Design of Fixed Steel Platforms

COMPANY DESIGN CRITERIA
DESIGN OF FIXED STEEL PLATFORMS
23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Rev. 01 – December 2020
ABSTRACT The purpose of this document is to provide requirements and

recommendations for the design of fixed offshore steel structures
including substructure and topsides structure. Topsides structure
placed on floating structures and mobile offshore units are also covered
by this specification when not governed by rules of a classification
society. The document is based on the main international standards
ISO 19900 series and API series and includes amendment,
supplementary and deletion to them and, integration or guidance
according to company specifications.
December A. Moggia
01 General revision A. Fisogni A. Di Zillo
2020 (EniProgetti)
00 May 2005 Issue TEOF TEOF TEOF
REV. DATE Reason for issue Prepared Verified Approved
ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD
Documento riservato di proprietà di Eni spa. Esso non sarà mostrato a terzi né utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali è stato inviato.
This document is property of Eni spa. It shall neither be shown to third parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 2 of 45
REVISION TRACKING
Rev. 01: Actual revision is of 46 pages and of 0 attachments

The document has been globally reviewed according to the most recent international standards,
the IOGP supplementary specifications (delivered by IOGP Offshore structures specifications task
force) and company specifications:
Date: December 2020
INFORMATION REQUEST
Eni personnel can access company standard repository at:

http://wwweandp.eni.it/TSServices/ITEM/Standards-/Normalizat/Documents-/index.asp
External user shall refer to the Project Engineer Manager.
For information about the content of this standard, please refer to persons mentioned on first
page or to Company Standard Team (mbxc&st@eni.com).

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 3 of 45
INDEX
1 SCOPE AND GENERAL INFORMATION 5
1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 5
1.2 DISTRIBUTION AND INTENDED AUDIENCE 5
1.3 REFERENCES DOCUMENTS AND NORMATIVES 5
1.3.1 ISO International standards 5
1.3.2 API International standards 6
1.3.3 Other International standards 6
1.3.4 IOGP supplementary specifications 6
1.3.5 Company specifications 6
1.4 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 7
1.4.1 General Definitions 7
1.4.2 Specific Terms, Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations (Ref. [47]) 7
1.5 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE 7
2 DESIGN OF FIXED STEEL STRUCTURES 9
2.1 GENERAL 9
2.2 ISO AND API SERIES 9
2.2.1 ISO 19900 series 9
2.2.2 API series 10
2.3 LIMIT STATES AND ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN PHILOSOPHY 11
2.3.1 ISO 19900 series 12
2.3.2 API series 12
2.4 IOGP SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIFICATIONS 12
2.5 COMPANY SPECIFICATIONS 13
3 ISO STANDARDS FOR OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 14
3.1 ISO 19900 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS + IOGP SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIFICATIONS 14
3.2 ISO 19902 – FIXED STEEL OFFSHORE STRUCTURES + IOGP SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIFICATIONS 16
3.3 ISO 19901-2 - SEISMIC DESIGN PROCEDURE AND CRITERIA + IOGP SUPPLEMENTARY
SPECIFICATIONS 26
3.4 ISO 19901-3 – TOPSIDES STRUCTURE + IOGP SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIFICATIONS 28
4 API STANDARDS FOR OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 34
4.1 API RP 2A-LRFD – FIXED STEEL OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 34
4.2 API RP 2A-WSD – FIXED STEEL OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 34
4.3 API RP 2TOP – TOPSIDES STRUCTURE 34
5 FURTHER GUIDANCE – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 35
23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 4 of 45
5.1 EXPOSURE LEVELS 35

6 FURTHER GUIDANCE – FIXED STEEL OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 35
6.1 JACK-UPS 35
6.2 DECK ELEVATION AND AIR GAP 35
6.3 ACTIONS FOR PRE-SERVICE AND REMOVAL SITUATIONS 35
6.4 VARIABLE LOADS – LIVE LOADS 35
6.5 VORTEX INDUCED VIBRATIONS (VIV) 37
6.6 MARINE GROWTH 37
6.7 DRAG AND INERTIA COEFFICIENTS 37
6.8 ACCIDENTAL SITUATIONS 37
6.8.1 Vessel collision 37
6.8.2 Explosion/Blast and Fire 37
6.9 MATERIAL SELECTION 38
6.10 FABRICATION/CONSTRUCTION AND WELDING 38
6.11 CONDUCTORS – WELL GRID ARRANGEMENT AND CHOICE OF THE DRILLING MEAN 38
6.11.1 Step 1 – Choice of the drilling mean 38
6.11.2 Step 2 – Typologies and main characteristics of the drilling means 38
6.11.2.1 Jack-up 38
6.11.2.2 Self contained platform rig (FMWR) 39
6.11.2.3 Tender assisted drilling units (TAD) 40
6.11.3 Step 3 – Well grid arrangement 40
6.12 DRILLED PILES 41
7 FURTHER GUIDANCE – STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT 44
7.1 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT 44
7.1.1 Assessment of existing structures 44
7.1.2 Inspections and maintenance 44
8 FURTHER GUIDANCE – WEIGHT MANAGEMENT 44
8.1 WEIGHT MANAGEMENT 44
9 FURTHER GUIDANCE – TOPSIDES STRUCTURE 45
9.1 HELIDECK DESIGN 45
9.2 CRANE SUPPORT STRUCTURES 45
10 FURTHER GUIDANCE – OTHER OFFSHORE STRUCTURE 45
10.1 MOPU – MOBILE OFFSHORE PRODUCTION UNITS 45

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 5 of 45
1 SCOPE AND GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of this document is to provide requirements and recommendations for the design
of fixed steel offshore structures including substructure and topsides structure (see scope of ISO
19902 and API RP 2A). Topsides structure placed on floating structures and mobile offshore units
are also covered by this specification when not governed by rules of a classification society (see
scope of ISO 19901-3 and API RP 2TOP for further details and limitations).
The document is based on the main international standards for offshore structures, such as ISO
19900 series and API series and includes amendment, supplementary and deletion to them and,
integration or guidance according to company specifications.
1.2 DISTRIBUTION AND INTENDED AUDIENCE

The distribution of this document is unlimited.
1.3 REFERENCES DOCUMENTS AND NORMATIVES

The latest edition of each publication shall generally be used, together with any
amendments/supplements/revisions thereto, however new revisions/updates during an activity
or project will not be considered unless there are associated safety/environmental impacts.
1.3.1 ISO International standards

[1] ISO 19900 Petroleum and natural gas Industries – General requirements for offshore
structures
[2] ISO 19901-1 Petroleum and natural gas Industries – Specific requirements for offshore
structures – Part 1: Metocean design and operating considerations
structures – Part 2: Seismic design procedures and criteria
[4] ISO 19901-3 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Specific requirements for offshore
structures – Part 3: Topsides structure
structures – Part 3: Geotechnical and foundation design considerations
structures – Part 6: Marine operations
structures – Part 7: Station keeping systems for floating offshore structures and mobile
offshore units
structures – Part 8: Marine soil investigations
structures – Part 9: Structural integrity management
[10] ISO 19903 - Petroleum and natural gas Industries – Concrete offshore structures
[11] ISO 19904-1 - Petroleum and natural gas Industries – Floating offshore structures – Part
1: Monohulls, semisubmersible and spars
[12] ISO 19905-1 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Specific requirements of mobile
offshore units – Part 1: Jack-ups
[13] ISO 19906 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Arctic offshore structures
[14] ISO 19902:2020 Petroleum and natural gas Industries – Fixed steel offshore structures

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 6 of 45
1.3.2 API International standards

[15] API RP 2A-LRFD Planning, designing, and constructing fixed offshore platforms – Load
and resistance factor design
[16] API RP 2A-WSD Planning, designing, and constructing fixed offshore platforms – Working
stress design
[17] ANSI/API RP 2TOP Topsides structure
[18] API RP 2SIM Structural integrity management of fixed offshore structures
[19] API Spec 2C Offshore pedestal-mounted cranes
1.3.3 Other International standards

