2016 Proceedings of PICMET '16: Technology Management for Social Innovation

1RQ5 'EDVHG,QQRYDWLRQDQGWKH*URZWKRI60(VLQ&KLQD 
$&DVH6WXG\RI+DQJ]KRX)&&RPSDQ\

=KHQJ4LQJTLQJ*XR<DQWLQJ/HL0LQJWLDQ]L=KHQJ*DQJ
6FKRRORI0DQDJHPHQW=KHMLDQJ8QLYHUVLW\+DQJ]KRX&KLQD

Abstract5HFHQWO\ D JURZLQJ QXPEHU RI DFDGHPLF UHVHDUFK SHUIRUPLQJ 5 ' EXW WKH SURSRUWLRQ RI 60(V SHUIRUPLQJ
VKRZV WKDW WKLV 5 'IRFXVHG YLHZ RI LQQRYDWLRQ LJQRUHV WKH LQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHVLVXSWR>@%DVHGRQWKHHYLGHQFH
RWKHU SRSXODU LQQRYDWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV LQ 60(V ZKLFK FDQQRW
WKH QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ PD\ EH D PRUH HIIHFWLYH
H[SODLQ WKDW VRPH 60(V ZLWK ZHDN 5 ' FDSDELOLW\ VWLOO EH
LQQRYDWLYH )XUWKHU UHOHYDQW VWXGLHV KDYH LQGLFDWHG WKDW LQQRYDWLRQVWUDWHJ\IRUPDQ\60(VLQWKHJURZWKVWDJH 
DEVRUSWLYH FDSDFLW\ LV FORVHO\ UHODWHG WR WKH GHJUHH RI EHQHILW +RZHYHUVLQFHH[LVWLQJDFDGHPLFUHVHDUFKDQGLQQRYDWLRQ
60(V FDQ JHW IURP QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ SROLFLHV DUH PDLQO\ IRFXVLQJ RQ HQKDQFLQJ 5 ' FDSDELOLWLHV
1RQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQSURYLGHVQHZO\LQQRYDWLYHLGHDVIRU DQGLQQRYDWLYHSUDFWLFHVRIODUJHHQWHUSULVHVWKHUHDUHOLPLWHG
WKH HQWHUSULVH ZKLOH DEVRUSWLYH FDSDFLW\ KHOSV HQWHUSULVHV WR JXLGHOLQHV IRU 60(V ZLWK QR IRUPDO UHVHDUFK LQVWLWXWLRQ DQG
DGDSW WR WKH GLYHUVH DFWXDO VLWXDWLRQV ZKLFK IXUWKHU LPSURYHV ZHDN5 'FDSDELOLW\$QGLQFRQWUDU\WRWKHODUJHDPRXQWRI
WKH LQQRYDWLRQ SHUIRUPDQFH 7KHUHIRUH WKLV SDSHU LV WU\LQJ WR
UHYHDO WKH SHUYDVLYH QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ SUDFWLFHV LQ
PDLQVWUHDP UHVHDUFK IRFXVLQJ RQ 5 ' LQQRYDWLRQ UHVHDUFK
&KLQHVH60(VEDVLQJRQDFDVHVWXG\RI)DVKLRQLQ&KLQD)&LQ RQ QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ DQG 60(V LQ WKH &KLQHVH
VKRUW ,W VKRZV WKDW QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV FRQWH[WLVYHU\VFDUFH>@ 
QDPHO\WHFKQRORJ\DGRSWLRQLPLWDWLRQDQGUHYHUVHHQJLQHHULQJ 6R IDU LW KDV HVVHQWLDO WKHRUHWLFDO DQG SUDFWLFDO
GHVLJQ LQQRYDWLYH LPSOLFDWLRQ RI H[LVWLQJ NQRZOHGJH HWF KDYH VLJQLILFDQFHWRVWXG\KRZ&KLQHVH60(VHQKDQFHLQQRYDWLRQ
SRVLWLYHHIIHFWVRQLQQRYDWLYHSHUIRUPDQFHDQGWKHHQWHUSULVH¶V FDSDELOLW\ WR EXLOG XS WKH VXVWDLQDEOH FRPSHWLWLYH DGYDQWDJH
DEVRUSWLYHFDSDFLW\DOVRKDVDSRVLWLYHPRGHUDWLQJHIIHFWRQWKH
UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV DQG
E\HIIHFWLYHDQGGLYHUVHQRQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLYHDFWLYLWLHV
LQQRYDWLRQ SHUIRUPDQFH 7KLV UHVHDUFK DUJXHV WKDW )URP WKH QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ SHUVSHFWLYH WKLV VWXG\
QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV DUH YHU\ HIIHFWLYH DQG UHYHDOV WKH JURZWK RI 60(V LQ &KLQD WKURXJK D VLQJOH FDVH
SRSXODU IRU 60(V¶ VXUYLYDO DQG JURZWK DQG WKH FRQWLQXRXV VWXG\ RQ )DVKLRQ ORFDWHG LQ +DQJ]KRX ZKLFK H[SORUHV WKH
LQYHVWPHQW LQ DEVRUSWLYH FDSDFLW\ FDQ KHOS WR IXUWKHU HQKDQFH WKHRUHWLFDOIUDPHZRUNUHODWHGWRQRQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQ
WKHHIIHFWVRIQRQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQ 
 ,,/,7(5$785(5(9,(:$1'7+(25(7,&$/
,,1752'8&7,21 )5$0(:25.
 
,WKDVORQJEHHQDFNQRZOHGJHGWKDWUHVHDUFKGHYHORSPHQW 1RQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQKDVEHHQPHQWLRQHGLQPDQ\
5 'LVWKHPDLQRUHYHQWKHRQO\PHWKRGRILQQRYDWLQJLQ
LQQRYDWLRQ UHVHDUFKHV +RZHYHU HQWHUSULVH SUDFWLFHV KDYH
VKRZQ WKDW WKLV VLQJOH VRXUFH RI LQQRYDWLRQ SHUVSHFWLYH
LJQRUHG WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI RWKHU LQQRYDWLYH PHWKRGV LQ
HQWHUSULVHSUDFWLFHV>@)XUWKHUPRUHDQDQDO\VLVRIWKHWKLUG
OLWHUDWXUH DQG VWXGLHV %XW IRUPHU VWXGLHV MXVW PHQWLRQ VRPH
VSHFLILFDFWLYLWLHVWKDWEHORQJWRQRQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQ
IRFXVLQJ RQ VSHFLILF PRGH RI HQWHUSULVHV SUDFWLFHV >@
+RZHYHU WKHUH LV QR XQLILHG GHILQLWLRQ RI WKH FRQFHSW RQ
QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ %DVHG RQ H[LWLQJ OLWHUDWXUH ZH
&RPPXQLW\ ,QQRYDWLRQ 6XUYH\ &,6 DQG &,6 UHVXOWV
ILQGV WKDW RYHU KDOI RI LQQRYDWLYH (XURSHDQ ILUPV WKDW
HQJDJHGLQSURGXFWLQQRYDWLRQDQGSURFHVVLQQRYDWLRQGLGQRW
FRQGXFW LQWUDPXUDO RU H[WUDPXUDO 5 ' ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKHUH LV
VH[LVWLQJVWRFN
QR VLJQLILFDQW GLIIHUHQFH LQ WKH SHUIRUPDQFH EHWZHHQ ILUPV
FRQGXFWLQJ 5 ' DQG ILUPV ZLWKRXW 5 ' >@ 7KHUHIRUH
QRQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQKDVGUDZQLQFUHDVLQJO\DWWHQWLRQ
6LQFH &KLQD¶V UHIRUP DQG RSHQLQJXS
GHILQHQRQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQDVDYDULHW\RIRWKHUW\SHV
RI LQQRYDWLRQ H[FOXGLQJ 5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV
>@ 7KH NH\ SRLQW LV WKDW LQQRYDWLRQ FRPHV PDLQO\ IURP
VRXUFHVRXWVLGHWKHHQWHUSULVHRUWKHFRPSDQ\
RINQRZOHGJHLQVWHDGRILQWHUQDOV\VWHPDWLF5 'DFWLYLWLHV
1RQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQRULHQWHGHQWHUSULVHVZLWKORZRU
QHDUO\ QR LQYHVWPHQW LQ 5 ' FDQ DOVR DFKLHYH VDWLVIDFWRU\
LQQRYDWLRQ SHUIRUPDQFH WKURXJK QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ
VPDOODQGPHGLXPVL]HG HQWHUSULVHV 60(V KDYH
LQFUHDVLQJO\ EHFRPH DQ LPSRUWDQW LPSHWXV IRU LQQRYDWLRQ LQ
&KLQD 60(V KDYH EHFRPH WKH IRXQGDWLRQ IRU SURPRWLQJ
WHFKQLFDOLQQRYDWLRQDQGSOD\DVLJQLILFDQWUROHLQVRFLDODQG
HFRQRPLF GHYHORSPHQW LQ &KLQD >@ +RZHYHU PRVW
V VFKRODUV KDYH DOUHDG\ H[SORUHG WKH
LQQRYDWLYH 60(V KDYH OLWWOH 5 ' LQYHVWPHQW RU HYHQ QR
IRUPDO 5 ' DFWLYLWLHV EHFDXVH RI OLPLWHG UHVRXUFH )RU
H[DPSOH DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH 1DWLRQDO ,QGXVWULDO (QWHUSULVH
,QQRYDWLRQ  VXUYH\  RI VPDOO HQWHUSULVHV GR QRW
1065
DFWLYLWLHV >@ $QG 5 ' UHIHUV WR D V\VWHPDWLF FUHDWLYH
ZRUNLQFUHDVLQJWKHWRWDODPRXQWRINQRZOHGJHLQFOXGLQJWKH
KXPDQ FXOWXUDO DQG VRFLDO NQRZOHGJH DV ZHOO DV FUHDWLQJ
QHZDSSOLFDWLRQVZLWKWKHXVHRIVXFKNQRZOHGJH>@
,Q WKH HDUO\ QLQHW\
UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ WKH QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ
DFWLYLWLHV DQG SHUIRUPDQFH DQG WKH PDLQ ILQGLQJV DUH DV
IROORZV
 2016 Proceedings of PICMET '16: Technology Management for Social Innovation

