Investigating Oceanography 2nd Edition Sverdrup Test Bank 1

Investigating Oceanography
2nd Edition Sverdrup Test

Bank
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Chapter 05 Test Bank Key

1. The relative molar abundance of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in marine phytoplankton can be
expressed in a relationship called the ________ ratio.
redfield
Blooms: 1. Remember
Chapter: 05 The Chemistry of Seawater
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe the relative abundance of nutrients important for phytoplankton growth.
Section: 05.04 Nutrients and Organics
Topic: Nutrients and Organics
2. The salinity of a water sample can be determined by multiplying its ________ by 1.80655.
chlorinity
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe how salinity can be easily estimated.
Section: 05.01 Salts
Topic: Salts
3. An ion with a positive charge is called a ________.
cation
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe the properties of ions.
Topic: Salts
5-1
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4. An ion with a negative charge is called an ________.
anion
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
5. Identify the four seawater constituents that are present in the highest concentration.
X magnesium
__ bromide
X sodium
X chloride
__ calcium
__ potasium
X sulfate
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Review the major constituent ions in seawater in order of their concentration.
Topic: Salts
6. The polar nature of water molecules aids in water's solvent abilities.
TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Explain why water is an effective solvent.
Topic: Salts
7. The dissolving ability of water is related to
A. attraction between the water molecule's positive and negative charges and charges on other
atoms.
B. its ability to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules.
C. its ability to transmit energy from water molecule to water molecule.
D. attraction between the water molecule's positive and negative charges and charges on other
atoms and its ability to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules.
E. attraction between the water molecule's positive and negative charges and charges on other
atoms, its ability to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules, and its ability to transmit energy from
water molecule to water molecule.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Explain why water is an effective solvent.
Topic: Salts
8. Salinity of seawater is approximately equal to the total dissolved salts in seawater expressed as grams
of salt per kilogram of seawater.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe how you express the salinity of seawater.
Topic: Salts
5-2
9. The chemical constituents of sea salt that are not utilized or altered by biological processes are called
nonconservative.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe the difference between conservative and nonconservative constituents of seawater.
Topic: Salts
10. Nutrients and dissolved gases in seawater are considered conservative substances.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe the difference between conservative and nonconservative constituents of seawater.
Section: 05.02 Gases
Topic: Gases
11. Seawater percolating through the fractured crust along ridge systems acts to both remove salts from
and add salts to seawater.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Review the sources of major constituent ions in seawater in order of their concentration.
Topic: Salts
12. Formation of evaporites acts to add salts to seawater.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
13. The rule of constancy of composition of sea salts for open-ocean water specifies that regardless of the
salinity, the major ions always appear in the same ratio to each other.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe how variable salinity impacts the relative abundance of the major constituent ions.
Topic: Salts
14. When the salinity of a seawater sample changes, the ratio of the major salt ions does not change.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe how variable salinity impacts the relative abundance of the major constituent ions.
Topic: Salts
5-3
15. Instruments used to measure the electrical conductivity of seawater can produce continuous readings
of salinity with depth or continuous readings of salinity with time at a fixed depth.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe one way of measuring ocean salinity with depth.
Topic: Salts
16. Cold seawater holds less oxygen than warm seawater at the same pressure and salinity.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Diagram the distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide with depth.
Topic: Gases
17. Anoxic water contains too much oxygen.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Gases
18. More oxygen is found in surface waters at lower latitudes than in surface waters at polar latitudes.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Gases
19. Carbon dioxide concentrations in seawater increase with depth.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Gases
20. In the process called osmosis, water naturally travels through a semipermeable membrane from the
side of low salt concentration to the side of high salt concentration.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast two different methods of desalination.
Section: 05.05 Practical Considerations: Salt and Water
Topic: Practical Considerations: Salt and Water
21. The process of reverse osmosis uses pressure to separate fresh water from salt water through a
semipermeable membrane.
5-4
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
22. The oceans are a major contributor of oxygen to the earth's atmosphere.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe the exchange of oxygen between the ocean and the atmosphere.
Topic: Gases
23. When salt-forming ions are placed in water they combine with each other and form solids.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe the effect of the polar nature of the water molecule on ions in solution.
Topic: Salts
24. Acid rain falling on seawater has little effect on the pH of the oceans.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe the pH scale and explain the role of carbon dioxide in buffering seawater pH.
Section: 05.03 Carbon Dioxide and the Ocean
Topic: Carbon Dioxide and the Ocean
25. An ion with a negative charge is a cation.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
26. The saturation value of oxygen in seawater increases as the temperature increases.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Gases
27. Surface values of dissolved oxygen may exceed 100% saturation.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Gases
5-5
28. An ion with a positive charge is known as a cation.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
29. Surface salinities at high latitudes tend to be greater in summer than winter.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Sketch the pattern of high and low sea surface salinity on a map of the world's oceans.
Topic: Salts
30. The proportions of the major salts in seawater are constantly changing.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Discuss the relative abundance of major constituent ions in seawater.
Topic: Salts
31. The percentage of oxygen dissolved in seawater is greater in surface waters than in the deep ocean.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Gases
32. If the salinity of ocean water is 36‰, there are ______g of salt left from evaporating 2kg of seawater.
A. 9
B. 18
C. 36
D. 54
E. 72
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
33. The average salinity of the oceans is about ______ parts per thousand (‰).
A. 30
B. 35
C. 37
D. 40
E. 45
Blooms: 1. Remember
5-6
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
34. Sources of the oceans' salts are believed to include
A. Earth's crust.
B. Earth's early atmosphere.
C. volcanic eruptions.
D. Earth's crust and Earth's early atmosphere.
E. Earth's crust, Earth's early atmosphere, and volcanic eruptions.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
35. Ions are removed from seawater most effectively by
A. evaporation.
B. freezing.
C. adsorption.
D. bacterial action.
E. None of these are correct; one method is not more effective than another.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
36. If a chemical is not very abundant in the ocean but has a high rate of delivery to the ocean from land
sources, it will have a __________ residence time in the ocean and will ________ become part of the
seafloor sediments.
A. long; quickly
B. long; slowly
C. short; quickly
D. short; slowly
E. variable; variably
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Calculate the residence time of an ion given its concentration and rate of supply.
Topic: Salts
37. Which situations cause an ion to have a long residence time in the oceans?
A. A high rate of ion addition