[20] CAA - CAP 437 Standards for offshore helicopter landing areas
[21] CAA – paper 2008/03 Helideck design considerations
[22] DNVGL-OS-C101 Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General
[23] DNVGL-RP-C205 Environmental conditions and environmental loads
[24] DNVGL-RP-C203 Fatigue design of offshore steel structures
[25] DNVGL-ST-N001 Marine operations and marine warranty
[26] EN 13852-1 Crane – Offshore cranes - Part1: General purpose offshore cranes
[27] ICAO - ANNEX 14 Aerodromes – Volume II Heliports
1.3.4 IOGP supplementary specifications

[28] IOGP S631-01 General requirements for offshore structures
[29] IOGP S-631-02 Arctic offshore structures
[30] IOGP S-631-03 Concrete offshore structures
[31] IOGP S631-04 Topsides structure
[32] IOGP S-631-05 Foundations
[33] IOGP S-631-06 Weight management
[34] IOGP S-631-07 Station keeping
[35] IOGP S-631-08 Seismic
[36] IOGP S-631-09 Metocean
[37] IOGP S-631-10 Marine soil investigations
[38] IOGP S631-11 Fixed steel offshore structures
[39] IOGP S-617 Supplementary specification to EN 13852-1 General-purpose offshore cranes
[40] IOGP S-617D Datasheet for General-purpose offshore cranes
[41] IOGP S-617L Information requirements specification (IRS) for General-purpose offshore
cranes
[42] IOGP S617Q Quality requirements specification (QRS) for General-purpose offshore
cranes
[43] IOGP S-618 Supplementary specification to API Spec 2C Offshore pedestal-mounted
cranes
[44] IOGP S-618D Datasheet for IOGP S-618 Offshore pedestal-mounted cranes
[45] IOGP S-618L Information requirements for Offshore pedestal-mounted cranes
[46] IOGP S618Q Quality requirements for Offshore pedestal-mounted cranes
1.3.5 Company specifications

[47] bp dev-dms 001 DMS Best Practice – Acronyms and Definitions
[48] bp svi eng 004 r02 Full life structural integrity management
[49] 20203.VAR.LCI.STD Data model of plant components data and key documents
[50] 07669.ENG.INT.PRG Criteria for planning of inspections and maintenance on fixed
offshore platforms
[51] 20181.ENG.INT.STD Inspection of offshore platform substructures
23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 7 of 45
[52] 20414.ENG.INT.STD Inspection of offshore platform topsides structure

[53] 20311.ENG.COR.STD Underwater inspections of cathodic protection systems
[54] 28879.ENG.ING.PRG Risk analysis methodology for offshore platform deck structures RBI
development
[55] 28690.ENG.INT.PRG Exposure level of offshore platforms – Definition and evaluation
[56] 08832.STR.MME.SPC Offshore Platforms steel for structures
[57] 08833.ENG.MME.SDS Offshore platforms – Offshore structures construction
[58] 20186.ENG.MET.REL Weight control system
[59] 20187.ENG.MET.REL Weight control system for engineering
[60] 23042.ENG.MET.STD Company specification design procedures for structural assessment
[61] 23043.NEG.GEN.PRG Blast analysis
[62] 07605.ENG.MET.STD Offshore platform helideck design
[63] 27589.ENG.COR.STD Guidelines for design and construction of cathodic protection
systems
[64] 29000.ENG.CPI.STD Paintings and coatings for offshore and coastal structures
[65] 29003.ENG.CPI.STD External corrosion protection of risers by coatings and linings
[66] 09682.ENG.MET.PRG Optimization criteria for platform orientation
[67] 20411.COS.CNS.STD Offshore Structures Grouting Operations
1.4 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
1.4.1 General Definitions

The Company Standards shall comply with the use of the Company Terminology (Ref. [47]). All
acronyms and abbreviations used in the document are summarized in section 1.4.2.
i. The Company is Eni SpA;

ii. The word shall is used to indicate that a provision is mandatory;
iii. The word should is used to indicate that a provision is not mandatory, but recommended
as good practice.
1.4.2 Specific Terms, Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations (Ref. [47])

⎯ API CSOEM/SC2 - API committee on standardization of oil field equipment and
material/subcommittee on offshore structures
⎯ ASD/WSD - Allowable stress design/Working stress design
⎯ IOGP International association of oil and gas producers
⎯ ISO TC67/SC7 – ISO Technical committee on materials, equipment and offshore
structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries/ subcommittee on
offshore structures
⎯ LRFD Load and resistance factor design or Limit states design
⎯ VIV – Vortex induced vibrations
1.5 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE

In conjunction with this specification, the codes, standards and regulations listed in section 1.3
shall be applicable. Reference to any Standard or Code shall mean the latest edition of that
Standard or Code including addenda, supplements or revisions, unless otherwise stated in this
document.
The order of precedence shall be as follows: (descending order)
i. Local Regulations of the Country where the equipment is installed;

ii. Project Specifications and Data Sheets;
23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 8 of 45
iii. Company General Specifications;

iv. International Codes & Standards
International Standards are at the lower level of hierarchy, their contents, assumed as reference,
is developed and detailed within the Company Specifications considering the specific application
and the area of business in which Eni SpA is operating. On top of those there are the Local
Regulations, the Project Specifications than the Company Specifications. Any applicable local
mandatory rule prevails on this specification. Should there be a perceived conflict between this
standard and other referenced standards, or lack of clear definition as to the applicability of any
specification or standard, the Facilities Technical Units owner of the Standard, shall seek
guidance to the Standard Team.

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 9 of 45
2 DESIGN OF FIXED STEEL STRUCTURES
2.1 GENERAL
The international standards to be used for the design of fixed steel offshore structures shall be:
➢ the ISO 19900 series (prepared by the committee ISO/ TC 67/ SC 7) and the associated
IOGP supplementary specifications;
➢ or the API series (prepared by the committee API/ CSOEM/ SC 2) for offshore structures.
The ISO 19000 series and the API series are mutually exclusive. Once the specification has been
selected, it is not interchangeable at any stage with the other.
Further guidance is also provided for specific themes starting from chapter 5 of this specification.
This guidance is applicable both to ISO and API standards if not otherwise reported.
All the company specifications applicable to the specific project shall be applied to the design of
the fixed steel offshore structures, keeping their prevalence on the international standards,
according to the order of preference defined in the clause 1.5.
As a minimum, but not limited to, a list of the main company specifications to be used in the
design of offshore structures, within the scope of work of this specification (see clause 1.1) is
reported in clause 2.5 and Figure 2.7 and cross referenced throughout the whole of this
specification.
2.2 ISO AND API SERIES

2.2.1 ISO 19900 series
In the following Figure 2.1 the outline of the ISO 19900 series (ISO/ TC 67/ SC 7) for offshore
structures is reported.
Figure 2.1 – ISO 19900 series for offshore structures
The catalogue of ISO/TC67/SC7, including the status of each standard under

development, can be found at the following link:
https://www.iso.org/committee/49622/x/catalogue/
23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 10 of 45
2.2.2 API series

The API series for offshore structures (API/ CSOEM/ SC2) develops and maintains approximately
30 standards on the planning, design and construction.
The main API standards applicable to the design of offshore structures are reported in the
following Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3.
The complete list can be found at the following link:
https://mycommittees.api.org/standards/ecs/sc2/default.aspx
Figure 2.2 – API series for offshore structures
Figure 2.3 – API standard for offshore cranes
In the following Figure 2.4 and Figure 2.5 the correspondence between the ISO series and the
API series for offshore structures is shown.

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 11 of 45
Figure 2.4 – ISO-API correspondence 1/2
Figure 2.5 – ISO-API correspondence 2/2
2.3 LIMIT STATES AND ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

ASD/WSD and LRFD are two separate and distinct design methodologies, which shall not be
mixed when designing a given facility, including the topsides and substructure.
ASD is the allowable stress design method also known as working stress design method – WSD.
LRFD is the load and resistance factor method also known as limit states design method.