7$%/(6(/(&7('5(6($5&+211215 '%$6(',1129$7,9($&7,9,7,(6$1'3(5)250$1&(
$XWKRUV 6RXUFHRIGDWD  1RQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLYHDFWLYLWLHV 3HUIRUPDQFH
+DQVHQ 6HULQ>@ 'DQLVKSDFNDJLQJLQGXVWU\ /HDUQLQJE\GRLQJGHVLJQDQGSURFHVV 
RSWLPL]DWLRQ
%URXZHUHWDO>@ &RPPXQLW\,QQRYDWLRQ6XUYH\ 3DWHQWVDQGOLFHQVHVGHVLJQWULDO 3URGXFWLQQRYDWLRQ
ILUPV SURGXFWLRQWRROLQJXSPDQSRZHUWUDLQLQJ VHUYLFHLQQRYDWLRQ
IURPDOOVHFWRUVRIWKH PDUNHWUHVHDUFKLQYHVWPHQWLQIL[HGDVVHWV
PDQXIDFWXULQJDQGVHUYLFH
LQGXVWULHVRIWKH1HWKHUODQGV 
6WHUODFFKLQL>@ ,WDOLDQ  PDQXIDFWXULQJ60(V 'HVLJQHQJLQHHULQJSUHSURGXFWLRQ $VLJQLILFDQWDQG
GHYHORSPHQWV SRVLWLYHLPSDFWRQWKH
VKDUHRIH[SRUWVRQ
VDOHV
6DQWDPDUtDHWDO>@ 6SDQLVKPDQXIDFWXULQJILUPV 'HVLJQDGRSWLQJDGYDQFHGHTXLSPHQW 3URGXFWLQQRYDWLRQ
WUDLQLQJFRQVXOWDQWVKLULQJWDOHQW SURFHVVLQQRYDWLRQ
FRRSHUDWLRQDJUHHPHQWVH[WHUQDO5 '
HWF
+XDQJHWDO>@ &RPPXQLW\,QQRYDWLRQ6XUYH\ ,QFUHPHQWDOLPSURYHPHQWRIDSURGXFWRU 3URGXFWLQQRYDWLRQ
ILUPVGLVWULEXWHGLQ SURFHVVLPLWDWLRQDQGUHYHUVHHQJLQHHULQJ SURFHVVLQQRYDWLRQ
(XURSHDQ8QLRQFRXQWULHV XVHULQQRYDWLRQLQQRYDWLYHDSSOLFDWLRQRI
WKHH[LVWLQJNQRZOHGJHDGRSWLQJH[WHUQDO
WHFKQRORJ\DQGNQRZOHGJH
%DUJH*LOHWDO>@ 6SDQLVK%XVLQHVV 7HFKQRORJ\IRUHFDVWLQJGHVLJQDGYDQFHG 3URGXFWLQQRYDWLRQ
6WUDWHJLHV6XUYH\ PDQXIDFWXULQJWHFKQRORJ\WUDLQLQJ SURFHVVLQQRYDWLRQ
ILUPV
+HUYDV2OLYHUHWDO 6SDQLVK%XVLQHVV6WUDWHJLHV6XUYH\ 9DOXHDGGLQJQRQ5 'DFWLYLWLHVGHVLJQ 3URGXFWLQQRYDWLRQ
>@ ILUPVLQ PDUNHWLQJHIIRUWRWKHUQRQ5 ' SURFHVVLQQRYDWLRQ
ORZPHGLXPWHFKLQGXVWULHV  DFWLYLWLHVWKHH[LVWHQFHRIDIRUPDOSODQIRU
LQQRYDWLRQ3$,WKHH[LVWHQFHRID
WHFKQRORJ\PRQLWRUFRPPLWWHH'&7

$OWKRXJK VFKRODUV KDYH EHJXQ WR IRFXV RQ LQQRYDWLRQ
DFWLYLWLHV WKDW DUH QRW EDVHG RQ 5 ' WKHUH DUH VWLOO VRPH
OLPLWDWLRQV LQ FXUUHQW VWXGLHV )LUVW WKHUH LV D ODFN RI
V\VWHPDWLF VWXGLHV RQ QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ 6HFRQG
WKHH[LVWLQJUHVHDUFKRQ60(VLQWKHFRQWH[WRI&KLQDLVVWLOO
UDUH6RIDU6\VWHPDWLF UHVHDUFKRQ WKH LQQRYDWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV
LV GRQH E\ $UXQGHO HW DO > @ EXW WKHLU UHVHDUFKHV
QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV DUH DOO IRFXVLQJ RQ
WHFKQLFDO DVSHFWV ODFNLQJ LQ FRQFHUQ IRU QRQWHFKQLFDO
DVSHFWV 
$OWKRXJK WKHUH LV QR FOHDU FODVVLILFDWLRQ RQ
QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV ERWK WKH IRXUWK
(XURSHDQ &RPPXQLW\ ,QQRYDWLRQ 6XUYH\ DQG WKH WKLUG
HGLWLRQ RI WKH 2VOR 0DQXDO 2(&' SXEOLVKHG LQ  ILQG
PDUNHWLQJ LQQRYDWLRQ DQG RUJDQL]DWLRQDO LQQRYDWLRQ YLWDO
W\SHVRILQQRYDWLRQLQVLGHILUPDSSDUHQWO\WKHVHWZRDUHQRW
EDVHGRQ5 'LQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHV>@7KXVLQWKHFRQWH[W
RI UHODWLYHO\ LPPDWXUH WKHRUHWLFDO IUDPHZRUN RI
QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ WKLV SDSHU UHYHDOV
QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ LQ &KLQHVH 60(V PRGHV DQG
WKHLU UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK LQQRYDWLRQ SHUIRUPDQFH E\ DQ
H[SORUDWRU\FDVHVWXG\
,Q RUGHU WR UHYHDO WKH LPSDFW RI QRQ5 'EDVHG
LQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHVRQWKHLQQRYDWLRQRI60(VLQ&KLQDZH
FODVVLILHG WKH H[LVWLQJ DFWLYLWLHV LQWR WZR W\SHV QDPHO\
WHFKQLFDO QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV DQG
QRQWHFKQLFDOQRQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHV
 DOVR WKH LQQRYDWLRQ FDSDELOLW\ &RPSDULQJ ZLWK 5 '
,,,35(/,0,1$5<7+(25(7,&$/)5$0(:25.
 LQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHV>@DQGHQKDQFHLWVDELOLW\WRLQQRYDWH
%DVHG RQ OLWHUDWXUH UHYLHZ ZH SURSRVH WKDW LW LV PRUH
1066
VFLHQWLILF DQG UHDVRQDEOH WR GR UHVHDUFK RQ QRQ5 'EDVHG
LQQRYDWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV FRQFHUQLQJ ERWK WHFKQLFDO DQG
QRQWHFKQLFDO DVSHFWV LQWHJUDWLQJ WKHP LQWR WKH VDPH
IUDPHZRUN

A. Technical non-R&D-based innovation activities
$FFRUGLQJ WR SUHOLPLQDU\ FODVVLILFDWLRQ RQ WHFKQLFDO
QRQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHVSURSRVHGE\$UXQGHOHW
DO>@FRPELQLQJZLWKFDVHVWXGLHVRILQLWLDO&KLQHVHFRQWH[W
DQG HPSLULFDO UHVHDUFKHV WKLV SDSHU LQLWLDOO\ FODVVLILHV
WHFKQRORJ\ DGRSWLRQ LPLWDWLRQ LQQRYDWLRQ PLQRU
PRGLILFDWLRQV RU LQFUHPHQWDO FKDQJHV FRPELQLQJ H[LVWLQJ
NQRZOHGJH LQ QHZ ZD\V DV WHFKQLFDO QRQ5 'EDVHG
LQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHV
7HFKQRORJ\ DGRSWLRQ PHDQV WKDW ILUPV FDQ DFTXLUH
LQQRYDWLYH SURGXFWV DQG SURFHVVHV IURP VRXUFHV H[WHUQDO WR
WKH ILUP LQFOXGLQJ WKH DFTXLVLWLRQ RI QHZ PDFKLQHU\ DQG
HTXLSPHQW DV ZHOO DV DFTXLULQJ QHZ SURFHVVHV WHFKQRORJ\
DQG WDFLW NQRZOHGJH IURP RWKHU ILUPV >@ 6WXGLHV KDYH
VKRZQ WKDW LQ VRPH UHVHDUFK VLWXDWLRQV WKHUH H[LVWV D
FRPSOHPHQWDU\ UHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ LQWHUQDO 5 ' DQG
WHFKQRORJ\ SXUFKDVH >@ ZKLOH LQ RWKHU VWXGLHV RI
GLIIHUHQW VLWXDWLRQV WKHUH LV D VXEVWLWXWH UHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ
LQWHUQDO5 'DQGWHFKQRORJ\SXUFKDVH>@7KHUHIRUHZH
GHILQH WHFKQRORJ\ SXUFKDVH DV DQ LQQRYDWLYH DFWLYLW\ WKDW LV
QRWEDVHGRQ5 'DQGFRPELQDWLRQRIWHFKQRORJ\SXUFKDVH
DQGLQWHUQDO5 'FDQDFWXDOO\LPSURYHWKHILUPV¶RXWSXW>@
DFWLYLWLHVWKHWHFKQRORJ\SXUFKDVHFDQDOVRSURPRWHLQWHUQDO
 2016 Proceedings of PICMET '16: Technology Management for Social Innovation
,PLWDWLRQ DQG UHYHUVH HQJLQHHULQJ PHDQV WKDW ILUPV
DEVRUE DQG PDVWHU WKH FRUH WHFKQRORJ\ VHFUHW RI WKH ILUVW
LQQRYDWLRQ E\ WKH PHDQV RI SXUFKDVH UHYHUVH GHFRGLQJ RU
V EXVLQHVV DFWLYLWLHV WKH ZRUNSODFH H[WHUQDO
DWWUDFWLQJ LQYHVWPHQW %DVLQJ RQ WKLV ILUPV PDNH VRPH
PRGLILFDWLRQDQGLPSURYHPHQWRQWKHILUVWLQQRYDWLRQIXUWKHU
GHYHORS DQG SURGXFH FRPSHWLWLYH SURGXFWV 0DQ\ LPLWDWLYH
LQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHVLQFOXGLQJVRPHUHYHUVHHQJLQHHULQJDUH
QRW EDVHG RQ 5 ' >@ 7KLV VWXG\ IRFXVHV RQ LPLWDWLRQ
LQFOXGLQJ UHYHUVH HQJLQHHULQJ ZKLFK PDLQO\ UHIHUV WR WKH
HQWHUSULVH LQQRYDWH PRUH DGYDQFHG SURGXFWV DIWHU DEVRUELQJ
WKHFRUHWHFKQRORJ\E\DQDO\]LQJH[LVWLQJOHDGLQJLQQRYDWLYH
SURGXFWV DV ZHOO DV GHFLSKHULQJ FRUH WHFKQRORJ\ DQG
SURGXFWLRQ SURFHVVHV>@ 6XFK UHYHUVH HQJLQHHULQJ DFWLYLW\
IUHTXHQWO\RFFXUUHGLQWKH60(VDQGLVRQHRIWKHLPSRUWDQW
LQQRYDWLYHDFWLYLWLHV
0LQRU PRGLILFDWLRQV RU LQFUHPHQWDO FKDQJH UHIHUV WR
WKH LQFUHPHQWDO LQQRYDWLRQ EDVHG RQ WKH DFFXPXODWHG
NQRZOHGJH ,QFUHPHQWDO LQQRYDWLRQ LV PRUH GHSHQGHQW RQ
LQFUHPHQWDOLPSURYHPHQWRUPLQRUPRGLILFDWLRQVRQSURGXFW
DQG WKH SURFHVV >@ ,Q WKH V DQG V LQFUHPHQWDO
LQQRYDWLRQ KDV DOUHDG\ LQWHUHVWHG VRPH VFKRODUV DQG LV
FRQVLGHUHG DV LPSRUWDQW LQQRYDWLYH DFWLYLW\ RWKHU WKDQ 5 '
DFWLYLWLHV > @ &RPSDULQJ ZLWK 5 ' EDVHG UDGLFDO
LQQRYDWLRQ ZLWK KLJK LQYHVWPHQW DQG KLJK ULVN LQFUHPHQWDO
LQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLW\LVUHODWLYHO\ORZLQFRVWVDQGULVNVZKLFK
ZDV WHQG WR EH FRQGXFWHG E\ ORZFRVW VWUDWHJ\RULHQWHG
HQWHUSULVHVIUHTXHQWO\>@
,QQRYDWLYHLPSOLFDWLRQRIH[LVWLQJNQRZOHGJHE\ZKLFK
ILUPV LPSOLFDWH H[LVWLQJ NQRZOHGJH LQ QHZ ZD\V LQFOXGHV
VRPHW\SHVRILQGXVWULDOGHVLJQDQGHQJLQHHULQJSURMHFWV>@
%DVHG RQ WKH GHILQLWLRQ WKLV FRQFHSW LV TXLWH VLPLODU WR WKH
FRQFHSW RI LQWHJUDWHG LQQRYDWLRQ WKRXJK VWLOO LV GLIIHUHQW
V
IURP LW ,QWHJUDWHG LQQRYDWLRQ VWUHVVHV FUHDWLYH WKLQNLQJ
GXULQJWKHSURFHVVRIFRPELQLQJYDULRXVHOHPHQWVDQGKDVD
 LQQRYDWLRQ DELOLW\ =DKUD  *HRUJH >@ GHILQHG
EURDGHU UDQJH LQFOXGLQJ VWUDWHJLF LQWHJUDWLRQ RUJDQL]DWLRQDO
LQWHJUDWLRQ DQG NQRZOHGJH LQWHJUDWLRQ HWF >@ :KLOH
IRUPHU LQQRYDWLRQ PHWKRGRQO\ LQQRYDWHV E\ LPSOLFDWLQJ WKH
H[LVWLQJNQRZOHGJHLQQHZZD\V
 UHFRQVWUXFWHG 7KH DEVRUSWLRQ FDSDFLW\ LV GLYLGHG LQWR WKH
B. Non-technical non-R&D-based innovation activities
$FFRUGLQJ WR (XURSHDQ &RPPXQLW\ ,QQRYDWLRQ 6XUYH\
FRQGXFWHGE\2(&'PDUNHWLQJLQQRYDWLRQDQGRUJDQL]DWLRQ
LQQRYDWLRQ LV GHILQHG DV QRQWHFKQLFDO QRQ5 'EDVHG
LQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHV
0DUNHWLQJ LQQRYDWLRQ LV GHILQHG DV WKH DFKLHYHPHQW RI
QHZ PDUNHWLQJ PHWKRGV ZKLFK LQFOXGHV VLJQLILFDQW FKDQJHV
LQ SURGXFW GHVLJQ SURGXFW SDFNDJLQJ GLVWULEXWLRQ SURGXFWV
SURPRWLRQ DQG SULFLQJ LQ RUGHU WR EHWWHU VROYH WKH QHHGV RI
XVHUVRSHQXSDQHZPDUNHWDQGUHSRVLWLRQWKHLUSURGXFWVWR
H[SDQG WKH VDOHV VFDOH >@ 6WXGLHV KDYH VKRZQ WKDW WKH
UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ QRQWHFKQRORJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQ DQG
,Q 2(&' RUJDQL]DWLRQ LQQRYDWLRQ LV GHILQHG DV WKH
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI D QHZ RUJDQL]DWLRQDO PHWKRG LQ WKH
HQWHUSULVH
UHODWLRQVE\PHDQVRIUHGXFLQJPDQDJHPHQWIHHVVXSSO\DQG
WUDQVDFWLRQ FRVWV LPSURYLQJ MRE VDWLVIDFWLRQ DFFHVVLQJ WR
WDFLW NQRZOHGJH WR LPSURYH WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI HQWHUSULVHV
2UJDQL]DWLRQLQQRYDWLRQLVYHU\FRPPRQLQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHV
LQ HQWHUSULVHV DQG LW SOD\V D SURPRWLQJ UROH LQ ILUP¶V
LQQRYDWLRQ SHUIRUPDQFH %DNDQ  <LOGL] >@ GLYLGHG
LQQRYDWLRQ LQWR IRXU W\SHV LQFOXGLQJ SURGXFWV SURFHVVHV
PDUNHWLQJDQGRUJDQL]DWLRQLQQRYDWLRQDQGIRXQGWKDW
RI WKH VDPSOH UHSRUWHG WKDW WKH\ FRQGXFWHG RUJDQL]DWLRQ
LQQRYDWLRQ LQ WKH SDVW ILYH \HDUV %DVHG RQ WKH IRXUWK &,6
VXUYH\ 0DUWLQ >@ ILQGV WKDW SURFHVV LQQRYDWLRQ
RUJDQL]DWLRQ DQG PDUNHWLQJ LQQRYDWLRQ DUH PRUH LPSRUWDQW
WKDQ5 'EDVHGSURGXFWLQQRYDWLRQRQ/07LQGXVWULHV7KXV
RUJDQL]DWLRQ LQQRYDWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV KDYH D FHUWDLQ UROH LQ
SURPRWLQJ LQQRYDWLRQ IRU HQWHUSULVHV HVSHFLDOO\ IRU 60(V
ZLWKRXW SHUIRUPLQJ 5 ' 7R VRPH H[WHQW RUJDQL]DWLRQ
LQQRYDWLRQPDNHVXSIRUWKHZHDN5 'FDSDELOLW\RI60(V

