Mr.

EARL STEPHEN MANALO, LPT

Lecturer, EDUC 5 – Assessment of Learning 1
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
• explain the basic concepts and principles in educational assessment;
• discuss the role of assessment in making instructional decisions to
improve teaching and learning;
• reflect on and discuss the applications and implications of
assessment to teaching and learning;
• differentiate measurement, test, assessment, and evaluation;
• explain the high-quality assessment components.

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• Assessment is a method of gathering
your school performance data that
aims to collect information to specify
and verify problems concerning your
learning achievement.
• It is a proof of learning success can
be manifested in your tests, written
works, journals, portfolios, and https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/imag
other learning tasks. (Navarro, et al., es/light_bulb_RS4558_176430210-web_0.jpg

2017).
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1) Assessment FOR Learning
• This is being used by the teacher to find out
the extent of what you know and what you
can do and thereby see the gaps in learning
that you might have.
• Formative assessment; wherein its result
serves as a proof that you have achieved
the desired learnings targeted by your
teacher.
Ex: questioning, quizzes, pre-test and https://t4.ftcdn.net/jpg/01/38/49/27/360_F_138492743_snFc
44oBpdU3q913IBT4Yd2I5l1iVZOD.jpg
post-test.
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1) Assessment OF Learning
• It is usually given towards the end of a
course or a unit in a semestral term.

• It is being done to determine if you have

achieved the instructional goals and for
your teachers to give you an equivalent
mark or grade.
Ex: Your mid-term or final
https://www.citypng.com/public/uploads/small/11658428852r
examinations. bxfmcbi59smtc1dhqayfc61yb0d6snvep62wjew3wrfo8ifzffr5h
0fepzrfq9dhe6mdxy8ight5wfu32xcbu2txymbqop51q81.png

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1) Assessment AS Learning
• Its main focus is on how you efficiently
manage your own learning.
• It gives important emphasis on
metacognition (an awareness of one’s
thoughts and processes).
• It assumes that learning is not only
about someone who is knowledgeable in
transferring ideas to someone who is https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-

not. content/uploads/sites/23/2016/08/HiRes-800x547.jpg

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1) Traditional Method
• it refers to the written test or the
paper-and-pencil test.

• This type of test usually relies on

rote memorization of facts.

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2) Authentic Method
• involves the demonstration of
your actual performance of what
you have learned from the class.

• It is mostly preferred by many in

evaluating the students’
achievement.

Illustration taken from FS 5, Corpus. Brenda (2015)

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 THE PURPOSE OF ASSESSMENT
inspire and motivate you to focus on
your study
provide feedbacks to improve your
learning
diagnose your strengths and
weaknesses
help you develop your skills of self-
assessment
provide a profile of what you have
learned
determine if you are capable of
receiving a passing or failing mark
predict success in your future
employment
provide feedbacks for your lecturer/s
help improve our methods of teaching
make the course appear creditworthy
to other institutions and employees
make the course appear creditworthy
to other institutions and employees
help you acquire license to practice
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profession
• It is an organized method of obtaining
information from your progress in
terms of knowledge, skills, behavior,
and aptitude by exposing you to a
particular set of questions to obtain a
score.
• It is used to interpret whether you
have or have not achieved the
https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/imag
learning targets and competencies set es/light_bulb_RS4558_176430210-web_0.jpg

by your teacher.
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1) Standardize Testing
• The same test is uniformly administered
to all students which means the
questions, the allotted time, and the
mode of scoring are all the same.
Examples:
a. College Admission Test
b. Aptitude Test
c. International Comparison Test https://the-post-
assets.sgp1.digitaloceanspaces.com/2020/11/ENTRANCE-
EXAMS.jpg
d. Psychological Test
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2) High Stakes Testing

• a man-made test which utilized the test

results for important judgment or
decision concerning the following
matters.

https://www.clipartmax.com/png/middle/130-
1300612_graduation-clipart-transparent-background-
graduation-cap-and-diploma.png

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a. Students getting promoted to the next grade level
b. Students receiving a high school diploma
c. Accreditation of schools
d. Financial incentives for schools based on students' test performance
on high-stakes test.
e. Principal and teachers being reassigned to other school as
promotion
f. Hiring employees/teachers in an organization

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1) Diagnostic Test

• It is used to determine your individual

difficulties by knowing your strengths
and weaknesses prior to instruction so
proper intervention can be done by your
teacher.

https://the-post-
assets.sgp1.digitaloceanspaces.com/2020/11/ENTRANCE-
EXAMS.jpg

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2) Placement Test

• It is a test intended to assess your

particular knowledge or capability in
different subjects so as to assign you
to fitting courses or classes.

https://www.titandirect.co.uk/resources/channels/titandirect/i
mages/categories/primary-secondary.jpg

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3) Proficiency Test

• It is designed to gauge your insight

and capacity in a language.

https://www.titandirect.co.uk/resources/channels/titandirect/i
mages/categories/primary-secondary.jpg

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4) Achievement Test

• It is a test given at the end of a course

to assess if you are able to achieve the
course objectives.

https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/p7ZmW_zGIzzf87M9W
LaOsDJzBk8=/2579x2579/smart/filters:no_upscale()/547014
039-56a795b73df78cf772976170.jpg

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5) Aptitude Test

• It is intended to evaluate your

capacity, of what you can do, and
what you can achieve in your learning
to determine how well you perform in
the future.

https://www.nestle.com.ph/sites/g/files/pydnoa366/files/style
s/full_width_image_1920x795_/public/job-search-
main_1.jpg?itok=fqgB41a6

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• is the assignment of a quantitative
description of the pupils’/learners’
performance.
• The most common example in
classroom is when your teacher
administers a quiz test or term
examinations. https://www.helpyoubetter.com/wp-
content/uploads/2018/11/SI-units-of-Measurement-
1200x675.png

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1) Objective (as in testing)
• Objective measurements are those
that reveal nearly the same results
even if it is done repeatedly.

