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Mahatmagandhiandnationalmovements 131125203927 Phpapp02
Mahatmagandhiandnationalmovements 131125203927 Phpapp02
Mahatma Gandhi
A Quick Glance
By –
Ashiq Muhammed.A
K.V. Pattom(Shift-1)
CONTENTS
• About Gandhi -Influence on Gandhiji’s ideology
• His life in SA
• New Phase in India’s struggle
• Gandhi’s methods and directions
• Circumstances leading to Non-Cooperation Movement
• Non Cooperation Movement
• Events leading to the Civil Disobedience Movement
• Civil Disobedience Movement
• Round Table Conferences
• Renewal of Civil Disobedience Movement (1932-34)
About Gandhi
1. Satyagraha
2. Swadeshi
3. Value Based Politics
4. Mass Movement
5. Concern for the poor and the oppressed
6. Non Co operation Movement
1. SATYAGRAHA
1. Simon Commission
2. Recommendations of the Commission
3. The Congress Session at Lahore
1. Simon Commission 1927
• A Commission would be set up to assess the merits of the
Govt of India Act of 1919 at the end of 10 years, in order
to advise the Govt about the next step to be taken.
• After its chairman Sir John Simon.
• The Commission was - to tour the country- meet various
political leaders- and tell govt about the next constitutional
reforms.
• All white and no Indian.
• Leaders and people were arrested on 5th May 1930,Congress was declared
illegal, Hartals all over the country, 60,000 were imprisoned, firing at 29
places, Sholapur at Maharashtra became almost independent.
• British failed to suppress the movement. More the repression greater was
the determination of the Congress volunteers. Passive resistance of the
Congress volunteers against the lathi charges and firing aroused
admiration of non Congressmen.
• North West Frontier Province, a Muslim area joined the NM under the
leadership of KAGK.
• Band of Volunteers ‘Red Shirts’ paralysed the Govt, Gharwal Regiment
posted at NWFP refused to fire on the RSV also called as Kudhai
Khidmatgars
• Disobedience of Govt order was a bad Omen for the Govt and began to
think ofconciliation.
RTC
• Change in Govt in England- Labour Party led by Ramsay Mac Donald.
• Lord Irwin the Viceroy announced that a RTC of British statesmen and
Representatives of British India and Indian States would be held in
London in November. 1930.
• To find an acceptable solution to the Indian Leaders for a political
settlement.
• The Congress reacted unfavorably.
• Congress wanted summoning of a Constituent Assembly to draft a
Constitution for India.
• British Govt refused and went ahead with its plan of RTC.
• Congress decided to Boycott and decided to launch another CDM.
•
Bidding farewell to his countrymen from the
promenade deck of S.S. Rajputana
to attend the Round Table Conference in
London. August 29, 1930
Gandhi Irwin Pact
• Realisation of British Govt.
• Thought –they could not underestimate the genuine feelings of
nationalism.
• British were eager to compromise.
• Sir Tej Bahdur Sapru and D. Jaykar became the mediators.
• Leaders were released from jail in Jan 1931.
• Understanding between Gandhiji and Irwin- Concluded a pact known
as GIP.
Gandhiji side-CDM was called off, Gandhiji agreed to attend II RTC in
London, agreed to stop boycotting British goods,
Govt side- Viceroy agreed to withdraw ordinances promulgated against
CDM, release people from jail, return the seized property, allowed the
peaceful picketing of liquor and opium shops and allow people living
within some distance of the seas shore to collect or manufacture salt,
free from any tax or duty.
II RTC- 1931
• Sole representative form Congress- Mahatma Gandhi.
• Narrow objects of Muslims Sikhs Christians and princes and planters.
• Gandhiji pressed for immediate and full responsible Govt.
• No agreement communal representation.
• Disgusted Gandhiji left England in December 1931.