The Global Architectural Process History

THE GLOBAL
ARCHITECTURAL
PROCESS
HISTORY
Characteristic examples
for the Course of lectures
by Dr. Konstantin I.Samoilov,
Almaty, 2023
THE GLOBAL ARCHITECTURAL PROCESS HISTORY
Albums of characteristic examples for the Educational course / by Dr. Konstantin I.Samoilov, Almaty, 2023
UDC 72.03
THE GLOBAL ARCHITECTURAL PROCESS HISTORY /

Characteristic examples for the Course of lectures by Dr. Konstantin I.Samoilov. -
Almaty, 2023. – 492 p.
Methodical edition for the course of lectures on the “General History of Architecture”. The course consists of 30
Lectures (2 credits). The illustrative material of each lecture is arranged in 15 tables (maps, charts,
Book covers, drawings, photographs of buildings, portraits of authors).
This book is a revised and expanded version of the previously published material: THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
FROM PREHISTORIC TO MODERN TIMES: Albums of characteristic examples for the Educational course / by Dr.
Konstantin I.Samoilov. – Almaty, 2017. – 410 p.
2
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6
The 1st Lecture: EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC-THEORETICAL SOURCES ……………………………………… 8
The 2nd Lecture: THE PREHISTORIC ERA’s ARCHITECTURE ………………………………………………………….. 24
The 3rd Lecture: THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE …………………………………………………………... 40
The 4th Lecture: THE ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIAN AND PERCIAN ARCHITECTURE ……………………………….. 56
The 5th Lecture: THE ANCIENT GREEK ARCHITECTURE ………………………………………………………………. 72
The 6th Lecture: THE ANCIENT ROMAN ARCHITECTURE ……………………………………………………………… 88
The 7th Lecture: THE MEDIEVAL EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURE ………………………………………………………. 104
The 8th Lecture: THE EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURE OF 15th – 16th CENTURIES..…………………………….......... 120
The 9th Lecture:THE MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE CAUCASUS, THE MIDDLE EAST AND
THE MAGHREB ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………. 136
The 10th Lecture: THE ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL CENTRAL ASIAN ARCHITECTURE ……………………………... 152
The 11th Lecture: THE CHINESE ARCHITECTURE HISTORY UP TO THE MIDDLE OF THE 19th CENTURY ……. 168
The 12th Lecture: THE MEDIEVAL SOUTHEAST AND EAST ASIAN ARCHITECTURE ……………………………… 184
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The 13th Lecture: THE ANCIENT AND THE MEDIEVAL CENTRAL AMERICA ARCHITECTURE …………………. 200
The 14th Lecture: THE EASTERN EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURE OF 11th – 19th CENTURIES ………………………. 216
The 15th Lecture: THE WESTERN EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURE OF 17th – 18th CENTURIES …………………….. 232
The 16th Lecture: THE WORLD’s ARCHITECTURE OF 1800’s – 1880’s ………………………………………………. 248
The 17th Lecture: THE WORLD’s ARCHITECTURE OF THE 1890’s ……………………………………………………. 264
The 21st Lecture: THE WORLD’s ARCHITECTURE OF THE 1930’s ……………………………………………………. 328
The 22nd Lecture: THE WORLD’s ARCHITECTURE OF THE 1940’s ………………………………………………. ….. 344
The 23rd Lecture: THE WORLD’s ARCHITECTURE OF THE 1950’s ……………………………………………………. 360
4
Recommended educational and scientific-theoretical sources ………...…………………………………………….. 488
Briefly about the Author …………………………………………………………………………………………………... 491
5
INTRODUCTION
This selection generated for information purposes of the Educational course “THE GENERAL
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE” / “THE GLOBAL ARCHITECTURAL PROCESS HISTORY”:
2 credits / 30 hours of lectures.
Until the end-19th century, examples are grouped by region. In this period, the phenomenon of a single
world architectural process begins to manifest itself. Since the ending of the 19th century, examples have
been grouped by decades.
Examples are distributed in chronological order of the construct completion. Each illustration consists
of one or more examples. Most illustrations show portraits of architects-authors. This is done to improve
memorization.
Images sources are indicated directly near with illustrations on each page.
Architects and companies listed on the basis of aggregate data from different sources (for some
objects from various sources indicate different authors). About some buildings listed authors in the
available sources has not yet been found.
Each set consists of 15 illustrations. The presentation of the material is structured based on 2-3
minutes (on average) for comments on each illustration. This is methodically optimal for the structure of
one academic hour:
6
- the Purpose of the Lecture;

- Tasks of the Lecture;
- the Main material on the topic;
- Questions on the topic;
- Tasks for the self-research work;
- Questions for the self-preparation;
- Themes of abstracts (16 pages, 40 000 characters, A4 format).
Before the start of the semester, each student receives an electronic version of this book. During the
lecture, he has the opportunity to independently monitor the presentation of the lecture material on a
personal gadget. For most objects, links to Wikipedia materials are listed. This allows you to quickly find
(including during the lecture) the main characteristics of the object for further study on the basis of
academic literature and other educational and scientific-theoretical sources.
The Author expresses his gratitude to Internet resources – https://www.google.com and

https://www.wikipedia.org – which to provide the ability to collect an information.
This book is a revised and expanded version of the previously published material: THE HISTORY
OF ARCHITECTURE FROM PREHISTORIC TO MODERN TIMES: Albums of characteristic
examples for the Educational course / by Dr. Konstantin I.Samoilov. – Almaty, 2017. – 410 p.
7
The 1st Lecture:
EDUCATIONAL
&
SCIENTIFIC-
THEORETICAL
SOURCES

Characteristic examples for the Course of lectures / by Dr. Konstantin I.Samoilov,
Almaty, 2023
Characteristic examples for the Course of lectures / by Dr.Konstantin I.Samoilov, Almaty, 2023
1.1 Всеобщая история архитектуры в 12 томах / Государственный комитет по

гражданскому строительству и архитектуре при Госстрое СССР, Научно-
исследовательский институт теории, истории и перспективных проблем советской
архитектуры. – Ленинград; Москва: Издательство литературы по строительству, 1966-
1977.
Sources: http://books.totalarch.com/files/title/0090.jpg ; http://tehne.com/assets/i/upload/library/general-history-of-architechture-5.jpg ; http://tehne.com/assets/i/upload/library/general-history-of-

architechture-9.jpg
9
1.2 Всеобщая история архитектуры / Огюст Шуази; [пер. Н.С.Курдюкова, Е.Г.Денисовой]. -

Москва: Эксмо, 2010.
Choisy, Auguste. Histoire de l'architecture. – Paris: Bibliotheque de l' Image, June 4, 1999.
Sources: https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/51WQB80HM8L._SX305_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg ; http://www.moscowbooks.ru/image/book2/337/big/i337646.jpg ;

https://www.architecture.com/image-library/imagecache/galleryitems/3042.1.434.434.FFFFFF.jpeg
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1.3 Sir Banister Fletcher's “Global History of Architecture” / Murray Fraser (Anthology Editor).
Edition 21st. – Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019.
Banister Fletcher “History of architecture on the comparative method for the student,
craftsman, and amateur”. – London & New York: Batsford; Scribner's Sons,1905
Sources: https://res.cloudinary.com/bloomsbury-atlas/image/upload/w_360,c_scale/jackets/9781472589989.jpg ; https://www.stellabooks.com/storage/images/stock/2125/2125980.JPG n ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Banister_Fletcher_senior_%282b%29.jpg/220px-Banister_Fletcher_senior_%282b%29.jpg ;
https://collectionimages.npg.org.uk/large/mw114133/Sir-Banister-Flight-Fletcher.jpg
11
1.4 Francis D. K. Ching, Mark Jarzombek, Vikramaditya Prakash “A GLOBAL HISTORY OF

ARCHITECTURE” 2nd Edition. – JOHN WILEY, 2011.
Richard Ingersoll " World Architecture: A Cross-Cultural History", Second Edition. – Oxford
University Press, USA, 2018.
“A Text-book of the History of Architecture” by Alfred D. F. Hamlin. – Publisher: Longmans,
Green, & Co., 1906
Sources: https://www.nasisbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/A-GLOBAL-HISTORY-OF-ARCHITECTURE-2nd-Edition.jpg ; https://m.media-

amazon.com/images/I/41WkxK6EFML._SX383_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg ; https://www.e-booksdirectory.com/imglrg/1666.jpg
12
1.5 Allsopp, Bruce. A General History of Architecture. - London: Sir Isaac Pitman + Sons Ltd.,
1955.
Allsopp, Bruce. GUIDE DE L'ARCHITECTURE. - FRANCE LOISIRS, 1985.
Sources: https://www.stoutbooks.com/stout/images/items/88148.jpg ; http://mgodding.biz/101/101725.jpg ; https://pictures.abebooks.com/LELIVRE/12728048123.jpg
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1.6 A History of Architecture: Settings and Rituals / by Spiro Kostof. - Oxford University Press,
1995. The City Assembled: The Elements of Urban Form Through History / by Spiro Kostof. -
Bulfinch Press,1992.
Sources: https://pictures.abebooks.com/isbn/9780195083781-us.jpg ; https://pictures.abebooks.com/isbn/9780821225998-us.jpg ; http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/kostof.jpg
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1.7 Witold Rybczynski “The Story of Architecture”. - Yale University Press, 2022.
Gympel Jan “The Story of Architecture”. – Konemann, 2005.
Mrs. Louisa Caroline Tuthill "History of Architecture: From the Earliest Times, Its Present
Condition in Europe and the United States; With a Biography of Eminent Architects, and a
Glossary of Architectural Terms". Classic Reprint Series. – Forgotten Books, 2018.
Sources: https://yalebooks.co.uk/img/localjackets/l/9780300246063.jpg ; https://pictures.abebooks.com/inventory/md/md17293432705.jpg ; https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/71HsauQodML.jpg
15
1.8 Герасимов Ю.Н., Годлевский Н.Н., Зубова М.В. История архитектуры. Учебник. В 2-х
томах. - Москва: Архитектура-С, 2016.
Соловьев К.А., Степанова Д.С. История архитектуры и строительной техники. Учебное
пособие. - Москва: Лань, 2016.
Sources: http://static.ozone.ru/multimedia/1016498116.jpg ; http://static.ozone.ru/multimedia/1016111836.jpg ; http://ozon-st.cdn.ngenix.net/multimedia/1014307246.jpg
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1.9 Градостроительство / члены-корреспонденты Академии архитектуры СССР А.В.Бунин,

Л.А.Ильин, Н.Х.Поляков, В.А.Шквариков; под редакцией В.А.Шкварикова. – Москва:
Издательство Академии архитектуры СССР, 1945.
Бунин А.В., Саваренская Т.Ф. История градостроительного искусства. В 2 томах. –
Москва: Стройиздат; Издание 2-е, 1979.
Sources: https://books.totalarch.com/files/title/0839_0.jpg ; https://www.bookselect.ru/files/products/51232_2.jpg ;

https://drakopanda.com/image/cache/catalog/photo_goods/1/73-80%20%283%2C4%2C17%29/79/16A%20%281%29-1000x1000.JPG
17
1.10 Kenneth Frampton "Modern Architecture: A Critical History" / Fourth Edition, Revised,
expanded and upload. – Thames & Hudson World art, 1980 (base).
Фремптон К. Современная архитектура: Критический взгляд на историю развития /
Перевод с английского: Дубченко Е.А., Хайт В.Л. (ред.). - Москва: Стройиздат, 1990.
Source: https://pp.vk.me/c7002/v7002448/1b34f/BSKB-AIu-v8.jpg; https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTN7gj4yKdP2Aomh3ItgxS5fJ3edKcp6MFPNlNqu5zOm-xuRHgi_A ;

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/NzZ1VsrUyXU/maxresdefault.jpg
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1.11 Charles Jencks. The language of post-modern architecture. – Rizzoli, 1977.

Дженкс Ч. Язык архитектуры постмодернизма / Пер. с англ. A.В.Рабушина, М.В.Уваровой;
Под ред. А.В.Рябушина, B.Л. Хайта — Москва: Стройиздат, 1985.
Sources: https://books.totalarch.com/files/title/0641_0.jpg ; https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2019/10/charles-jencks-portrait-getty-images-close-up-sq-411x411.jpg
19
1.12 Хан-Магомедов С.О. Архитектура советского авангарда: в двух книгах: Проблемы

формообразования. Мастера и течения; Социальные проблемы. - Москва:
Стройиздат,1996-2001.
Sources: http://www.alyoshin.ru/Photo/khan_archi/1_000.jpg ; http://alyoshin.ru/Photo/khan_archi/2_0000.jpg ; http://engineer-history.ru/wp-

content/plugins/doptg/uploads/thumbs/YjaY9h1SskACGNSTt5n595KF28SSOs3FwBh4jqprcRQfkcdOMAfsjAAE8CfHOmzcp.jpg
20
1.13 Иконников А.В. Зарубежная архитектура. От "новой архитектуры" до постмодернизма. –

Москва: «Стройиздат», 1982.
Архитектура XX века. Утопии и реальность: в двух томах / А.В.Иконников. - Москва:
Прогресс-Традиция, 2001-2002.
Sources: http://lib26.ru/bimg/41/27441.JPG ; http://i.archi.ru/i/420/7663.jpg ; http://www.raasn.ru/images/akademiki/ikonnikov.jpg
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1.14 Глазычев В.Л. Архитектура. Энциклопедия. - Москва: Дизайн. Информация.

