Cow Signals Check Book - Kambiz Ghotouri

https://t.
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Introd uction
The Cow Signals concept
Cow Signals Diamond
Young stock Udder health

Growth and Development Checklist Hygiene Score Card
Calf Body Condition Score Card Milking Instruction Card
Calf Lying Comfort Score Card Milk Sampling Instruction Card
Diagnosis List for Diarrhoea in Young Calves Teat Health Score Card
New Heifers Checklist California Mastitis Test (CMT) Instruction Card
Instruction Card for infusinq the Udder
Feed &Water
Feed Intake Score Card Fertility
Rumen Fill Score Card Score Card Oestrus Signals
Body Condition Score Card Pregnancy Checklist
Manure Score Card: Digestion Instruction Card for Thawing Semen
Manure Score Card: Consistency Insemination Instruction Card
Drinking Troughs Checklist Insemination Technique Instruction card
Rest & Space Health & Disease

Checklist Calm cows in the barn Health and Welfare Checklist
Space Checklist Sickness and Distress Checklist
Stress-free Driving Instruction Card Injection Instruction Card
Instruction card: Driving cattle in a stress-free way Rule no. 1 for Effective Treatment Checklist
Standing Up and Lying Down Checklist
StallChecklist Dry period-Transition
Lyin g Comfort Scoreca rd Dry Cows Management Checklist
Calving Assistance Instruction Card
Light and Air Fresh Cow Management Instruction Card
Light Checklist 1O-Days plan: daily checklist for fresh cows
Air, Ventilation and Climate Checklist
Heat Stress Checklist: (21 Degrees Action Plan) Management
Standard Operating Procedures
Hoof care (SOP) Instruction Card
Hoof Health Checklist Success factors Instruction Card for Communicating with
Hoof Health Checklist 10 action points Staff
Checklist Footbaths Labour efficiency Checklist
Hoof Trimming Instruction Card
Mobility Score Card
Locomotion Score Card (Movement)
Hoof Signals Score Chart
Hoof Conditions Score Card
Hoof Bandage Instruction card
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Every cow has access for at least 21 hours Every cow has access for at least 21 hours
per day to palatable feed, of the right
consistency, providing a proper balance of
per day to fresh, palatable water free of
contaminantS.
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The cow always breathes fresh, clean air
The cow experiences a light regime with
at least 6 hours of darkness. When walking The air in the barn smells the same as t+
inthe barn, she encounters no transitions outside In hot weather, air speed and air
temperature both contribute to the cow's
from deep shadow to bright llght.There
t€" ability to keep her body cool.
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The cow has a comfortable place to lie The cow has no infections, diseases or
injuries lf there is something wrong with
The cow can walk to the water trough, the
manger and the resting place without fear.
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down.The cows should not be disturbed
unnecessarily or chased by other cows, by her, she is almost always treated and cared She should be able to socialize and exhibit
; people or dogs. Fetching and handling are for in an expert way signs of heat without problems 13
a done ln a calm and gentle manner.
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The desired body condition score increases with age. Always use your hand to feelthe
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thickness of fat in a fold of skin in the tail hollow, next to the tail. At body <ondition
s(ore 3, you can feel a small amount of fat here. Young stock should not put on too
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much fat. Too much fat deposition before nine months means their diet doesn't contain
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enough protein. After nine months, a too high energy content is to blame.
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(Very) sick calf. Thin, I st week E.coli Vet, intravenous Hygiene around cal-
flaky manure. Fever Fr
fluid therapy often ving and excellent F
or low temperature neceSsary. colostrum provision.
possible. Calfs condi-
tion may deteriorate
Vaccinate dry cows. E
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rapidly.
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Yellow, custard-like. Week 1-3 Feed diarrhoea Halve amount of Work more cleanly -E
Calf slightly dopey but milk given for two and more carefully
is drinking well. No feeds. Then incre- when feeding (tem- E
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fever. ase cautiously. perature of milk
concentration of milk E
replacer, teat bucket). f-
Extra feeding session. E
Yeffow, pasty to liquid. 7 to 14
Calf weak and listless. davs
Rotavirus/
coronavrrus
Give electrolytes in
extra feeding ses-
lmprove hygiene and
colostrum provislon.
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Temperature between
38'C and 39.5'C.
sion; keep feeding
milk. Medication in
Add 100 ml colos- F
trum to the milk daily.
consultation with
the vet.
Vaccinate dry cows. E
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Whitish-yellowish- Weeks2-3 Cryptosporidiosis Medication. Feed Hygiene (individual f
green, watery. Often plertrnlrrta< if pens), snatch calving F
contains blood. necessary. and possibly prophy-
lactic medication. F
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Brownish-green, thin, Week 4 Coccidiosis Medication. Prevent manure from
often contains blood. and Monitor ration. getting into feed or E
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Calf wizened beyond water. Monitor ration. l-
Losing weight. lmprove hygiene. E
Straining. Use more straw.
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Acute: greyish Acute: Rumen drinker/ Arr rta' cinhnn lmprove milk feeding
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manure. 3-4.
> day abnormal rumen, artificial method: 38-42'Cvia F
Chronic: brown-grey, Chronic: manure teat. teat, max. 5o/o body
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clay-like manure, thin > week Chronic: wean calf. weight. Especially for F
c calf with large 2-3. sick calves.
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Body condition score
and weight
Condition: ... The body condition score should be bet-
fr-I Weight: ...