C. Absorptive capacity
)RU60(VZLWKOLPLWHGUHVRXUFHVWKHH[WHUQDONQRZOHGJH
DQG UHVRXUFHV PD\ EH TXLWH LPSRUWDQW IRU ILUP JURZWK
+RZHYHU RQO\ DFFHVVLQJ WR UHVRXUFHV GRHV QRW QHFHVVDULO\
EULQJEHQHILWVILUPVQHHGWRKDYHWKHDELOLW\WRREWDLQDEVRUE
DQG WUDQVIRUP RI H[WHUQDO NQRZOHGJH QDPHO\ WKH DEVRUSWLYH
FDSDFLW\ &RKHQ  /HYLQWKDO >@ VXJJHVWHG WKDW WKH
DEVRUSWLYHFDSDELOLW\RIDILUPLVWKHDELOLW\WRUHFRJQL]HWKH
YDOXHRIQHZH[WHUQDOLQIRUPDWLRQDVVLPLODWHLWDQGDSSO\LW
WR FRPPHUFLDO HQGV LV FULWLFDO WR LWV LQQRYDWLYH FDSDELOLWLHV
7KH DEVRUSWLYH FDSDELOLW\ LV ODUJHO\ D IXQFWLRQ RI WKH ILUP
OHYHO RI SULRU UHODWHG NQRZOHGJH ZKLFK LV FUXFLDO IRU
HQWHUSULVHV
DEVRUSWLYH FDSDELOLW\ DV D VHW RI RUJDQL]DWLRQDO URXWLQHV DQG
SURFHVV E\ ZKLFK ILUPV DFTXLUH DVVLPLODWH WUDQVIRUP DQG
H[SORLW NQRZOHGJH WR SURGXFH D G\QDPLF RUJDQL]DWLRQDO
FDSDELOLW\ $QG WKH FRQFHSW RI DEVRUSWLYH FDSDFLW\ ZDV
SRWHQWLDODEVRUSWLYHFDSDFLW\DQGUHDOL]HGDEVRUSWLYHFDSDFLW\
$QG WKH IRUPHU LQFOXGHV WKH NQRZOHGJH DFTXLVLWLRQ FDSDFLW\
DQG NQRZOHGJH DVVLPLODWLRQ FDSDFLW\ WKH ODWWHU RQH LQFOXGHV
NQRZOHGJH WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ FDSDFLW\ DQG NQRZOHGJH
H[SORLWDWLRQFDSDFLW\%DVHGRQDERYHGHWDLOHGGLPHQVLRQV
-DQVHQ HW DO>@GHYHORSHG WKHVFDOH DQGSXEOLVKHG LW LQ WKH
$FDGHP\ RI 0DQDJHPHQW -RXUQDO 0RVW &KLQHVH VFKRODUV
KDYH DGRSWHG WKLV VFDOH DQG WKHQ GR VRPH PRGLILFDWLRQ
DFFRUGLQJ WR WKHLU RZQ UHVHDUFK SXUSRVHV .QRZOHGJH
DFTXLVLWLRQ FDSDFLW\ LQFOXGHV VFDOHV OLNH IUHTXHQW LQWHUDFWLRQ
ZLWK FRUSRUDWH KHDGTXDUWHUV WR DFTXLUH QHZ NQRZOHGJH
FROOHFWLRQ RI LQGXVWU\ LQIRUPDWLRQ WKURXJK LQIRUPDO PHDQV
WHFKQRORJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQ LV FORVHO\ UHODWHG SURGXFW
LQQRYDWLRQ LV RIWHQ DFFRPSDQLHG E\ PDUNHWLQJ LQQRYDWLRQ
>@$UXQGHOHWDO>@IRXQGWKDWWKHPDUNHWVHFWRULVRQHRI
WKH PRVW FRPPRQO\ XVHG FUHDWLYH VRXUFHV IRU ILUPV ZLWK
5 'LQQRYDWLRQDQGILUPVFRQGXFWLQJQRQ5 'LQQRYDWLRQ
1067
HJ OXQFK ZLWK LQGXVWU\ IULHQGV WDONV ZLWK WUDGH SDUWQHUV
DQG RUJDQL]LQJ VSHFLDO PHHWLQJV ZLWK FXVWRPHUV RU WKLUG
SDUWLHV WR DFTXLUH QHZ NQRZOHGJH .QRZOHGJH DVVLPLODWLRQ
FDSDFLW\LQFOXGHVVFDOHVOLNHTXLFNUHFRJQLWLRQRIVKLIWVLQRXU
PDUNHWHJFRPSHWLWLRQUHJXODWLRQGHPRJUDSK\DQGTXLFN
 2016 Proceedings of PICMET '16: Technology Management for Social Innovation

XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI QHZ RSSRUWXQLWLHV WR VHUYH RXU FOLHQWV
.QRZOHGJHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQFDSDFLW\LQFOXGHVVFDOHVOLNHTXLFN
XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH QHZ NQRZOHGJH DSSOLFDWLRQ WR SUHVHQW
NQRZOHGJH LQWHJUDWLRQ RI QHZO\ DFTXLUHG NQRZOHGJH DQG
H[LVWLQJ NQRZOHGJH DQG VHL]LQJ H[WHUQDO RSSRUWXQLWLHV
EURXJKWE\QHZNQRZOHGJH.QRZOHGJHH[SORLWDWLRQFDSDFLW\
LQFOXGHVWKDWZHFDQTXLFNO\ILQGWKHQHZNQRZOHGJHWKDWKDV
LQLWLDOO\ SURSRVHG D WKHRUHWLFDO IUDPHZRUN IRU
QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ LQ WKH YHULILFDWLRQ EDVLQJ RQ
UHOHYDQWWKHRUHWLFDODVVXPSWLRQV