Картография: Астрель: ACT, 2002.
Глазычев В.Л. Эволюция творчества в архитектуре. - Москва: Стройиздат, 1986.
Sources: http://cv02.twirpx.net/0016/0016271.jpg ; http://www.glazychev.ru/books/evolut_tvorchestva/images/evolut_tvorchestva.jpg ; http://www.glazychev.ru/_design/000.jpg
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1.15 Рябушин А.В. Архитекторы рубежа тысячелетий. Книга 1. Лидеры профессии и новые
имена. – Москва: Искусство ХХI век, 2010.
Рябушин А.В. Архитекторы рубежа тысячелетий. Книга вторая. Поиски и открытия. –
Москва: Искусство ХХI век, 2015.
Sources: https://store.artlebedev.ru/products/images/19phnas1.jpg ; https://ic.pics.livejournal.com/everytecture/75615824/12459/12459_original.jpg ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD.jpg
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The 2nd Lecture:
THE PREHISTORIC
ERA’s
ARCHITECTURE

Characteristic examples for the Course of lectures / by Dr.Konstantin I.Samoilov,
Almaty, 2023
2.1 The House, Kostenki village, Voronezh Region, Russia, ~ from 42000 BC
Sources:http://sitekid.ru/media/zhil(1).jpg ; http://bondareff.ru/images/800/10052012_9.jpg ; http://bondareff.ru/images/800/10052012_11.jpg
25

2.2 The Géant du Manio, Carnac, Brittany, France; The Punchestown Longstone, Ireland; The
Menhir Kamenný pastýř (Stony shepherd) near Klobuky, Czech Republic; The
Frostatingetbautasten at Tinghaugen, Norway
Sources:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Carnac_Geant_du_Manio.jpg/320px-Carnac_Geant_du_Manio.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Menhirs_carnac.jpg/1024px-Menhirs_carnac.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Klobuky_CZ_Zkamenely_pastyr_093.jpg/800px-Klobuky_CZ_Zkamenely_pastyr_093.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Frostating_bauta.jpg
26

2.3 The Menec alignment, Carnac, Brittany, France; Menhirs in Senapati District, Manipur,
India; Pre-Axumite standing stones, Qohaito, Eritrea; Taula of Torralba in Menorca,
Spain
Sources:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Menhirs_carnac.jpg/1024px-Menhirs_carnac.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Stone_Erections_of_Willong_Khullen.jpg/1024px-Stone_Erections_of_Willong_Khullen.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Kohaito%2C_zona_dei_palazzi_axumiti_09.JPG ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Torralba.jpg/800px-Torralba.jpg
27

2.4 The Guadalperal Dolmen, Peraleda de la Mata, Extremadura, Spain,

between 2000 and 3000 BC
Sources: https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/croL4ZmtQ8WoSjB6bzrH6A--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTk2MDtoPTY0MA--
/https://media.zenfs.com/en/business_insider_articles_888/26549523c023ba6a7795f91c013944de ; https://raicesdeperaleda.com/recursos/editor/Mapa_de_r%C3%ADo.jpg ;
https://poznavaemoe.ru/upload/iblock/9a4/dolmen_de_guadalperal.jpg
28

2.5 The Poulnabrone dolmen, Iraland; The Flint dolmen, Johfiyeh, Jordan; The Dolmen, the
Zhane river valley, Russia; The dolmen Er-Roc'h-Feutet, Carnac, Brittany, France; The
Megalithic Dolmen at Dannanapeta, Andhra Pradesh, India; The T-shaped Hunebed D27,
Borger-Odoorn, Netherlands
Sources:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poulnabrone_dolmen ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Dolmen_Johfiyeh_Jordan_Ahmed_Telfah_13January2010.jpg/800px-
Dolmen_Johfiyeh_Jordan_Ahmed_Telfah_13January2010.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Dolmen_Russia_r.Jane.JPG/800px-Dolmen_Russia_r.Jane.JPG ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Dolmen_Roch-Feutet.JPG/800px-Dolmen_Roch-Feutet.JPG ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Megalithic_Dolmen_at_Dannanapeta_03.jpg/1024px-Megalithic_Dolmen_at_Dannanapeta_03.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Hunebed-d27.jpg
29

2.6 The Menga Dolmen – a megalithic burial mound called a tumulus, a long barrow form of
dolmen, Antequera, Málaga, Spain, between 3750 and 3650 BC
Sources: https://www.visitcostadelsol.com/malaga-costa-del-sol/culture-and-museums/monuments-and-areas-of-tourist-interest/antequera-dolmens-site-p85851 ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Dolmen_de_Menga_10.jpg/1280px-Dolmen_de_Menga_10.jpg
30

2.7 The Cañada Real Dolmen – a megalithic structure with an “elbow corridor”, Los Molares,
Seville, Spain, between 3810 and 3630 BC
Sources: https://euagenda.eu/upload/social/63e5e78b4a4d4037b9d6a5012f67a824.jpg ; https://s1.abcstatics.com/media/MM/2021/04/16/s/dolmen-sevilla(15)_xoptimizadax.jpg ;

https://www.heritagedaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/dolmen1.jpg
31

2.8 The Ġgantija temple complex, 4100 – 3000 BC; The Ħaġar Qim temple complex, 3600-
2500 BC, Gozo island, Malta
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Temple_de_Ggantija.jpg/800px-Temple_de_Ggantija.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Facade_Hagar_Qim.jpg/800px-Facade_Hagar_Qim.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Hagar_Quim_II.jpg/1024px-Hagar_Quim_II.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Malta_15_Hagar_Qim.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Plan_des_temples_de_Hagar_Qim.png/800px-
Plan_des_temples_de_Hagar_Qim.pnghttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ggantija_mur.jpg/800px-Ggantija_mur.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Malta_Templo_dei_Ggantija-1-.jpg/800px-Malta_Templo_dei_Ggantija-1-.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Plan_des_temples_de_Ggantija.png/800px-Plan_des_temples_de_Ggantija.png
32

2.9 The El Pendón Dolmen,

Reinoso, Burgos, Spain, 4000 BC
Sources: https://s1.ppllstatics.com/burgosconecta/www/multimedia/202102/28/media/MM-dolmen-pendon-reinoso/dolmen-pendon-reinoso-burgos-ical%20(4).jpg ;
https://www.dicyt.com/data/49/48649.jpg ;
https://www.burebayvalles.es/sites/bureba/files/styles/recorte/public/Content/img_20220624_084945_0.jpg?itok=sL1XOshS&c=1374a80aa6ace43b938ad8e90d60d887
33

2.10 The Stonehenge complex, Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom, from 8000 to 1600 BC
(the last reconstruction in 1963)
Sources:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Stonehenge_1877.JPG ; http://traveldigg.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Stonehenge-Image.png ; http://www.essentially-

england.com/images/stonehenge3_small.jpg ; https://scontent.fala4-3.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-9/43617999_1682992758479803_8148125629976412160_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-
7&_nc_sid=2c4854&_nc_ohc=-4RcESCVW6oAX9S97IK&_nc_ht=scontent.fala4-3.fna&oh=00_AfB6ljgnAwMtDbd373jGkkmVOhxEpYNo18LHKtV2r7_BEg&oe=64F869CD
34

2.11 The Grey Cairns of Camster,

Caithness, Scotland, 3000 BC
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/A_Neolithic_burial_long_cairn_at_Camster.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Camster_Cairns_-
_geograph.org.uk_-_431568.jpg ;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Grey_Cairns_of_Camster_-_Camster_Round.jpg/1024px-Grey_Cairns_of_Camster_-_Camster_Round.jpg
; https://sthescorpprodneu01.blob.core.windows.net/cache/9/d/e/d/f/4/9dedf4b27264dece82e7a55ebc27e945ae80ae40.jpg
35

2.12 The Skara Brae settlement, Orkney archipelago, Scotland, United Kingdom, 3180 - 2500 BC
Sources:http://sitekid.ru/media/zhil(3).jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Skara_Brae_house_1_5.jpg/800px-Skara_Brae_house_1_5.jpg ;
http://www.solaripedia.com/images/large/5973.gif ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Orkney_Skara_Brae.jpg
36

2.13 The Naveta d'Es Tudons chamber tomb, Menorca island, Balearic islands,
Spain, 2000-1000 BC
Sources: https://viajes.nationalgeographic.com.es/medio/2022/05/13/naveta-de-tudons_278fb462_2000x1498.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Naveta_tudons_01.jpg/1024px-Naveta_tudons_01.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Naveta_des_Tudons.jpg/1024px-Naveta_des_Tudons.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Naveta_Tudons.jpg/1024px-Naveta_Tudons.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Plan_and_Section_of_Nau_d%27Es_Tudons_1912.png ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Tudons02.jpg
37

2.14 The Hirebenakal, Karnataka, India, 800-200 BC
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Pre-historic_tombs-1.JPG/1024px-Pre-historic_tombs-1.JPG ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pre-

historic_tombs.JPG/1024px-Pre-historic_tombs.JPG ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Hirebenakal.jpg/640px-Hirebenakal.jpg ; https://gops.org/wp-
content/uploads/2017/12/hirebenkal3_1024.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Cave_painting_at_hirebenakal.JPG/1024px-Cave_painting_at_hirebenakal.JPG
38

2.15 Types of most ancient houses: an Igloo, a dugout, an yaranga, a hut;

modern African huts (Zambia, Tanzania, Senegal)
Sources:http://www.remontpozitif.ru/_pu/14/95865271.jpg ; http://b3.fr.is.pp.ru/a/av-hammond/1/24092431yrq.jpg ; http://www.remontpozitif.ru/_pu/14/71812329.jpg; https://pro-

dachnikov.com/uploads/posts/2021-10/thumbs/1633895955_33-p-doma-v-afrike-foto-38.jpg ; https://img.gazeta.ru/files3/697/7630697/upload-02-pic700-700x467-44805.jpg ; https://pro-
dachnikov.com/uploads/posts/2021-10/thumbs/1633895981_98-p-doma-v-afrike-foto-112.jpg ; https://pro-dachnikov.com/uploads/posts/2021-10/thumbs/1633895896_59-p-doma-v-afrike-foto-69.jpg
39

The 3rd Lecture:
THE ANCIENT
EGYPTIAN
ARCHITECTURE

Almaty, 2023
3.1 The Ancient Egypt: Geographical position and Time-Line
Sources: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/83/23/9a/83239a6637d007e8a67818b865e154c1.jpg; https://meynu.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/egypt_time-line2.gif
41

3.2 The Djoser’s Pyramid, Saqqara necropolis, Egypt, 27th century BC

(Arch. Imhotep)
Sources: http://1chudo.ru/images/materials/39pirheops/4.jpg ; http://content.foto.mail.ru/mail/kle.alex/_blogs/i-2998.jpg ; http://nomarh.narod.ru/pir_djosera.bmp ; http://www.ancient-

origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Alley-of-cobras-in-front-of-Saqqara-step-pyramid.jpg?itok=YmQXZBNw ;https://probaway.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/imhotep-djoser-pyramid.jpg ;
http://www.ancient-wisdom.com/Images/countries/Egyptian%20pics/pyramidbricks4.jpg ; http://www.pechenkin.ru/piramids_1kniga.files/image004.jpg ; http://chert-poberi.ru/wp-
content/uploads/2016/proga/111/igor-13april1619325732.jpg
42

3.3 The Mastabat al-Fir’aun / Mastaba of Shepseskaf, South Saqqara , 26th century BC,
South Saqqara, Egypt
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Mastaba-faraoun-3.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Mastabashepseskaf.jpg ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Mastaba-faraoun-4.jpg
43

3.4 The Huni's pyramid / the Sneferu's pyramid (the Pseudo Pyramid), Meidum, 2680 BC;
The Bent Pyramid, Dahshur necropolis, ~ 2660 BC; The Red pyramid / the North Pyramid,
Dahshur necropolis (2640 - 2620 BC), Egypt
Sources: http://turizm.world/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/pyramid-meidum-egypt.jpg ; http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b3nj3mH2Hzc/VbJ9xgLoYCI/AAAAAAAAAU4/zdnZUoatp10/s1600/8.jpg ;

http://www.travelgeni.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/egypt-sneferu-bent-pyramid.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Bent_Pyramid_substructure_2.png ;
http://s3.drugiegoroda.ru/2/205/20513-Red_Pyramid_plan.png ; http://stranic.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/red-pyramid2.jpg
44

3.5 The Great Pyramid (the Khufu’s Pyramid or the Pyramid of Cheops), Giza’s pyramid
complex, Egypt, 2560 BC (Arch. Hemon / Hemiunu)
Sources: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8QLWd4gCJ8A/Ve_sLhBXxbI/AAAAAAAAAK4/4dpG-eAebA0/s1600/Giza.jpg; http://www.studyofoahspe.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/Diagram-Great-

Pyramid.jpg ; http://www.thehistoryhub.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Pyramid-of-Giza-Entrance.jpg ; https://www.courses.psu.edu/art_h/art_h201_ejw3/plan.jpg ; http://godstimecapsule.com/wp-
content/uploads/2012/03/Screen-Shot-2014-11-10-at-12.18.50-PM1.jpg ; https://archaeologyatrandom.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/hemiunu-head_med_hr.png
45

3.6 The Senusret III's pyramid (Lepsius XLVII's pyramid), 19th century BC; The "Black Pyramid"
(Amenemhat III's pyramid or “Amenemhet The Mighty”), 1860–1814 BC, Dahshur
necropolis, Egypt
Sources: http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/images/pyramid-senusertIII.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sesostris3-plan-complexe.jpg/800px-Sesostris3-plan-

complexe.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Sesostris3-plan-appartements.jpg/800px-Sesostris3-plan-appartements.jpg ; http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-
H5xuboszPGc/TWDX2vZyr_I/AAAAAAAABhE/v1PxGsYc6gA/s1600/1+B%252C+Dahshur+pyramid+of+Amenemhat+III+burial+two+queens%252C+egyptian+gods.JPG ; http://www.moin-
monja.de/egypt/pharaonen/06-mittleres_reich/12-dynastie/amenemhet_III/pyramiden_amenemhet_III/dahschur_amenemhet_III_pyramide_west.jpg;
https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/2KaFCvUba.B2UvsFQcSAig--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTI0MDA7aD0zMjAwO2NmPXdlYnA-
/https://media.zenfs.com/en/buzzfeed_articles_778/56265718465b206b79f8c78d51f9d9ce
46

3.7 The Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II's mortuary temple (~2061 - 1995 BC) and Hatshepsut
mortuary temple, Deir el-Bahri, Egypt, 1482 - 1473 BC (Arch. Senenmut)
Sources: http://www.bellabs.ru/Egypt/Luxor/Egypt2011_12-0144_ThebesBalloon.jpg ; http://www.royanddarla.com/silverseas/images/417-Hatshepsut%20temple.jpg;

http://ok-t.ru/studopedia/baza1/1222365641178.files/image048.jpg ; http://egyptfan.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/yMgxONbw4IA.jpg; https://c1.staticflickr.com/5/4024/4417516269_6e95b377be_b.jpg
47