Pregnant: yes,/no
ween 3.0 and 3.5 and the heifer should
weigh about 580 kg (chest circumference
fr-I Hooves: condition and health Trimmed: Yes/No

193 cm, for a Holstein).
At the time of calving, the hooves should
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Symptoms:
lon nn<itinn.
be as healthy and in as good shape as pos-
fr-.-t Resistance and vaccinations Intestinal worms:

sible, with no active digital dermatitis.
Cattle going to pasture need to be resi-
f LUngworm:
Leptospirosis:
stant to intestinal worms and lung worms.
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BVD:
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Udder quality Shaved /flamed: YeVNo
Quafters or teats with
Treat according to treatment plan.
Discuss abnormalities with the vet.
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Treatment
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Hygiene score: Treat immediately if you find scab or lice
Scab: and draw up a prevention plan.
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Lice:
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illudder+stomach/
General health Gen. impression:

r.rl Draw up a control and prevention plan
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Magnet in rumen: yeslno with the vet.
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Lungworms:
Liver fluke:
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Neospora:
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Mineral status Blood test Yes/No
Bolus given:...
Make a plan with the vet to monitor and
ascertain the mineral status.
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Injection of ................. given
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(ow accommodation
Feed:
Feed barrier/ trough:
A heifer needs 2 to 3 weeks to get used
to the parlour. Acclimatisation to concrete
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Stalls;
Floor:
floors and stalls before calving gives less
lameness during lactation.
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Cows:
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Ear tags present:
Collar:
Activity meter:
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The manure glistens, feels like a creamy emulsion and is
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homogeneous. No undigested feed particles can be felt or
seen. This is the ideal score for milkino and drv cows.
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The manure glistens and feels smooth and homogeneous.
There are a few undigested particles that can be felt or
seen. This is acceptable for milking and dry cows.
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The manure appears slightly dull and does not feel homo-
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undigested fibre remain stuck to your fingers. This manure
is acceptable for pregnant heifers and dry cows, but not
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coarse undigested feed particles, which are clearly visible. :I
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After closing and opening your hand, a ball of undigested
feed remains in your hand. Adjust the ration. :l
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Undigested ration components are clearly recognisable. :l
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manure lands on a hard surface, the splatter goes a long
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when there is some imbalance in the ratlon.
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ration is visibly digested
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landing. lt is well formed and stacks in rings. The height is a
finoers lennth or more Boot test: when the boot is lifted the
manure sticks to the sole and a footprint is left behind. This
indicates thatthere is an imbalance in the ration. For dry cows
and heifers this manure is acceptable, but always check the
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composition of the ration anyway.
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Ir- impression of the sole is left on the top of the manure. Dry
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cows, check that the ration is balanced and adjust accor-
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dingly. Check indlvidual cows for disease (ketosis).
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Hurrying only makes the last two or three or three week they know exactly what ves; only bring in the last row if necessary.
E-rl cows nervous and achieves nothing else. is happening, what they have to do and lf you go into the collection yard from
Cows alwap walk in order of rank and when. Like going into the milking parlour. the milking parlour to fetch the cows, the
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do not overtake each otl'rer- When ttrey
are calm they keep $eir heads dorrn so
Have the patience to allow routines to
develop and then stick to the routines
cows will first move backwards and then
forwards. This causes nervousness and
fr they can see wh€re thsy are placirg tfreir