B. Case selection
7KLV VWXG\ VHOHFWV +DQJ =KRX )DVKLRQ LQ &KLQD KDQG
ZHDYLQJ'HYHORSPHQW&R/WGKHUHLQDIWHUUHIHUUHGWRDVWKH
EHHQ LQWHUQDOL]HG DQG FRQYHUWHG E\ WKH HQWHUSULVH ZKHQ LW LV
QHHGHG DQG HQWHUSULVHV FDQ XVH QHZ NQRZOHGJH IRU
WHFKQRORJLFDOLQQRYDWLRQDQGLPSURYHHQWHUSULVHPDQDJHPHQW
HWF>@
)RUPHU VWXGLHV KDYH LQGLFDWHG WKDW WKH IRUPDWLRQ RI
DEVRUSWLYH FDSDFLW\ LV FORVHO\ UHODWHG WR 5 ' LQYHVWPHQW $
FRPSDQ\
V DELOLW\ WR XVH H[WHUQDO NQRZOHGJH LV RIWHQ D
E\SURGXFWRI LWV 5 ' >@ &KHQ -LQ HW DO>@ ILQG WKDW WKH
LQWHQVLW\ RI 5 ' DFWLYLW\ SOD\V DQ LPSRUWDQW UROH LQ
HQKDQFLQJ WKH SRWHQWLDO DEVRUSWLYH FDSDFLW\ DQG WKH DFWXDO
DEVRUSWLYHFDSDFLW\RIWKHHQWHUSULVHV+RZHYHUOHVVDWWHQWLRQ
LV SDLG WR WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ DEVRUSWLYH FDSDFLW\ DQG
QRQ5 'DFWLYLWLHV([LVWLQJHYLGHQFHUHYHDOVWKDWDEVRUSWLYH
FDSDFLW\ KDV WKH SRWHQWLDO WR SURPRWH WKH DFTXLVLWLRQ DQG
WUDQVIHURIPDUNHWLQJNQRZOHGJHSURGXFWLRQNQRZKRZDQG
VR RQ >@ ,Q VXPPDU\ EDVHG RQ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI 60(V
WKLV SDSHU IRFXVHV RQ KRZ HQWHUSULVH DEVRUSWLYH FDSDFLW\
LQIOXHQFHVQRQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHVHIIHFW 
 SXUH KDQGPDGH FORWK DV UDZ PDWHULDO DQG KDV D IXOO VHW RI
,90(7+2'2/2*<
 ZHDYLQJ WHFKQLTXHV DQG PRGHUQ IDVKLRQ 7KH FRPSDQ\
V
A. Case study
V FORWKLQJ DQG EDE\ ZHDU SURGXFW
,Q WKLV SDSHU ZH FKRRVH WR FRQGXFW D VLQJOH FDVH VWXG\
V FORWKLQJ
PDLQO\ IRU WKH IROORZLQJ FRQVLGHUDWLRQV )LUVW FDVH VWXG\ LV
)&DVDFDVHZKLFKLVDVPDOO60(LQWKHWH[WLOHLQGXVWU\
$QG ZH FKRRVH )& IRU VHYHUDO FRQVLGHUDWLRQV )LUVWO\
=KHMLDQJ 3URYLQFH LV UHODWLYHO\ GHYHORSHG LQ WHUPV RI
HFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQWDQG60(VSOD\DQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQ
SURPRWLQJ WKH HFRQRPLF GHYHORSPHQW 7KHUHIRUH 60(V LQ
=KHMLDQJ 3URYLQFHKDV D VWURQJ UHSUHVHQWDWLYH6HFRQGO\ WKH
OLWHUDWXUHVKRZVWKDWWKHQRQ5 'LQQRYDWLRQLVPRUHZLGHO\
H[LVWVLQWKHORZDQGPHGLXPWHFKQRORJ\LQGXVWULHVDQGWKH
WH[WLOH LQGXVWU\ ZKLFK )& EHORQJV WR LV D W\SLFDO WUDGLWLRQDO
ORZWHFKQRORJ\LQGXVWU\)LQDOO\)&LVRQHRIWKHEHVW60(V
LQWKHWH[WLOHLQGXVWU\DQGZHIRXQGWKDWLWPHHWVWKHSXUSRVH
RI WKLV SDSHU IRU LQQRYDWLYH DFWLYLWLHV EDVLQJ RQ WKH
SUHOLPLQDU\GDWDFROOHFWLRQDQGILHOGUHVHDUFK
+DQJ]KRX )DVKLRQ LQ &KLQD KDQG ZHDYLQJ 'HYHORSPHQW
&R /WG VHW XS LQ -DQXDU\  UHJLVWHUHG WKH EUDQG
)DVKLRQ LQ &KLQD DQG &KLQHVH FORWKQHW DIWHUUHFHQW \HDUV
RI H[HUWLRQ DQG LQQRYDWLRQ LW KDV GHYHORSHG LQWR D
SURIHVVLRQDODQGH[SHULHQFHGFORWKLQJFRPSDQ\PDLQO\XVHV
GHVLJQ SURGXFWLRQ DQG VDOHV FRPELQLQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDOKDQG
PDLQ SURGXFW LV FKLOGUHQ
OLQH FRYHULQJ FORWKLQJ PDLQO\ IRU FKLOGUHQ
ZRPHQ
V FORWKLQJ PDWHUQLW\ ZHDU EHGGLQJ KRPH
SDUWLFXODUO\HIIHFWLYHLQDQVZHULQJWKHTXHVWLRQRIKRZDQG DFFHVVRULHVFUDIWVHWF7KHPDUNHWVKDUHRILWVPDLQSURGXFW
ZK\LQWKHXQH[SORUHGUHVHDUFKILHOG>@6LQJOHFDVHVWXG\ LV YHU\ KLJK LQ WKH PDUNHW RI VLPLODU SURGXFWV DQG WKH
LV V\VWHPDWLF DQG FRPSUHKHQVLYH ZKLFK KHOSV WR FRQFUHWH FRQVXPHUUHFRJQLWLRQLVUHODWLYHO\KLJK6LQFHWKHEHJLQQLQJ
HQWHUSULVH SUDFWLFHV DQG DEVWUDFW WKHRU\ 6HFRQG VLQJOH FDVH WKH )& KDV DOZD\V DWWDFKHG LPSRUWDQFH WR LQQRYDWLRQ DQG
VWXG\ FDQ SURYLGH DQ LQLWLDO YHULILFDWLRQ IRU WKH SURSRVHG PRVW RI WKH QHZ SURGXFW GHVLJQ LV FRPSOHWHG LQGHSHQGHQWO\
WKHRUHWLFDO IUDPHZRUN IXUWKHU PDNHV VXEVHTXHQW 7KHLQQRYDWLRQLQYHVWPHQWKDVDFFRXQWHGIRURIWKHWRWDO
DPHQGPHQWV WR WKH UHVHDUFK PRGHO &DVH VWXGLHV FDQ EH FRVW RI a  LQ WKH SDVW WZR \HDUV DOOH\ ILQG WKUHH FDQ EH
FRQVWUXFWHGWRH[SORUHWKHZKDWDQGZK\DQGKRZ> UHJDUGHG LV IRUHUXQQHU LQ LQIDQW KDQG ZHDYLQJ FORWKLQJ
@ ,Q WKLV SDSHU ZH GR VSHFLILF DQG GHHS DQDO\VLV RQ LQGXVWU\ .H\ HYHQWV LQ WKH GHYHORSPHQW SURFHVV RI )& DV
QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ RI )DVKLRQ LQ &KLQD FDVH VKRZQLQWDEOH 

7$%/(.(<(9(1762))$6+,21,1&+,1$+$1':($9,1*'(9(/230(17&2/7'
7LPH .H\(YHQWV
  7KHLQLWLDOKDQGZHDYLQJFORWKLQJFRPSDQ\ZDVIRXQGHG
 3DUWLFLSDWLQJLQWKHIRUPXODWLRQRIWKHILUVWVWDQGDUGLQ&KLQHVHKDQGZHDYLQJLQGXVWU\DQGJRWWKHHQWHUSULVHVWDQGDUGFHUWLILFDWLRQLVVXHGE\
4XDOLW\6XSHUYLVLRQ%XUHDXLQ=KHMLDQJ3URYLQFH
 :RQWKH2XWVWDQGLQJ,QQRYDWLRQ$ZDUGLQ&KLQD,QWHUQDWLRQDOPDWHUQLW\ FKLOGUHQ,QGXVWU\([SRVLWLRQ
 :RQWKH6LOYHU$ZDUGLQ+DQJ]KRXH[FHOOHQWDJULFXOWXUDOSURGXFWV6SULQJ([KLELWLRQ
 7KHIRXQGHUVZRQWKH&KLQDOLVWWKHPRVWSLRQHHULQJQHZFXOWXUDOPLVVLRQRISLRQHHULQJQHZDZDUG
 7KHKDQGZHDYLQJWHFKQLTXHZDVLQFOXGHGLQWKH=KHMLDQJ3URYLQFHQRQPDWHULDOFXOWXUDOKHULWDJHOLVW
 =KHQJ)HQODQWKHLQLWLDOIRXQGHUZDVDZDUGHGDVWKHIRXUWKEDWFKRIUHSUHVHQWDWLYHLQKHULWRURIQRQPDWHULDOFXOWXUHLQ+DQJ=KRX
 7KH)&ZDVVHOHFWHGDVWKHILUVWEDWFKRIH[KLELWLRQEDVHIRUQRQPDWHULDOFXOWXUH$QGWKH)&UHJLVWHUHGDV=KHMLDQJ)DVKLRQLQ&KLQD
FXOWXUDODQG&UHDWLYH'HYHORSPHQW&R/WG
7KH)&JHWDSDWHQWRISRUWDEOHULEERQPDFKLQH
7KH)&KRPHVSXQ([SHULHQFH&HQWHU&ORWK'\HLQJ%DVH&UDIWLQJ3DYLOLRQ+DQGLFUDILQJ7UDLQLQJ,QVWLWXWH:HDYLQJ([SHULHQFH&HQWHULQ
4,8=+,SULPDU\VFKRRORSHQHGWRJHWKHU7KH)&KDVEHFRPHWKHEHQFKPDUNHQWHUSULVHIRUWKHLQKHULWDQFHDQGSURWHFWLRQRILQWDQJLEOH
FXOWXUDOKHULWDJHLQ+DQJ]KRX&LW\
 7KH)&ZRQWKHQH[WFLW\LQWDQJLEOHFXOWXUDOKHULWDJHSURWHFWLRQRXWVWDQGLQJXQLWKRQRUDU\WLWOH 7KH)&GHVLJQHGWKHILUVW URXWHRI
WUDGLWLRQDOKDQGPDGHE\FRUSRUDWLQJZLWKWKH1LQJER&LFKHQJ3DYLOLRQ
6RXUFHKWWSZZZFKLQDWXEXFRP

