d] ˜—Âñ, y²:
a
Z d Z +∞ Z +∞ Z d
dy f (x, y)dx = dx f (x, y)dy.
c a a c

11. ( 13 ©) f (x) 3 [a, b] þk ëY ê, Áy•3 ξ ∈ [a, b], ¦

a + b 1
f (a) + f (b) = 2f + (b − a)2 f 00 (ξ).
2 4

12. ( 13 ©) f (x, y) 3«• G Sé x Ú y ©OëY, …é x üO, Áy f (x, y) 3 G SëY.

29
 16. uHnóŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 12 ©)
2 sin(x − 2) + ([x] − 1)x2 − 2([x] + 1)x + 8
f (x) = ,
(x − 2)2
¦ lim f (x) 9 lim f (x).
x→2−0 x→2+0

2. ( 12 ©) 3-‚ x = 2t2 , y = 3t2 , z = 2t þ(½:, ¦3T:? ƒ‚²1u x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 3:

√
(1, −1, 2) ? ƒ²¡.

3. ( 12 ©)

2
x ln x + 1,

 x>0

f (x) = 1, x=0.
−


 2(1 cos x)
 , x<0
x2
ïÄÙ ê ëY5.

4. ( 12 ©) l • ± x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1, x + y + z = 0. l x ¶ •w , U_ž ••, OŽ-‚È©

Z
2ydx + 3zdy + 4xdz.
l

5. ( 12 ©) OŽ
Z +∞
sin x
dx,
0 exy
Ù¥ y > 0.

6. ( 12 ©) ¦
+∞
X
n2 xn+1
n=1

Ú¼ê.

7. ( 13 ©) f (x, y) 3«• D : a ≤ x ≤ b, c ≤ y ≤ d þëY. P Dxy : a ≤ u ≤ x, c ≤ v ≤ y, 9

ZZ
F (x, y) = f (u, v)dudv.
Dxy

Á3 D S¦ ·Ü ê Fxy 9 Fyx .

8. ( 13 ©) y > 0. -
Z 1
ydx
G(y) = p ,
0 x2 + y 2
p
1 + 1 + y2
 
1 p
F (y) = 1 + y 2 + y 2 ln .
2 y
y² G(y) = F 0 (y).

9. ( 13 ©)  2 3
 x y , (x, y) 6= (0, 0)

f (x, y) = x4 + y 4 .

0, (x, y) = (0, 0)

30
 ïıe5Ÿ:
(1) T¼ê ëY5;
(2) ˜ ëY5;
(3) T¼ê Œ‡5.

10. ( 13 ©)
1 1 + 2xn
x1 = , xn+1 = , n = 1, 2, · · · .
2 1 + xn
Áy {xn } Âñ, ¿¦ lim xn .
n→∞

11. ( 13 ©) y²
x − sin x
f (x) =
x
3 (0, +∞) ˜—ëY.

12. ( 13 ©) f (x) 3 [a, b] þëY…÷v

Z x
0 ≤ f (x) ≤ m + n f (t)dt (a ≤ x ≤ b),
a

Ù¥ m ≥ 0 9 n > 0 ´ü‡~ê. Áyé?¿ x ∈ [a, b] k

f (x) ≤ men(x−a) .

31
 17. uHnóŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 12 ©) ¦4• v v
u s r u s r !
t1 1 1 t1 1 1
u u
lim + + − − + .
x→0+ x x x x x x

2. ( 12 ©) (½ a, b Š, ¦¼ê
1
 (1 − cos ax), x < 0
x


f (x) = 0, x=0.

 1
 ln(b + x2 ),

x>0
x
3 (−∞, +∞) S??Œ , ¿¦§ ê.

3. ( 12 ©) OŽ4•
1pn
lim n(n + 1)(n + 2) · · · (2n − 1).
n→∞ n

4. ( 12 ©) ?ؼê 
sin πx, x •knê
y= .
0, x •Ãnê

ëY5, ¿•Ñmä:a..

5. ( 12 ©) a, b •~ê, ?ØÈ©
Z 1
xa−1 (1 − x)b−1 dx
0

Âñ5.

6. ( 12 ©) y²?ê
∞ 
X 1 1 1 
+ −
n=0
3n + 1 3n + 2 3n + 3

´uÑ .