feetThey laft their heads wtren drry are
ngitly. large forces on the feet.They will also get
used to you coming to fetch them. Walk
f neryous- around the cows. from behind.
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lir stream. Prevent this stream from being

interrupted; avoid obstacles, passageways
locations, and do not allow them to cause
problems. The best approach usually con-
the youngest calves. Make sure they
see people often enough and walk
l- with dead ends, or things that cows are sists ofcleanliness, rest, space and rubber. among them. Always be calm and
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afraid of. Cleanliness makes for clean, dry hooves
e Use a backing gate to reduce the size of and no stones on the track Rest reduces
predictable.
Never raise your voice and do not
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the collection yard, with a bell and not
electrified. Make sure that a cow can
aharaya walk from the back to the front
mrough the waiting cows.
hoof wear and the likelihood of sole brui-
sing. Space allows cows to get out of each
others way.
Rubber provides a soft surface with grip.
use force. Breed and select cows
a gentle nature.
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muscles to help ift her hindquarters
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Cool places and cooling capa<rty Summer ration proportions
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barn: one rapid flow drlnker (> 20 l/min or > 5 U5 gallmin) to
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and > 30 l,/min or B U5 ga ,/min) to every 20 cows
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dry natter
capacity: > 15 /cow/dr (4 US gal /cow/lr)
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Optimise feed and water management
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clean the feed manger daily
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feed often (to avoid heating), before the cool times of day (evenings,
very ear y mornings)
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' check purity and flow of drinking water twice a day
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Cool cows
blow air onLo tf'e cows: ho ding area, d'y cows. lactating cows in crb cles
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Adapt <ow management . keep fans runnlng until temperature reaches 19'C (66'F)
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above 26'C (79"F) and if the temperature does not drop below
: ;-- .:,es for 20'C (68'F) during the night: soak cows to the skin for I minute
the hottest times
t^ and cool usrng fans for 5 minutes (keep udders dry)
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Steps 4 and 5 are culative (treatment steps)
Pedicuring, or hoof
trimming
The aim of a functional pedi-
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health, structure and shaPe of
the hooves.Then the idea is to
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therefore the load. You will also :I
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treat any hoof conditions
Cut off as little as possible and
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horn in the bulb area A power t--
disc trimmer requires much
more skill than knives. Abrasive-
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and in any case are less effective
than sharp knives.
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lf in doubt and under a lot of
work pressure, leave the Pedicu-
ring to the professionals: the cat-
|--r
:J
tle pedicurist or hoof carer.
F-r
:J
:r
}r.-r
-J
j--
=-a
rr
ri-
E--
rr
Good mobility Walks with even no action needed
rirl weight bearing and routine (preventative) hoof
rr
r.a rhythm on all four trim ming when/if required.
feet, with a flat back.
I nnn flrrid ctri.lec
possible.
rr
r4
J
/s+
lL
I.t
rr
I Steps uneven would benefit from routine (pre-
r-ra (rhythm or weight ventative) hoof trimming when/if
bearing) or strides required.
r-.- rt shortened; affected fu rther observation recom men-
u
r--
rr
r--l
L \ limbs or limbs not
immediately identi-
tuble-
ded.
rr
A
I 2 Uneven weight bea- lame and likely to beneflt from
r ring on a limb that is treatment.
rr
immediately identifi- foot should be lifted to establish
able and/or obviously the cause of lameness before tre-
--t shortened strides atmenL
ru
a
r--l (usually with an arch should be attended to as soon as
to the centre ofthe nr:rtir:llir nn<<ihlo
back).
r
E Unable to walk as very rame.
E
fast as a brisk human cow will benefit from treatment.
pace (cannot keep cow requires urgent attention,
up with the healthy nursing and further professional
herd) and signs of
u
advlce.
score 2. cow should not be made to walk
far and kept on a straw yard or at
E
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in the most severe cases, culling

