JIJIGA UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
INDIVIDUAL ASSINMENT

Course Name: Project Analysis and Management

Name: Abdulahi Sheik Mahmed

ID NO/0059/15

Program: First year regular 2nd semester

Summited to . Dr,Abent Yohanes P.H,D JIGJIGA, ETHIOPIA,

Date = July, 2023
 There are several reasons why projects may fail. Here are some of the main factors:
1. Poor planning: Inadequate or ineffective project planning can lead to failure.
Insufficiently defining project goals, scope, tasks, and timelines can result in confusion
and misalignment.
2. Unclear objectives: If the project objectives are ambiguous or not properly
communicated, it becomes difficult to measure success or make informed decisions
throughout the project lifecycle.
3. Lack of stakeholder engagement: Insufficient involvement of key stakeholders can
lead to misalignment, resistance, and inadequate support for the project.
4. Inadequate resources: Projects often fail if they do not have the necessary resources,
including budget, skilled personnel, technology, or equipment to effectively execute the
project plan.
5. Scope creep: When project scope expands beyond its intended boundaries without
proper control and management, it can lead to a lack of focus, increased costs, and
delays, eventually resulting in failure.
6. Poor risk management: Failure to identify, assess, and mitigate project risks can lead
to unforeseen issues, such as delays, budget overruns, quality problems, or even total
project failure.
7. Communication breakdown: Inadequate communication between project team
members, stakeholders, and project managers can cause misunderstandings,
misaligned expectations, and delays in decision-making, negatively impacting the
project's success
. 8. Lack of accountability and leadership: Projects can fail if there is a lack of clear
leadership, accountability, and ownership. Without a strong project manager or sponsor,
decision-making can become unclear, and responsibility may be diluted.
9. Changing requirements: Frequent changes in project requirements without proper
evaluation and impact analysis can lead to confusion, rework, cost overruns, and delays,
eventually leading to project failure.
10. Inadequate monitoring and control: Without proper monitoring, progress tracking,
and control mechanisms in place, it becomes difficult to identify and rectify issues early
on, leading to project failure. It's important to note that these factors are not exhaustive,
and various combinations of these elements can contribute to project failure. Each
project is unique, and the reasons for its failure may vary based on its specific context.

ASSIGNMENT TWO
The problem tree and objective tree are two related tools used in project planning and
management. The problem tree is a visual tool that helps identify the root causes of a
particular problem or issue. It is also known as a "causal analysis" or "impact analysis."
The problem tree is constructed by starting with the problem or issue at the center of
the diagram and then branching out to identify the underlying causes and factors that
contribute to the problem. The branches of the problem tree can be further refined to
identify the specific issues that need to be addressed. The objective tree, on the other
hand, is a tool used to identify the desired outcomes or objectives of a project or
intervention. It is also known as a "logic model" or "results framework."
The objective tree is constructed by starting with the overall goal of the project or
intervention, and then breaking it down into specific objectives or outcomes that need to
be achieved to reach that goal. Each objective is then broken down into specific
indicators or measures that can be used to track progress towards achieving the
objective. The problem tree and objective tree are often used together in project
planning and management. The problem tree helps identify the underlying causes of a
problem or issue, while the objective tree helps identify the desired outcomes and
objectives of a project or intervention. By using these tools together, project planners
and managers can develop more effective strategies for addressing the root causes of
problems and achieving desired outcomes.