3.8 The Luxor Temple complex, Thebes, Egypt, ~ 1400 BC
Sources: http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/images/luxortemple5.jpg ; http://www.rideegypt.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/temple-of-luxor.jpg ; http://www.hightoursegypt.com/photos/egypt/pic/Luxor-

Temple/43/0.jpg; http://raredelights.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Luxor-Temple-in-Egypt-8.jpg
48

3.9 The Karnak Temple complex, Thebes, Egypt, from Middle Kingdom to Ptolemaic
Kingdom
Sources: https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/images/archive/epi/khonsu_temple.jpg ; http://www.mummies2pyramids.info/pictures/images/karnak-temple-003.jpg ;

http://st1.ancientfacts.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/collumns.jpg ; http://michel.lalos.free.fr/site_egypte/karnak/pln_karnak01.jpg; http://www.thetraveleyes.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/KARNAK-
2.jpg ; http://townevolution.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000021/pic/000013.jpg
49

3.10 Types of columns (“Tent pole” columns, Festival Temple of Thutmose III, Luxor, 1479-25
BC; Temple of Horus, Edfu, 237-57 BC; Temple of Hathor, Dendera, 1500 BC) Egypt
Sources: https://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/luxor-column-773x1024.jpg ; https://i.pinimg.com/736x/98/a0/5b/98a05bf22bd296440cc87bf7e16522bd.jpg ;

https://as2.ftcdn.net/v2/jpg/03/26/08/87/1000_F_326088701_2ncsqAgzvaOnTcuo2upr8cQwoOwghCRa.jpg
50

3.11 The Akhetaton town, Egypt, 1346 - 1332 BC
Sources: http://townevolution.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000021/pic/000017.jpg ; http://townevolution.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000021/pic/000016.jpg
51

3.12 The Nefertari Mary-en-mut Temple, Abu Simbel, Egypt, 1st half of the 13th century BC:
moved to the early 1960s – а scale Model showing the original and current location of the
temple (with respect to the water level) at the Nubian Museum, in Aswan
Sources: https://putidorogi-nn.ru/images/stories/afrika/egipet/abu_simbel_2.jpg ; https://putidorogi-nn.ru/images/stories/afrika/egipet/abu_simbel_5.jpg ;

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Simbel#/media/File:Abu_Simbel_relocation_by_Zureks.jpg
52

3.13 The Ramses II's temple, Abu Simbel, Egypt, 1st half of the 13th century BC
Sources: http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/89082497.jpg ; http://archisto.info/images/tom-1-39-ris-110c.jpg ; https://wiki-

turizm.ru//cache/multithumb_mob/thumb_uploads_countries_egypt_sz787358_sz_egypt_abu2.jpg
53

3.14 Nubian pyramids, Meroë, Nubia, 800 BC – AD 100
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Sudan_Meroe_Pyramids_2001.JPG ; https://i0.wp.com/tourpedia.ru/wp-

content/uploads/2019/09/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8D-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg?fit=1024%2C576 ;
https://cdn.fishki.net/upload/post/2016/12/04/2155711/tn/00002.jpg
54

3.15 The Athor temple / the Trajan's Kiosk / the Pharaoh's Bed, Philae Island, 98 to 117 AD
(Agilkia Island, Southern Egypt, from early 1960th)
Sources: https://www.rct.uk/sites/default/files/styles/rctr-scale-1300-500/public/collection-online/d/a/335727-1351701790.jpg?itok=c7Fx0PBL ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Agilkia_Trajankiosk_01.JPG/1024px-Agilkia_Trajankiosk_01.JPG ; https://live.staticflickr.com/4551/38422945121_5a1288102f_b.jpg
55

The 4th Lecture:
THE ANCIENT
MESOPOTAMIAN
AND PERSIAN
ARCHITECTURE

Almaty, 2023
4.1 The Ancient Mesopotamia:

The Geographical position and periods of Development
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Tigr-euph.png; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Mesopotamian_Chronology_2.png
57

4.2 The "Oval temple", Khafajeh (ancient Tutub); 3rd millennium BC
Sources: http://www.iraqwho.com/ArchaeologicalSite/khafajah/images/04.jpg ; http://www.unc.edu/depts/classics/courses/clar241/KhafOvTAer.jpg ; http://www.bible-

history.com/past/images/oval_temple_khafaje.gif
58

4.3 The Great Ziggurat, Ur-Nammu; approximately 21st century BC
Sources: http://smallbay.ru/images6/b0.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Ziggurat_of_ur.jpg ; http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/5907/anilow.107/0_7eb3a_cf5817d_orig
59

4.4 The “White temple”, Uruk; The “Temple VII”, Eridu; end of 2nd millennium BC
Sources: http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/6425/1771339.1ec/0_ae720_a6c32456_orig ; http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/4125/1771339.1ec/0_ae71f_51585b86_orig
60

4.5 The Etemenanki ziggurat (the "Tower of Babel"), Babylon; 1792 -1750 BC
Sources : http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ae0VuVqjTBc/TrhJvqFh0HI/AAAAAAAAAuw/W8RquDHD9ts/s1600/B51.jpg ; http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/images/etemenanki-image2.gif ;

http://paranormal-news.ru/_nw/125/s68236587.jpg
61

4.6 The Temple complex, Borsippa (Birs Nimrud), 9th-6th century BC
Sources: http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/5625/1771339.1ec/0_ae728_c02aed62_orig ; http://dostoyanieplaneti.ru/media/k2/galleries/3380/8673_900.jpg ;

http://www.mediagnosis.ru/HISTORY/GRAPH/Pictures/JPG/4-054-2.gif
62

4.7 The Dur-Sharrukin ("Fortress of Sargon"), Assyria; 722 - 705 BC
Sources: http://tar-tass.ru/media/news/2937_theme.jpg ; http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/History/drevnie_civilizaci/01_clip_image041.jpg ; http://www.znanijamira.ru/img/81/80.jpg ;

https://www.cemml.colostate.edu/cultural/09476/images/iraq05-042-07.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Plan_of_Palace_of_Sargon_Khosrabad_Reconstruction_1905.jpg/800px-Plan_of_Palace_of_Sargon_Khosrabad_Reconstruction_1905.jpg
63

4.8 Hanging Gardens, Nebuchadnezzar's Palace, Babylon; 605-522 BC
Sources: http://s00.yaplakal.com/pics/pics_original/4/3/1/1615134.jpg; http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/History/drevnie_civilizaci/01_clip_image037_0000.jpg; http://img-

fotki.yandex.ru/get/6445/1771339.1ec/0_ae727_7c6d9fd9_XL.jpg ; http://landscape.totalarch.com/files/greenbuild/5/05_92.jpg; http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/5109/anilow.f9/0_76c21_caa0a875_L.jpg
64

4.9 The Ishtar's Gate, Grand Entrance to Town, Babylon; 575 BC
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Ishtar_Gate_at_Berlin_Museum.jpg/800px-Ishtar_Gate_at_Berlin_Museum.jpg ; http://www.greatcommission.com/berlin/53.jpg ;
http://www.livescience.com/images/i/000/037/396/original/2-Trowel-diplomacy.JPG ; https://farm8.static.flickr.com/7439/16450796152_6087f7dee3_b.jpg
65

4.10 The Anu & Antu temple, Uruk; 2nd century BC
Sources: http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/5647/1771339.1ec/0_ae729_ea062b85_ori ; http://www.mesopotamiangods.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/1e-Anu-Antus-procession-in-Uruk.jpg ;

http://www.mesopotamiangods.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2da-Uruks-White-Temple.png
66

4.11 The tomb of Da-u-Dukhtar, in Haq-i-Rustem, VI century BC
Sources: https://www.arhitekto.ru/txt/pic/2pers_24.gif ; https://ic.pics.livejournal.com/maximus101/19795028/1034672/1034672_original.jpg
67

4.12 The tomb of the king Cyrus I / Gur-e-Dokhtar, Busher, VI century BC; the tomb of the king
Cyrus II the Great, Pasargades, VI century BC
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Gur-e_Dokhtar.png ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Tomb_of_Cyrus_the_Great.jpg ;
https://www.arhitekto.ru/txt/pic/2pers_23.gif ; https://www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/Images2/Achaemenid/Pasargadae/Cyrus_the_Great_Tomb_Inner_Spapce.jpg
68

4.13 The Nakshe-Rustam necropolis – the Sanctuary of Fire / the Cube of Zoroaster / the
Funeral church, Persepolis, VI century BC
Sources: https://lifeglobe.net/x/entry/2205/4.jpg ; https://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/9895/137106206.4a9/0_fb981_851186dc_orig.jpg ; https://tourpedia.ru/wp-

content/uploads/2018/06/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B1-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5-
%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0.jpg
69

4.14 The Nakshe-Rustam necropolis – tombs of Darius (522-486 BC), Xerxes I (486-465 BC),
Artaxerxes I (465-424 BC), Darius II (423-404 BC) and Artaxerxes III (358-337 BC) or Darius
III (336-330 BC), Persepolis
Sources: https://biblereadingarcheologydotcom.files.wordpress.com/2016/03/naqsh_e_rostam_darois-ii_artaxerxes-i_darius-i_xerxes-i_panoramic.jpg?w=1200 ; https://tourpedia.ru/wp-
content/uploads/2018/06/%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0.jpg ;
https://the-world-is-enough.com/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/Iran.%20Shiraz/Iran.%20Naqsh-e%20Rustam/Naqsh-e_Rustam_(28).jpg ;
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2F29palms.ru%2Findex.php%3Flink%3Dnaqsh-e-rustam&psig=AOvVaw3D-cZ7HU4n-
k5K83ziUR1i&ust=1690142830321000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCPj0zeuOo4ADFQAAAAAdAAAAABAO
70

4.15 The Palace Complex (Darius I , Xerxes I and Artaxerxes I), Persepolis / Takht-e Jamshīd,
550–330 BC

Sources: https://www.arhitekto.ru/txt/pic/2pers_19.gif ; https://www.arhitekto.ru/txt/pic/2pers_15.jpg ; https://cdn.artphotolimited.com/images/5dca98b2bd40b8720ecc2c73/1000x1000/iran-persepolis.jpg ;
https://images-wixmp-ed30a86b8c4ca887773594c2.wixmp.com/f/c88045cd-f13c-4898-94d6-b1c8044d6903/daua6je-733f809c-c0d1-4eab-b7ce-
79441f9ceaef.jpg?token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1cm46YXBwOjdlMGQxODg5ODIyNjQzNzNhNWYwZDQxNWVhMGQyNmUwIiwiaXNzIjoidXJuOmFwcDo3ZTBkMTg4OTgy
MjY0MzczYTVmMGQ0MTVlYTBkMjZlMCIsIm9iaiI6W1t7InBhdGgiOiJcL2ZcL2M4ODA0NWNkLWYxM2MtNDg5OC05NGQ2LWIxYzgwNDRkNjkwM1wvZGF1YTZqZS03MzNmODA5Yy1jMGQxLTRlYWItYjdj
ZS03OTQ0MWY5Y2VhZWYuanBnIn1dXSwiYXVkIjpbInVybjpzZXJ2aWNlOmZpbGUuZG93bmxvYWQiXX0.4936L0O8rTBF7HOBIsRIfdX2J1QsXRbZTbqFjM8HnTc ; https://www.jeffcotner.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/11/JCE1016.jpg ; https://www.persiantourismguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/site_0114_0026-500-399-20140612145035.jpg
71

The 5th Lecture:
THE ANCIENT
GREEK
ARCHITECTURE

Almaty, 2023
5.1 The Ancient Greece: the Geographical position and the Time-line
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Greek_Colonization_Archaic_Period.png; http://www.academyofbards.org/amazontrails/xena/greece%20map/greekmap.JPG ;

http://heartofwisdom.com/images/timeline/ancientgreece2.jpg
73

5.2 The Palace, Knossos, Crete, 1700 BC
Sources: https://www.ancientworldmagazine.com/site/assets/files/2616/knossos.jpg ; https://www.metropolitanme.com/media/k2/items/cache/d632334130a2b9d194362b7d857b88bf_XL.jpg ;
https://greeking.me/images/all/knossos-palace-ancient-ruins-Kiev.Victor-shutterstock.jpg
74

5.3 Royal tombs, Acropolis, Mycenae, from XVII century BC
Sources: https://ic.pics.livejournal.com/dergachev_va/58474394/464000/464000_original.png ; https://dostoprimechatelnosti-m.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/mog_krug.jpg ;

https://ic.pics.livejournal.com/savliy/12394105/176876/176876_600.gif ; https://www.romeartlover.it/Micene07.jpg
75

5.4 The Lion Gate, Acropolis, Mycenae, XIII century BC
Sources: https://streetsofnuremberg.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Mycenae08-1024x768.jpg ; https://ancientrome.ru/art/artwork/arch/gr/mycenae/m001.jpg ; https://travelthegreekway.com/wp-

content/uploads/2023/06/Lion-Gate-Mycenae.jpg
76

5.5 The Treasury of Atreus or the Tomb of Agamemnon, Mycenae, 1400 – 1200 BC
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Piet_de_Jong_Atreus_Plan.jpg ;
https://www.thecivilengineer.org/storage/education/402/featured_image/3183/bbdd9bab523659f72e79235cef0a8565_XL.jpg ;
https://www.greeka.com/photos/peloponnese/mycenae/architecture/hero/mycenae-architecture-1920.jpg ;
77

5.6 Most types of temples and other variants:

the First Hera’s temple, Paestum; the Hera’s temple, Olympia; the Apollo's temple, Bassai
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Greek_temples.svg/600px-Greek_temples.svg.png ;
http://www.odysseyadventures.ca/articles/greektemple/paestum_temple_plan.png ; http://www.visit-ancient-greece.com/image-files/olympia-hera-plan.png ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bassai_Temple_of_Apollo_Plan.svg/350px-Bassai_Temple_of_Apollo_Plan.svg.png
78