1068
 2016 Proceedings of PICMET '16: Technology Management for Social Innovation
C. Data collection
,Q WKLV SDSHU GDWD VRXUFHV IURP UHVHDUFK LQWHUYLHZV
LQWHUQDOGRFXPHQWVDQGSXEOLFVRXUFH$QGWKHXVHRIPXOWLSOH
GDWD VRXUFHV LV WR LPSURYH WKH UHOLDELOLW\ DQG YDOLGLW\ RI WKH
VWXG\ > @ )LUVWO\ UHVHDUFK LQWHUYLHZV FDQ LQWXLWLYHO\
XQGHUVWDQG WKH UHDO VLWXDWLRQ RI HQWHUSULVHV DQG LW LV DQ
LPSRUWDQW ZD\ WR JHW WKH FDVH VWXG\ GDWD 6HFRQGO\ GDWD
FROOHFWHG IURP LQWHUQDO GRFXPHQWV SURYLGHV VXSSOHPHQWDO
V WHFKQLFDO VWDIIV MRLQWO\ ZRUNHG ZLWK ZHDYLQJ
LQIRUPDWLRQ QRW FRYHUHG LQ WKH LQWHUYLHZ VXUYH\ )LQDOO\)&
KDV EHHQ KLJKO\ FRQFHUQHG E\ WKH PHGLD JRYHUQPHQW
GHSDUWPHQWV ZKLFK RIIHUV UHODWLYHO\ DEXQGDQW SXEOLF
VHFRQGDU\VRXUFHV
)LUVW EDVHG RQ WKH GDWD IURP LQWHUYLHZV DQG LQWHUQDO
GRFXPHQWV ZH GLVWLQJXLVK WKH NH\ HYHQWV RI WKH ILUP VHH
PRGHUQIDVKLRQWRJHWKHUWRVDWLVI\FRQVXPHUVLVDQREVWDFOH
WKDW)&ZDVIDFLQJZLWK
7HFKQLFDOO\ DOO KDQGZRYHQ FORWKLQJ VKRXOG DW OHDVW JR
WKURXJKSURFHGXUHVLQWRIDEULFDQGFORWKLQJZLWKDSDWWHUQ
HYHQ QHHGHG JR WKURXJK  VWHSV &RPSOH[ ZHDYLQJ
SURFHGXUHV UHVXOWHG LQ VLQJOH KDQGZRYHQ SDWWHUQV DQG
PRQRWRQRXV FRORU W\SHV 7R VROYH WKH DERYH SUREOHPV WKH
FRPSDQ\
DUWLVWV LQ UDZ PDWHULDO EDVH WR H[SORUH SRVVLEOH ZHDYLQJ
PHWKRGE\WULDODQGHUURUDQGDFKLHYHGWKHXOWLPDWHVXFFHVV
RILPSURYLQJH[LVWLQJZHDYLQJPHWKRGV,QDGGLWLRQWKURXJK
JUDGXDO LPSURYHPHQW DFWLYLWLHV )& HQULFKHG WKH VSHFLHV RI
IDEULF SDWWHUQV VXFK DV VTXDUH IOXLG ZDWHU VKDSH DQG RWKHU
FRPSOH[IDEULFSDWWHUQV
7$%/(7KHUHIRUHEDVLQJRQWKHSURSRVHGUHVHDUFKPRGHO
DQG GDWD REWDLQHG IURP WKH FRPSUHKHQVLYH DQDO\VLV WKLV
VWXG\WULHVWRDQVZHUWKHTXHVWLRQRI+RZFDQ&KLQHVH60(V
SURPRWHLQQRYDWLRQSHUIRUPDQFHWKURXJKWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI
QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV DQG KRZ FDQ
DEVRUSWLYH FDSDFLW\ DIIHFW WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ
QRQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHVDQGILUPSHUIRUPDQFH"
 WKH FRPSDQ\ KLUHG H[SHUWV LQ ORRP WR LPSURYH WUDGLWLRQDO
9&$6($1$/<6,6$1'),1',1*6
 FRPSDQ\ODXQFKHGDQHZORRPZLWKVSHHGLQFUHDVH
A. Non-R&D-based innovation activities
 7HFKQRORJ\DGRSWLRQ
6LQFH )& PDLQO\ IRFXVHV RQ WKH GHVLJQ DQG SURGXFWLRQ
WKHQ WKH FRPSDQ\ DGRSWV H[WHUQDO WHFKQRORJ\ WR LQQRYDWH
ZKHQ LW FRPHV WR WHFKQLFDO SUREOHPV GLIILFXOW WR EH VROYHG
7ZRH[DPSOHVDUHJLYHQEHORZ
)LUVWO\)&VROYHGWKHSUREOHPRIWKHILOOHUWKDWFDQQRWEH
PDFKLQHZDVKHG$IWHUZDVKLQJWKHILOOHUZLOOQRWEHZDUPDV
EHIRUHEXWWKHORQJWLPHXQZDVKHGFORWKLQJZLOOGDPDJHWKH
KHDOWKRILQIDQWVDQG\RXQJFKLOGUHQ
6HFRQGO\ WKH )& VROYHG WKH SUREOHP RI URXJK IHHOLQJ RI
KDQG ZHDYLQJ XQHYHQ IRUFH LQ ZHDYLQJ DQG SRRU VWUHVV
UHVLVWDQFHZKHQLQWH[WLOH2QWKHRQHKDQGWKH)&FRQWLQXHG
WR LPSURYH KDQG ZHDYLQJ FORWK 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG WKH )&
DFWLYHO\VRXJKWH[WHUQDOFRRSHUDWLRQDQGFRQGXFWVLQQRYDWLRQ
LQ SURGXFWV WKURXJK WHFKQRORJ\ DGRSWLRQ ,Q  WKH )&
FRRSHUDWHGZLWK:HQVOL6LON6FLHQFH 7HFKQRORJ\&R/WG
LQ +DQJ]KRX WRJHWKHU GHYHORSHG D QHZ NLQG RI IDEULFV±WKH
QHZFORXGFORWKLQWHJUDWLQJKDQGZHDYLQJWHFKQLTXHLQWRVLON
VFORWKLQJ-LQ
WHFKQLTXHWKURXJKFRQWLQXRXVH[SORUDWLRQPRGLILFDWLRQ7KLV
QHZNLQGRIFORWKZHDYHGE\WKHWUDGLWLRQDOPDQXDOZHDYLQJ
V ZHDU E\ LQWHJUDWLQJ WKH KDQG
PHWKRGFRPELQLQJWKHPHULWVRIERWKVLONDQGFRWWRQ
 SRSXODUHOHPHQWV$QGDIWHUWKDWLWVIUDQFKLVHVWRUHVRSHQWR
 ,QFUHPHQWDOLQQRYDWLRQ
5DZPDWHULDOWKDWWKH)&XVHGZDVKDQGZRYHQFORWKLQJ
ZKLFK ZDV TXLWH FRDUVH DQG VKRUWDJH RI IDVKLRQ GXH WR LWV
UHODWLYHO\ VLQJOH FRORU DQG SDWWHUQ DQG WUDGLWLRQDO ZHDYLQJ
V SURGXFWV IHPDOH HPSOR\HHV¶ SDUHQWLQJ
PHWKRG \LHOGV D ORZHU OHYHO RI DPRXQW WKDQ PRGHUQ
WHFKQLTXHVGR+RZWRFRPELQHWUDGLWLRQDOKDQGZHDYLQJDQG
1069
7UDGLWLRQDO KDQGZRYHQ FORWK ZDV SXUHO\ KDQGZRYHQ
$QG WKH SURGXFWLRQ ZDV FRQVWUDLQHG E\ ORRPV DQG ODERU
HVSHFLDOO\ ORRP ,Q WKH EHJLQQLQJ WKH )& DGRSWHG VRXWKHUQ
ORRPV LQ LWV UDZ PDWHULDO EDVH 7KH ORZ SURGXFWLYLW\ DQG
ZHDYHUV¶ IUXVWUDWHG HQWKXVLDVP UHVXOWHG LQ D UDZ PDWHULDOV
VKRUWDJH$OWKRXJK WKH ODERU LQWHQVLW\ RI WKH QRUWKHUQ ORRPV
ZDVORZLWVKHLJKWZDVXQVXLWDEOHIRUVRXWKHUQZRUNHUV7KXV
QRUWKHUQ ORRPV $IWHU WKH LQFUHPHQWDO LPSURYHPHQW WKH
DQG VLJQLILFDQWO\ UHGXFH LQ ODERU LQWHQVLW\ 0HDQZKLOH WR
PDNH EHWWHU SURWHFWLRQ RI KRPHVSXQ WH[WLOH WHFKQLTXH DQG
KHULWDJH WKH )& PRGLILHG WKH RULJLQDO ORRP DQG WKH
LPSURYHG QHZ ORRP LV HDV\ WR FDUU\ DQG RSHUDWH DQG WKH
ZHDYLQJ PDFKLQH KDV EHHQ SDWHQWHG DQG LV FRPSOHWHO\
RZQHGE\WKH)&

 ,QQRYDWLYHLPSOLFDWLRQRIH[LVWLQJNQRZOHGJH
'HVLJQ SKLORVRSK\ RI WKH )& LV IUHVK VLPSOH DQG WR
GHVLJQ JRRG SURGXFWV IRU FRQVXPHUV WR SD\ DWWHQWLRQ WR
GHWDLOV'HVLJQGULYHQLQQRYDWLRQLQWKH)&LVYHU\FRPPRQ
DQG FUHDWLYLW\ RIWHQ GHULYHV IURP GHVLJQHUV FKLHI H[HFXWLYHV
DQG HYHQ RWKHU RUGLQDU\ HPSOR\HUV 2Q WKH RQH KDQG
GHVLJQHUV GHWHUPLQHG WKH GHVLJQ WKHPH EDVHG RQ SDVW
H[SHULHQFHFRPELQLQJZLWKPDUNHWWUHQGVDQGSRSHOHPHQWV
7KHQ FRPSDQ\ QHHGHG WR GHWHUPLQH IDEULF DFFRUGLQJ WR
GLIIHUHQW WKHPHV DQG QHJRWLDWHG ZLWK UDZ PDWHULDO EDVH
8OWLPDWHO\QHZRULPSURYHGSURGXFWVFDPHRXW)RUH[DPSOH
EDVHGRQWKHRULJLQDOSDVWRUDOVHULHVRIFKLOGUHQ
=KRX]KRX WKH FKLHI GHVLJQHU ODXQFKHG D PRUH IDVKLRQDEOH
FDPSXV VHULHV RI FKLOGUHQ
ZHDYLQJ FORWK ZLWK PRGHUQ IDEULF FRORUV SDWWHUQV DQG RWKHU
FLWLHV OLNH %HLMLQJ 6KDQJKDL 1DQMLQJ 1DQFKDQJ DQG +RQJ
.RQJ
2QWKHRWKHUKDQGVLQFHWKH)&PDLQO\IRFXVHVRQLQIDQW
DQG FKLOGUHQ
H[SHULHQFH LV DQ LPSRUWDQW VRXUFH RI FUHDWLYH GHVLJQ )RU
LQVWDQFHWKHXULQHEDFNIORZSUHYHQWLRQLQLQIDQWSDQWVGHVLJQ
DQGPRUHFRQYHQLHQWDQGFRPIRUWDEOHEXWWRQVPDGHRIHGLEOH
 2016 Proceedings of PICMET '16: Technology Management for Social Innovation