may be the only possible solution.
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i- https://t.me/livestockscience 45
The animal stands and walks normally She :a<:-
-l
F-r
F-r
o:rh <trido dolihpr:tolvr/, nl:rinn
vrqLrl
tho nrint nf the frnnr fnot.
hor rp:r fno: -
:l
Decline in feed intake:0olo
J
--r
Decline in milk production:0olo
Conclusion: this is good. :r
FJ
:r
F-r
Stands with flat back, but arches her back when :r

F-r
F-
she walks. Her head hangs lower and further
J
F-
J
from her body. Cait is slightly abnormal
Decline in feed intake: 1olo
Decline in milk production:0olo
Conclusion: this cow needs attention. :I
FJ
:t
-r
FJ
J
J:J
Both stands and walks with an arched back
F-r
She takes short strides with one or more legs
Decline in feed intake: 3olo
Decline in milk production: 5olo
Conclusion: the cow must be treated
effectively today. :t
FJ
:t
F-.
:t
F-.
--- .'.'r. rr
'.-l-
r=-. -. '1. ,., =.1r"-
De<line in feed intake:796
Dedine in milk production: 'l 79o
"
:t
FJ
-l
F-
F-.
Conclusion: this is a sick cow that must be
adequately treated and cared for as quickly J
as possible.
:t
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-. .- - . -.::r:-cunced arching of her back :J
FJ
j-: .-:s J' '3'lses to stand on the affected
:l
s:3-Jri9
Decline in feed intake: l60lo
J
FJ
Decline in milk production: 360lo .

FJ
Conclusion: this very sick cow needs
intensive care and veterinary help. J
F--
J
4
46
L-
r 'l
U Hoof shape
L: side view
L:
I--
I---
L: Hoof angle 45-55"
Unblemished heel area
Heel area too low Hoof tip too long
ru
L:
---a- Hoof shape
front view
r=--
U
I--I Cleft slightly open. Hoof wall Length/conformation hoof could be
straight and bearing weight better, incl. closed interdigital space
u
=--r
u
Manure soiling l"
ru
-a----a
Little or no manure >40% and <750/o of hoof

covered with manure
--- Dry orwet

r ,--l
r_:
L
r-1
u
--e
u
---
Lower half of hoof wet
rt
Reaction
-L--1 coronary band
aaL---
u
t-l
t
--l
Di$tal
dermatitis score
No swelling, no redness
Cow lifts up
the hoof
Crusts, vjsible skin damage,
interdigital growths
t
-,,-
E
rrt
No signs of digital dermatitis Digital dermatitis lesion, long
t
r
rl hair
Pain and relief Both hind legs

