(CE S302 Highuay Engincerng Desig Transporation Engineering amd Surorying Laboratory 41. DETERMINATION. CIFIC GI OF BI This testis done to determine the specific gravity of semi-solid bitumen road tars, creosote and anthracene oil as per IS: 1202 - 1978. The principle is that it is-the ratio of mass of a given ‘volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of water, both taken ata recorded / specified temperature, APPARATUS, Pycnometer Water bath Thermometer Balance PROCEDURE Preparation of sample 1. Heat the sample with care, stirring to prevent local overheating until the sample has become sufficiently fluid to pour. While heating, keep in mind the following considerations; - i. In no case should the temperature be raised to more than 56,°C above the expected softening point for tar, or to more than 111°C above the expected softening point for asphalt ii, Do notheat for more than 30 minutes over a flame or hot plate or for more than 2 hours. ‘inan oven, and avoid incorporating air bubbles in the sample. 2, Thoroughly clean, dry, and weigh the Pycnometer to the nearest 1 mg, Designate this mass. as‘A’, m Fill the Pycnometer with fresh distilled water and place the stopper and keep in water container for at least % hour at room temperature, Remove the Pycnometer, immediately dry the top of the stopper with one stroke of a dry towel, then quickly dry the remaining ‘outside area of the Pycnometer and weigh to the nearest 1 mg, Designate the mass of the Pycnometer plus water as B’. Pour enough sample into the clean, dry, warmed Pycnometer to fill it about three-fourths of its capacity. Take precautions to keep the material from touching the sides of the ‘Department of Civil and Enviroranental Engineering 3 “University of RakerFycnometer above the final level, and to prevent the inclusion of air bubbles. Allow the Pyciometer and its contents to cool to amt \bient temperature for a period of not less than 40 minates, and weigh with, the stopper to the nearest 1 mg. Designate the mass of the Pycnometer plus sample as ‘C’. CALCULATIONS Calculate the specific gravity to the nearest third decimal as follows: (C~A) {@-4)-@-0) Specific Gravity = Where, = Mass of Pycnometer (+ stopper) = Mass of Pycnometer filled with water = Mass of Pycnometer partially filled with bitumen = Mass of Pycnometer + bitumen + water voopD ‘Universiy of Rabin ‘Department of Civil aed Environmental Enginesring 4 ity(CE $302 Highony Engineering Design ‘Transportation Engineering end Surveying Laboratory 2. PENETRATION TEST OF BITUMEN In this experiment, the sample is mélted and cooled ‘under’ controlled ‘conditions. The Penetration is measured with a penetrometer by means of which standard needle is applied.to the sample under specific conditions, The temperature, load and time of solid bituminous are understood to be 24-269 C, 100g and 58 respectively: For. semi-solid bituminous, the Penetration is more than the hard onés. Therefore, penetration test of bituminous materials is important and: very wide, application to. classify the bitaminous to specific grade. Although penetration testis classified as empirical test, it is very:easy and fast to be done: APPARATUS Penetration Apparatus Penetration Needle Sample Container Water Bath Timing Device Thermometers ape PROCEDI Preparation of test specimen he Heat the sample with care, stirring when possible to prevent local overheating, until it has become sufficiently fluid to.pour. In no case should the temperature be raised to more thar 90 °C above expected softening point for petroleum asphalt (bitumen). Do not heat samples for more than 30 minutes. Avoid incorporating bubbles into the sample. Pour the sample into: the .sample’;contiiner to a depth such ‘that, when cooled to the temperature of test, the depth of the sample is at least 10 mm greater than the depth to which the needle is‘ expected to penetrate, Pour two separate portions for each variation in test conditions. : Loosely cover edch container as a protection against dust (covering with a lipped beaker) and allow cooling in air at'a temperature between 15° and 30 °C for 1 to.2.5 hours for the small container and 15 to 2hours for the taller, Department of Civil and Eavisoumental Enginesing 5 University of RakenaGES? Nigiaay Caginerng Dec Trnsvtton Engineering nid Sart Lataary ‘Testing of sample Examine the needle holder and guide to establish the absence of water and other carers materials. Clean a penetration needle with toluene or other suitable solvent, dry witha . cloth, ond insert the needle into the penetrometer. Unless otherwise ‘specified place the 2 erat (weight above the needle, making the total weight 100 + 0.1 gram. Place the samp! commune? in the transfer dish, cover the container completely with water with the constant temperature bath and place the transfer dish on the stand of the penetrometer. Fosition the needle by slowly lowering it antl its tip just makes contact withthe surface ofthe sample. This is accomplished by bri ‘ging the actual needle tip into contact with its image reaatton the surface of the sample from a properly placed source of light Either note the OBSERVATION AND RESULTS, > _ Table 01: Results of the Penetration Test Penetration i 2 3 Date: Instructor's Signature: Deparcuew of Civil and Environmental Eaginesing University of Rabon5 nering Design CCE 3302 Highny Enginering Trapt Engin al Surg Lory Determine the nearest whole Unit the average of three penetrations whose values do not differ by more than the following. Table 02; Penetration Value : Tad [Bao above [~_ Penetration 0-49 | 50-149 | 150-249 Maximum difference between the 2 4 6 8 L highest and lowest value Discussion. z i f bitumen? 1, Whatis the significance of specific gravity o so 2 Whatare the eons thatcan be aie during the experznen Department of Givi und Environmental Engineering 7 University of Raines