FRFRQXW VKHOO ERWK LQ RUGHU WR NHHS VW\OLVK DQG HQKDQFH DOVRLQILOWUDWHWKHVLONFXOWXUHVRWKDWLWZLOOEULQJDERXWQHZ
SURWHFWLRQ $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH IHPDOH HPSOR\HHV¶ SDUHQWLQJ RSSRUWXQLWLHVIRU WKH GHYHORSPHQW RIKRPHVSXQ,Q DGGLWLRQ
H[SHULHQFHFKLOGUHQ
VFORWKLQJFURWFKLVPRUHWKDQWKHQRUPDO WKH )& XVHG GLYHUVH PHWKRGV WR UHGXFH FRVWV DQG LPSURYH
OHQJWKRIFPIRUHDV\FKDQJHRIGLDSHUV$IWHUDSSHDUDQFH SURGXFWTXDOLW\)RUH[DPSOHWKH)&VRXJKWFRRSHUDWLRQZLWK
RI LPSURYHG FKLOGUHQ
V ZHDU LQ WKH IDLU WKH )& KDV UHFHLYHG IL[HG IDEULF VXSSOLHUV DQG EXLOW XS D ORQJWHUP VXSSO\
PDQ\RUGHUV UHODWLRQVKLS ZKLFK LPSURYHG WKH EDUJDLQLQJ SRZHU RI WKH
+RZHYHU DIWHU D ZLGH UDQJH RI GDWD FROOHFWLRQ DQG FRPSDQ\DQGWRVRPHH[WHQWUHGXFHGSURGXFWFRVWV
UHSHDWHGO\ FRQILUPDWLRQ ZH GLG QRW ILQG W\SLFDO H[DPSOHV 
DQGSURGXFWVRIWKH)&¶VQRQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQWKURXJK B. Absorptive capacity
UHYHUVH LPLWDWLRQ *LYHQ WKLV ZH EHOLHYH LW OLHV LQ IROORZLQJ )RU LQQRYDWLRQ LQ IDVKLRQ ILUPV TXLFN DFFHVV WR LQWHUQDO
UHDVRQV )LUVWO\ WKH )& LV OHDGHU LQ KDQGZRYHQ FORWKLQJ DQG H[WHUQDO LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG NQRZOHGJH LV YHU\ LPSRUWDQW
LQGXVWU\ RIWHQ EHLQJ WKH REMHFW RI UHYHUVH LPLWDWLRQ WKH DQG LQQRYDWLRQ VXFFHVV ODUJHO\ GHSHQGV RQ ILUP¶V FDSDELOLW\
VHFRQGLVWKDWLQWKHFORWKLQJGHVLJQSHRSOHJHQHUDOO\SXUVXH RI TXLFNO\ DSSO\LQJ WKLV NQRZOHGJH WR SURGXFW GHVLJQ
QRYHOW\ RI VW\OH :H IRXQG LQ WKH LQWHUYLHZ WKH )& ZRXOG SURGXFWLRQ DQG SURPRWLRQ 7KH )& DV RQH RI WKH PRVW
OHDUQ DQG UHIHU WR RWKHU FRPSDQLHV¶ VW\OH DQG DSSHDUDQFH RXWVWDQGLQJ IDVKLRQ ILUPV KDV FRQWLQXDOO\ IRFXVHG RQ
GHVLJQQRWWKURXJKGLUHFWUHYHUVHLPLWDWLRQ DEVRUELQJ H[WHUQDO NQRZOHGJH DQG PDGH IXOO XVH RI LQWHUQDO
 DQGH[WHUQDONQRZOHGJHIRUSURGXFWDQGSURFHVVLQQRYDWLRQLQ
 0DUNHWLQJLQQRYDWLRQ LWV EXVLQHVV RSHUDWLRQ DQG LQQRYDWLRQ SUDFWLFHV 'HWDLOHG
0DUNHWLQJ LQQRYDWLRQ VLJQDOLQJ FXOWXUDO FKDUDFWHULVWLFV LV H[DPSOHVDUHJLYHQEHORZ
UHSUHVHQWDWLYHRIWKH)&¶VEUDQGLPDJH)LUVWO\WKHFRPSDQ\ )LUVWO\ WKH )& ZDV DOVR JRRG DW FROOHFWLQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ
FUHDWHG D QHZ VDOHV PHWKRGEX\ FORWKHV GRQDWHG D VWRU\ IURP WKH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ ZLWK FXVWRPHUV LQ ZKLFK WKH\ KDG
LQWHJUDWLQJ SURGXFWV ZLWK FXOWXUDO HOHPHQWV DQG DWWDFKHG LGHQWLILHGJURZWKRSSRUWXQLWLHVWKDWEHQHILWWKHFRPSDQ\)RU
DQLPDWLRQFDUGVZLWKFODVVLFVWRULHVRQGUHVVWRLQFUHDVHWKH H[DPSOHWKHFRWWRQSDGGLQJFORWKHVZRXOGEHGHIRUPHGDIWHU
DGGHG YDOXH RI WKH SURGXFW 7KH FRPSDQ\ DOVR HPSKDVL]HV ZDVKLQJ FORWKHV DQG KHDW UHWHQWLRQ SURSHUW\ ZRXOG EH
PXFK RQ FXOWXUDO LQQRYDWLRQ )LQODQG &KHQJ WKH LQLWLDO ORZHUHG%XWQRZDVKLQJIRUDORQJWLPHZRXOGDIIHFWLQIDQWV¶
IRXQGHU EHOLHYHV WKDW KRPHVSXQ LV  D NLQG RI &KLQHVH DQG\RXQJFKLOGUHQ¶VKHDOWK2QFHFXVWRPHUVUHIOHFWHGDERYH
WUDGLWLRQDO FORWKLQJ PDWHULDOV HQYLURQPHQWDOO\ IULHQGO\ DOVR GLOHPPD WKHILUP LPPHGLDWHO\ RUJDQL]HG SHUVRQQHO WR VROYH
SDUWLFXODUO\JRRGSHUPHDELOLW\VR,GRWKHKRPHVSXQEXVLQHVV WKH SUREOHP VHHNLQJ H[WHUQDO WHFKQLFDO FRRSHUDWLRQ WR
QRW RQO\ WR SURGXFH JRRGV PRUH LPSRUWDQW LV WR LQKHULW GHYHORSDZDVKDEOHFRWWRQFKLOGUHQ
VFORWKLQJIRUFXVWRPHUV
FXOWXUH &KLQD
V WKRXVDQGV RI \HDUV RI WH[WLOH FXOWXUH ,Q DQG DOVR DFFXPXODWH WHFKQLFDO VNLOOV DQG NQRZKRZ
DGGLWLRQ WKH )& VHOHFWHG WKH :HVW /DNH DV D ILHOG SXEOLFLW\ NQRZOHGJHLQWKHSURFHVV
VLWH VKRZLQJ SRUWDEOH QHZ ORRP WR VKDSH WKH HQWHUSULVH 6HFRQGO\ LQ WKH SURFHVV RI FRRSHUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH UDZ
LPDJHDVDWUDGLWLRQDOFXOWXUDOKHULWDJHRIWKHHQWHUSULVHLPDJH PDWHULDOEDVHVWKH)&UHJXODUO\HQTXLUHGZHDYHUVDERXWWKHLU
6HFRQGO\ WKH )& H[SDQGV LWV PDUNHW E\ VHOOLQJ FRWWRQ WKH IUHVKLGHDVRIH[LVWLQJIDEULFDQGSDWWHUQDQGJRRGSUDFWLFHV
UDZPDWHULDOVRDVWRVDWLVI\WKHQHHGVRIKDQGHQWKXVLDVWV,Q 7KHQ WKH ILUP DSSOLHG FROOHFWHG JRRG LGHDV DQG SUDFWLFHV WR
DGGLWLRQ WKH )& RUJDQL]HG VRPH DFWLYLWLHV ZLWK FXOWXUDO RWKHU UDZ PDWHULDOV SURGXFWLRQ EDVH ZKLFK SURPRWHG D
PHDQLQJ VXFK DV ',< DFWLYLWLHV RQ FKLOGUHQ
V 'D\ DQG V\QHUJHWLF GHYHORSPHQW RI UDZ PDWHULDO EDVHV 0HDQZKLOH
RUJDQL]LQJOHVVRQVWRLQWURGXFHZHDYLQJVNLOOVWRWKHVFKRRO GHVLJQHUVIUHTXHQWO\SDUWLFLSDWHGLQUHOHYDQWFRPPRGLWLHVIDLU
WRZHDYLQJVNLOOVWREXLOGEUDQGDQGVKDSHFRUSRUDWHLPDJH SURGXFWODXQFKHVDQGVRRQLQRUGHUWRREWDLQODWHVWLQGXVWULDO
VSUHDGLQJ &KLQHVH KDQG ZHDYLQJ FXOWXUH $W WKH VDPH WLPH WUHQG E\ ZKLFK WKH\ FDQ FRPELQH WKH ODWHVW SRS HOHPHQWV
WKH )& DOVR RSHQHG WKH RQOLQH VDOHV OLNH LWV RQOLQH VWRUH LQ ZLWKWKH)&¶VRZQVW\OHLQSURGXFWGHVLJQ
7PDOO ZKLFK UHGXFHV ERWK DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ FRVWV DQG VWDII ,QDGGLWLRQLQRUGHUWRWUDFNWKHODWHVWPDUNHWLQIRUPDWLRQ
FRVWV GHVLJQHUV DWWHQGHG SURGXFW LQWURGXFWLRQ PHHWLQJV DQG WUDGH
 IDLUV %\ LQWHJUDWLQJ WKH ODWHVW IDVKLRQ HOHPHQWV LQWR SURGXFW
 2UJDQL]DWLRQDOLQQRYDWLRQ GHVLJQWKH)&ODXQFKHGQHZRULPSURYHGSURGXFWV
,QWHUPVRIRUJDQL]DWLRQDOLQQRYDWLRQWKH)&KDVLWVRZQ ,Q FRQFOXVLRQ PXOWL FKDQQHO DFTXLVLWLRQ DQG IDVW
LQQRYDWLYHDSSURDFKHV,QRUGHUWRILQGDEHWWHUGHYHORSPHQW DSSOLFDWLRQRILQWHUQDODQGH[WHUQDONQRZOHGJHFRQWULEXWHWRD
SODWIRUP IRU WKH )& WKH )& MRLQHG +DQJ]KRX :HQVOL VLON EHWWHU HIIHFW RI QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV DQG
WHFKQRORJ\ FRUSRUDWLRQ ZKLFK ZDV NQRZQ DV WKH KRPHVSXQ LPSURYH WKH SHUIRUPDQFH DQG VDOHV RI QHZ SURGXFWV VHH
:HDYHUPDUULHGVLON&RZER\3HUVRQLQFKDUJHLQWKH)&
KROGV WKDW FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK :HQVOL EHQHILWV WKH FRPSDQ\
EHFDXVHWKH)&FDQQRWRQO\UHWDLQWKHKRPHVSXQFXOWXUHEXW


7DEOH  7KHUHIRUH DEVRUSWLYH FDSDFLW\ LV FORVHO\ UHODWHG WR
WKH GHJUHH RI EHQHILW 60(V FDQ JHW IURP QRQ5 'EDVHG
LQQRYDWLRQ

1070
 2016 Proceedings of PICMET '16: Technology Management for Social Innovation
7$%/(1215 '%$6(',1129$7,21$&7,9,7,(6$%62537,9(&$3$&,7<$1',1129$7,213(5)250$1&(2)7+()&
1RQ5 '±EDVHG 3RWHQWLDODEVRUSWLYHFDSDFLW\ 
LQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHV
7HFKQRORJ\DGRSWLRQ *HWLQIRUPDWLRQIURPFXVWRPHUFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
7KHSUREOHPRIWKHILOOHUWKDWFDQQRWEHPDFKLQH
ZDVKHG
*HWLQIRUPDWLRQIURPFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIUDZ
PDWHULDO
7KHSUREOHPRIURXJKIHHOLQJRIKDQGZHDYLQJ
DQGWKHSURGXFWLVQRWFRPIRUWDEOHDQGVRIW
HQRXJK
,QFUHPHQWDOLQQRYDWLRQ *HWLQIRUPDWLRQIURPSURGXFWLRQPRQLWRULQJ
 7KHORZSURGXFWLYLW\RIWH[WLOHHTXLSPHQWWKH
ODFNRIWH[WLOHWHFKQRORJ\ORZLQFHQWLYHRI
ZRUNHUV
*HWLQIRUPDWLRQIURPHPSOR\HHV
&ROOHFWLQJWKHODWHVWLGHDVRIWKHH[LVWLQJKDQG
ZRYHQIDEULFVSDWWHUQGHVLJQDQGWKHEHVW
SUDFWLFHV
,QQRYDWLYHLPSOLFDWLRQRI *HWLQIRUPDWLRQIURPH[KLELWLRQV
H[LVWLQJNQRZOHGJH 'HVLJQHUV¶SDUWLFLSDWLRQ   LQ3URGXFW
VZHDU7KHQXPEHURI
 ,QWURGXFWLRQ0HHWLQJDQG7UDGH)DLUWRVWD\XSRQ
WKHODWHVWLVVXHVDQGWUHQGV
0DUNHWLQJLQQRYDWLRQ *HWLQIRUPDWLRQWKURXJKVRFLDOPHGLDPDUNHWLQJ
PHDQV
3URPRWLQJWKHKDQGZHDYLQJFXOWXUHWKURXJK
IULHQGVFLUFOH:H&KDWSXEOLFHWFDQGWHVWQHZ
SURGXFWVLQSRSXODULW\LQWHUDFWLYHOHDUQLQJZLWK
IDQVDQGSRWHQWLDOXVHUV
2UJDQL]DWLRQDO *HWLQIRUPDWLRQIURPSDUWQHUV
LQQRYDWLRQ &RRSHUDWLRQZLWKIDEULFVXSSOLHUV