5.7 Greek architectural orders:

the Doric order; the Ionic order; the Corinthian order
Sources: https://ka-perseus-images.s3.amazonaws.com/0683043c3719d0ff5715ba85314432b460f10952.jpg; http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-
H_MuAQJVU9w/TtY8MJ7yDBI/AAAAAAAAAcQ/eH823Io3twU/s1600/DoricCapital.jpg ; https://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/384.jpg?v=1431035012 ; https://ka-perseus-
images.s3.amazonaws.com/9abc6734ad887e785272e207118b7d4788dcf7f4.jpg
79

5.8 The "Temple E", Selinunte, Sicily, 490 - 480 BC
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Selinunte_-_Templi_Orientali_(Temple_E)_18.JPG ; http://www.bbsolaris.com/userfiles/images/foto-box/selinunte/selinunte_1.jpg ;

https://farm1.staticflickr.com/303/20228114669_0586895f26_h.jpg ; http://woostergeologists.scotblogs.wooster.edu/files/2013/06/10.-Selinunte-column-runins-Steve-060713.jpg
80

5.9 The Miletus city (example of “the Hippodamian city plan”), 480 BC
Sources: https://quadralectics.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/587.jpg; http://www.pitt.edu/~tokerism/0040/images0/017.jpg; http://www.habitattravel.com.tr/images/wichtige-hippodamos.jpg
81

5.10 The Theatre, Epidaurus, 4th century BC

(Arch. Polykleitos the Younger)
Sources: https://www.landlifetravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Archaeological-site-of-Epidaurus-Ancient-theater-Peloponnese-Greece-1.jpg ;
http://www.kvl.cch.kcl.ac.uk/THEATRON/theatres/epidaurus/assets/images/epiimg14.jpg ; http://www.ronaldvandenboogaard.nl/joomla/images/stories/epidaurusdertig.jpg ;
https://www.whitman.edu/theatre/theatretour/epidaurus/images/large%20images/epidaurus.plan.jpg
82

5.11 The Acropolis / Cecropiaand the Propylaea, Athens (the reconstruction), from 447 BC
(Arch. Phidiasas the Chief, Ictinus, Callicrates, Mnesicles)
Sources: https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/139/flashcards/1167139/jpg/athenian_acropolis1330506967704.jpg; https://c1.staticflickr.com/5/4141/5412400674_3256867c43_b.jpg;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/thumb/5/53/Phidias2.jpg/220px-Phidias2.jpg
83

5.12 The Parthenon temple, the Acropolis, Athens, 432 BC

(Arch.Iktinos, Callicrates)
Sources: http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/Images/109images/greek_archaic_classical/parthenon/parthenon.jpg ; http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eNdY4l7nS1E/ThDdDnce-

CI/AAAAAAAAAJI/FbjNMGhZHns/s1600/PartenonPlan3.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Parthenon_XL.jpg ;
https://admissions.vanderbilt.edu/insidedores/manage/wp-content/uploads/Athena_Parthenos_LeQuire.jpg
84

5.13 The Temple, Segesta, Sicily, 420 BC
Sources: http://arkeofili.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/tap5.jpg ; http://www.livius.org/site/assets/files/2986/segesta_temple10.jpg
85

5.14 The Erechtheion / Erechtheum temple, the Acropolis, Athens, 406 BC

(Arch. may have been Mnesicles)
Sources: http://sasgreekart.pbworks.com/f/1228403731/athens_erechtheion_1.jpg ; http://www.stoa.org/athens/sites/acroerechtheion/image/p08021.jpg ;

https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57b9b98a29687f1ef5c622df/t/58179d7346c3c4f1cb2e1473/1477942650926/Erechtheion ;
http://www.ysma.gr/static/images/3_3_ER_sxedio.jpg ; http://prettythaiforawhiteguy.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Erechtheion-Porch-of-the-Caryatids.jpg
86

5.15 Color design of buildings
Sources: https://totalarch.com/files/news/_free/greek-architectural-sculpture-6.jpg ; https://totalarch.com/files/news/_free/greek-architectural-sculpture-5.jpg ; https://static.3d-

baza.com/original_models/17839/889cf4241dbb4509a9b168f9.jpg
87

The 6th Lecture:
THE ANCIENT
ROMAN
ARCHITECTURE

Almaty, 2023
6.1 The Ancient Rome: the Geographical position and the Time-line;
Five Roman orders: a Doric, a Tuscan, an Ionic, a Corinthian, a Composite
Sources: http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH106.jpg ; http://www.knowtheromans.co.uk/img/RomanTimeline.jpg ;

https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/837/flashcards/4112837/jpg/roman-order-141FB9F03AA69202290.jpg
89

6.2 The Insula (a Multi-storey residential building with rooms and apartments for rental),
Rome, from 3rd century BC
Sources: http://alison-morton.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Insulae-_Rome-1024x768.jpg ; http://www.ostia-antica.org/regio2/5/5-1.jpg ; https://mervisk.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/insula.jpg
90

6.3 The Tomb of Cecilia Metella, Via Appia Antica, Rome, 50 BC
Sources: https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TspbsZPyu_o/U3y3EmMleqI/AAAAAAAATUE/w4o8QPdZzMQ/s1600/CAECILME.jpg ; https://www.romeguidetour.it/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/roma-guide-tour-

appia-antica-mausoleo-cecilia-metella.jpg ; https://www.aboutartonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Cella-funeraria-di-Cecilia-Metella.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Piranesi-3050.jpg/350px-Piranesi-3050.jpg ; https://www.trovaeventinews.it/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/cecilia-metella_01.jpg
91

6.4 Марк Витру́вий Поллио́н (70-15 до н.э.) «Десять книг об архитектуре»

Mark Vitruvius Pollio (70-15 BC) “Ten books about Architecture”
Sources: https://www.moscowbooks.ru/image/book/665/orig/i665846.jpg?cu=20190808180507 ; https://i.pinimg.com/originals/2c/33/c7/2c33c7748191b2a48dbe3d9ac81f460a.jpg ;

https://ia601600.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/29/items/olcovers631/olcovers631-L.zip&file=6315780-L.jpg
92

6.5 The Pompeii town, founded 6th – 7th century BC - abandoned 79 AD
Sources: http://www.putidorogi-nn.ru/images/stories/Pompeia/5.jpg ; https://deiatatu.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/p1030195.jpg ; http://cc.owu.edu/~rdfusch/roman_city_street_crossection.jpg
93

6.6 The Maison carrée (for the glory of Emperor Octavian Augustus & grandsons: consuls
and generals Lucius Caesar and Caius Julius Caesar), Nimes / Occitania, 4–7 AD
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/EB1911_Temple_-_Plan_of_Maison_Carr%C3%A9e_at_N%C3%AEmes.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/MK54063_Maison_Carr%C3%A9e_%28N%C3%AEmes%29.jpg/1920px-MK54063_Maison_Carr%C3%A9e_%28N%C3%AEmes%29.jpg ;
https://images.france.fr/zeaejvyq9bhj/1T7dCNjTyPfg4lIY5ORCHB/71ac6af7340f9b8524e8451bfee58441/Untitled_design__25_.png ; https://www.gites-de-france-
gard.fr/photos/gites30/P/photo/LC0057_440_791.jpg ; https://kulturologia.ru/files/u18214/AncientRomanArchitecture3.jpg
94

6.7 Imperial Forums, Rome:

the Caesar's Forum, 46 BC; the Augustus's Forum, 2 BC; the Temple of Peace and the
Vespasian's Forum, 75 AD; the Nerva's Forum, 98 AD; the Trajan's Forum, 112-113 AD)
Sources: http://intranet.arc.miami.edu/rjohn/ARC267-05/imperialfora.jpg ; http://images.bankoboev.ru/big/bankoboev.ru-rim_rimskii_forum-86632.jpg ; http://tripschannel.com/wp-

content/uploads/2016/06/Trajan-Column-2016.jpg
95

6.8 The “Pont du Gard” (a part of the Nîmes aqueduct: from a spring at Uzès to the Roman
colony of Nemausus), Roman Gaul, 60 AD
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Pont_du_Gard_Oct_2007.jpg/1280px-Pont_du_Gard_Oct_2007.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Cross_section_Pont_du_Gard_1875.jpg
96

6.9 The Colosseum / Flavian Amphitheatre, Forum Romanum, Rome, 80 AD
Sources: http://bestguidedtoursinrome.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Best-Guided-Tours-in-Rome-Colosseo.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Colosseum-profile-

english.png/800px-Colosseum-profile-english.png ; http://www.crystalinks.com/colosseumaerialview.jpg
97

6.10 The Temple complex: the Temple of Bacchus (AD 138-161)

and the Temple of Jupiter (AD 60), Heliopolis / Baalbek
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Baalbek_1.png/800px-Baalbek_1.png ; https://putidorogi-nn.ru/images/stories/aziya/livan/baalbek_2.jpg ;

https://www.mdregion.ru/upload/07_2017/udivitelnyi-baalbek-chast-2_08.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Trilithon_of_Baalbek_3.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Baalbek%2C_Temple_of_Bacchus_%286842814197%29.jpg/1920px-Baalbek%2C_Temple_of_Bacchus_%286842814197%29.jpg
98

6.11 The Pantheon temple, Rome, 126 AD

(Arch. Emperor Hadrian as the Chief and Apollodorus of Damascus)
Sources: http://www.crystalinks.com/PantheonSide.jpg ; http://www.stendhalhotelrome.it/img/pantheon02.jpg ; https://elainemcnulty.files.wordpress.com/2016/07/aerial-view-pantheon.jpg?w=820 ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Apollodorus_of_Damascus%2C_Greek_Architect_and_Engineer._Pic_01.jpg/800px-
Apollodorus_of_Damascus%2C_Greek_Architect_and_Engineer._Pic_01.jpg
99

6.12 The City Gate / “Porta Nigra”, Augusta Treverorum /Trier, 170 AD
(the return of the original form in 1804)
Sources: https://kulturologia.ru/files/u18214/AncientRomanArchitecture5.jpg ; https://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/6203/38575851.98/0_5f309_7fcbc5ed_XL.jpg ;

http://images.treccani.it/enc/media/share/images/orig/system/galleries/STORIA_VOL3/terme_fig_vol3_021660_001.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/St._Simeon_Trier_Caspar_Merian_1670_gross_new.jpg
100

6.13 The Triumphal Arch of Septimius Severus, Forum Romanum, Rome, 203 AD
Sources: http://sights.seindal.dk/img/orig/7832.jpg ; http://niistali.narod.ru/cities/Roma_2/victory_arch_severus.jpg ; https://s-media-cache-

ak0.pinimg.com/564x/3d/92/a6/3d92a60c002bb2f99ad7bc3b6f7892f6.jpg
101

6.14 The Bathhouse / “Terme di Caracalla” / “Thermae Antoninianae”, Rome, 217 AD
Sources: http://www.zestrip.net/blog/guide/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2016/10/terme-di-caracalla-1.jpg ; http://www.cult-turist.ru/img/5288_orig.jpg ;

http://images.treccani.it/enc/media/share/images/orig/system/galleries/STORIA_VOL3/terme_fig_vol3_021660_001.jpg
102

6.15 The Mausoleum and crypt / "Al-Khazneh" / the "Treasury", Petra, Jordan, 1st century AD;
the Palmira city, III-VI centuries AD; the Temple of Sun god Mihr, Garni, Armenia, 1st
century AD (collapsed in a 1679 earthquake; reconstruction between 1969 and 1975)
Sources: https://assets.vogue.com/photos/594046018ba2821cdbcb907a/master/pass/00-tout-petra-jordan-travel-guide.jpg ;
https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/660/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/10/05/151005000447_lost_palmyra_624x415_afp_nocredit.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Koenigsgraeber.jpg/1920px-Koenigsgraeber.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AB_%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80_23.jpg/1280px-
%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AB_%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80_23.jpg
103

The 7th Lecture:
THE MEDIEVAL
EUROPE
ARCHITECTURE

Almaty, 2023
7.1 The Medieval Europe: the Map and the Periodization
Sources: http://www.medievalages.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/medieval-europe.jpg ; http://images.slideplayer.com/24/6984690/slides/slide_4.jpg
105

7.2 The Basilica Cistern, Constantinople town, 532
Sources: http://mservicesdesignbuild.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Basilica-Cistern-960x642.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Head_of_Medusa%2C_Basilica_Cistern%2C_Constantinople_01.jpg/1280px-
Head_of_Medusa%2C_Basilica_Cistern%2C_Constantinople_01.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Head_of_Medusa%2C_Basilica_Cistern%2C_Constantinople_02.jpg/800px-
Head_of_Medusa%2C_Basilica_Cistern%2C_Constantinople_02.jpg
106

7.3 The Saint Sophia's basilica, Constantinople town, 537

(Arch. Isidore of Miletus, Anthemius of Tralles, Isidorus the Younger as rebuilder)
Sources: http://arounddeglobe.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Hagia-Sophia-Interior-Columns.jpg ;
https://www.historvius.com/images/original/1479-Hagia-Sophia-1E.jpg ; http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--cH4Np0wz4w/UJnIMLrD3YI/AAAAAAAAA84/i6KWKVwt84s/s1600/Hagia-Sophia-cross+section.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Hagia-Sophia-Grundriss.jpg/1920px-Hagia-Sophia-Grundriss.jpg
107

7.4 The Porphyrogenitus Palace / the New Blachernae Palace / now the Tekfur-Sarayı,
Constantinople town, 13th century
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Palace_of_Porphyrogenitus_2007.jpg/1024px-Palace_of_Porphyrogenitus_2007.jpg ;
http://www.onceuponatimebyzantium.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Tekfur-Sarayı.jpg
108

7.5 The Tower, London, UK (the White Tower: 1078, the Inner Ward: 1190s, Rebuilt: 1285,
Wharf expansion: 1377–1399)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Tower_of_London_from_the_Shard_%288515883950%29.jpg/1280px-
Tower_of_London_from_the_Shard_%288515883950%29.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tower_of_London_White_Tower.jpg/1024px-
Tower_of_London_White_Tower.jpg ; https://www.cnet.com/a/img/resize/438cf5f7855ebf165384abe2ed5cc3a0b2e802cc/hub/2016/07/29/aab3d2d1-8b8d-4582-a03c-f242761fcd1d/the-tower-of-london-
mid.jpg?auto=webp&fit=crop&height=900&width=1200
109