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 12 of 45
Figure 2.6 – ASD – LRFD selection
2.3.1 ISO 19900 series

In general, the ISO 19900 series is a limit state design standard (Figure 2.6). Within ISO 19900
series, ISO 19904-1 (floating structures) allows allowable stress design (ASD) or limit state
design methods.
When the supporting structure of a floating structures is designed using ASD methods, ASD
methods may also be used for the topsides structure using a current ASD code compatible with
that used for the supporting structure (see ISO 19901-3).
2.3.2 API series

In general, the API series allows ASD or LRFD (Figure 2.6) such as for topsides structure (API
RP 2TOP), for the substructure (API RP 2A-WSD and API RP 2A-LRFD.
However, the two methodology, as reported above in clause 2.1, are mutually exclusive and
once the method has been selected it is not interchangeable at any stage with the other.
2.4 IOGP SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIFICATIONS

The IOGP Offshore structure specifications task force, supported by JIP 35 (Standardization of
Offshore Structures Specifications) has published the following set of supplementary
specifications to ISO 19900 series that the company has decided to integrate in the own
specification system:
- S-631-01 General requirements for offshore structures – ISO 19900:2019

- S-631-02 Arctic offshore structures – ISO 19906:2019
- S-631-03 Concrete offshore structures – ISO 19903:2019
- S-631-04 Topsides structures – ISO 19901-3:2014
- S-631-05 Foundations – ISO 19901-4:2016
- S-631-06 Weight management – ISO/DIS 19901-5:2020
- S-631-07 Station keeping – ISO 19901-7:2013
- S-631-08 Seismic – ISO 19901-2:2017
- S-631-09 Metocean – ISO 19901-1:2015
- S-631-10 Marine soil investigations – ISO 19901-8:2014
- S-631-11 Fixed steel offshore structures – ISO 19902:2020
23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 13 of 45
The IOGP JIP 35 publications can be found at the following link:
https://www.iogp.org/bookstore/product-category/jip35/
2.5 COMPANY SPECIFICATIONS

The main company specifications that shall be used in the design of the offshore structures within
the scope of work of this specification (see clause 1.1) and to follow the provisions of the
structural integrity management (governed by bp.svi.eng r02, Ref. [48]) are reported in the
following Figure 2.7.
The comprehensive list of the company specifications is reported at the following link:
http://wwweandp.eni.it/TSServices/TAE/STD/Documents.asp
Figure 2.7 – Company specifications for offshore structures

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 14 of 45
3 ISO STANDARDS FOR OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

In the following clauses the main ISO standards for offshore structures design are
commented adding references to the IOGP supplementary specifications, to the
company standards and to further guidance.
3.1 ISO 19900 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS + IOGP SUPPLEMENTARY

SPECIFICATIONS
General requirements for offshore structures design shall be in accordance with ISO 19900 (Ref.
[1]) and the related IOGP supplementary specification S-631-01 (Ref. [28]).
In the following Table 3-1 the IOGP supplementary specifications, the company specifications
associated to each topic and any further guidance are reported.
For ease of reference, the clause numbering of ISO 19900 has been reported in the Table 3-1.
Clauses in ISO 19900, which are not mentioned in this specification, shall remain valid as written
in ISO 19900.

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 15 of 45
IOGP
Company Other
Clause Title Supplementary Guidance
specification references
specification
5 Fundamental requirements
5.1 General S-631-01 - - -
6 Basis for design/assessment
6.2 Platform location and orientation S-631-01 - 06982.ENG.MET.PRG -
7.3 Exposure level
7.3.1 General - Chapter 5 28690.ENG.INT.PRG ISO 19902
11 Model and analysis S-631-01 - - -
12 Quality management
Records and documentation of
12.4 design and construction S-631-01 - - -
Annex Additional information and
A guidance
A.10 Design values and partial factors S-631-01 - - -
Table 3-1 – ISO 19900 – Supplementary specifications, company specifications, guidance and references

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 16 of 45
3.2 ISO 19902 – FIXED STEEL OFFSHORE STRUCTURES + IOGP SUPPLEMENTARY

SPECIFICATIONS
Fixed steel offshore structure design shall be in accordance with ISO 19902:2020 (Ref. [14])
and the related IOGP supplementary specification S-631-11 (Ref. [38]).
In the following Table 3-2 the IOGP supplementary specification and the company specifications
For ease of reference, the clause numbering of ISO 19902:2020 has been used throughout the
Table 3-2.
Clauses in ISO 19902:2020, which are not mentioned in this specification, shall remain valid as
written.

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 17 of 45
IOGP
Company Other
specification
6 Overall considerations
ISO 19905
6.1.4 Jack-ups - Chapter 6 -
series
6.2 Planning
Design for inspection and

6.2.5 - Chapter 7 - ISO 19901-9
maintenance
Service and operational

6.3
considerations
6.3.3 Structural configuration
6.3.3.2 Deck elevation and air gap - Chapter 6 -
6.5 Environmental considerations
Selecting design metocean

6.5.2 S-631-11 - -
parameters and action factors
6.6 Exposure levels 28690.ENG.INT.PRG ISO 19900
ISO 19900, ISO

6.7 Assessment of existing structures 23042.ENG.MET.STD
19901-9

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 18 of 45
IOGP
Company Other
specification
ISO 19900, ISO

6.8 Structure reuse
19901-9
7 General design requirements
7.2 Material properties for steel - - 08832.STR.MME.SPC
7.13 Structural reliability analysis - - 28879.ENG.ING.PRG
Actions for pre-service and

8
removal situations
8.1 General Chapter 6 ISO 19901-6
8.2 General requirements
20186.ENG.MET.REL
8.2.1 Weight control S-631-11 Chapter 8 ISO 19901-5
20187.ENG.MET.REL
8.7 Installation
Actions on the foundation during

8.7.6
installation
ISO 19901-4,
8.7.6.1 General S-631-11 - -
DNVGL-ST-N001
9 Actions for in-place situations

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 19 of 45
IOGP
Company Other
specification
Permanent actions (G) and

9.2
variable actions (Q)
9.2.2 Actions caused by wind - - - ISO 19902
ISO 19904-1 for

9.2.3 Variable action 1, Q1 S-631-11 Chapter 6 - Topsides
structure
ISO 19904-1 for

9.2.7 Carry-down factors S-631-11 - - Topsides
structure
Extreme quasi-static action due

9.4
to wind, waves and current (Ee)
9.4.1 Procedure for determing Ee S-631-11 - -
Direction of extreme wind, waves and

9.4.2 S-631-11 - - ISO 19901-1
current
9.4.5 Vortex induced vibrations - Chapter 6 -
Extreme quasi-static action

9.5 caused by waves only (Ewe) or by
waves and currents (Ewce)

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 20 of 45
IOGP
Company Other
specification
9.5.1 Procedure for determing Ewe and S-631-11 - -

Ewce
9.5.2 Model for hydrodynamic actions
9.5.2.2 Marine growth - Chapter 6 -
9.5.2.3 Drag and inertia coefficients - Chapter 6 -
9.5.2.4 Current blockage - - -
Accidental and abnormal

10
situations
10.2 Vessel collisions
10.2.1 General S-631-11 Chapter 6 -
10.2.2 Collision events S-631-11 - -
10.3 Dropped objects S-631-11 - -
10.4 Fires and explosions - Chapter 6 - ISO 19901-3
11 Seismic design comsiderations
11.3 Seismic reserve capacity factor S-631-11 - -
11.4 Recommendations for ductile design S-631-11 - -

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 21 of 45
IOGP
Company Other
specification
A.11.4 Recommendations for ductile design S-631-11 - -
11.5 ELE requirements
ELE structural and foundation

11.5.2 S-631-11 - -
modelling
11.6 ALE requirements
ALE structural and foundation

11.6.2 S-631-11 - - DNVGL-RP-C208
modelling
11.6.3 Non-linear static pushover analysis S-631-11 - - Ref. A.12.3-2
11.6.4 Time-history analysis S-631-11 - - ASCE 4
Ref. A.11.6-
A.11.6.4 Time-history analysis S-631-11 - -
2/A.11.6-3
12 Structural modelling and analysis
12.3 Modelling
12.3.3.2 Member modelling S-631-11 - -
12.3.7 Soil-structure interaction
12.3.7.1 General S-631-11 - - ISO 19901-4

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 22 of 45
IOGP
Company Other
specification
14 Strength of tubular joints
14.2 Design considerations
14.2.6 Detailing practise S-631-11 - -
14.7 Other joints types S-631-11 - - DNVGL-RP-C208
Ref. A.14.7-1 to
A.14.7 Other joints types S-631-11 - -
A.14.7-5
14.9 Non-circular joints S-631-11 - -
new - 14.11 Bolted connections S-631-11 - -
new - 14.11.1 New build platforms S-631-11 - -
new - 14.11.2 Modifications to existing platforms S-631-11 - -
Strength and fatigue resistance of