C. Innovation performance
$VWKHILUVWGRPHVWLFKDQGZRYHQFKLOGUHQEUDQGWKH)&
JUDGXDOO\ LPSURYHV WUDGLWLRQDO KRPHVSXQ UHWDLQLQJ VRIW\ RI
KDQG ZRYHQ IDEULF DQG FUHDWLQJ ERXWLTXH FORWKLQJ FUHDWHV D
QHZ SDWK RI LQQRYDWLRQ LQ WKH FRPELQDWLRQ RI WUDGLWLRQDO
FUDIWVPDQVKLS DQG PRGHUQ FORWKLQJ FRQFHSW 1RZ LW KDV
EHFRPHDOHDGHULQKRPHVSXQFORWKLQJLQGXVWU\
2YHUWKH\HDUVWKRXJKWKH)&KDVDOPRVWQRIRUPDO5 '
LQYHVWPHQW DQG WKHUH LV QR IRUPDO UHVHDUFK LQVWLWXWLRQ WKH
ILUPVWLOOPDLQWDLQHGDVWURQJLQQRYDWLYHFDSDELOLW\DQGJRRG
PDUNHWSHUIRUPDQFH)URPWKHFDVHDQDO\VLVZHREVHUYHWKDW
WKH)&SUHIHUUHGWRLQQRYDWHE\PHDQVRIWHFKQLFDODGRSWLRQ
LQFUHPHQWDO LPSURYHPHQW GHVLJQ PDUNHWLQJ RUJDQL]DWLRQDO
),*85(1RQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQDEVRUSWLYHFDSDFLW\DQGLQQRYDWLRQSHUIRUPDQFHRI60(V
1071
5HDOL]HGDEVRUSWLYHFDSDFLW\ ,QQRYDWLRQSHUIRUPDQFH
4XLFNUHVSRQVHDFWLYHOHDUQLQJ 'HYHORSLQJWKHZDVKDEOHFRWWRQDQG
2UJDQL]LQJLQWHUQDOHPSOR\HHVDQG JRWWKHSDWHQWRIXWLOLW\PRGHO
DGRSWLQJH[WHUQDOWHFKQRORJ\WRVROYHWKH
SUREOHP
&RRSHUDWLYHH[SORUDWLRQDQGH[SORLWDWLRQ 'HYHORSLQJDQHZIDEULF üWKHQHZ
&RRSHUDWLQJZLWK:HQVOLFRPSDQ\ FORXGFORWK,PSURYHPHQWLQSURGXFW
LQWHJUDWLQJKRPHVSXQWHFKQRORJ\ZLWKVLON QRYHOW\H[SDQVLRQRIPDUNHW
WHFKQRORJ\ UHFRJQLWLRQ
&RRSHUDWLYHH[SORUDWLRQDFWLYHOHDUQLQJ /DXQFKHGDQHZORRPZKLFKVSHHG
%\RUJDQL]LQJWKHLQWHUQDO7H[WLOH LQFUHDVHVE\DQG
7HFKQRORJ\6SHFLDOLVWDQGKLULQJH[WHUQDO VLJQLILFDQWO\UHGXFHVODERULQWHQVLW\
ZHDYLQJPDFKLQHH[SHUWVWRJHWKHU 
LPSURYHGWKHQRUWKORRP
&RRSHUDWLYHH[SORUDWLRQDFWLYHOHDUQLQJ 6XFFHVVIXOO\LPSURYHGWKHH[LVWLQJ
2UJDQL]LQJLQWHUQDOWHFKQLFDOHPSOR\HHV ZHDYLQJPHWKRGVWRVROYHWKH
DQGZHDYLQJDUWLVWVLQUDZPDWHULDOEDVHWR SUREOHPRIURXJKKRPHVSXQIDEULFV
H[SORUHSRVVLEOHZD\VWRLPSURYHZHDYLQJ HQULFKHGW\SHVRIIDEULFSDWWHUQV
PHWKRGV
(IIHFWLYHFRPELQDWLRQRINQRZOHGJH /DXQFKHGDVW\OLVKFDPSXVVHULHV
&RPELQLQJWUDGLWLRQDOKDQGLFUDIW FKLOGUHQ
WHFKQLTXHVDQGWKHFRQFHSWRIPRGHUQ IUDQFKLVHGVWRUHVVXEVHTXHQWO\
IDVKLRQGHVLJQ LQFUHDVHGVLJQLILFDQWO\
(IIHFWLYHFRPELQDWLRQRINQRZOHGJH ([SDQGLQJVDOHVEXWDOVRVHWXSWKH
&RPELQLQJFXOWXUDOVWRULHVZLWKSURGXFWV HQWHUSULVHLPDJHDVDFXOWXUDO
KHULWDJH
([SDQVLRQRILQIRUPDWLRQDGYDQWDJH ,PSURYLQJWKHEDUJDLQLQJSRZHURI
7RHVWDEOLVKDORQJWHUPPDVVLYHVXSSO\ WKH)&DQGUHGXFLQJSURGXFWFRVWV
UHODWLRQV
LQQRYDWLRQHWF)XUWKHUPRUHWKHFDSDELOLW\RIIDVWDFTXLVLWLRQ
XQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGDSSOLFDWLRQWRPDUNHWLQIRUPDWLRQDVZHOO
DVWKHDELOLW\WRLQWHUQDOL]HH[WHUQDOWH[WLOHWHFKQLTXHVDOORZ
WKHILUPWRJHWDEHWWHUSHUIRUPDQFH6LQFHWKHFRPSDQ\
KDVDYHUDJHDQQXDOVDOHVJURZWKRIRYHUSHUFHQWDQGKDV
DSUDFWLFDOSDWHQWDJURZLQJQXPEHURIEUDQFKHV
6LQFHWKHFRPSDQ\KDVDFKLHYHGDQDYHUDJHDQQXDO
VDOHVJURZWKUDWHRIPRUHWKDQDQGDJURZLQJQXPEHU
RIWKH)&¶VDOVRRZQVDXWLOLW\PRGHOSDWHQW,Q=KHQJ
)HQODQ WKH LQLWLDO IRXQGHU ZRQ WKH DZDUG RI WKH PRVW
FXWWLQJHGJH HQWUHSUHQHXU ZLWK FXOWXUH PLVVLRQ ,Q  LWV
KDQG ZHDYLQJ WHFKQLTXHV DUH LQFOXGHG LQ WKH OLVW RI
QRQPDWHULDOFXOWXUDOKHULWDJHLQ=KHMLDQJSURYLQFH

 2016 Proceedings of PICMET '16: Technology Management for Social Innovation

9,',6&866,21$1'&21&/86,216 81R

 
60(V DUH LQ D ZHDN SRVLWLRQ LQ WKH PDUNHW FRPSHWLWLRQ 5()(5(1&(6
DQGWKHORQJWHUPHPSKDVLVRQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQPDNHV 
WKLV PRUH REYLRXV $QG PRVW RI WKH 60(V LQ &KLQD GRQ¶W >@ 6DQWDPDUtD / 0- 1LHWR DQG $ %DUJH*LO ³%H\RQG IRUPDO 5 '
7DNLQJ DGYDQWDJH RI RWKHU VRXUFHV RI LQQRYDWLRQ LQ ORZDQG
KDYHDGHTXDWHUHVRXUFHVWR5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHV PHGLXPWHFKQRORJ\ LQGXVWULHV´ 5HVHDUFK 3ROLF\ 9RO  SS
%DVHG RQ WKH H[LVWLQJ OLWHUDWXUH UHYLHZ ZH ILUVW SURSRVH 
QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ SDWWHUQV DQG D IUDPHZRUN RI >@ +XDQJ & $ $UXQGHO DQG + +ROODQGHUV 1RQ5 ' LQQRYDWLRQ RI
UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQQRQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQSDWWHUQVDQG PDQXIDFWXULQJ ILUPV 7KHRU\ DQG HYLGHQFH IURP WKH WKLUG (XURSHDQ
FRPPXQLW\ LQQRYDWLRQ VXUYH\ ,QQRYDWLRQ :DWFK6\VWHPDWLF UHSRUW
LQQRYDWLRQ SHUIRUPDQFH DQG FRQGXFW D SUHOLPLQDU\ %UXVVHOV(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ'*(QWHUSULVH
H[SORUDWLRQ IRU QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ WKHRU\ 7KHQ >@ &+(1 -LQ /, )HL ³5HVHDUFK RQ WKH .H\ 'LPHQVLRQV RI 60(V 7RWDO
FRQVLGHULQJWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI60(VLQ&KLQHVHFRQWH[WZH ,QQRYDWLRQ0DQDJHPHQW0RGHO´-RXUQDORI,QGXVWULDO(QJLQHHULQJDQG
GR D FDVH VWXG\ RQ +DQJ]KRX )DVKLRQ LQ &KLQD WR DQDO\]H (QJLQHHULQJ0DQDJHPHQW]
KRZ WKH PDMRULW\ RI 60(V PDNH XS IRU 5 ' ZHDNQHVV E\ >@ +DQ 0HL ³:LVKLQJ WR EH WKH ILUVW RQ 5 ' KRZHYHU  SHUFHQW RI
LQODQG VPDOO HQWHUSULVHV KDYH QR 5 '
QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ VR DV WR LPSURYH WKHLU LQSXW´>(%2/@KWWS]TEF\ROFRPFRQWHQWFRQWHQWB
FRPSHWLWLYHDGYDQWDJHDQGDFKLHYHEXVLQHVVJURZWK KWPˈˊ
,Q WKLV SDSHU WKH UHVXOWV VKRZ WKDW WKH WHFKQRORJ\ DQG >@ .OHLQNQHFKW$)LUPVL]HDQGLQQRYDWLRQ6PDOO%XVLQHVV(FRQRPLFV
NQRZOHGJH DGRSWLRQ PDUNHWLQJ LQQRYDWLRQ RUJDQL]DWLRQ 9ROSS
>@ 6DQWDUHOOL ( DQG $ 6WHUODFFKLQL ³,QQRYDWLRQ IRUPDO YV LQIRUPDO
LQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHVDQGRWKHUQRQ5 'LQQRYDWLRQDFWLYLWLHV 5 'DQGILUPVL]HVRPHHYLGHQFHIURP,WDOLDQPDQXIDFWXULQJILUPV´
KDYH D VLJQLILFDQW SRVLWLYH LQIOXHQFH RQ LQQRYDWLRQ 6PDOO%XVLQHVV(FRQRPLFV9ROSS
SHUIRUPDQFH2QWKHRQHKDQG60(VPDNHXSIRUWKHLURZQ >@ %URXZHU ( DQG $ .OHLQNQHFKW ³0HDVXULQJ WKH XQPHDVXUDEOH D
ZHDN WHFKQLFDO 5 ' FDSDELOLWLHV E\ DFWLYHO\ DFTXLULQJ FRXQWU\
V QRQ5 ' H[SHQGLWXUH RQ SURGXFW DQG VHUYLFH LQQRYDWLRQ´
5HVHDUFK3ROLF\9ROSS
H[WHUQDO DGYDQFHG HTXLSPHQW DQG WHFKQRORJ\ /HDUQLQJ >@ +DQVHQ 3$ DQG * 6HULQ ³:LOO ORZ WHFKQRORJ\ SURGXFWV GLVDSSHDU"
H[WHUQDO NQRZOHGJH DQG PDNH IXOO XVH RI H[LVWLQJ LQWHUQDO 7KH KLGGHQ LQQRYDWLRQ SURFHVVHV LQ ORZ WHFKQRORJ\ LQGXVWULHV´
NQRZOHGJH RI WR HQKDQFH WHFKQRORJ\ OHDGHUVKLS DQG 7HFKQRORJLFDO)RUHFDVWLQJDQG6RFLDO&KDQJH9ROSS
DFFXPXODWH LQQRYDWLRQ FDSDELOLW\ VR DV WR LPSURYH WKH 
>@ 6WHUODFFKLQL $ ³'R LQQRYDWLYH DFWLYLWLHV PDWWHU WR VPDOO ILUPV LQ
LQQRYDWLRQ SHUIRUPDQFH $QG WKURXJK FRQWLQXRXV QRQ5 'LQWHQVLYHLQGXVWULHV"$QDSSOLFDWLRQWRH[SRUWSHUIRUPDQFH´
LPSURYHPHQW RI H[LVWLQJ SURGXFWV DQG WHFKQRORJLFDO 5HVHDUFK3ROLF\9ROSS
LQQRYDWLRQWRHQKDQFHWKHSURGXFWKHWHURJHQHLW\DQGDFKLHYH >@ 6WHDG + ³7KH FRVWV RI WHFKQRORJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQ´ 5HVHDUFK 3ROLF\
FRQWLQXRXV LQQRYDWLRQ LQ RUGHU WR DFKLHYH ILQDO ORQJWHUP 9ROSS
>@ =+(1* *DQJ /,8 )DQJ ;8 )HQJ 3(1* ;LQPLQ ³1RQ5 '
GHYHORSPHQW2QWKHRWKHUKDQGQRQ5 'EDVHGLQQRYDWLRQ LQQRYDWLRQ 7KH QHJOHFWHG LQQRYDWLRQ LQ 60(V´ 6FLHQFH RI 6FLHQFH
DFWLYLWLHV OLNH PDUNHW SURPRWLRQ FKDQQHOV RUJDQL]DWLRQDO DQG0DQDJHPHQWRI6 79ROSS
DFWLYLWLHVDQGRWKHUDVSHFWVRILQQRYDWLRQFDQKHOSWRH[SDQG >@ 0HQJ < =KHQJ * /LX ) ³1RQ5 ' LQQRYDWLRQ LQ 60(V $Q
SURGXFW VDOHV DQG UHGXFH FRVWV VR DV WR DFKLHYH HIIHFWLYH HPSLULFDO VWXG\ IURP &KLQD´>&@ 7HFKQRORJ\ 0DQDJHPHQW LQ WKH
,7'ULYHQ 6HUYLFHV 3,&0(7  3URFHHGLQJV RI 3,&0(7