7.6 The Notre-Dame-la-Grande, Poitiers, France, 1086
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/PoitiersEglise_Notre_Dame.JPG/800px-PoitiersEglise_Notre_Dame.JPG ; https://media.archinform.net/m/00000394.jpg ;

https://www.bernezac.com/poitiers/notre-dame/notre-dame_ext_1107_01_560.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Poitiers-Notre_Dame_la_Grande-120-2008-gje.jpg/1280px-
Poitiers-Notre_Dame_la_Grande-120-2008-gje.jpg ; https://d34-a.sdn.cz/d_34/c_img_gR_d/KyRB4q.jpeg?fl=res,400,225,3
110

7.7 The Bamburgh Castle, Northumberland, England, 1164
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Bamborough_1825_plan.png ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Bamburgh_Castle_June_1973.jpg ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bamburgh_Castle%2C_beautiful_day.jpg/1024px-Bamburgh_Castle%2C_beautiful_day.jpg ;
https://static.wixstatic.com/media/b1508d_343feb4158924f34ad3bd70cf62616cb~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_1000,h_609,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01/b1508d_343feb4158924f34ad3bd70cf62616cb~mv2.jpg ;
https://cdn.britannica.com/13/106413-050-C56EB5D1/Bamburgh-Castle-Berwick-upon-Tweed-Eng-Northumberland.jpg ; https://dynamic-media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-o/0c/d9/45/00/bamburgh-
castle.jpg?w=700&h=500&s=1 ; https://www.mummytravels.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/northumberland-bamburgh-castle-entrance-gate.jpg ; https://www.bamburghcastle.com/wp-
content/uploads/2019/08/11-600x600.jpg
111

7.8 The Church of Our Lady / Vor Frue Kirke, Kalundborg, Denmark, 1190
Sources: https://dynamic-media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-o/17/b7/2c/10/kirkens-tarne.jpg?w=1200&h=-1&s=1 ;
https://brill.com/display/book/9789004426177/9789004426177_webready_content_m00020.jpg ; https://media.istockphoto.com/id/478318989/photo/humble-main-entrance-to-the-church-of-our-lady-
kalundborg.jpg?s=612x612&w=0&k=20&c=_ORnsI9oac8V__D6L_Cz9uxek0-yFuyGbqfzQ7-JMXk= ;
https://www.lutheranchurch.dk/_Resources/Persistent/8/4/9/3/849340d866f6f1f82a3699790db6d2ff42475b0b/Vor%20Frue%20Kirke_Kalundborg-4288x2359-1000x550.jpg ;
112

7.9 The Cathedral, Limburg an der Lahn, Hesse, Germany, 1235.
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Limburger_Dom_Bild_4.jpg/1024px-Limburger_Dom_Bild_4.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Domportal_Limburg.jpg/800px-Domportal_Limburg.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Limburger_Dom_BW_2.jpg/800px-Limburger_Dom_BW_2.jpg
113

7.10 Gothic architecture elements
Sources: http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/arch/gothic/gothic.jpg ;http://www.cathedralquest.com/images/gothicvaults.jpg ; http://www.kadvacorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Gothic-

Architectural-Style-Characteristics.jpg ; https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/40/flashcards/3149040/png/screen_shot_2015-01-25_at_71431_pm-14B24F4F71C43B724F3.png ;
http://www.medart.pitt.edu/image/England/Wells/cathedral-complex/Cathedral/Plans/df426wells-b.jpg
114

7.11 The Notre-Dame de Reims / the Our Lady of Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, 1275
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Reims_Kathedrale.jpg/800px-Reims_Kathedrale.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Cathedrale_de_Reims_1.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_%E2%80%94_Nef.jpg/800px-Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_%E2%80%94_Nef.jpg ;
115

7.12 The Church of Saint Martin of Tours, Frómista, Spain, 11th century
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/San_Mart%C3%ADn_de_Fr%C3%B3mista2.JPG/1024px-San_Mart%C3%ADn_de_Fr%C3%B3mista2.JPG ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/San_Martin_de_Fromista-Planta.jpg ; https://all-andorra.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Fr%C3%B3mista_architecture-min.png ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Fromista%2C_Iglesia_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn_de_Tours-PM_32922.jpg/220px-Fromista%2C_Iglesia_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn_de_Tours-
PM_32922.jpg ; https://www.recuerdosdemimochila.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Fr%C3%B3imista-4.jpg ; http://www.arquivoltas.com/8-palencia/Fromista%20G34.jpg
116

7.13 The Beaumaris Castle / Castell Biwmares, Isle of Anglesey, Wales, 1330
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Beaumaris-01s.jpg/1280px-Beaumaris-01s.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Beaumaris_Castle_-
_geograph.org.uk_-_1140107.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/SDJ_Harlech_Castle_Gatehouse.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Beaumaris_plan%2C_Cadw.jpg
117

7.14 The St.Stephen's Cathedral / Stephansdom, Vienna, Austria, 1365
the Roman Giant's Door (1137),

the Romanesque church (1263),
the Gothic Albertine Choir (1340),
the Duke Rudolf IV additions (1359)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Stephansdom_B.jpg/792px-Stephansdom_B.jpg ; https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR3x2iAc4PtJ--
NZm8VcqaSpiYufFk1Cqgv8to1_TISbtgVQxy9 ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Structures_roofs_St_Stephen's_cathedral_Vienna_modifi%C3%A9-2.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/StephansdomBauHistorie.svg/455px-StephansdomBauHistorie.svg.png
118

7.15 The Piazza dei Miracoli / the Piazza del Duomo, Pisa, Italia: the Cattedrale metropolitana
primaziale di Santa Maria Assunta, 1092 (arch. Buscheto, Rainaldo, Bonanno Pisano); the
Camposanto vecchio, 1278 (arch. Giovanni di Simone); the Campanile, 1373 (arch. Diotisalvi,
Bonanno Pisano, Giovanni di Simone, Giovanni Pisano); the Battistero di San Giovanni, 1390
(arch. Diotisalvi, Nicola e Giovanni Pisano, Cellino di Nese)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Italy_-_Pisa_-_Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa.jpg/1024px-Italy_-_Pisa_-_Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pisa_-_Cattedrale_da_Battistero_02.jpg/1024px-Pisa_-_Cattedrale_da_Battistero_02.jpg ;
https://media.zonzofox.com/cities/pisa/geoplaces/poi/800x400/pisa-battistero-di-san-giovanni-piazza-duomo-miracoli.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Camposanto_Monumentale_di_Pisa_%2816813099494%29.jpg/1280px-Camposanto_Monumentale_di_Pisa_%2816813099494%29.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Camposantopisa1.jpg/1024px-Camposantopisa1.jpg
119

The 8th Lecture:
THE EUROPEAN
ARCHITECTURE
OF 15th – 16th
CENTURIES

Almaty, 2023
8.1 The Doge's Palace / Palazzo Ducale, Venice, 1424

(Arch. Filippo Calendario)
Sources: http://traveldigg.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Doges-Palace-Venice-Photo.jpg ; http://www.planetware.com/photos-large/I/italy-venice-doges-palace-porta-della-carta.jpg ;
https://images.antiquemapsandprints.com/scansr/P-6-025863a.jpg ; http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/images-sculptures/calendario-capital.jpg ; https://77178c0c1bfcb830710b-
a90232e8849973b84abab337e6d8a01a.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/10/5/large.jpg ; https://fascination-venice.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Doges_Palace_02.jpg
121

8.2 The Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flowers / La Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore,
Florence, Italy, 1436 (Arch. Arnolfo di Cambio, Giotto di Bondone, Andrea Pisano, Francesco
Talenti, Giovanni di Lapo Ghini, Alberto Arnoldi, Giovanni d'Ambrogio, Neri di Fioravanteand
Orcagna, Filippo Brunelleschi)
Sources: http://www.arch.mcgill.ca/prof/sijpkes/arch374/winter2001/sfarfa/philopanoramica.jpg ; http://www.museumsinflorence.com/foto/duomo/image/imp.jpg ;

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/284/flashcards/3727284/png/18-1501242C82E1E74189A.png ; https://c1.staticflickr.com/5/4068/4470816301_afd8700fd6_b.jpg ;
http://members.iinet.net.au/~matteoli/images/bustoB.jpg
122

8.3 The “Ospedale degli Innocenti”, Florence, Italy, 1445

(Arch. Filippo Brunelleschi)
Source: http://camillagozza.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/5/8/25586066/492310185.jpg?676 ; http://paolorizzatto.it/wp-content/files_flutter/th_5c7a3dae1248e9283d9cbd61cd848035_1273770771R-MUDI-

04.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Ospedale_degli_innocenti,_chiostro_delle_donne_02.JPG ; https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8175/8027258182_87c6bc3efa_b.jpg ;
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/12-artedelrenacimiento-quattrocento-brunelleschi-120320174241-phpapp01/95/arquitectura-del-renacimiento-brunelleschi-48-728.jpg?cb=1332270854 ;
http://render.fineartamerica.com/images/rendered/medium/greeting-card/images-medium/1-filippo-brunelleschi-granger.jpg
123

8.4 The Palazzo Rucellai, Florence, Italy, 1451

(Arch. Leon Battista Alberti, Bernardo Rossellino)
Sources: https://www.exploringart.co/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Palace-Rucellai4_s.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Firenze_Palazzo_Rucellai.jpg ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Palazzo_rucellai%2C_ordine_architettonico_primo_piano_e_stemma.JPG/220px-
Palazzo_rucellai%2C_ordine_architettonico_primo_piano_e_stemma.JPG ; https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5cc95b569d4149226d0f4e4a/1556724618539-
RZ0Y0LJLAF9W05WTHYRJ/Piazza_Rucellai_01.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Leon_Battista_Alberti_1.jpg/220px-Leon_Battista_Alberti_1.jpg ;
https://alchetron.com/cdn/bernardo-rossellino-fa4f0142-14f8-4fed-a935-ed80fcd8bc7-resize-750.jpg
124

8.5 The Palazzo Medici / Palazzo Medici Riccardi, Florence, Italy, 1460
(Arch. Michelozzo di Bartolomeo Michelozzi)
Sources: http://www.babaimage.com/images/palazzo-medici-riccardi-palazzo-medici-riccardi.jpg ; http://www.florencewebguide.com/images/palazzo-medici-riccardi-exterior.jpg ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Palazzo_Medici_courtyard_Apr_2008_%2810%29.JPG/800px-Palazzo_Medici_courtyard_Apr_2008_%2810%29.JPG ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Fra_Angelico_074.jpg/220px-Fra_Angelico_074.jpg ; http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/giorgio.vasari/micheloz/michel7.jpg
125

8.6 Leon Battista Alberti. De re aedificatoria, 1485.

Альберти Л.-Б. Десять книг о зодчестве: В двух томах. – Москва: Издательство
Всесоюзной академии архитектуры, 1935-1937
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Alberti_-_De_re_aedificatoria%2C_1541_-_2495761_F.jpeg ; https://tehne.com/assets/i/upload/library/alberti-desiat-knig-o-zodchestve_t-
i_tekst-1935-cover1.png ; https://kaliningrade.narod.ru/artitaly/images/alberti02.jpg
126

8.7 The Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew / the Wells Cathedral, Somerset, Wells, 1490
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Wells_cathedral_16.JPG/1280px-Wells_cathedral_16.JPG ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wells_Cathedral_east_end_from_reflecting_pool_edit_1.jpg/1280px-Wells_Cathedral_east_end_from_reflecting_pool_edit_1.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wells_Cathedral_West_Front_Exterior%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/1024px-Wells_Cathedral_West_Front_Exterior%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg
127

8.8 The “Tempietto di San Pietro in Montorio”, Rome, Italy, 1502 (Arch. Donato Bramante /
Donato di Pascuccio d'Antonio / Bramante Lazzari)
Sources: http://intranet.pogmacva.com/uploads/img/673935f06245aabcf869ffe71e784e709b2a5d1e.jpg ; https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8311/7936578114_a3d065792a.jpg ;

http://www.weddingplanneronline.it/upload/dynamic_/1052/img/791-san-pietro-in-montorio_.jpg ; http://www.peoples.ru/art/architecture/donato_bramante/6r5QYHVRK2lRF.gif
128

8.9 The Château de Chambord, Chambord, France, 1547

(Arch. Domenico da Cortona / “Boccador”)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Chambord_Castle_Northwest_facade.jpg/1024px-Chambord_Castle_Northwest_facade.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/ChambordRoof.jpg/1024px-ChambordRoof.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/ChateauChambordArialView01.jpg/800px-ChateauChambordArialView01.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/ChambordGrundriss.png/800px-ChambordGrundriss.png
129

8.10 Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola. Regola delli cinque ordini d’architettura. – Roma, 1562.
Джакомо Бароцци да Виньола. Правило пяти ордеров архитектуры – Москва:
Издательство "Академия архитектуры СССР", 1939.
Sources: https://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/11916168-L.jpg ; https://tatlin.ru/MyWeb-Image/table/item_photos/field/file/content-field/content/equality-field/id/equality/4353/max-width/490/max-height/590/no-
crop/1/1/1.jpg ; http://www.chieracostui.com/costui/images/foto/rmbarozzi.jpg
130

8.11 The “La chiesa del Santissimo Nome di Gesù” / il Gesù, Roma, 1580
(Arch. Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola, Giacomo Della Porta)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Chiesa_gesu_facade.jpg ; http://polinice.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Vignola-IlGesu41-copia.jpg;

https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8320/8000083485_b6a0335feb_b.jpg ; http://www.architecturalorders.us/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/vignola.jpg
131