15
other structural components
new - 15.4 Conductors
new - 15.4.1 General S-631-11 - -
new - 15.4.2 Conductors guides S-631-11 Chapter 6 -
16 Fatigue

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 23 of 45
IOGP
Company Other
specification
Performing the global stress

16.4
analyses
16.4.1 General S-631-11 - - ASCE 4
16.1 Geometric stress ranges
Stress concentrations factors for

16.10.2
tubular joints
16.10.2.2 Unstiffened tubular joints S-631-11 - - DNVGL-RP-C203
16.14 Further design considerations
16.14.2 Conductors, caissons and risers S-631-11 - -
Miscellaneous load carrying

16.14.4 S-631-11 - -
attachments
Miscellaneous load carrying

A.16.14.4 S-631-11 - - Ref. A.16.14-2
attachments
ISO 19901-
17 Foundation design
4/ISO 19905-1
17.1 General S-631-11 - -
A.17.1 General S-631-11 - - Ref. A.17.1-1
17.2 Design of pile foundation S-631-11 - -

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 24 of 45
IOGP
Company Other
specification
19 Materials
19.1 General - Chapter 6 -
new-19.8 Bolting materials
new-19.8.1 Bolt material selection S-631-11 - -
ISO 19901-3
new-19.8.2 Bolt corrosion protection S-631-11 - - and IOGP S-
631-04
Nut material selection and corrosion

new-19.8.3 S-631-11 - -
protection
Welding, weld inspection and

20
fabrication
20.1 General - Chapter 6 -
Quality control, quality assurance

21
and documentation
21.2 Quality management system S-631-11 - -
21.4 Documentation
21.4.1 General S-631-11 - -

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 25 of 45
IOGP
Company Other
specification
Loadout, transportation and

22 ISO 19901-6
installation
22.4.4 Positioning of the structure
22.4.4.4 On-bottom weight S-631-11 - -
22.5 Pile installation
22.5.6 Drilled and grouted piles S-631-11 Chapter 6 20411.COS.CNS.STD ISO 19901-4
Table 3-2 – ISO 19902 - Supplementary specifications, company specifications, guidance and references

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 26 of 45
3.3 ISO 19901-2 - SEISMIC DESIGN PROCEDURE AND CRITERIA + IOGP

SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIFICATIONS
Seismic design procedure and criteria shall be in accordance with ISO 19901-2:2017 (Ref. [3])
and the related IOGP supplementary specification S-631-08 (Ref. [35]).
In the following Table 3-3 the IOGP supplementary specifications and the company specifications
For ease of reference, the clause numbering of ISO 19901-2:2014 has been used throughout
the Table 3-3.
Clauses in ISO 19901-2:2017, which are not mentioned in this specification, shall remain valid
as written.

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 27 of 45
IOGP
Clause Title Supplementary Guidance Company specification Other references
specification
Seismic design principles and

6 methodology
6.2 Seismic design procedure
6.2.2 Extreme level earthquake design S-631-08 - - ISO 19902
8 Detail seismic action procedure
8.2 Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis S-631-08 - - ISO 19902
Table 3-3 – ISO 19901-2 - Supplementary specifications, company specifications, guidance and references

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 28 of 45
3.4 ISO 19901-3 – TOPSIDES STRUCTURE + IOGP SUPPLEMENTARY

SPECIFICATIONS
Topsides structure design shall be in accordance with ISO 19901-3:2014 (Ref. [4]) and the
related IOGP supplementary specification S-631-04 (Ref. [31]).
In the following Table 3-4 the IOGP supplementary specifications and the company specifications
For ease of reference, the clause numbering of ISO 19901-3:2014 has been reported in the
Table 3-4.
Clauses in ISO 19901-3:2014, which are not mentioned in this specification, shall remain valid
as written in ISO 19901-3:2014.

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 29 of 45
IOGP
specification
6 Design requirements
6.7 Design for fatigue limit states (FLS) S-631-04 - - -
A.6.7 Design for fatigue limit states (FLS) S-631-04
6.9 Robustness S-631-04 - - -
7 Actions
7.1 General S-631-04 - - -
7.4 Vortex-induced vibrations S-631-04 - - DNVGL-RP-C205
7.1 Accidental situations
7.10.1 General S-631-04 - - -
Evaluation of accidental
7.10.2 situations
7.10.2.3 Risk Assessment
7.10.2.3.1 General S-631-04 - - -
7.10.3 Hydrocarbon incidents S-631-04 Chapter 6 23043.NEG.GEN.PRG -
7.10.4 Explosion S-631-04 Chapter 6 23043.NEG.GEN.PRG -

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 30 of 45
IOGP
specification
A.7.10.4 Explosion
A.7.10.4.3 Method of analysis
A.7.10.4.3.1 General S-631-04 Chapter 6 23043.NEG.GEN.PRG -
API RP 2FB
API RP 2TOP
7.10.6 Explosion and fire interaction S-631-04 Chapter 6 23043.NEG.GEN.PRG ISO 23693
A.7.10.6 Explosion and fire interaction
A.7.10.6.1 General S-631-04 Chapter 6 23043.NEG.GEN.PRG -
A.7.10.6.3 Explosion and fire walls S-631-04 Chapter 6 23043.NEG.GEN.PRG -
7.11 Other actions
Chapter 6 (well grid

7.11.2 Conductors S-631-04 arrangement) - -
7.11.6 Bridge supports S-631-04 - - -
Strength and resistance of

8 structural components
8.4.3 Bolted connections S-631-04/S-631-11 - 08832.STR.MME.SPC ISO 19902
ISO 19902/EEMUA 176/API

8.5 Castings S-631-04 - - Spec 2SC

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 31 of 45
IOGP
specification
8 Structural systems
new 9.1.4 Equipment and equipment supports S-631-04 - - -
9.2 Topsides structure design models - - -
9.2.1 General S-631-04 - - -
Support structure model for topsides

9.2.2 design S-631-04 - - -
Modelling for design of equipment

9.2.4 and piping supports S-631-04 - - -
Flare towers, booms, vents and

9.4 similar structures S-631-04 - - -
Helicopter landing facilities

9.5 (helidecks)
CAP 437, ICAO-Annex 14,

9.5.1 General - Chapter 9 07605.ENG.MET.STD Aviation manual
9.5.3 Design actions and resistances - - -
Helicopter emergency landing CAP 437, ICAO-Annex 14,

9.5.3.3 situation S-631-04 - 07605.ENG.MET.STD Aviation manual
9.6 Crane support structure

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 32 of 45
IOGP
specification
API Spec 2C, API RP 2TOP,

9.6.1 General S-631-04 Chapter 9 20414.ENG.INT.STD EN 13852-1
9.8 Bridges S-631-04 - - -
9.12 Fire protection systems S-631-04 - 23043.NEG.GEN.PRG ISO 22899-1
9.13 Penetrations S-631-04 - - -
9.16 Actions due to drilling operations S-631-04 - - -
9.19 Muster areas and lifeboat stations S-631-04 - - -
10 Materials - - -
10.1 General - - 08832.STR.MME.SPC ISO 19902
Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP)

10.5 composite S-631-04 - - -
Fabrication, quality control,

quality assurance and
11 documentation - - -
11.1 General - - 08833.ENG.MME.SDS ISO 19902
11.2 Welding S-631-04 - 08833.ENG.MME.SDS ISO 19902
11.3 Fabrication inspection - - 08833.ENG.MME.SDS ISO 19902

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 33 of 45
IOGP
specification
Quality control, quality assurance

11.4 and documentation - - 08833.ENG.MME.SDS ISO 19902
27589.ENG.COR.STD,
29000.ENG.CPI.STD,
11.5 Corrosion protection - - 29003.ENG.CPI.STD ISO 19902
27589.ENG.COR.STD,
29000.ENG.CPI.STD,
12 Corrosion control - - 29003.ENG.CPI.STD ISO 19902
In-service inspection, monitoring

and maintenance of corrosion
12.5 control - - 20414.ENG.INT.STD ISO 19902
Loadout, transportation and ISO 19901-6, DNVGL-ST-