LQQRYDWLRQ ,(((
,QDGGLWLRQWKHFDVHVKRZVWKDWWKHDEVRUSWLYHFDSDFLW\RI >@ &RRSHUDWLRQ 2I( DQG 'HYHORSPHQW )UDVFDWL 0DQXDO 
60(V LV FORVHO\ UHODWHG WR WKH GHJUHH RI EHQHILW IURP 3URSRVHG6WDQGDUG3UDFWLFHIRU6XUYH\VRQ5HVHDUFKDQG([SHULPHQWDO
QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ 1RQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ 'HYHORSPHQW2(&'
>@ +XDQJ&$$UXQGHODQG++ROODQGHUV³+RZILUPVLQQRYDWH5 '
SURYLGHVWKHQHZDQGLQQRYDWLYHLGHDVIRUWKHHQWHUSULVHDQG QRQ5 'DQGWHFKQRORJ\DGRSWLRQ´ZRUNLQJSDSHU
DEVRUSWLYH FDSDFLW\ RI HQWHUSULVHV RIIHUV PHDQV LQ WKH DFWXDO >@ %DUJH*LO $ -HVXV 1LHWR 0 DQG 6DQWDPDUtD / ³+LGGHQ LQQRYDWRUV
VLWXDWLRQ ZKLFK SRVLWLYHO\ LQIOXHQFHV WKH LQQRYDWLRQ HIIHFW 7KH UROH RI QRQ5 ' DFWLYLWLHV´ 7HFKQRORJ\ DQDO\VLV  6WUDWHJLF
(QWHUSULVH HQJDJHV LQ QRQ5 'EDVHG LQQRYDWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV PDQDJHPHQW9ROSS
>@ +HUYDV2OLYHU - / *DUULJRV - $ *LO3HFKXDQ , ³0DNLQJ VHQVH RI
PHDQZKLOH DGRSWLQJ H[WHUQDO WHFKQRORJ\ FROOHFWLQJ PDUNHW LQQRYDWLRQ E\ 5 ' DQG QRQ5 ' LQQRYDWRUV LQ ORZ WHFKQRORJ\
DQG FXVWRPHU LQIRUPDWLRQ 7KHQ WKH WHFKQRORJ\ DQG FRQWH[WV $ IRUJRWWHQ OHVVRQ IRU SROLF\PDNHUV´ 7HFKQRYDWLRQ 9RO
NQRZOHGJHLVFRPELQHGZLWKWKHH[LVWLQJLQWHUQDONQRZOHGJH SS 
DIWHU GLJHVWLRQ WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ WR SURGXFH QHZ NQRZOHGJH >@ &RRSHUDWLRQ 2I( DQG 'HYHORSPHQW 2VOR PDQXDO *XLGHOLQHV IRU
FROOHFWLQJDQGLQWHUSUHWLQJLQQRYDWLRQGDWD2(&'SXEOLVKLQJ
WKHUHE\UHGXFHVWKHLQQRYDWLRQULVNDQGGLIILFXOW\ >@ $UXQGHO$%RUGR\&DQG.DQHUYD0³1HJOHFWHGLQQRYDWRUV+RZGR
$QGWKHUHH[LVWVVRPHOLPLWDWLRQVRIWKLVVWXG\7KHDERYH LQQRYDWLYH ILUPV WKDW GR QRW SHUIRUP 5 ' LQQRYDWH´ 5HVXOWV RI DQ
FRQFOXVLRQV DUH EDVHG RQ WKH UHVXOWV RI D VLQJOH FDVH VWXG\ DQDO\VLVRIWKH,QQREDURPHWHU
UHTXLULQJDODUJHVDPSOHGDWDDQGPRUHW\SLFDOFDVHVWXGLHVWR >@ %UDJD + DQG / :LOOPRUH ³7HFKQRORJLFDO LPSRUWV DQG WHFKQRORJLFDO
HIIRUWDQDQDO\VLVRIWKHLUGHWHUPLQDQWVLQ%UD]LOLDQILUPV´7KH-RXUQDO
IXUWKHUYHULILFDWLRQ RI,QGXVWULDO(FRQRPLFV9ROSS
 >@ $URUD$³&RQWUDFWLQJIRUWDFLWNQRZOHGJHWKHSURYLVLRQRIWHFKQLFDO
$&.12:/('*0(176 VHUYLFHV LQ WHFKQRORJ\ OLFHQVLQJ FRQWUDFWV´ -RXUQDO RI 'HYHORSPHQW
 (FRQRPLFV9ROSS
>@ $OYDUH] 5 ³([WHUQDO VRXUFHV RI WHFKQRORJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQ LQ &KLOHDQ
7KLVUHVHDUFKLVVXSSRUWHGE\3URMHFWVRI1DWLRQDO1DWXUDO PDQXIDFWXULQJ LQGXVWU\ (VWXGLRV GH HFRQRPtD´ 9RO  SS
6FLHQFH )RXQGDWLRQ RI &KLQD 1R  1R 

1072
 2016 Proceedings of PICMET '16: Technology Management for Social Innovation

>@ %DVDQW5DQG%)LNNHUW7KH(IIHFWVRI5 ')RUHLJQ7HFKQRORJ\ >@ +HLGHQUHLFK 0 ³,QQRYDWLRQ SDWWHUQV DQG ORFDWLRQ RI (XURSHDQ
3XUFKDVHDQG'RPHVWLFDQG,QWHUQDWLRQDO6SLOORYHUVRQ3URGXFWLYLW\LQ ORZDQG PHGLXPWHFKQRORJ\ LQGXVWULHV´ 5HVHDUFK 3ROLF\ 9RO 
,QGLDQ)LUPV5HYLHZRI(FRQRPLFV 6WDWLVWLFV9ROSS SS
  >@ &RKHQ :0 DQG '$ /HYLQWKDO ³,QQRYDWLRQ DQG OHDUQLQJ WKH WZR
>@ =XQLJD 0 $ *X]PDQ DQG ) %URZQ ³5 ' DQG WHFKQRORJ\ IDFHV RI 5 '´ 7KH HFRQRPLF MRXUQDO 9RO  SS 
SXUFKDVLQJ GHFLVLRQV LQ WKH 0H[LFDQ 3KDUPDFHXWLFDO LQGXVWU\´ 
:RUNLQJ3DSHU >@ =DKUD 6KDNHU $ DQG * *HRUJH $EVRUSWLYH &DSDFLW\ $ 5HYLHZ
>@ )XMLD -L 7HFKQRORJLFDO LQQRYDWLRQ VFKRRO 7VLQJKXD 8QLYHUVLW\ 3UHVV 5HFRQFHSWXDOL]DWLRQDQG([WHQVLRQ$FDGHP\RI0DQDJHPHQW5HYLHZ
%HLMLQJ 9ROSS 
>@ 1,$1 =KL\XDQ ³2Q SDWWHUQ FKRLFH RI WHFKQRORJ\ LQQRYDWLRQV LQ >@ -DQVHQ 9DQ ' % 9ROEHUGD ³0DQDJLQJ SRWHQWLDO DQG UHDOL]HG
PHGLXP RU VPDOOVL]HG HQWHUSULVH ͶLPLWDWLYH LQQRYDWLRQV´ 6FLHQWLILF DEVRUSWLYH FDSDFLW\  +RZ WR RUJDQL]DWLRQDO DQWHFHGHQWV PDWWHU´
0DQDJHPHQW5HVHDUFK9ROS $FDGHP\RI0DQDJHPHQW-RXUQDO9RO   SS
>@ .RWHOQLNRY 9 ³5DGLFDO LQQRYDWLRQ YHUVXV LQFUHPHQWDO LQQRYDWLRQ´ >@ 4LDQ ;LKRQJ <DQJ <RQJIX DQG ;X :DQOL ³1HWZRUN SRVLWLRQ
+DUYDUG%XVLQHVV6FKRRO3UHVV%RVWRQ $EVRUSWLYHFDSDFLW\ˈDQG,QQRYDWLRQ3HUIRUPDQFH$QLQWHUDFWLYHHIIHFW
>@ 3DYLWW.³6HFWRUDOSDWWHUQVRIWHFKQLFDOFKDQJHWRZDUGVDWD[RQRP\ PRGHO´0DQDJHPHQW:RUOG9ROSS
DQGDWKHRU\´5HVHDUFK3ROLF\9ROSS >@ &KHQ -LQ -LDQJ =LMXQ DQG &KHQ <XIHQ 7KH ,QIOXHQFLQJ )DFWRUV RI
>@ (YDQJHOLVWD5.QRZOHGJHDQGLQYHVWPHQWWKHVRXUFHVRILQQRYDWLRQ $EVRUSWLYH&DSDFLW\XQGHUWKH3DUDGLJPRI2SHQ,QQRYDWLRQ-RXUQDO
LQLQGXVWU\(GZDUG(OJDU RI =KHMLDQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ +XPDQL WLHV DQG 6RFLDO 6FLHQFHV 9RO
>@ =KHQJ%LQJ\XQDQG/L6XL³7KHUHODWLRQVKLSRIFRPSHWLWLYHVWUDWHJ\ˈ SS
LQQRYDWLRQ VHOHFWLRQˈDQG ILUP SHUIRUPDQFH´ 5HVHDUFK 0DQDJHPHQW >@ /DQH3-6DON-(DQG/\OHV0$³$EVRUSWLYHFDSDFLW\OHDUQLQJDQG
9RO SHUIRUPDQFH LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO MRLQW YHQWXUHV´ 6WUDWHJLF 0DQDJHPHQW
>@ /L %DRVKDQ ,QWHJUDWHG PDQDJHPHQWPDQDJHPHQW LQQRYDWLRQ RI -RXUQDO9ROSS
KLJKWHFK3HRSOH
V8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV%HLMLQJ >@ (GPRQGVRQ $& DQG 6( 0F0DQXV ³0HWKRGRORJLFDO ILW LQ
>@ &KHQ -LQ ³7KH WKHRUHWLF PRGH RI LQWHJUDWLYH LQQRYDWLRQ´ &KLQD 6RIW PDQDJHPHQW ILHOG UHVHDUFK $FDGHP\ RI PDQDJHPHQW UHYLHZ´ 9RO
6FLHQFH9ROS SS
>@ 6FKPLGW 7 DQG & 5DPPHU ³1RQWHFKQRORJLFDO DQG WHFKQRORJLFDO >@ <LQ 5. &DVH VWXG\ UHVHDUFK 'HVLJQ DQG PHWKRGV 9RO 
LQQRYDWLRQVWUDQJHEHGIHOORZV"´=(:&HQWUHIRU(XURSHDQ(FRQRPLF 6$*(3XEOLFDWLRQV,QFRUSRUDWHG
5HVHDUFK'LVFXVVLRQ3DSHU >@ /HH 7: 8VLQJ TXDOLWDWLYH PHWKRGV LQ RUJDQL]DWLRQDO UHVHDUFK
>@ %DNDQ , DQG % <LOGL] ³,QQRYDWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV DQG ,QQRYDWLRQ 6$*(3XEOLFDWLRQV,QFRUSRUDWHG
3UREOHPVLQ6PDOODQG0HGLXP6L]HG(QWHUSULVHV$Q(PSLULFDO6WXG\ >@ (LVHQKDUGW .DWKOHHQ 0 %XLOGLQJ 7KHRULHV IURP &DVH 6WXG\
LQ,QQRYDWLRQ3ROLFLHV´%XVLQHVV&UHDWLRQDQG(FRQRPLF'HYHORSPHQW 5HVHDUFK $FDGHP\ RI 0DQDJHPHQW 5HYLHZ 9RO  SS
6SULQJHU1HZ<RUN 




1073