8.12 The Royal Site of San Lorenzo de El Escorial / Monasterio y Sitio de El Escorial en Madrid /
El Escorial, Town of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain, 1584
(Arch. Juan Bautista de Toledo, Juan de Herrera)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Facade_monastery_San_Lorenzo_de_El_Escorial_Spain.jpg/1280px-Facade_monastery_San_Lorenzo_de_El_Escorial_Spain.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Evangelg.jpg/800px-Evangelg.jpg ; http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_DS36E6Ak7xw/TB-
ZbkiqIwI/AAAAAAAAGQQ/gFI0EQfmd4w/s1600/IMG_2392.JPG ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Escorial_traza_def.jpg/800px-Escorial_traza_def.jpg ;
http://lagranjilla.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/juantoledo1.jpg ; http://www.hexapolis.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/El-Escorial_palace_monastery_plan_1.jpg ; http://palaciodelafresneda.com/wp-
content/uploads/2015/03/juanherreraok.jpg
132

8.13 Andrea Palladio. I quattro libri dell'architettura. – Dominico de' Francheschi, 1570.
Палладио Андреа. Четыре книги об архитектуре / Пер. с итал. И.В.Жолтовского. Под
ред. А.Г.Габричевского. – Москва: Стройиздат, 1989.
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Palladio_Titel_1642.jpg ; https://cc01.twirpx.net/0293/0293334.jpg?t=20201113000300 ж
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Palladio.jpg/274px-Palladio.jpg
133

8.14 The Villa Almerico Capra Valmarana / Villa La Rotonda, Vicenza, Italy, 1592
(Arch. Andrea Palladio)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Villa_Rotonda_side.jpg; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Palladio_Rotonda_planta_Scamozzi_1778.jpg ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Palladio_Rotonda_seccion_Scamozzi_1778.jpg ; http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8d0PCfnqW3g/Ta7d74MiE8I/AAAAAAAADkg/05zJN0sLDSg/s1600/Villa-
Palladiana-la-Rotonda.jpg ; http://static.admagazine.ru/resize_cache_imm/iblock/15e/ff92/610x713_Quality97_610x713_Quality97_SF18272.jpg
134

8.15 The Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire, England, 1597

(Arch. Robert Smythson)
Sources: https://c1.staticflickr.com/6/5348/8912886788_f12913ee32_b.jpg ; http://www.orms.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Orms-_Hardwick-Hall_Image-02.jpg
135

The 9th Lecture:
THE MEDIEVAL
ARCHITECTURE OF
THE CAUCASUS,
THE MIDDLE EAST
AND THE
MAGHREB

Almaty, 2023
9.1 The Region in the 8th , 11th and 14th centuries (maps)
Sources: http://www.karabakh.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/karabakh-Khazars-and-Seljugs-1097.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Europe_814.png ;

https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/maps/1360eur.jpg
137

9.2 North-Caucasian towers, XV - XVII c.: Erzi aul, Vovnushki aul, Svaneti, Haskaliaul
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Ingushetia_-_Erzi.jpeg; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Ingushetia_-_Vovnushki.jpeg;

http://www.istmira.ru/uploads/post/7/75-10.jpg; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Svaneti_-_Tower_%289458071303%29.jpg/800px-Svaneti_-_Tower_%289458071303%29.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Haskaliresidental.jpg
138

9.3 The Armenian architecture: the Saint Hripsime Church, Vagharshapat, 618; the Arichavank
monastery, Arich, 1201; the Holy Virgin Church, KhorVirap monastery, Ararat Province,
1662 ; the Etchmiadzin Cathedral, Vagharshapat (Etchmiadzin), VII - XVIII c.
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/S._Hripsime_exterior.JPG/1024px-S._Hripsime_exterior.JPG ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Harichavank-Harich2_-_Copy.JPG/1024px-Harichavank-Harich2_-_Copy.JPG;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/2014_Prowincja_Ararat%2C_Chor_Wirap_%2812%29.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Etchmiadzin_Cathedral_view.jpg
139

9.4 The Georgian architecture: the Chantry, Zegaani monastery, IV c.; the Jvari Monastery,
Mtskheta, 604 (Arch. Mikel Theli, Stefanoz); the Samtavisi Cathedral, 1030; the Grammy
castle, Kakheti, XVI c.; the Nikortsminda temple, 1014
Sources: http://travelgeorgia.ru/objects/gallery_file_963_b.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Georgia_Jvari_monastery_IMG_9345_2070.jpg/1024px-

Georgia_Jvari_monastery_IMG_9345_2070.jpg ;http://travelgeorgia.ru/objects/gallery_file_1562_b.jpg ; http://travelgeorgia.ru/files/file_400.jpg ; http://travelgeorgia.ru/objects/gallery_file_2207_b.jpg
140

9.5 The Azerbaijan’s architecture: the Maiden Tower / Giz Galasi, Baku, ~ 12th century (Arch. ~
Qubbeye Masud ibn Davud or Kubey Mesud ibn Da’ud); the Quadrangular castle
(Mardakan), Baku, XIV c.; the Momine Khatun Mausoleum, Nakhchivan City, 1187, (Arch.
Adjemi ibn Abubekr / Adjemi Nakchivani); the Shirvanshahs Palace, Baku, 15th century; the
Ateshgah / “House of Fire” fire-worshipers temple, Surakhani, XVII c.
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Torre_de_la_Doncella%2C_Baku%2C_Azerbaiy%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-26%2C_DD_08.jpg/320px-
Torre_de_la_Doncella%2C_Baku%2C_Azerbaiy%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-26%2C_DD_08.jpg; https://i.ytimg.com/vi/kBe0tQoY8Ks/maxresdefault.jpg;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Jungfrauenbastei.png/800px-Jungfrauenbastei.png; http://www.sinalcogroup.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Maiden_Tower_Baku-
1080x675.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mardakanbashnya2.JPG/1024px-Mardakanbashnya2.JPG ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Momine_Hatoon_Mausoleum.jpg/1024px-Momine_Hatoon_Mausoleum.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Palace_of_Shirvanshahs_common.JPG/1280px-Palace_of_Shirvanshahs_common.JPG ; http://www.rayda.az/images/ateshqah.jpg
141

9.6 The Dome of the Rock / Qubbat aṣ-Ṣakhra, Old City of Jerusalem, 691
(Arch. Rajaʾ ibn Ḥaywa ibn Khanzal al-Kindī, Yazid ibn Salam)
Sources: https://weatlas.com/img/landmarks/1019157255a09c0dfa11a371295944f6.jpg ; https://madainproject.com/content/media/collect/temple_mount_0478.jpg ; https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-perseus-

images/f664f86c24b814659853fd64d252e0568f5196b5.jpg ; https://www.ne.jp/asahi/arc/ind/2_meisaku/28_jerusalem/plan_eng.jpg ; https://www.ne.jp/asahi/arc/ind/2_meisaku/28_jerusalem/model.jpg ;
https://travelnotesandbeyond.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Dome-of-the-Rock-door-1-of-1.jpg
142

9.7 The Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba / the Cathedral of Santa Maria Madre de Dios (since
12th century), Cordoba, Spain, from 784
Sources: https://cdn.britannica.com/44/181044-050-95D17A9C/Mosque-Cathedral-of-Cordoba-Spain.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Plano_de_la_Mezquita_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28revised_with_labels_and_dates%29.jpg/800px-
Plano_de_la_Mezquita_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_%28revised_with_labels_and_dates%29.jpg
143

9.8 The Ibn Tulun mosque, Cairo, Egypt, 879; The Malwiya Minaret, the Great Mosque,
Samarra, Iraq 852; The Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan, Cairo, Egypt, 1362
Sources: http://imgtube.ru/images/stories/2013/11/941/06.jpg ; http://socks-studio.com/img/blog/samarra-14.jpg ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Great_Mosque_of_Samarra.jpg/387px-Great_Mosque_of_Samarra.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Mosque-
Madrassa_of_Sultan_Hassan_3.jpg/1280px-Mosque-Madrassa_of_Sultan_Hassan_3.jpg ; http://www.essential-architecture.com/ASIA-WEST/NA-EG/hassanmosque14.jpg ; http://faithandform.com/wp-
content/uploads/2015/09/GABER_2_2.jpg
144

9.9 The Aljaferia Palace, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain, second half of the 11th century
(finally restored in the 20th century)
Sources: https://fascinatingspain.com/wp-content/uploads/Palacio-de-La-Aljafer%C3%ADa2-1170x450.jpg ; https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-

uB1CdUAyPvE/XA6Z3x0y7QI/AAAAAAAAACk/MA2RzX1UmGchRyLb0QDN0nyJXHPA5GbRgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Aljafer%25C3%25ADa.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Patio_de_Santa_Isabel.jpg/1024px-Patio_de_Santa_Isabel.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Plano_Aljaferia224.jpg
; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/La_Aljafer%C3%ADa_-_Torre_del_trovador.JPG ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/La_Aljafer%C3%ADa_14092014_114441_05568.jpg/760px-Mapcarta.jpg
145

9.10 The Kutubiyya Mosque, Marrakesh, Morocco, 1195
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Koutoubia_minaret_south_side_top_tier2_%28retouched%29.jpg/1024px-
Koutoubia_minaret_south_side_top_tier2_%28retouched%29.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/MoroccoMarrakech_KoutoubiaMosqueTop.jpg/1024px-
MoroccoMarrakech_KoutoubiaMosqueTop.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Marokko0112_%28retouched%29.jpg ; https://www.alksar.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Plan-
de-la-Koutoubia-et-de-la-primo-mosquee-2.png
146

9.11 The Ottoman architecture: the Ulu Jami Mosque, Bursa, 1400 (Arch. Ali Nedzhar); the
Süleymaniye Mosque, Istanbul, 1557(Arch. Abdülmennanoğlu Sinaneddin Yusuf / Khoja
Sinan); the Selimiye Mosque, Edirne, 1575 (Arch. Khoja Sinan)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/71_Bursa_la_Grande_Moschea.jpg/1024px-71_Bursa_la_Grande_Moschea.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/S%C3%BCleymaniye_Mosque_exterior_view.JPG/1024px-S%C3%BCleymaniye_Mosque_exterior_view.JPG ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Selimiye_Mosque_2009.jpg/1024px-Selimiye_Mosque_2009.jpg
147

9.12 The Djinguereber Mosque (Masjid), 1327 (Arch. Abu Ishap Es-Saheli Altouwaidjin)
and the Sankoré Madrasah / Sankore Masjid, 1327, Timbuktu, Mali
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Djinguereber_in_Timbuktu.jpg/1280px-Djinguereber_in_Timbuktu.jpg ;
https://cdn4.img.ria.ru/images/106593/16/1065931604.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Djingareiber_cour.jpg/267px-Djingareiber_cour.jpg ;
http://archnet.org/system/media_contents/contents/75721/original/IMG41619.jpg?1384734506 ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Sankore_Moske_Timboektoe.JPG/800px-
Sankore_Moske_Timboektoe.JPG
148

9.13 Rock-hewn churches of Lalibela: the Church of Saint George, the Church of Emanuel, the
Church of Gabriel-Rufael, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, late 12th or early 13th century
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bete_Giyorgis_01.jpg/1280px-Bete_Giyorgis_01.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bete_Giyorgis_03.jpg/800px-Bete_Giyorgis_03.jpg ; http://socks-studio.com/img/blog/lalibela-07-Medhane-Alem.jpg ; http://socks-
studio.com/img/blog/lalibela-15.jpg ; https://ashtronort.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/gabriel-rafael-church-lalibela-bridge-to-bet.jpg
149

9.14 The Lions Palace, Alhambra, Granada, Spain,1377
Sources: http://www.granadatur.com/media/cache/f3/80/688x447xf3800a1c2b097aa74cd1d192f5882b5a.jpg.pagespeed.ic.sLLmkEHpfv.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Lindaraja_window,_the_Liones_Palace,_Alhambra,_Granada.JPG ; http://p4.storage.canalblog.com/49/39/1148385/92926863.jpg ;
http://m9.i.pbase.com/o6/15/700115/1/76902409.oIorhRrK.alhambra_1.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Alhambra_2015_004.jpg/280px-Alhambra_2015_004.jpg ;
https://lidbenit.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/leones.jpg
150

9.15 The “Bab Mansur al-‘Alj” triumphal gate, Meknes, Morocco, 1732
(Arch. Mansour al-‘Alj)
Sources: https://images.museumwnf.org/zoom/monuments/isl/ma/1/29/1.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Mekn%C3%A8s_-_Bab_Mansour_costat.jpg
151

The 10th Lecture:
THE ANCIENT
AND MEDIEVAL
CENTRAL ASIAN
ARCHITECTURE

Almaty, 2023
Albums of characteristic examples for the Educational course / by Dr.Konstantin I.Samoilov, Almaty, 2023
10.1 The Ancient and Medieval Central Asia: the Map
Sources: http://content.bfwpub.com/webroot_pubcontent/Content/Make%20History%202009/MapCentral/map13.1_AsiaFifteenthCentury.jpg
153

10.2 The Great Stupa, Sanchi Town, Madhya Pradesh, India, 3rd - 2nd century BC
Sources: http://dostoyanieplaneti.ru/media/k2/galleries/3815/Northern_gateway_to_the_Great_Stupa_3.jpg ; https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6218/6370232595_624c02a83f_b.jpg ;

https://www.litmir.co/BookBinary/169399/1371579434/i_014.png/0
154

10.3 The Karla Caves temple complex, Karli / Karla, Maharashtra, 1st-century BC
Sources: http://travelrope.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/ekvira_devi_temple-1024x768.jpg ; http://www.kamit.jp/07_lycia/karli.jpg ; http://img-

fotki.yandex.ru/get/5631/1771339.1ed/0_ae75a_7dbedd19_XL.jpg
155

10.4 Step-well, Chand Baori, Abhaneri village, Indian, 900
Sources: https://media.tacdn.com/media/attractions-splice-spp-674x446/06/d1/42/3a.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Abhaneri-Chand_Baori-12-Stufenbrunnen-2018-

gje.jpg/1280px-Abhaneri-Chand_Baori-12-Stufenbrunnen-2018-gje.jpg ;
https://www.jtconcierge.mc/sites/default/files/styles/flexslider_full/public/chiand%20baori%20IndiaGolden%20Triangle.jpg?itok=udL6dUzh
156