13 installation S-631-04 - - N0001
In-service inspection and

14 structural integrity management
bp svi eng 004 r02/

20203.VAR.LCI.STD/
20414.ENG.INT.STD/
07669.ENG.INT.PRG/
20181.ENG.INT.STD/
14.1 General - Chapter 7 28879.ENG.ING.PRG ISO 19901-9
Table 3-4 – ISO 19901-3 - Supplementary specifications, company specifications, guidance and references

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 34 of 45
4 API STANDARDS FOR OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

In the following clauses the main API standards for the design of offshore structures are
commented adding references to the company specifications and to further guidance.
The other main API applicable standards and the correspondence with ISO standards are
reported in Figure 2.2, Figure 2.3, Figure 2.4 and Figure 2.5.
4.1 API RP 2A-LRFD – FIXED STEEL OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

Once the LRFD method is selected the design shall be in accordance with API RP 2A-LRFD (Ref.
[15]).
API RP 2A LRFD is not a formal modified adoption of ISO 19902 but very similar, for this reason
the company specifications and the further guidance references reported in the Table 3-2, for
each relevant topic, are still applicable to API RP 2A-LRFD, if not otherwise reported.
4.2 API RP 2A-WSD – FIXED STEEL OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

When the WSD method is selected the design shall be in accordance with API RP 2A-WSD (Ref.
[16]).
The company specifications and the further guidance references reported in the Table 3-2, for
each relevant topic, are still applicable to API RP 2A-WSD, if not otherwise reported.
4.3 API RP 2TOP – TOPSIDES STRUCTURE

Design of topsides structure, including topsides of fixed offshore structure and topsides on the
hulls of floating structures and mobile offshore units (see the limits of applicability in API RP
2TOP), shall be in accordance with API RP 2TOP (Ref. [17]).
API RP 2TOP complements API 2A-WSD, API 2A-LRFD, ISO 19903, API 2FPS, API 2T, ISO 19905-
1, and API 2N, which give requirements for various forms of substructures.
API RP 2TOP is a modified adopted version of ISO 19901-3:2014 (Ref. [4]).
The modifications to ISO 19901-3 that have been made for API 2TOP are based on industry
practices applicable to US waters.
API RP 2TOP allows (see clause 2.2) ASD/WSD and LRFD methods that are two separate and
distinct design methodologies, which shall not be mixed when designing a given facility, including
the topsides and substructure.
Where the substructure is designed using ASD, the ASD method shall also be used for the
topsides structural design utilizing API 2A-WSD.
The company specifications and the further guidance references reported in the Table 3-4, for
each relevant topic, are still applicable to API RP 2A-WSD, if not otherwise reported.

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 35 of 45
5 FURTHER GUIDANCE – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
5.1 EXPOSURE LEVELS

The company specification 28690.ENG.INT.PRG (Ref. [55]) contains an practical procedure for
the evaluation of the exposure levels of the offshore structures.
The definitions of the exposure levels are referred to the previous edition of ISO 19902:2007
and shall be updated according to ISO 19900:2019 (Ref. [1]).
6 FURTHER GUIDANCE – FIXED STEEL OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
6.1 JACK-UPS
In addition to the requirements reported in the clause 6.1.4 of ISO 19902 (Ref. [14]), when a
jacket is to be used in combination with a jack-up drill rig, then future jack-up drill rig assessment
associated issues, including the following, should be evaluated:
- Jack-up drill rig location/orientation next to jacket (e.g., jacket flat face to avoid
interference);
- potential geotechnical concerns.
6.2 DECK ELEVATION AND AIR GAP

Recent studies have shown that the extreme wave values can be exceeded due to 2nd order and
area effects. For this reason, the increased value reported in the ISO clause (6.3.3.2 and
A.6.3.3.2) shall be adopted in the evaluation of the required air gap.
6.3 ACTIONS FOR PRE-SERVICE AND REMOVAL SITUATIONS

In addition to ISO 19902 (Ref. [14]), chapter 8, the IOGP supplementary specifications and ISO
19901-6 (Ref. [6]), pre-service and removal situations are also covered by DNVGL-ST-N001 and
shall be submitted for approval to the Marine Warranty Surveyor (MWS).
6.4 VARIABLE LOADS – LIVE LOADS

As mentioned in the Table 3-2 related to ISO 19902, the variable loads (here named live loads)
that shall be applied to the topsides structure are reported in ISO 19904-1 (Table A.1 “Minimum
local design action intensities for decks”, Ref. [11]). An equivalent table is reported in DNVGL-
OS-C101 (Table D1 “Variable functional loads on deck areas”, Ref. [22].
Typical values used in the local structural design of the topsides structure are the following
(Table 6-1):
Distributed Load
Load type
[kN/m2]
Main deck free areas 20
Laydown areas 20
Lifeboat platforms 9
Process and Utility areas 9
Workshop 9
Control and switch gear room 9
Compression module 9
23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 36 of 45
Distributed Load
Load type
[kN/m2]
Deck under floating floor of switchgear, control
4.5
rooms
Areas between equipment 5
Technical rooms 4
Walkways, staircases and platforms 4,0
Walkways, staircases for inspection only 3,0
Roof of switchgear, control rooms 2.5
Areas not exposed to other functional loads 2.5
Table 6-1 – Typical live loads for topsides structure
Local design of the topsides structure

Each deck flooring (i.e. plates and the associated secondary beams) shall be verified, locally for
the above mentioned applicable distributed loads (see “Local design” case of the table A.1 in ISO
19904-1 and similarly in DNVGL-OS-C101) or for the larger of the actual equipment plus bulk
loads, if worst.
Global design of the topsides structures (primary)

Live loads in the global analysis of the deck (for checks of primary beams, primary frames and
deck columns) may be reduced according to ISO 19904-1 (see “Primary design” case of the table
A.1 in ISO 19904-1 and similarly in DNVGL-OS-C101) and similarly according to DNVGL-OS-
C101.
Global design of the platform

Live loads in the global analysis of the platform (see “Global design” case of the table A.1 in ISO
19904-1 and similarly in DNVGL-OS-C101) may be neglected, apart from the storage and the
laydown area, but typically, from a conservative side, the distributed loads are not completely
ignored, and a minimum live load is applied on each topsides level.
In this last case (global analysis of the platform), for each deck plan, the free area live load
(area between equipment - 5 kN/m2) is applied but reduced proportionally to:
- the free area ratio of the deck plan;

- the concurrency between the various deck plans.
The reduction factor should be evaluated properly according to the characteristics of the specific
topsides design.
Preliminary design of the topsides structure

In case of preliminary design of the topsides structure a simplified and conservative live load is
applied on each plan of the deck, typically:
- 10 kN/m2 on each deck plan, apart from laydown and storage areas;
- 20 kN/m2 on laydown and storage areas.
Future modifications or activities (e.g. rig less equipment, as CTU, wire line or slick line, etc.)
should be taken into account in the definition of the live loads and of their reduction. Therefore,
it is recommended in the design phase to consult the Drilling department to define the live loads
to be applied on the main deck.

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 37 of 45
6.5 VORTEX INDUCED VIBRATIONS (VIV)

IOGP 19902, ISO 19901-3 and the related supplementary specifications contain provisions for
VIV (see Clause 9.11 Local hydrodynamic actions, 12.4.3.3 Transportation and for fatigue 16.3.8
Current and 16.13.2 Vortex induced vibrations) but not an assessment procedure.
The assessment procedure of Vortex induced vibrations (VIV) shall be based on DNVGL-RP-C205
(Ref. [23]) for wave, current and wind.
In case of VIV, fatigue damage should be evaluated taking into account sensitivity of the
damping factors as reported in DNVGL-RP-C205 (Ref. [23]).
Casing risers and all slender components should be checked for vortex shedding effects due to
environmental loads in pre-services and in-place conditions.
6.6 MARINE GROWTH

Marine growth density should be assumed equal to 1.3 t/m3 in absence of site specific values.
6.7 DRAG AND INERTIA COEFFICIENTS

A minimum increase of drag coefficients (Cd) shall be applied to take into account elements not
modelled in the structural analysis (e.g. anodes).
Different values should be assumed for painted and unpainted structures.
Typically, a minimum increase of 3% should be applied in absence of platform specific studies.
For non tubular elements and complex shape (beam shape, boat landing section, etc.) C d and
Cm coefficients should be evaluated according to DNVGL-RP-C205 (Ref. [23].
6.8 ACCIDENTAL SITUATIONS
6.8.1 Vessel collision

Where possible, the risers should be directly attached to jacket legs.
When this is not practically possible a protection should be designed. This riser protection should
be rigid enough to dissipate the impact energy, but not too rigid to avoid damaging the jacket
in case of light boat impact.
Conductors should be installed internally to the jacket structure; when this is not practically
possible the external conductors should be protected by a well protection guard.
However, when practically possible, at least the oil and gas conductors should be installed
internally.
6.8.2 Explosion/Blast and Fire

The company specification 23043.ENG.GEN.PRG is still applicable as regards explosion, fire and
explosion and fire interaction analysis but its requirements shall be updated according to ISO
19901-3 (Ref. [4]) or API RP 2TOP (Ref. [17]) and the related supplementary specifications and
international standards.