straight, weight
l' i*r, , : Does notfully
extend fetlock
Relieves one
limb
fully on hooves
-,t
l_-
E Legs splayed.
Walks on 'toes'
E
I
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r'.qs T1e oarze f rm v onro the wound.
roc t'the bandage
Remove the bandage after 3 or 4 daysl
Check the wouno Treat again if necessary.
r
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How to score:
L This clean or
]lazards of dirt
cleaner <> 3. This dirty or dirtier
.€
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. )iny udders: higher risk of udder infections.
. )'a-hoea: makes legs and udder more dirty, may contain pathogens and usually comes with reduced mastitis resistance
. ).:,, egs: higher risk of hoof problems
. l;':. ceoding: indicator of extra stress because cows want dry beds. Higher risk of skin lesions, and skin and udder infections.
E^
g
t
l->:es:..a1 are:oo short cause tails to lie in manure, which results in dirty tail ends and hindquarters
Always use milking gloves E-
F
F
E.
t I
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f
= F
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wash and dry very dirty teats;
u)c d pltr-LrqdLr I rc rL ogcl
LL
express three squ rts of nilk;
clean teat and teat end thoroughly
and dry with a clean cloth;
attach the c uster between 60 and 90
seconds after first touching the reat:
suspeno tlê cluster di'ectly beneatl
+
lllo))ogc
seconds;
, ^ -+ -^! ,! r^" r.r
LqoL or Lu uuuqr l! at least 1 5 the cow (long tube lengthways,
weight of cluster distributed evenly
F
keep hands (gloves) clean. between the teats);
make sure that claws and short milk F
tubes are not twisted
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
>-
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check the posltion
teat cups (use
ofthe cluster and
tube guides);
when manual take-off:
- switch off the cluster vacuum;
. make sure that at least the lower
two-thirds of the teat are comple- F
check that the cows are not ag;tated - remove the cluster from the teat tely coated, This is much easier with
very gently by letting in air; dipping. -his d sinfects the teat skin
which was in contact with the liner.
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examine the teats and udder
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Snlffing of the vulva, increased curiosity
and chln resting behaviour are signals to
n:\/ mnra 2ttantian tn tho an\^/ hr rt Vnr r
r-.- cannot rely on the cow being or coming

Into oesrruS.
rr--r-
r_:
r-r-l
Keep watching for a while, or go and have
another look a couple of hours later. Check
L: if the cow was in oestrus 2l days earlier.
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Note down
today.
that the cow could be rn oestrus
L"
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r-.-
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r-/-l
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About 90% of cows in oestrus show mountinr
r-rlt rah;1,'61 r. which lhev staft about 30 hours
^pfa13 1q,1 rl;tinn
vr.|ilyl f-linh-nrnrlrrrinn .^\^/( 2ro
r-t-
:r cestrus for less time, display less mounting
rr
r-<
r-i-
behaviour or often none at all. lf the mountec
cow moves away straight away, it ls almost
certainly the mounting cow that is in oestrus.
A cow shows mounting behaviour for arounc
E
1 2 hours. Standing heat and head-to-head
-J4
u
mounting last for about 6 hours (2-8 hours).
---r{ Once you are sure she has just come into
A u
r.{
u
oestrus, inseminate after 6-18 hours. High-
nrorlr te ino herris 4-l ) hours. ln doubt? Then
inseminate as soon as possible.
-3 You know for sure that a cow is in oestrus
u
if she stands still when she is being moun-
ted or she mounts other cows head-to-
-at-l
u
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ru
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lnseminate the cow within 6 hours.
lnseminate the cow again if she is still in
oestrus 24 hours after insemination.
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Individual farms can decide a different starting date.
Cow is cycling.
Cow has a stable or increasinq bcs: > 2+
hlperU S\il\dhRra\o\
Erd/atratrca furyandMi,Hellfu (orrtot\and
'{de\s\\e.(are
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one person can
E-
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F-
F
get one cow
F-
F
E-
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ts
ready for treatment F-r
F,-,1
:_l
F,-,i
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F
in one minute :-l
F
irl
-
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F-J
:l
FJ
:l
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and treat it properly in one go :l
Pruiesskmal: :
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=
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-:
L-
-{ T always fresh and tasty I every cow can drink at any time
L-
T properly measured, weighed and mixed T fresh, clean, tasty
-rft T room for every cow to eat T 20 | per minute per trough
i3
D.ra t
E -
r
E
-a{
L: Health D
t
-.{ ul I
J
F T
I
enough to perform proper inspections (> 200 lux)
option: winter rhythm (16 h dark, 8 h light)
ce T
T
excellent ventilation
> 21'C: combat heat stress
E
T < -5" C: extra feed to protect against cold
H
tr I
H
g I
b
no changing groups, or in groups T healthy hooves T > 2 routes to feed and water
I calve in the group or near the group T no diseases, no parasites, no wounds T surface with good grip
I a soft. dry spacious cubicle for every cow T check 2x daily T maxtmum room to move
b
b
b
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:I
>--t
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l-r-
r---
:I
]---
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F-+-
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r---
The cow is restrained. Wash your arms
and the cow's rear end with the disinfec-
With reasonable traction on the calving
aid, check iI the calf is ready to be delive-
:I
F_-
water containing disinfectant for yourself,
bucket of cold water for the calf, halter for tant. Make sure none of it gets back into red. Practise recognising the feel of the
:J
F--
the cow and plenty of lubricant. Calving
aid at the ready. Calving ropes are in the
the bucket. Use plenty of lubricant. Tie
the tail to the halter
pelvic entrance and the dlfferent parts of
the calf. Most calving cows will lie down :I -
disinfectant water. by themselves.