10.5 The Kailasanath Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India, 735-914
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fc/Kailash_temple_%28Ellora_cave_no_15%29_at_Verul.png ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ellora_Cave_16_si0300.jpg/1024px-Ellora_Cave_16_si0300.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Aurangabad%2Cellora_kailash_temple.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kailasa_temple_overview%2C_Ellora.jpg/1024px-Kailasa_temple_overview%2C_Ellora.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/The_Kaila%C5%9Ba_temple%2C_Cave_16.jpg/1280px-The_Kaila%C5%9Ba_temple%2C_Cave_16.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ground_plan_of_Kailash_Temple_at_Ellora_Caves_India.jpg/800px-Ground_plan_of_Kailash_Temple_at_Ellora_Caves_India.jpg
157

10.6 The Ismail Samani's mausoleum, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, 907 or 943
Sources: http://www.advantour.com/img/uzbekistan/bukhara/samanids-mausoleum1.jpg ; http://silkadv.com/sites/default/files/Uzbekistan/Pamytniki/Bukhara/Zagadka_mavsoleya_Samanidov/0_4_(26).JPG

; http://silkadv.com/sites/default/files/Uzbekistan/Pamytniki/Bukhara/Zagadka_mavsoleya_Samanidov/0_2_(25).JPG ; http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/6208/1771339.16c/0_968b2_9b023cf5_orig
158

10.7 The Gonbad-e Qabus Tower, Golestan Province, Iran, 1007
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Gonbad-e_Qabus_tower_%281%29.JPG ; https://ride.bluecrocodile.co.nz/app/uploads/2016/08/image-32.jpeg ;

https://api.tasteiran.net/Files/gonbad-e-gabus-dome-4310ec.jpg ; https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR4bQFOwkYmG5SVPn7AOiyl4WmuUYglNkb2e-
LqDD4cXtRUZeLawlsavj2gbubNroKIP84&usqp=CAU ; https://www.tasteiran.net/Files/Gonbad-e-Kavus-world-heritage-035ba0.jpg
159

10.8 The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple / the Great God of the Cave, Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh,
India, 1030
Sources: https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2798/4444205067_1abddff975_b.jpg ; http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DFEl1HQ7tf8/USEJ_y1CjII/AAAAAAAAAUU/BkMSKazrhOU/s1600/plan+and+section+proportion-

01.jpg ; https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2220/2138436618_9bffc48ed4_b.jpg
160

10.9 The Qutb Minar, Delhi, India, 1368
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Qutub_Minar_at_Delhi.jpg ; http://www.liveindia.com/redfort/QutbMinar4.jpg ;
https://granmogolhistoria.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/qutab-minar-architecture.jpg ; http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9R4lYsazWp4/UPlIJSaPZEI/AAAAAAAAALU/HGcuc9p_vR8/s1600/qutub-
minar+in+delhi.jpg
161

10.10 The Kumbum Monastery / Ta'er Temple, Qinghai, China, 1440
Sources: https://pic.pimg.tw/loloto/1480658679-2679580083_wn.jpg ; https://www.north-korea-travel.com/image-files/tibet-kumbum-gyantse.jpg ;
https://static.wixstatic.com/media/ab6b4a_77e1892417714e39a3da99fc06dceb96.jpg/v1/fill/w_560,h_372,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/ab6b4a_77e1892417714e39a3da99fc06dceb96.jpg ;
https://st.depositphotos.com/1905483/1686/i/450/depositphotos_16869111-stock-photo-gyantse-kumbum-tibet.jpg ; https://s14.stc.yc.kpcdn.net/share/i/12/9998841/wr-960.webp
162

10.11 The Registan square, Samarkand, Uzbekistan: Ulugh Beg's Madrasah (1420), the Tilya-
Kori Madrasah (1660), the Sher-Dor Madrasah (1636, arch. Abdul-Jabbar)
Sources: https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7337/12440439533_0d369743c1_b.jpg ; http://arx.novosibdom.ru/story/ARX_HISTORY/islam/pers/registan_01_01.gif ; https://cdn.audleytravel.com/-/-

/79/071206098179015061086001243126159057087058111157.jpg ; https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8414/8708652922_04784747f2_b.jpg ; http://www.greysilkriders.com/wp-
content/uploads/2012/05/DSC_0435.jpg
163

10.12 The Taj Mahal mausoleum, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, 1653
(Arch. Ustad Ahmad Lahauri)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg ; http://edtech2.boisestate.edu/alexisseidl/Images/taj3.jpg ;

http://www.krishnapath.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/photo-1-1024x679.jpg ; http://www.mapsofindia.com/agra/agra-images/taj-mahal/Yamuna-River-View-from-Taj-Mahal.jpg ;
https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/237/flashcards/2808237/png/taj_mahal_crossjpg1366858174136.png ; http://www.oberlin.edu/images/art234/MR-020.JPG
164

10.13 The Imam Square / Shah Square, Isfahan city, Iran: the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque
(1619, arch. Ustad Mohammad Reza Isfahani), the Shah Mosque (1629, arch. Shaykh-i
Baha-i)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Naghshe_Jahan_Square_Isfahan_modified.jpg/1280px-Naghshe_Jahan_Square_Isfahan_modified.jpg ;
http://www.ne.jp/asahi/arc/ind/2_meisaku/53_lotfollah/lot_eng.htm ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sheikh_Lotfallah_Esfahan.JPG/1280px-Sheikh_Lotfallah_Esfahan.JPG ;
http://photos.wikimapia.org/p/00/04/83/66/61_big.jpg
165

10.14 The Mohammed Adil Shah's mausoleum / “Gol Gumbaz”, Bijapur, India, 1656
(Arch. Yaqut of Dabul)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/GolGumbaz2.jpg/1200px-GolGumbaz2.jpg ; https://img.clipartfest.com/023e2a6f9f438ed09447984cb52a96db_clipart-info-gol-
gumbaz-section-clipart-wallpapers_1024-1000.gif ; https://archnet.org/system/media_contents/contents/90651/original/IAA103546.jpg?1400865227
166

10.15 The Potala Palace, Lhasa, Tibet, China, 1694
Sources: https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_0707_0001-1200-630-20110920202629.jpg ; https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6d8580d0-f084-4894-88c4-497ce1287a60/00000165-81e1-df80-affd-

f1e5aba90000.jpg ; https://cdn.britannica.com/76/178676-050-83320CAF/Potrang-Karpo-complex-Lhasa-Potala-Palace-China.jpg ; https://intothemiddlekingdom.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/potala-4.jpg
167

The 11th Lecture:
THE CHINESE
ARCHITECTURE
HISTORY UP TO
THE MIDDLE OF
THE 19th CENTURY

Almaty, 2023
11.1 The Ancient and Medieval China: the Map and the Periodisation
Sources: https://gibaulthistory.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/classical-china-map.jpg ; http://mrbanh.wikispaces.com/file/view/Hr_02_-_China_Timeline.jpg/178351193/Hr_02_-_China_Timeline.jpg
169

11.2 Bracket arm clusters containing cantilevers, Tenon and mortice work of tie beams and cross
beams, Bracket arm clusters containing cantilevers, Transverse corbel brackets, Bracket and
cantilever arms, Timber frame paifang; Revolving-Buddhist Sutra Case – 營造法式 / 营造法式 /
“Yingzao Fashi” / “Treatise on Architectural Methods or State Building Standards”,
by Li Jie (李誡; 1065–1110), 1103
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Yingzao_Fashi_1_desmear.JPG/800px-Yingzao_Fashi_1_desmear.JPG ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Yingzao_Fashi_2_desmear.JPG/800px-Yingzao_Fashi_2_desmear.JPG ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Yingzao_Fashi_3_desmear.JPG/800px-Yingzao_Fashi_3_desmear.JPG ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Yingzao_Fashi_4_desmear.JPG ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Yingzao_Fashi_5_desmear.JPG/800px-
Yingzao_Fashi_5_desmear.JPG ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Buddhist_ark_used_by_Chinese_Jews.jpg/800px-Buddhist_ark_used_by_Chinese_Jews.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Yingzaofashi_wutoumen.jpg/800px-Yingzaofashi_wutoumen.jpg
170

11.3 Structural features of buildings
Types of roofs: 1 – “xuanshan”;

2 – “yingshan”; 3 – “wudian”; 4 – “seshan”; 5 –
“zhongyan seshan”;
6 – “zhongyan wudian”
Sources: https://east.totalarch.com/sites/default/files/uha_9/china/439-1.jpg ; https://east.totalarch.com/sites/default/files/uha_9/china/435.jpg ;
https://ic.pics.livejournal.com/chin_tu_fat/46545349/1416/1416_900.png ; https://east.totalarch.com/sites/default/files/uha_9/china/438.jpg
171

11.4 The “Great Wall of China” / Wànlǐ Chángchéng, from III century BC to 1644
Sources: http://www.bugaga.ru/uploads/posts/2012-10/1351537405_thegreat-wallof-china-6.jpg ; http://loveopium.ru/content/2012/10/thewall/04s.jpg ; http://loveopium.ru/content/2012/10/thewall/03s.jpg

; http://loveopium.ru/content/2012/11/badalin/00.jpg ; http://1chudo.ru/images/materials/7velkitst/5.jpg
172

11.5 The Hanging Monastery, Jinlong Canyon, near Datong, Shanxi province, 491
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Xuankongsi.jpg/1280px-Xuankongsi.jpg;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Hanging_Monastery_Shanxi.jpg/800px-Hanging_Monastery_Shanxi.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hanging_Monastery_entrance.jpg/1280px‐Hanging_Monastery_entrance.jpg
173

11.6 The Songyue Pagoda, 523 AD; the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, 652; the Nine Pinnacle
Pagoda, 8th century; the Three Pagodas of Chong Sheng Temple, 9th and 10th century; the
Fogong Temple Pagoda, 1056; the Liuhe Pagoda, 1165 AD; the Lingxiao Pagoda of
Zhengding, 1045 AD; the Pizhi Pagoda, 1063; the Four Gates Pagoda, 611; the Pagoda of
Tianning Temple, 1120; the Longhua Pagoda, 977; the Daqin Pagoda, 640
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Songyue_Pagoda_1.JPG/800px-Songyue_Pagoda_1.JPG ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Giant_Wild_Goose_Pagoda.jpg/1280px-Giant_Wild_Goose_Pagoda.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Jiudingta_2008_07_15_1.jpg/800px-Jiudingta_2008_07_15_1.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg/800px-The_Fugong_Temple_Wooden_Pagoda.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Dalisanta.jpg/1280px-Dalisanta.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Liuhe_Pagoda.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Zhengding_Lingxiao_Pagoda_3.jpg/800px-Zhengding_Lingxiao_Pagoda_3.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pagoda_at_Lingyan_Si.jpg/800px-Pagoda_at_Lingyan_Si.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Four_gates_pagoda_shandong_2006_09.jpg/1280px-Four_gates_pagoda_shandong_2006_09.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tianning_Pagoda_1.JPG/800px-Tianning_Pagoda_1.JPG ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Longhua_Pagoda.JPG/800px-Longhua_Pagoda.JPG ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Da_Qin_Pagoda.jpg/800px-
Da_Qin_Pagoda.jpg
174

11.7 The Pagoda's Cross section:

the Qianxun Pagoda, Chongsheng Monastery, Dali, Yunnan, circa 9th century;
the White Pagoda, Dule Monastery, Jixian, Hebei, before 1058;
the Ruiguang Pagoda, Ruiguang Monastery, Suzhou, Jiangsu, early 11th century;
the North Pagoda, Chaoyang, Liaoning, 1044.
Sources: https://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/ars/images/13441566.0046.005-00000011-lg.jpg ; https://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/ars/images/13441566.0046.005-00000012-lg.jpg ;

https://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/ars/images/13441566.0046.005-00000013-lg.jpg ; https://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/ars/images/13441566.0046.005-00000017b-lg.jpg
175

11.8 The Qianxun Pagoda and its two subsidiary pagodas, Chongsheng Monastery, Dali,
Yunnan, China, circa 9th century
Sources: https://ak-d.tripcdn.com/images/0103z1200087e49ygB1FE.jpg ; https://vyctravel.com/libs/upload/ckfinder/images/C%C3%B4n%20Minh/tam%20thap%20dai%20li.png ;

https://youimg1.tripcdn.com/target/100g11000000qamch8D39.jpg
176

11.9 Paifang / Pailou / Honorary gates – in the Xidi villageree 15th century; in the Beihai Park,
Beijing; in the Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 202 BC – 220 AD; in the Gansu Province
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Xidi1024x1360.jpg/800px-Xidi1024x1360.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Color_glaze_gateway_Puotuo_Zongcheng.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Ornamental_Gateway_(Pailou)_from_Han_Dynasty_(202_BCE_%E2%80%93_220_CE)_across_a_Street_Lined_with_Small_Shops._Hanzhong,_S
haanxi_Province,_China,_1875_WDL2092.png ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/An_arch_pailou_in_honor_of_Ma_Anliang.jpg
177

11.10 The Foguang temple, Wutai Mountain, 857
Sources: http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/55346080.jpg ; http://bse.sci-lib.com/a_pictures/18/01/205184291.jpg ; http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/55343986.jpg
178

11.11 The Dule Temple (the Shannen, the Guanyin Pavilion),

Jizhou District, Tianjin suburban, China, 984
Sources: https://east.totalarch.com/sites/default/files/uha_9/china/388-3.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_Shan_Gate_of_Dule_Temple.JPG/1280px-

The_Shan_Gate_of_Dule_Temple.JPG ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Guanyin_Pavilion_of_Dule_Temple.JPG/1280px-Guanyin_Pavilion_of_Dule_Temple.JPG ;
https://govt.chinadaily.com.cn/images/201908/16/5d566478498ebcb1177b0273.jpeg ; https://www.chinatoursnet.com/uploads/main/litimg/2019-07-11/5d26a8f06345b.jpg ; https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTvddyR2K107e_EBbuhl3ooLHcA8zAxiK8X7lXfPrGogYRNfD3PLHqNZem1OU7-qJ0J0WM&usqp=CAU
179

11.12 The “Forbidden City” / Imperial Palace, Beijing, China, 1420
Sources: http://www.sesawi.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Forbidden-City-China-from-the-sky-by-Historical-Guide-of-China.jpg ; http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
5_9mfBqX8mk/UY4dDRoWesI/AAAAAAAAEgM/oGldDN-OlDo/s1600/IMG_9628.JPG ; https://oliviastudyabroadchina.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/img_5281.jpg ; http://www.orientalica.com/wp-
content/uploads/2013/05/dvorec-gugun-3.jpg
180

