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Practical Research 2
Quarter 3 – Module 1:
The Nature of Quantitative Research
NegOr_Q3_Practical Research2_Module1_v2
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Practical Research 2 for Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1: The Nature of Quantitative Research
Second Edition, 2021
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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will
tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your
facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end
of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer
keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using
these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on
your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the
instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
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What I Need to Know
Learning Competencies
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Describe the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses of each kind of
Quantitative Research CS_RS12-Ia-C-1
2. Realize the importance and application of Quantitative research across
fields CS_RS12-Ia-C-2
3. Differentiate the nature of variables and their uses CS_RS12-Ia-C-3
What I Know
Act i v i t y 2
What’s New
Task 3
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What is It
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The researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or computer
software, to collect numerical data.
Weaknesses
Strengths
1. No human
1. Reliability by
perception and
critical analyzed.
beliefs.
2. Short time frame Quantitative
Research 2. Lack of
for administered
resources for
survey. Methodology
large scale
3. Facilitated Approach
research.
numerical data for
3. No depth
groups and extents of
experience
agree or disagree from
description.
respondents.
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TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
The term research can mean any sort of “systematic research in any field
of inquiry” (Kabir, 2016). Basic research is concerned with clarifying underlying
processes, with the hypothesis usually expressed as a theory. On the other
hand, applied research is interested in examining the effectiveness of particular
educational practices. Researchers engaged in applied research studies may or
may not want to investigate the degree to which certain theories are useful in
practical settings.
Experimental Research
Experimental research is the most conclusive of scientific methods
because the researcher actually establishes different treatments and then
studies their effects. Results from this type of research are likely to lead to the
most clear-cut interpretation. It is very popular in natural sciences such as the
Science Investigatory Project (SIP) in the junior high school.
Correlational Research 15
Correlational research is a type of research that is done to determine
relationships among two or more variables and to explore their implications
for cause and effect. An example question for correlational research is, Is there
a relationship between student’s academic performance and availability of
ICTs at home? Here, you are going to gather the data and investigate the extent
of relationship between the academic performance andavailability of ICT at
home. Perhaps, you can assume that students with more ICTs available at
home have better academic performance. But, without manipulating the data,
the researcher has to test using a statistical tool if your assumption is right.
Causal-Comparative
Causal comparative is a type of research that is intended to determine
the cause for or the consequences of differences between groups of people.
Suppose you want to determine whether students from single-parent families
do more poorly in his/her course than students from two-parent families.
Here, you might compare two groups of students who already belong to one
or the other type of family to see if they differ in their achievement. Suppose
the groups do differ, you can only conclude that the difference does exist.
However, you cannot conclude that the difference in the family situation
produced the difference in achievement. It’s because there are other factors
that may have caused/contributed the difference.
Survey Research
Survey research obtains data to determine specific characteristics of a
group. For an instance, you want to find out how the students feel about the
Modular Learning Modality and what they like about this approach. You may
get the data through a variety of survey techniques that measure their views
about the modular approach. A descriptive survey involves asking the same
set of questions of a large number of individuals using a questionnaire.
You can also gather the data through interview. Data will be tabulated and
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reported.
VARIABLES
A variable is a concept, a noun that stands for variation within a class of
objects, such as chairs, gender, eye color, achievement, motivation, or running
speed. Even style and lust for life are variables.
Independent Dependent
variable(s) Variable(s)
(presumed or possible (presumed result)
cause)
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What’s More
Act i vi t y 4:
Directions: Copy the diagram on your notebook and do what are asked.
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1. What is a Quantitative Research?
Act i v i t y 5
I thought
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I learned that
What I Can Do
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Assessment
Directions. Read and analyze the statements below. Write True if the
statement is correct and False if it is wrong. Write youranswers in
your activity notebook.
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Activity 1
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. True
7. True
Activity 2: Answers may vary
Activity 3: Answers may vary
Activity 4: Answers may vary
Activity 5: Answers may vary
Activity 6: Answers may vary
Activity 7: Assessment
Answer Key
Glossary
Dependent variable - the variable that depends on other factors that are
measured. These variables are expected to change as
a result of an experimental manipulation of the
independent variable or variables. It is the presumed
effect.
Independent variable - the variable that is stable and unaffected by the
other variables you are trying to measure. It refers to
the condition of an experiment that is systematically
manipulated by the investigator. It is the presumed
cause.
Variable -in research simply refers to a person, place,
thing, or phenomenon that you are trying to measure in
some way.
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References
Books
Babbie, Earl R. The (2010). Practice of Social Research. 12th ed. Belmont,
CA: Wadsworth Cengage.
Tudy, Randy & Tudy, Ida & Bayod, Rogelio & Ararao, Charlene. (2019).
Learning the Fundamentals of Quantitative Research.
Online
Bit.ly/intro2research
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