J
F---
Can the calf be delivered?

:I
F---
-l
F--
Assess whether the calf can pass through
L--
the pelvls. Too little space: call the vet
Normal position: At the Pelvic :I
F--r
entrance, feel the space over the calfs
head and how the shoulders are lyinq
:J
F---
with respect to the pelvic entrance Are
:J
they in front of or outslde the pelvic
entrance? How far are thev from the pel- :I
F---
F-
vic entrance?
You should flnd:
. you can get your hand over the head
:l
F--r
. distance from pelvic entrance to both
A cow lying on its slde (rather than on
its belly) has a wider pelvic entrance and
After the birth, feel for another calf and
check the birth canal for injurles. lf the :l
F--
shoulders:
- in a cow standing uP < 1O cm
can push harder With a rope under its
belly, behind the forelegs and ln front
vagina ls very blue or torn, cool it for 10
minutes with cold running water. Ask :I
>---
- in a cow lying down < 5 cm
(measure with your index finger).
of the udder, you can make the cow lie
down. Take your time. Pull when the
your vet for a treatment plan for these
animals. :l
F.-r
lf the calf is the wrong way round
(posterior presentation): turn the
cow pushes and stop pulling when she
doesn't, to let the calf rest.
:l
F--
calf's hindquarters 30" to the left or
right. With reasonable traction, the heels
:J
1".-.r
should come to the level of the vulva. In :J
the case of a heifer, take plenty of time to
stretch the birth canal. Ask your vet how. :I
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sc I ntr a m a m rn a ry t"r e atm enbs
this standard operaling Vrocedure defines inlramarnmary lrealmenl
procedures at, ?aslures Farm.
1. Purpose of the procedure. It io the reo?onsibilif,y of Ehe eick pen manaqer Lo pertorm the st eps as oullined
H
inthis procedure. ltis the responsibility oflheherd manager lo have all materials
2. Roles and responsibilities of management
in place to be ablef,o perform lhe procedure.
and staff.
3. Materials to be used, including personal Malerials:
s
protection equipment. - disposable gloves
- li gt of c ow e f,o b e lre at e d, oblai ne d l e s s lh a n2 ho urs b elo r e t? e alffi e nl
4. Procedure: - orange velcro leg stra?o
a. sequence ofjob steps; - a nt ib i of,i c lt e af,m e nt g