• It involves impartial measurement and

to determine the objectivity of
measure, one needs to assess its
reliability. https://www.chieflearningofficer.com/wp-
content/uploads/2016/10/CO_1016_Feature1_760x456.png

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2) Subjective (as in perceptions)

• Subjective measurement - indicates

measures concerning the actual
experience of an individual, his
feelings or emotions, and opinions
that are commonly subject to
disagreement.
https://myarticles.io/wp-
content/uploads/2021/03/1_9fF9Q9B8Qxjv69krn-
0SWg@2x-4.png

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• Evaluation – involves judging or deciding about the quality of your
school performance for your teacher to implement a possible
course of action.
• Patton (1987) defined evaluation as a process which involves
gathering of information and uses the results to analyze and judge
the value and worthiness of something.
• Evaluation includes both qualitative and quantitative description of
your class performance.
Evaluation = Quantitative description of pupils (Measurement) +
Value judgments
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1) Clear Purpose

Good assessment should have

a clear purpose and goal.
A question like “why are we
assessing the students for” “What is it
intended for” should come to mind
and establish.
https://www.cembhofmann.co.uk/wp-
content/uploads/2021/07/ServicePromise.jpg

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2) Clarity of Learning Targets

It involves specifying clear

learning objectives which involve
showing what you know and can do
and how your performance will be
judged.

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/2kRHC2WF8JI/maxresdefault.jpg

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3) Appropriateness of
assessment methods
Choosing the right
assessment methods which should
match the identified learning targets
will provide quality assessment.

https://creazilla-
store.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com/cliparts/71240/check-
mark-clipart-xl.png

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4) Adequate Sampling

It is necessary that a teacher

should consider varied assessment
strategies to determine sufficient
information if the targeted learnings
are achieved by the students.

https://cdn.funwithmama.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/10/lakeshore-diversity-activities-4.jpg

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5) Objectivity

The objectivity of a test can be

determined if the same tests, used by
examiners, yield the same scores.
After the key has been
prepared, there should be no question
as to whether an item is right or
wrong, partly right or partly wrong. https://sites.google.com/a/mahidol.edu/pretest-
posttest/_/rsrc/1438746667022/home/per-test-post-
um_03.png

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6) Accountability and Fairness
Accountability in assessment
requires the use of the information
obtained from assessment as a basis
to validate or modify the behavior of
the student and educator.

A fair assessment is not biased

and non-discriminatory to the https://sites.google.com/a/mahidol.edu/pretest-
posttest/_/rsrc/1438746667022/home/per-test-post-
performance of students. um_03.png

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 It is a system of teaching and
learning that focuses all elements of
the educational experience, including
teaching, assessment, grading, and
reporting on standards that span all
throughout a student's schooling.
https://www.mdislander.com/wp-
content/uploads/sites/5/2016/01/education.jpg

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What is STANDARD?

It is a succinct, clearly written

description of what a student should
know and be able to do after the
lessons are taught.

https://pams.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Untitled-2-02-
770x1024.png

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It is a learner-centered approach to
education which emphasizes what
learners can demonstrate of
“knowing and doing.”

OBE reforms sets well-defined

guidelines for observable and https://www.mdislahttps://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-
9ac95b7523835a8d3ade43bc6fa4e34ander.com/wp-
quantifiable outcomes. content/uploads/sites/5/2016/01/education.jpg

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 IMPLEMENTING OUTCOME BASED
EDUCATION DESCRIPTION
Navarro, R.L., Santos, R.G & Corpuz, B.B., (2017)

1. Identify educational objectives of the Educational Objectives are stated this way:
subject or course At the end of the lesson, student can
understand the concept and other
terminologies in Assessment of Learning
2. List learning outcomes for each subject Learning outcome is stated this way:
or course At the end of the unit, the student can
explain the differences among
assessment, measurement, and
evaluation.
3. Drafting outcomes assessment You need to identify the data necessary in
procedure the selection of assessment tools.

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 Hansen (1989) stated that outcome-based education stresses
curriculum alignment and instructional method which would center on the
goal and the result.
1. Outcomes or objectives are publicly and clearly stated.
2. Teaching is focused on the stated objectives.
3. Frequently monitors student’s learning.
4. Adjustment of the learning process to allow students obtain proficiency of
learning the objectives.
5. Assessment is aligned to the objectives and the authentic student learning.

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 William Spady (1994), on the
other hand, also gave the following:

1. Clarity of focus
2. Designing down
3. High Expectations
4. Expanded Opportunities
https://www.onatlas.com/images/resources/performance-
assessment.jpg

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Based on the lessons on the basic concepts and assessment in learning,
select (5) five core principles and explain them in relation to your future pre-
service plan as Early Childhood Educator.

Example:

PRINCIPLE ILLUSTRATION TO PRACTICE

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1) Assessment should have a clear
purpose.