th ‘Saskatchewan Highways and ‘Transportation OM 220, Sesion DITCH CROSS SECTIONS Design Manual fewer OSOSCS~SSSSS INTRODUCTION SIDESLOPE DITCH BOTTOM 989 10 17 The most common ditch in Saskatchewan is trapezoidal in shape. The cross section is composed of three elements: + foreslope (sideslope) ditch bottom backs Tope Various factors influence the final geometry of the ditch cross section. These factors must be considered along each section of highway to determine the final design. The sideslope provides lateral support for the travelled way and provides an escape route for errant vehicles. The primary factors which influence the sideslope are: roadway classification type of earth material used to construct the embankment (Reference Standard Plan No. 22010) + embankment height or ditch depth + maintenance requirements In Saskatchewan the most common slopes are between 3:1 and 6:1. The ditch conveys water away from the roadway and often intercepts water from property adjacent to the right-of-way. The ditch also provides some snow storage during the winter. The depth of the ditch is primarily determined by considering the following factors: . existing drainage patterns + roadway classification + right-of-way width + terrain : water table type of earth material + earth excavation quantities + snow storage capacity water flow rates The ditch depth (OD) in Saskatchewan is commonly designed in the range 0 = 1.0 meters to D = 1.5 meters. The ditch is generally deepened in situations where poor natural drainage exists or where the performance of an existing roadway is below normal expectations.Design Manual DH 220 @ Seetion Subject" DITCH CROSS SECTIONS The ditch width and cross slope are influenced by the following primary factors: safety water flow rates aesthetics type of available earth material earth excavation quantities itches or pilot ditches are to be constructed outside the normal roadway righ-of-way. Ditches can be widened to maximize earth excavation within the right-of-way.- In Saskatchewan the common ditch width (W) is in the range H = 5 meters to H = 8 meters with the ditch sloping away from the sideslope at 3% to 10%. BACKSLOPE The backslope is primarily influenced by: - depth of ditch cut * snow drifting mitigation . 7 + type of earth material @ > safety + right-of-way width 7 + maintenance requirements In Saskatchewan the backslope is designed at a maximum slope of 3:1. unless the excavation involves solid rock. TYPICAL DITCH Typical dimensions for various roadway standards are detatied CROSS SECTION in the Standard Plans section. The plans are intended to provide the designer with general guidelines. CUT SECTIONS In situations where earth material must be wasted due to extensive excavation in a cut section, the designer may consider altering the ditch geometry. The first consideration is to reduce the width of the ditch. This alteration is generally considered when the cut at the backslope is approximately 2.5 meters or greater. The ditch width can be reduced to a minimum of 6 meters for arterial and collector road classifications and to a minimum of 5 meters for local roads. The second consideration is to reduce the ditch depth (0). The ditch depth can be reduced to a minimum of 0.8 meters for all road classifications if there are no groundwater or materials concerns. EMBANKMENT AND The ditch depth may be increased due to drainage e SIDE OITCH or geotechnical restrictions. For example the presence of a high water table may require a deeper ditch to protect the roadway embankment. | 2 of 3 1989 10 17Design Manual DM 220 Section: DITCH CROSS SECTIONS Subject DESIGN REVIEW 1989 10 v7] When designing a deep ditch the following guidelines can be used. 1) Y7010 alo = 1.2 metres Ws 6 metres ditch slope = 3% = 1.2 metres to D = 1.8 metres w is variable 6 metres at D = 1.2 metres 9 metres at D = 1.8 metres ditch slope = 3% = 1.8 metres to D = 3.0 metres w= 9 metres d = 1.5 metres ditch slope variable to a maximum of 10% after which the ditch width is increased as required. = 3 metres a Separate pilot ditch or channel is to be constructed outside the normal highway right-of-way. 2) U=7415;_U-7420, U-7430, D-7430 aD biter tor = 1.2 metres W = 8 metres ditch slope = 3% = 1.2 metres to D = 1.8 metres w is variable 8 metres at D = 1.2 metres 10.7 metres at D = 1.8 metres ditch stope = 3% = 1.8 metres to D = 3.0 metres W = 10.7 metres d= 1.5 metres ditch slope variable to a maximum of 10% after which the ditch width is increased as required. = 3 metres a separate pilot ditch or channel is to be constructed outside the normal right-of-way. ‘The Design Engineer should discuss ditch geometry at the detailed design review meeting. The Design Engineer must obtain approval from the Design and Traffic Safety Branch to reduce the ditch width and/or depth as described in the standard cross section plans. 3 of 3