- dip cup wit h 1 % iodine teat dip >:
b. potential hazards and prevention ofthese - paper towels
>:
hazards. - dioinfectanl oaae
$
5. Review and review procedures for SOP, e.g.
annual review. 1 . Use clean qloves for each cow to belreated.
2. ldent ify lhe cow Lo be t?eated. Double check earLag with r,?ea!fient lilt.
3.Ensurelhe cow is marked with an orangelegetra? onLhelefthindleg.
-'r:-c es of proceduresthat can be captured in a 4,ldentify mastil,isl,ubefortreatment, double checkwif,htreatrnentlist.
:..^tr:.c operating procedure are cow movement 5. Oip theteat. ofr,he quarterf,o be treated with 1% iodinef,eat dip.
6.Wipe lhetealclean after 3O secondo cont actlime usinq a papertowel.
:-,::lJres, mi king procedures, treatment proce-
7. Disinfecf, lhe t eat wilh the disin+ect anl oad.
: -':- -' K samp e col/ection, heat detection, and 8. lnserf,theti? ofthe nozzleintolheleat end, approximately 1 /4 of aninch.
-::^- â: Ja 9 . lnject Lhe contenls of the tube int o the t eat . o nol massaae it in
t
O I
1 O. Dio the teat in 1% iodine.

11. Discard emply tube, disinfectant pad and gloves into medical waste baskel.
1 2 Tlace checkma?k nexl lo 6ow id on lhe Lreatment list.
This procedure is reviewedby lheherd manager

andthe vel every Oclober.
b.
b,
b
I
Understanding Preferences
Awareness
Explain how the daY to daY Ask your stafffor feedback
-t>
Communicate Your goals
activlties relate to Your goals. on the plans that You have
clearly to your staff. lt is a
So your staff also under- to obtaln Your goals.
farm mission. Obtain buY-in.
stands "why".
Actions lmplementation Loyalty

Success leads to loYaltY.
Provide clear oPerating
Provide feedback and celebrate success'
procedures.
>i
>r:
EI
i]
:t
?
I Communication funnel rer? Get them involved
, Peoole will start to feel involved
This diagram shows the steps to
at when they can influence their work
take, in the right order Plus the
,'j
,! and see and experience the results.
relative amount of effort each
step should get (indicated bY
- width of the funnel).
=
:
lmpleme bn LoYaltY
a 84 https://t.me/livestockscience
lsBN 978-90-8740-1 03-0

Cow Signals Check Book - Kambiz Ghotouri

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Young stock Udder health

Rest & Space Health & Disease

fr-I Weight: ...

fr-I Hooves: condition and health Trimmed: Yes/No

fr-.-t Resistance and vaccinations Intestinal worms:

General health Gen. impression:

l: ldentification and sensors

l: Athin porridge that is recognisable as manure. When

lj boot. This is the ideal consistencv for manure and the

fr they can see wh€re thsy are placirg tfreir

f neryous- around the cows. from behind.

lir stream. Prevent this stream from being

Availability of drinking water

L Keep the barn cool and ultra-clean

I 2 Uneven weight bea- lame and likely to beneflt from

r ring on a limb that is treatment.

in the most severe cases, culling

Stands with flat back, but arches her back when :r

Decline in milk production: 360lo .

Little or no manure >40% and <750/o of hoof

--- Dry orwet

Pain and relief Both hind legs

r-.- cannot rely on the cow being or coming

L: if the cow was in oestrus 2l days earlier.

-3 You know for sure that a cow is in oestrus

disinfectant water. by themselves.

Can the calf be delivered?

a. sequence ofjob steps; - a nt ib i of,i c lt e af,m e nt g

1 O. Dio the teat in 1% iodine.

This procedure is reviewedby lheherd manager

Actions lmplementation Loyalty

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