B. A rapid rate of reaction with other substances
C. Small total amount of ion present
D. A high rate of ion addition and a rapid rate of reaction with other substances acting together
E. None of these are correct.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
38. The major ionic constituents of sea salt are normally found to
5-7
A. have a constant ratio of each constituent to each other.
B. behave as conservative materials.
C. have the same ratio to each other even when diluted by rainwater.
D. All of these are correct.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
39. Dittmar analyzed approximately seventy seawater samples collected around the world during the
Challenger Expedition. He concluded that
A. seawater had the same salinity worldwide.

B. salt content changes due to processes that add or subtract salt.
C. the major ions were always present in the same ratios.
D. dissolved gases are always present in the same ratios.
E. the major ions were always present in the same ratios and dissolved gases are always present in
the same ratios.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
40. Salinity may be measured by checking the water's
A. viscosity.
B. temperature.
C. conductivity.
D. pressure.
E. surface tension.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
41. Electrical conductivity readings at a known temperature measure
A. salinity.
B. temperature.
C. pressure.
D. viscosity.
E. density.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
42. Sources of oxygen in the open sea include
A. the atmosphere.
B. photosynthesis.
C. respiration and decay.
D. the atmosphere and photosynthesis.
5-8
E. photosynthesis and respiration and decay.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Gases
43. The depth at which the rate of photosynthesis balances the rate of plant respiration is known as the
A. saturation value depth.

B. compensation depth.
C. gas equilibrium depth.
D. photosynthesis cutoff depth.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Gases
44. Carbon dioxide in seawater keeps the water's pH
A. slightly alkaline.
B. strongly alkaline.
C. slightly acid.
D. strongly acid.
E. neutral.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
45. The pH of seawater is regulated by
A. carbon dioxide.
B. oxygen.
C. temperature.
D. pressure.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
46. Which of these processes results in the transfer of the carbon from carbon dioxide to the deep sea?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
C. Decay
D. Photosynthesis and decay
E. Photosynthesis, respiration, and decay
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Gases
47. Which of the following chemicals is commercially extracted from seawater?
5-9
A. Sulfur
B. Gold
C. Manganese
D. Bromine
E. Phosphate
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
48. A device used to separate fresh water from salt water using heat is called a(n)
A. osmometer.
B. dialysis machine.
C. still.
D. ion exchange column.
E. salt fountain.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
49. Electrodialysis produces ________ from low-salinity seawater.
A. bromine and magnesium

B. energy
C. fresh water
D. oxygen and carbon dioxide
E. table salt (sodium chloride)
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
50. The concentration of carbon dioxide in surface water is low, whereas the concentration of oxygen is
high because of the
A. difference in solubility of the gases.

B. exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the ocean.
C. photosynthesis process.
D. respiration of plants and animals.
E. conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Gases
51. The total change in concentration of carbon dioxide with depth is small because
A. carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid and bicarbonate.
B. decay occurs at all depths.
C. photosynthesis occurs only at the surface.
D. carbon dioxide is added directly from the atmosphere.
E. carbon dioxide reacts with oxygen.
5-10
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
52. Trace elements in seawater are
A. toxic to marine life forms.

B. necessary for many marine life forms.
C. found in concentrations suitable for commercial use.
D. significant components of the total salt content of seawater.
E. in higher concentrations at lower salinities.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
53. The residence time of an ion in the oceans may be determined by
A. multiplying the input rate by the output rate.

B. multiplying the total amount of the ion by either input or output rate.
C. dividing the total amount of the ion by either input or output rate.
D. dividing ionic concentration by input or output rate.
E. multiplying ionic concentration by total amount of the ion.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
54. Which ion has the shortest residence time in the oceans?
A. Chloride
B. Sodium
C. Potassium
D. Sulfate
E. Iron
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
55. Seawater taken from an area with a large, growing plant population has a
A. low CO2 and high nutrient content.

B. low O2 and low nutrient content.
C. high O2 and low nutrient content.
D. high O2 and high CO2 content.

Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Identify the three ions considered important marine nutrients.
56. Nutrients are non-conservative constituents of seawater because they
5-11
A. maintain constant ratios to each other.
B. do not maintain constant ratios to each other.
C. are recycled into plants and animals.
D. maintain constant ratios to each other and are recycled into plants and animals.
E. do not maintain constant ratios to each other and are recycled into plants and animals.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Identify the three ions considered important marine nutrients.
57. The rate at which the oceans absorb carbon dioxide is controlled by
A. temperature, salinity and pressure.

B. pH.
C. mixing and circulation processes.
D. temperature, salinity and pressure, pH, and mixing and circulation processes.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Gases
58. Which desalination process requires the least energy?
A. Reverse osmosis
B. Distillation
C. Ion exchange
D. Freezing
E. Electrodialysis
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
59. Which latitudinal area tends to have the highest average surface salinity?
A. Polar areas (80o to 90o)