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 38 of 45
6.9 MATERIAL SELECTION

Steel material selection shall be in accordance with the company specification
08832.STR.MME.STD (Ref. [56]).
Guidance on other materials than steel is reported in ISO 19901-3 (Ref. [4]) or API RP 2TOP
(Ref. [17]) and in the supplementary specifications S-631-04 (Ref. [31]) and S-631-11 (Ref.
[38]).
6.10 FABRICATION/CONSTRUCTION AND WELDING

Construction and welding requirements, including inspections and acceptance criteria are
reported in the company specification 08833.ENG.MME.SDS.
6.11 CONDUCTORS – WELL GRID ARRANGEMENT AND CHOICE OF THE DRILLING

MEAN
The well grid arrangement and the choice of the appropriated drilling mean shall be developed
through three main steps:
- Step 1 – choice of the drilling mean

- Step 2 – typologies and main characteristics of the drilling means
- Step 3 – well grid interaxis
6.11.1 Step 1 – Choice of the drilling mean

The choice of the drilling mean should be based on the following main points:
1) water depth (e.g. above 100 m a jack-up solution should be not should be not feasible).
2) number of wells to be performed (e.g. 16 wells is the typical limitation for jack-ups
depending by well grid interaxis and specific jack up skidding capabilities.).
3) fluid typology and future management scenario (gas injection, water injection, gas lift,
etc.).
4) typologies of the drilling rig available in the geographical area of interest to take
advantage of technical and commercial synergies.
5) check of existing agreement in the area of interest.
6) new or existing platform (in case of an existing structure a bearing check of the topsides
structure can be critical).
6.11.2 Step 2 – Typologies and main characteristics of the drilling means

In the following the main typologies and characteristics of the drilling/completion/workover
means are reported:
6.11.2.1 Jack-up
The following points and limitations shall be considered about the use of a jack-up as drilling
mean:
1) work area depends on the cantilever skidding longitudinal x transverse capabilities (from
40’x20’ to 75’x30’).
2) no loads are transferred to the topsides structure.
3) a wells bay with variable grid (3x3, 4x4, 3x4, 3x5) is allowed but increasing the number
of slots the interaxis shall be reduced accordingly and considering the constrain of
cantilever skidding system lay out/features (e.g.: interference between BOP stack and
23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 39 of 45
skidding beams).The clearance among the wellheads (and production lines) shall be
verified with drilling, production & maintenance and HSE departments, according to the
operative conditions foreseen (e.g. Rated Working Pressure, size, H2S etc.).
4) the maximum number of slots covered by one jack up single positioning can be up to 16.
This limit can be increased only in particular cases. Multiple jack up positionings can be
also evaluated taking charge of relevant positioning risk, time and costs.
5) when the water depth is greater than forty meters (> 40 m) and when the number of
slots is above sixth (> 6), the platform is required a vertical surface for the jack-up
approach in order to guarantee an adequate clearance between the hull of the jack-up
and the substructure (and /or the jack up spud cans and the platform’s foundations).
6) a minimum clearance shall be guaranteed between the substructure, the topsides
structure (typically the edge of the main deck) and the hull of the jack-up. The required
clearance should be evaluated consulting the drilling department. Typically, a minimum
clearance of three meters (3 m) is required. The clearance can be better defined taking
into account the actual necessity of the skidding (in order to operate on the planned
slots), the accuracy level of the jack-up positioning, especially with high water depth
and/or the main deck elevation of the platform.
7) a minimum vertical clearance shall be guaranteed between the topsides structure and
the cantilever bottom. This clearance can be defined also considering the obstacles
actually located on the topsides of the platform (e.g. production facilities, modules,
platform crane).
8) an adequate clearance between the hull of the jack-up and the subsea structures
(including also the foundation system) shall be also guaranteed.
9) hoisting system capacity can be reduced increasing the distance from selected slot and
transom line of not modern jack up units.
10) maximum water depth of one hundred meters (100 m) with spud penetrations within
fifteen meters (15 m) can be considered as general reference. Other these values the use
of the jack-up shall be evaluated case by case consulting the drilling department
considering as actual reference, the leg length available below the hull of a specific jack
up (covering: leg penetration + water depth + jack up air gap corresponding to the
requested cantilever elevation)
11) it allows approaches from different directions to the platform (such operational versatility
could be valuable for subsequent jack up positionings).
12) it allows to create new wells out of the well bay.
13) it allows to perform the pre-drilling of the wells and to install pre-drilling and docking
piles templates.
14) see clause 6.1 for further recommendations and warnings.
Note: other attention points are:

⎯ definition and operational evaluation regarding the positioning of: flare, crane and boat
landing of the platform.
⎯ definition and operational evaluation of the lines at seabed (pipelines and electric lines
existing or future).
⎯ operational evaluation in case of obstacles or footprints on the sea bottom.
6.11.2.2 Self contained platform rig (FMWR)

The following points and limitations shall be considered about the use of a Self contained Platform
Rig as drilling/completion/ workover mean:
1) work area depends on the plant characteristics.

2) the Self contained Platform Rig transfers its self-weight and the all relevant operational
loads on the topsides structure. So, the structural impact is significant: rig main imposed
loads are supported by a main frame which leans on the capping beams.
3) a wells bay with variable grid (3x3, 4x4, 3x4, 3x5) is allowed but increasing the number
of slots the interaxis shall be reduced accordingly considering the combined constrain of
23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 40 of 45
capping beams interaxis (typically 12 m on Eni platforms) and rig lay out/features (e.g.:
interference between BOP stack/wellhead and main frame on capping beams). The
clearance among the wellheads (and production lines) shall be verified with drilling,
production & maintenance and HSE departments, according to the operative conditions
foreseen (e.g. Rated Working Pressure, size, H2S etc.).
4) equal hoisting system capacity can be considered on all slots.
5) water depth should not affect use of FMWR.
6) accommodation for the drilling & completion people shall be arranged accordingly with
the planned operation.
7) basically self contained platform rig is usually composed by modules rigged up and
positioned on production platform. Rigging up operations can be done by rig
crane/platform crane (Self erecting Rig) or crane barge, depending by the heaviest
module of drilling package (Modular Platform Rig). The rig platform could be used for
rig crane rigging up before drilling rig installation.
Sometimes the rigs are moved off after drilling phase is finished and sometimes, they
stay on site future work-over.
8) it doesn’t allow to carry out the wells pre-drilling.
6.11.2.3 Tender assisted drilling units (TAD)

The following points and limitations shall be considered about the use of a TAD as
drilling/completion/ workover mean:
1) work area depends on the plant characteristics.

2) It consists in a vessel (Tender vessel) and a DES (Drilling Equipment System)
DES package (hoisting & rotation system, rig floor, primary mud solids removal system
and well control equipment) is rigged up, in modules, (by platform crane, tender crane
or crane barge) on the main deck of the platform. The rest of the rig systems (power
generation, mud circulation system, living quarters, pipe rack, materials storage etc..)
remains on the tender unit. A mobile gang way has to be installed for personell
transhipment.
3) in adverse sea conditions or for safety reasons, the tender (barge/ ship or
semisubmersible) could be moved away from the platform; consequently, the umbilicals
have to be disconnected.
4) the Tender Assisted Drilling (TAD) unit transfers the self-weight of Drilling Equipment
System (DES) and all relevant operational loads on the topsides structure.
So, the structural impact is significant: DES main imposed loads are supported by a main
frame which leans on capping beams.
5) a wells bay with fixed grid (2x4, 2x5, 2x8, 2x10) is allowed but increasing the number of
slots the interaxis shall be reduced accordingly, considering the combined constrain of
capping beams interaxis and rig lay out/features (e.g.: interference between BOP
stack/wellhead and DES main frame on capping beams).
6) equal hoisting system capacity can be considered on all slots.
7) water depth can affect use of a specific type of Tender Assisted Rig (e.g.: barge or jack
up or semisubmersible).
8) equal hoisting system capacity can be considered on all slots
9) basically, DES consists of modules rigged up and positioned on production platform by
rig crane installed onboard of the tender vessel.
10) it doesn’t allow to carry out the wells pre-drilling.
6.11.3 Step 3 – Well grid arrangement

The definition of the well grid arrangement and of the slot interaxis shall consider:

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 41 of 45
1) The rig skidding capabilities (longitudinal and transversal).