7. ( 13 ©) f (x) 3 [0, 1] þëYŒ‡, y²

Z 1
lim n xn f (x)dx = f (1).
n→∞ 0

8. ( 13 ©) y²¼ê
1

(x2 + y) sin p
 , x2 + y 2 6= 0
f (x, y) = x + y2
2
.
x2 + y 2 = 0

 0,

3 (0, 0) ?ëY… ê•3, ê3: (0, 0) ?ØëY, f (x, y) 3: (0, 0) ?Œ‡.

9. ( 13 ©) (1) ò arctan x Ðm¤˜?ê, ¦ÂñŒ».

(2) |^ (1) y²
4 4 4
π =4− + − · · · + (−1)n + ··· .
3 5 2n + 1
(3) |^ (2) ¥ úªCqOŽ π Š, I‡¦õ ‘ Ú, Ø Ø¬‡L 10−m ( m •g,ê).

32
 ∂P ∂Q
10. ( 13 ©) 3,4Ý/• D S = . Áy
∂y ∂x
Z x Z y
u(x, y) = P (x, y)dx + Q(x0 , y)dy + C
x0 y0

• P dx + Qdy ¼ê, Ù¥ C = u(x0 , y0 ).

11. ( 13 ©) OŽe -¡
 x2 y2 z 2 2 x2 y2
+ + 2 = 2 + 2
a2 b 2 c a b
¤Œ¤ NÈ.

12. ( 13 ©) k ´~ê, L •-‚ x2 + xy + y 2 = r2 , •_ž ••. ½Â

xdy − ydx
I
I(r) = 2 2 k
.
L (x + y )

¦ lim I(r).
r→+∞

33
 18. uHnóŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 10 ©) ¦
Rx 2

0
et dt − x cos x
lim .
x→0 x − sin x
2. ( 10 ©) ¦
n
1X 1
lim kk.
n→∞ n
k=1

3. ( 10 ©) OŽÈ©
1
xα − xβ
Z
sin(ln x)dx (α > β > 0).
0 ln x

4. ( 10 ©) OŽ-‚È© I
y 2 ds,
C
2 2 2 2
Ù¥ C • x + y + z = a † x + y + z = 0 ‚.

5. ( 10 ©) OŽ-¡È© ZZ
(2x + 3)dydz + (3z + 4)dxdy,
Σ

Ù¥ Σ •º:´ (0, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0) 9 (0, 0, 1) o¡N L¡.

6. ( 10 ©) f (x) 3 (a, b) «mëY, a < x1 < x2 < · · · < xn < b, Áy•3 ξ ∈ [x1 , xn ], ¦
n
1X
f (ξ) = f (xk ).
n
k=1

Z +∞
f (x)
7. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 [0, +∞) ëY, …é ∀ε > 0, È© dx ÑÂñ, Áyé ∀z > y > 0, k
ε x
+∞
f (xy) − f (xz)
Z
z
dx = f (0) ln .
0 x y

8. ( 15 ©) ¦
∞
X
n2 xn
n=1

Âñ•9Ú¼ê.

9. ( 15 ©) ïÄ
u = xyz

3^‡ x2 + y 2 − z 2 = 1 9 x + y + z = 0 ƒe´Äk4Š.
n o n o
10. ( 15 ©) ØÂñê {xn } k., Áy•3 {xn } ü‡Âñf x(1)
nk 9 x(2)
nk ÷v

lim x(1) (2)

nk 6= lim xnk .
k→∞ k→∞

11. ( 15 ©) f (x, y) ·Ü ê3 (x0 , y0 ) •SëY, Áy•3 0 < θi < 1 (i = 1, 2, 3, 4), ¦

fxy (x0 + θ1 ∆x, y0 + θ2 ∆y) = fyx (x0 + θ3 ∆x, y0 + θ4 ∆y).

34
12. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 [a, b] þ Œ …÷v
0 00
(1) f (x) > 0, f (x) > 0 é ∀x ∈ [a, b];
(2) f (a) < 0, f (b) > 0.
-
f (b) f (xn )
x1 = b − , xn+1 = xn − 0 , (n = 1, 2, · · · ).
f 0 (b) f (xn )
Áy {xn } Âñ f (x) 3 (a, b) þ ":.

35