B. Equatorial areas (0o-10o)
C. Tropics (25o-30o)
D. Midlatitudes (60o)
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Sketch the pattern of high and low sea surface salinity on a map of the world's oceans.
Topic: Salts
60. Which of the following ions has the highest concentration in seawater?
A. Na+
B. Cl-
C. Mg2+
D. K+
E. Ca2+
5-12
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
61. Which gas has the highest concentration throughout the entire ocean?
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Nitrogen
D. Argon
E. Concentrations vary with time
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Gases
62. Sea surface salinity is a function of _________ and __________.
precipitation; evaporation
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Explain how sea surface salinity is modified by evaporation, precipitation, and runoff from the continents.
Topic: Salts
63. The process of adherence of ions and molecules onto a particle's surface is called _______.
adsorption
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
64. Check each of the following constitutents of seawater that are conservative constituents.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
65. The residence time of iron and sodium in the oceans is approximately the same.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
66. Profiles of the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in seawater from the surface to a depth of
about 800 m are mirror images of each other.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
5-13
Topic: Gases
67. The depth at which the rate of photosynthesis balances the rate of respiration is called the _______
depth.
compensation
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Gases
68. The ratio of chlorine to sodium in seawater is about 1.8.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Salts
69. In order to change the pH of water by one integer number (from 7 to 8 or from 8 to 7 for instance) you
would have to change the concentration of the hydrogen ion by a factor of
A. 1000.
B. 500.
C. 100.
D. 50.
E. 10.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
70. Carbon dioxide is added to seawater by
A. photosynthesis.
B. respiration.
C. decomposition.
D. transfer from the atmosphere.
E. respiration, decomposition and transfer from the atmosphere.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Topic: Gases
5-14
Chapter 05 Test Bank Summary
Category # of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 61
Blooms: 1. Remember 70
Chapter: 05 The Chemistry of Seawater 70
Gradable: automatic 70
Learning Outcome: Calculate the residence time of an ion given its concentration and rate of supply. 5
Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast two different methods of desalination. 5
Learning Outcome: Describe how salinity can be easily estimated. 1
Learning Outcome: Describe how variable salinity impacts the relative abundance of the major 2
constituent ions.
Learning Outcome: Describe how you express the salinity of seawater. 1
Learning Outcome: Describe one way of measuring ocean salinity with depth. 1
Learning Outcome: Describe the difference between conservative and nonconservative constituents of 2
seawater.
Learning Outcome: Describe the effect of the polar nature of the water molecule on ions in solution. 1
Learning Outcome: Describe the exchange of oxygen between the ocean and the atmosphere. 1
Learning Outcome: Describe the pH scale and explain the role of carbon dioxide in buffering seawater 5
pH.
Learning Outcome: Describe the properties of ions. 4
Learning Outcome: Describe the relative abundance of nutrients important for phytoplankton growth. 1
Learning Outcome: Diagram the distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide with depth. 16
Learning Outcome: Discuss the relative abundance of major constituent ions in seawater. 1
Learning Outcome: Explain how sea surface salinity is modified by evaporation, precipitation, and 1
runoff from the continents.
5-15
Learning Outcome: Explain why water is an effective solvent. 2
Learning Outcome: Identify the three ions considered important marine nutrients. 2
Learning Outcome: Review the major constituent ions in seawater in order of their concentration. 1
Learning Outcome: Review the sources of major constituent ions in seawater in order of their 16
concentration.
Learning Outcome: Sketch the pattern of high and low sea surface salinity on a map of the world's 2
oceans.
Section: 05.01 Salts 38
Section: 05.02 Gases 18
Section: 05.03 Carbon Dioxide and the Ocean 5
Section: 05.04 Nutrients and Organics 4
Section: 05.05 Practical Considerations: Salt and Water 6
Topic: Carbon Dioxide and the Ocean 5
Topic: Gases 18
Topic: Nutrients and Organics 4
Topic: Practical Considerations: Salt and Water 6
Topic: Salts 38
5-16

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Investigating Oceanography

2nd Edition Sverdrup Test

Test Bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-

Solution Manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-

Chapter 05 Test Bank Key

3. An ion with a positive charge is called a ________.

6. The polar nature of water molecules aids in water's solvent abilities.

7. The dissolving ability of water is related to

12. Formation of evaporites acts to add salts to seawater.

17. Anoxic water contains too much oxygen.

19. Carbon dioxide concentrations in seawater increase with depth.

25. An ion with a negative charge is a cation.

27. Surface values of dissolved oxygen may exceed 100% saturation.

34. Sources of the oceans' salts are believed to include

35. Ions are removed from seawater most effectively by

A. A high rate of ion addition

A. seawater had the same salinity worldwide.

40. Salinity may be measured by checking the water's

41. Electrical conductivity readings at a known temperature measure

42. Sources of oxygen in the open sea include

A. saturation value depth.

44. Carbon dioxide in seawater keeps the water's pH

45. The pH of seawater is regulated by

47. Which of the following chemicals is commercially extracted from seawater?

49. Electrodialysis produces ________ from low-salinity seawater.

A. bromine and magnesium

A. difference in solubility of the gases.

52. Trace elements in seawater are

A. toxic to marine life forms.

53. The residence time of an ion in the oceans may be determined by

A. multiplying the input rate by the output rate.

A. low CO2 and high nutrient content.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

56. Nutrients are non-conservative constituents of seawater because they

A. temperature, salinity and pressure.

58. Which desalination process requires the least energy?

A. Polar areas (80o to 90o)

62. Sea surface salinity is a function of _________ and __________.

68. The ratio of chlorine to sodium in seawater is about 1.8.

70. Carbon dioxide is added to seawater by

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62. Sea surface salinity is a function of _ and __.