2) the presence of HIPPS and of its dimension that can require more distances between the
slots.
3) the flowline diameter determines the minimum radius of curvature (greater than 3
diameters).
4) the rating and sizes of the X-trees.
5) the fluid type and its properties (p, V, T) affect the diameter and the thickness of the
flowline and so the evaluation of the slots interaxis.
6) the interaxis between the deck plans to manage the possibility of installing the X-trees
at different levels taking into account their overall sizes, especially in case of future wells.
7) special needs due to the type and characteristics of the fluid (e.g. H 2S requires more free
space between the X-trees to allow movement of the personnel with the appropriated
special PPE (personal protective equipment) having size greater than usual; space for
first aids interventions, other project requirements).
6.12 DRILLED PILES

References – International standards:
The main references are ISO 19901-4 (Ref. [5]) and ISO 19902 (Ref. [14]).
References – Company Specifications:
The main references are 08833.ENG.MME.SDS (Ref. [57]) and 20411.COS.CNS.STD (Ref. [67]).
The following recommendations should be applied in case platform foundations are made of
drilled and grouted pile instead of driven piles. These recommendations are based on a typical
configuration of main pile platform with outer (casing) piles driven up to a certain depth and
inner (insert) piles drilled and grouted inside the outer (casing) piles and the open holes. Care
and engineering judgement shall be placed when applying these recommendations for different
configurations.
Outer pile installed by driving recommendations:
1) Outer pile target penetration, which is mainly defined based on expected depth of hard
soil, shall be also verified with respect to: a) outer pile axial capacity required for
sustaining loads expected during drilling and inner pile installation; b) insurance of
adequate sealing of top of drilled hole based on soil type and strength, weathering and
cementation c) possible variabilities of the depths of the top of hard soil (potentially
deeper or shallower than the levels identified by the site investigation carried out) and
consequent possible adjustments at site during installation in accordance with the local
geotechnical conditions identified during driving.
It has to be noted that, in presence of superficial sediments, outer pile installed by driving
has also the scope to guarantee the shallow hole stability and preserve jacket on bottom
stability (guaranteed by mudmats temporary foundations) during installation phases.
2) When drilling rig is mounted on top of outer piles, considerations relevant to hammer and
associated checks stated in ISO 19902 - par. 17.3.4 “Check for design situation due to
weight of hammer during hammer placement” and par. 17.4 “Length of pile sections”,
should be verified also with respect to drilling system items, where applicable.
Furthermore, when drilling of isolated hard soil layers encountered during driving is
expected, pile section elevations in correspondence of drilling operations should be
checked with respect to drilling contractor recommendations related to drilling rig
accessibility and operability.

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 42 of 45
3) It is recommended to define a project specific criteria for outer pile end of driving / refusal
criteria, taking into account that: a) outer pile shall be able to sustain the loads expected
during drilling and the weight of the inner pile during installation; b) possible local
variability of the level of the hard layer could be found and sealing of the pile within hard
layer shall be guaranteed; c) outer pile shall not be damaged in case rock stronger than
the one assumed in axial pile capacity is encountered.
According to the above, the criteria should give indications during installation to stop
driving since the top of the hard layer is reached and the requirements in terms of needed
axial casing pile capacity are reached. The aim is both to avoid overdriving and pile
damages and to give a guidance during installation if target depth is not reached (due to
the presence of the rock above the expected depth) or it should be exceeded since low
blow counts are measured. This could be evaluated for example predisposing the so called
“hammer performance curves” (blow rate versus SRD) evaluated for the pile at target
depth and with the pile tip at top of rock. Increase of the base resistances in order to
simulate the presence of rock stronger than expected should be also considered. Checks
of pile buckling could also be required in particular if battered piles are adopted, even if
the use of vertical piles is in general preferable.
4) Outer pile ID (internal diameter) should be kept constant and free from any obstacle in
order to avoid any interference with the BHA (Bottom Hole Assembly): Spacers/shim
plates and weld beads, when needed at interface between outer and inner pile, shall be
installed on inner pile side.
5) During outer pile installation, driving conditions shall be accurately monitored. All driving
data (number of blows with depth, hammer energy setting, self-penetrations, etc.) shall
be accurately recorded. Any deviation from the expected pile behavior shall be promptly
communicated and installation procedure adapted to the encountered conditions (i.e. ad
example outer pile target depth deeper than planned if the rock is not encountered).
6) When hard driving conditions are foreseen (for example in case of isolated layers of rocky
soil to be driven before reaching outer pile target penetration) installation of pile
monitoring system should be considered.
7) When high risk of outer pile tip damage is foreseen (for example in case of inclined piles
with hard driving conditions) mobilization of milling tool to be used as remedial action to
mill the damaged pile tip should be considered. Pile tip ovalization during driving should
be adequately prevented by selecting suitable pile tip thickness, D/t values, strength
characteristics. Local buckling/ovalization of piles shall be checked and prevented.
8) Connection of outer pile top to jacket leg with temporary or permanent means before or
after drilling completion should be evaluated considering: a) risk of outer pile lowering
during drilling; b) potential additional loads transferred to temporary foundations; c) risk
that levelling operation could be required.
9) Diameter of BHA used for drilling through the outer pile should be selected with sufficient
gap based also on fabrication tolerances, in order to avoid the BHA to stuck while passing
through.
10) For areas where cemented soil layers are present, as soil characteristics (thickness and
depth of cemented layers) may vary through the site, adequate soil characterization
should be ensured by a specific soil investigation program and soil testing conducted in
correspondence to the actual position where the platform is to be installed. This also to
enable to provide an adequate driving procedure calibrated to the expected soil condition.

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 43 of 45
Inner pile installed by drilling and grouting recommendations:
1) Since the bottom of the drilling hole cannot be easily cleaned, drilling shall be carried out
down to a depth suitable for the inner pile installation taking into account that drilling
cuttings and rock pieces not removed by the air lifting system shall not prevent inner pile
installation. In general, an extra drilling depth below the inner pile base of 1.5-2m is
considered, to be evaluated by drilling contractor taking into account also the dimensions
of the borehole assembly and the under-reaming tools.
2) Drilled hole should be grouted as soon as possible, in order to avoid any detrimental
effect on open hole stability and on friction at grout-soil interface (especially when drilling
mud is used). It is therefore recommended to installed and grout each pile as soon as
drilling and cleaning operations are completed. In order to avoid negative effects
(reduction) on the grout-soil shaft capacity, in general the use of drilling mud is to be
avoided and in any case it shall be accurately evaluated and used only if mandatorily
needed to guarantee the hole stability.
3) During curing of each grouted pile, it should be avoided to perform drilling activities on
other piles. Minimum curing time without disturbance induced by drilling vibrations should
be evaluated based on piles distances, soil type, drilling tools and drilling speed.
Limitations on the transfer of items during the curing process should be documented and
included in the marine operation manual.
4) Simultaneous drilling of two piles should be generally avoided unless, based on points 2)
and 3) above, proposed drilling operation and schedule match with both the avoidance
of disturbance during curing and the minimization of interruptions during pile installation
sequence.
5) Inner pile uplift due to buoyancy induced by grouting operations shall be checked and,
when found to potentially occur, installation of retaining system and/or weighting of the
inner pile shall be considered.
6) Inner pile supports on top of outer pile shall leave enough free space for water / grout
spilling during grouting operations.
7) Number, elevations, positions and layout of grouting lines should be defined taking into
account: a) recommendations of grouting contractor, especially for what concern
maximum grouting pressure; b) recommendations of geotechnical consultant, especially
for what concern hole stability and potential collapses; In any case highest grouting line
exit should be positioned above outer pile bottom elevation; c) recommendations of
construction yard, especially for what concern accessibility inside inner piles and
construction constraints; grouting line position shall be oriented to have seam weld on
inner pile sections at 90° minimum; other potential recommendations are related to
support system and line fittings; d) recommendations of installation contractor, especially
for what concern possible interferences with installation aids, centering/alignment
system, lifting/upending system and for grouting lines offshore completion when inner
piles are made of more than one section.
8) Grouting lines end terminations on top of inner piles should be defined based on grouting
contractor requirements in terms of proposed hose connectors and accessibility
requirements; each grouting lines termination shall be clearly marked for easy
identification.
9) Use of underreamers for enlargement of drilling hole should be carefully assessed, in

particular when: a) casing pile bearing capacity is mainly governed by end bearing
23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 44 of 45
contribution and therefore underreaming below casing pile tip could produce vertical
displacement of the pile. In this situation, the use of stoppers at top of casing pile should
considered; b) underreaming could produce detrimental effects on soil skin friction. This
potential effect should be evaluated with geotechnical consultant based on soil type and
pile and underreamers characteristics.
7 FURTHER GUIDANCE – STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT
7.1 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT

Structural integrity management shall be in accordance with the best practice bp svi eng 004
r02 (Ref. [48]) related to the full life cycle of the platform.
7.1.1 Assessment of existing structures

The company specification related to the assessment of existing platform is 23042.ENG.MET.STD
(Ref. [60]), while the main referenced international standards are ISO 19901-9 (Ref. [9]) and
API RP 2SIM (Ref. [18]).
7.1.2 Inspections and maintenance

Criteria for planning of inspections and maintenance on fixed offshore platforms are reported in
the company specification 07669.ENG.INT.PRG (Ref. [50]).
In addition, the company specification 28879.ENG.ING.PRG (Ref. [54]) reports a first guideline
for the application of the Risk-based approach, semi-quantitative and quantitative to the
Structural Integrity Management of the topsides structure for the definition of the inspections
and maintenance plan.
Description of the procedures and typologies of inspections and maintenance activities applied
to substructures are reported in the company specification 20181.ENG.INT.STD (Ref. [51]).
Criteria and procedure of execution of the cathodic protection inspection of the submerged
structures are reported in 20311.ENG.COR.STD (Ref. [53]).
Description of the procedures and typologies of inspections and maintenance activities related
to the topsides structure are reported in the company specification 20414.ENG.INT.STD (Ref.
[52]).
Information and data management of facilities throughout the project’s full life cycle shall be in
accordance with the company specification 20203.VAR.LCI.STD (Ref. [49]).
8 FURTHER GUIDANCE – WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
8.1 WEIGHT MANAGEMENT

In accordance to the IOGP Supplementary specifications S-631-06 the weight management of
offshore structures shall be in accordance with ISO/DIS 19901-5:2020.
Company specification 20186.ENG.MET.REL (Ref. [58]) and 20187.ENG.MET.REL (Ref. and

[59]) are superseded.

23001.ENG.MET.PRG
Pag. 45 of 45
9 FURTHER GUIDANCE – TOPSIDES STRUCTURE
9.1 HELIDECK DESIGN

The company specification 07605.ENG.MET.STD (2011) is superseded by this specification and
by the most recent requirements of the regulating authority for aviation such as ICAO Annex 14
(Ref. [27]) and CAP 437 (Ref. [20]).
In addition to the ISO 19901-3 requirements, further requirements and guidelines for the design,
the layout and the marking of the helidecks are reported in the aviation manual (SELT-DG-237-
08) and in CAA paper 2008/03 (Ref. [21]).
Special attention shall be given to the layout of the escape routes and of the firefighting
platforms. This layout shall be in accordance with the regulating authority and shall be defined
and verified starting from the first phases of the design.
Lessons learned by the previous projects should be consulted prior the landing facilities layout
definition.
9.2 CRANE SUPPORT STRUCTURES

Crane support structure (typically the pedestal crane), as part of the crane system, shall be
designed and assessed in accordance with the selected offshore crane specifications, such as
API Spec 2C as required by API RP 2TOP or EN 13852-1.
Crane support structure, as part of the topsides structure, shall be verified according to ISO
19901-3 or API RP 2TOP. These standards include strength and fatigue requirements of the
crane support structure.
ISO 19901-3 and API RP 2TOP include also recommendations to minimize excessive crane
motion for operational purposes, to preclude dynamic response of the crane/support structure
system and to avoid resonance problems minimize the dynamic behavior of the pedestal crane.
Supplementary specifications to EN 13852-1 (S-617 and the associated S-617D, S-617L, S-

617Q, Ref. [39], [40], [41], [42]) and to API Spec 2C (S-618 and the associated S-618D, S-
618L, S-618Q, Ref. [43], [44], [45], [46]) shall be satisfied in the design of the crane system
and of the related crane support structures.
10 FURTHER GUIDANCE – OTHER OFFSHORE STRUCTURE
10.1 MOPU – MOBILE OFFSHORE PRODUCTION UNITS

Internal Standard document 28929.ENG.GEN.STD provides practical guidelines to support
Company during concept evaluation and selection phases where the conversion of a mobile
drilling unit (MODU – mobile offshore drilling unit) to a fixed production installation (MOPU –
mobile offshore production unit) can be a cost effective alternative for the development of
offshore fields. The standard identifies a set of minimum technical requirements which could
allow to anticipate the identification of any potential weakness and criticality affecting the future
in-service life cycle, maximizing the refurbishment and reinforcing activities on-shore during the
project execution phase, and minimizing any offshore future intervention which may represent
additional costs and risks for the asset.


Design of Fixed Steel Platforms

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design of Fixed Steel Platforms

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

COMPANY DESIGN CRITERIA

DESIGN OF FIXED STEEL PLATFORMS

ABSTRACT The purpose of this document is to provide requirements and

Rev. 01: Actual revision is of 46 pages and of 0 attachments

Eni personnel can access company standard repository at:

External user shall refer to the Project Engineer Manager.

ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD

5.1 EXPOSURE LEVELS 35

ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD

1 SCOPE AND GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

1.2 DISTRIBUTION AND INTENDED AUDIENCE

1.3 REFERENCES DOCUMENTS AND NORMATIVES

1.3.1 ISO International standards

ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD

1.3.2 API International standards

1.3.3 Other International standards

1.3.4 IOGP supplementary specifications

1.3.5 Company specifications

[52] 20414.ENG.INT.STD Inspection of offshore platform topsides structure

1.4 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

1.4.1 General Definitions

i. The Company is Eni SpA;

1.4.2 Specific Terms, Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations (Ref. [47])

1.5 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE

The order of precedence shall be as follows: (descending order)

i. Local Regulations of the Country where the equipment is installed;

iii. Company General Specifications;

ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD

2 DESIGN OF FIXED STEEL STRUCTURES

2.2 ISO AND API SERIES

Figure 2.1 – ISO 19900 series for offshore structures

The catalogue of ISO/TC67/SC7, including the status of each standard under

2.2.2 API series

The complete list can be found at the following link:

Figure 2.2 – API series for offshore structures

Figure 2.3 – API standard for offshore cranes

ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD

Figure 2.4 – ISO-API correspondence 1/2

Figure 2.5 – ISO-API correspondence 2/2

2.3 LIMIT STATES AND ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD

Figure 2.6 – ASD – LRFD selection

2.3.1 ISO 19900 series

2.3.2 API series

2.4 IOGP SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIFICATIONS

- S-631-01 General requirements for offshore structures – ISO 19900:2019

The IOGP JIP 35 publications can be found at the following link:

2.5 COMPANY SPECIFICATIONS

Figure 2.7 – Company specifications for offshore structures

ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD

3 ISO STANDARDS FOR OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

3.1 ISO 19900 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS + IOGP SUPPLEMENTARY

ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD

ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD

3.2 ISO 19902 – FIXED STEEL OFFSHORE STRUCTURES + IOGP SUPPLEMENTARY

ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD

Design for inspection and

Service and operational

6.3.3 Structural configuration

6.3.3.2 Deck elevation and air gap - Chapter 6 -

6.5 Environmental considerations

Selecting design metocean