11.13 The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests in the Temple of Heaven, Beijing, China, 1420
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/11_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg/1280px-11_Temple_of_Heaven.jpg ; http://traveltochina.ru/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Hram-Neba-

sverhu-e1367834221410.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Hall_of_Prayer_for_Good_Harvests_interior_2014.jpg/800px-
Hall_of_Prayer_for_Good_Harvests_interior_2014.jpg
181

11.14 The Anji Bridge / "Safe crossing bridge", Hebei Province, 605 (Arch.-Build. Li Chun);
the Jade Belt Bridge / the Camel's Back Bridge / the Moon bridge, the Summer Palace,
Beijing, 1764; The Marco Polo Bridge or Lugou Bridge, 1698
Sources: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5578a23ae4b06792b6bcbf49/t/557f5456e4b09caf90c46413/1434408056397/ ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gaoliang_Bridge.JPG/1280px-Gaoliang_Bridge.JPG ; http://global-politics.co.uk/wp/wp-
content/uploads/2015/09/2741118157_a33b9dd917_b.jpg ; http://images.chinahighlights.com/attraction/beijing/marco-polo-bridge/marco-polo-bridge01.jpg
182

11.15 The Twin Dragon Bridge / Shuāng Lóng Qiáo / 双龙桥, the confluence of the Lu and
Tachong Rivers, Yunnan, China, 1839
Sources: https://wideangleadventure.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Twin-Dragon-Bridge-1-of-1-1024x683.jpg ; https://encrypted-

tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQyT0LY8Og7BXph0s027p86WPPC9sSIoXO3MHMOYzgISHjjnCFxPFBkqikAYjV1oieuk_k&usqp=CAU ;
https://t3.ftcdn.net/jpg/03/59/37/36/360_F_359373609_uW6ySPzLYlfrmOCPLuu65YgNmzwPS7ZC.jpg
183

The 12th Lecture:
THE MEDIEVAL
SOUTHEAST
AND EAST ASIA
ARCHITECTURE

Almaty, 2023
12.1 The Medieval South East and East Asia: the Map

Sources: http://www.timemaps.com/store/timemaps/2012/4/eastasia_ad1453_copy2.jpg
185

12.2 The Borobudur temple, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia, 9th century
(Restored by Theodoor van Erp, 1911)
Sources: https://ak-d.tripcdn.com/images/1i63v2224oa7dxxsgB3BB.jpg?proc=source/trip ; https://wonderout.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Borobudur-Temple-14.jpg ; https://www.novo-

monde.com/app/uploads/2023/05/yogyakarta-borobudur3-1024x680.jpg
186

12.3 Prambanan Temple Compounds, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Java island, Indonesia,
early 10th century
Sources: https://img.freepik.com/premium-photo/aerial-view-beautiful-landscape-prambanan-temple-complex-yogyakarta-indonesia_216263-1585.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Prambanan_Temple_Compound_Map_en.svg/800px-Prambanan_Temple_Compound_Map_en.svg.png ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Prambanan_Java243.jpg/1024px-Prambanan_Java243.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Prambanan_Cross_Section_Shiva.svg/800px-Prambanan_Cross_Section_Shiva.svg.png
187

12.4 The Angkor Wat / “Capital Temple”, Angkor, Siem Reap Province, Cambodia, 12th century
Sources: https://lonelyplanetwp.imgix.net/2016/01/angkor-wat-towers.jpg?fit=min&q=40&sharp=10&vib=20&w=1470 ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Angkor_Wat_M3.png ;
http://www.mysteryofindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Angkor-Wat.jpg ; https://cdn.getyourguide.com/niwziy2l9cvz/3EjSdUOeysYgGWg8UE2kEG/aa8d3b410d33862044f8e27fbaa9fcad/Cambodia-
angkor-wat-1500x850__2_.jpg
188

12.5 The Vietnam’s architecture: the Po Nagar / Cham temple tower, Nha Trang, 781; the
Pagoda of the Celestial Lady / Chùa Thiên Mụ / Linh Mụ Pagoda, Huế, 1601; the Trấn Quốc
Pagoda / Chùa Trấn Quốc, Hanoi, VI c. - 1815
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Champa_Po_Nagar_Nha_Trang.jpg/1280px-Champa_Po_Nagar_Nha_Trang.jpg ;
http://esphoto980x880noname.mnstatic.com/23a3ce5a5754c51e636f482d4b274347 ; http://media.tinmoi.vn/2011/08/19/5_21_1313733650_2_hanoi-pagoda.jpg
189

12.6 The Shwedagon Pagoda (stupa) / Great Dagon Pagoda / Golden Pagoda, Yangon,
Myanmar, 1372 (Arch. Okkalapa of Burma); the Kyaiktiyo Pagoda / Golden Rock, Mon
State, Burma / Myanmar, 5th century BC / 16th century AD
Sources: https://www.airpano.com/files/Shwedagon-Pagoda-Myanmar/image1a.jpg ; http://www.globeholidays.net/Asia/Myanmar/Media/Yangon_Pagoda_Shwedagon.jpg .

http://www.paperplanesblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/IMG_1963.jpg ; http://paranormal-news.ru/_nw/119/s26516996.jpg
190

12.7 The Thailand’s architecture: the Chedi, Wat Phra Si Sanphet, Ayutthaya, 15th c.; the
Central prang, Wat Ratchaburana, Ayutthaya, 1424; Wat Phra Phutthabat, Saraburi, 17th c.
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Templo_Phra_Si_Sanphet%2C_Ayutthaya%2C_Tailandia%2C_2013-08-23%2C_DD_01.jpg/800px-
Templo_Phra_Si_Sanphet%2C_Ayutthaya%2C_Tailandia%2C_2013-08-23%2C_DD_01.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Wat_Ratchaburana_Ayutthaya_Thailand_05.jpg/800px-Wat_Ratchaburana_Ayutthaya_Thailand_05.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Wat_Phra_Phuttha_Baht.jpg
191

12.8 The Korean architecture: the Cheomseongdae - an astronomical observatory, Gyeongju,

647; the Dabotap pagoda, Bulguksa temple, 751; the Seokgatap (Sakyamuni Pagoda) /
Sakyamuni Yeoraesangjuseolbeop Tap / Shadowless Pagoda / Bulguksa Samcheung
Seoktap ("three-storied stone pagoda of Bulguksa"), Bulguksa temple, 751
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Korea-Gyeongju-Cheomseongdae-02.jpg/800px-Korea-Gyeongju-Cheomseongdae-02.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/184_%EB%B6%88%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC_%EB%8B%A4%EB%B3%B4%ED%83%91.jpg/1280px-
184_%EB%B6%88%EA%B5%AD%EC%82%AC_%EB%8B%A4%EB%B3%B4%ED%83%91.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Seokgatap_bulguksa.jpg/800px-
Seokgatap_bulguksa.jpg
192

12.9 The Korean architecture: the Pungnammun Gate, Jeonju city, 1768; the Pagoda, Beopju
temple, Songnisan National Park, 1624
Sources: http://photos.wikimapia.org/p/00/01/53/23/84_big.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Beopjusa_Temple_Stay_in_Korea._Palsangjeon_%28five-

story_wooden_pagoda%29.jpg/800px-Beopjusa_Temple_Stay_in_Korea._Palsangjeon_%28five-story_wooden_pagoda%29.jpg
193

12.10 The Daisenryō Kofun, Furuichi Kofun Group, Osaka, Japan, 5th c.; the Kon-dō and
pagoda at Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, Nara, Japan, 7th c.
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/NintokuTomb.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Furuichi_kofun_group.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Horyu-ji11s3200.jpg/1280px-Horyu-ji11s3200.jpg
194

12.11 The Shosoin Storehouse, Todaiji Temple, Nara, Japan, 759
Sources: https://shosoin.kunaicho.go.jp/img/about/shosoin_repository_01.jpg ; https://smarthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Azekura-dukuri_JPN.jpg ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%E6%AD%A3%E5%80%89%E9%99%A2_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/1024px-%E6%AD%A3%E5%80%89%E9%99%A2_-
_panoramio_%281%29.jpg ; https://media.gettyimages.com/id/457644802/photo/in-this-aerial-image-the-shosoin-repository-in-nara-that-finished-undergoing-more-than-
three.jpg?s=612x612&w=0&k=20&c=_ycGgZ-UkMJAu7_q0VkRdaRDkPjoTKmJdgPujFmdsS8=
195

12.12 The Pagoda of Ichijō-ji, Kasai, Hyōgo, Japan, 1171; the Phoenix Hall at Byōdō-in, Uji,
Kyoto, Japan, 1053; Typical minka-style gasshō-zukuri farmhouse
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ichijoji_Kasai13bs4272.jpg/800px-Ichijoji_Kasai13bs4272.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Byodo-

in_Uji01pbs2640.jpg/1280px-Byodo-in_Uji01pbs2640.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gassho-zukuri_farmhouse-01.jpg/1920px-Gassho-zukuri_farmhouse-01.jpg
196

12.13 The Pagoda of Negoro-ji in Iwade, Wakayama, Japan, 1547; the Himeji Castle, Himeji,
Hyōgo, Japan, 1618; the Tenshu of Hirosaki Castle in Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan, 1611
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Negoroji03s3200.jpg/800px-Negoroji03s3200.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Himeji_Castle_01s2048.jpg/1280px-Himeji_Castle_01s2048.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Hirosakijo.jpg/800px-Hirosakijo.jpg
197

12.14 The Great Mosque of Banten, Old Banten, Serang, Indonesia, 1566; 1632
(Arch. Cek-ban-cut, Hendrik Lucas Cardeel)
Sources: https://web.archive.org/web/20161026053026if_/http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/80864259.jpg ; https://dbijapkm3o6fj.cloudfront.net/resources/26659,1004,1,6,4,0,600,450/-4601-

/20200716211951/masjid-agung-banten.jpeg ; https://media.istockphoto.com/id/1372889294/photo/aerial-view-of-grand-mosque-in-banten-top-view-of-the-mosque-forest-serang-
indonesia.jpg?s=612x612&w=0&k=20&c=BFfHe1n8oN_F3_OZdaWs89zz4LjpKCBH6c9llRU58E4=
198

12.15 The Taman Ayun complex, Mengvi, Bali island, Indonesia, 1634
(Arch. Ing Khang Ghoe)
Sources: https://cdn.tripster.ru/thumbs2/a6a61658-cbf3-11ec-8733-3e5be7589bf5.800x600.jpeg ; https://www.bali-atv-ride.com/images/TamanAyunTemple.jpg ;

https://www.vipgeo.ru/uploads/Showplace/large/115777.jpg ; https://images.mamaasia.info/content/uploads/2018/09/22204512/Taman_Aun_14-1280x853.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Main_sanctum%2C_Taman_Ayun.JPG/1280px-Main_sanctum%2C_Taman_Ayun.JPG
199

The 13th Lecture:
THE ANCIENT
AND
THE MEDIEVAL
CENTRAL AMERICA
ARCHITECTURE

Almaty, 2023
13.1 The Ancient and Medieval Central America: the Map and the Periodisation
Sources: http://www.ducksters.com/history/aztec_maya_inca_map_lg.gif ; https://gamedesigncksst.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/timeline.jpg ;

http://newellta.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/7/8/30789823/748299_orig.gif
201

13.2 The Olmec Great Pyramid, La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico, 394 +/- 30 BC
Sources: http://www.quantumgaze.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/great-pyramid-la-venta.jpg ; https://photos.travelblog.org/Photos/135639/446806/f/4383116-La-Venta-Olmec-Ruins-0.jpg ;

https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/712/flashcards/3003712/png/screen_shot_2014-02-07_at_32835_pm-1440E42EE97070C2385.png
202

13.3 Mesoamerican Ballcourts: at Xochicalco, at Cobá, at Chichen Itza;

Cross-sections; a Terminology (5th century BC – 10th century AD)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Xochicalco_ballcourt_2.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coba_Ballcourt-27527.jpg/1920px-

Coba_Ballcourt-27527.jpg ; http://www.historyonthenet.com/sites/default/files/styles/adaptive/public/field/image/800px-GreatBallCourt-interior.jpg?itok=k7XScTUF ; http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-
get2/I0000PjihbLEYFK4/fit=1000x750/Mexico-Coba-Mayan-Ruins-Sacred-Ball-Game-Hoop.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Mesoamerican_Ballcourt_cross-
sections_3.svg/1024px-Mesoamerican_Ballcourt_cross-sections_3.svg.png ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Mesoamerican_Ballcourt_terminology_schema.svg/1774px-
Mesoamerican_Ballcourt_terminology_schema.svg.png
203

13.4 The Monte Albán, the Zapotec's city on a hill, Central Oaxaca Valleys, Mexico, ~ 600 BC
Sources: https://4.bp.blogspot.com/_uXDMPKN0Bjo/TIBNzaNciyI/AAAAAAAAFdw/gqNLQ_Do6o4/s640/MA+So+Platform+from+VG.jpg ;
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/_uXDMPKN0Bjo/TIA_46IWj8I/AAAAAAAAFX4/3FSYzuEMVJg/s640/MA+bldg+H.jpg ;
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/_uXDMPKN0Bjo/TIA_xPRfR8I/AAAAAAAAFXw/YZpse1Hm80A/s640/MA+bldg+H+closeup.jpg ;
https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/263/flashcards/2032263/png/411351750432350.png ;
204

13.5 The Zapotec's town of Mitla, State of Oaxaca, Mexico, ~ 100 BC
Sources: http://www.oaxacamtb.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/nggalleries/mitla/mg_6066.jpg ; https://images.robertharding.com/preview/RM/RH/HORIZONTAL/1242-40.jpg ; http://www.anotherthink.com/wp-

content/uploads/2013/07/Temple-amid-the-ruins.jpg ; http://www.delange.org/Mitla/Mitla.jpg
205

13.6 The Palace, Palenque, Chiapas, Mexico, 668
Sources: https://www.paper-dragon.com/fistsand45s/wp-content/uploads/palace-palenque.jpg ; https://www.verpais.com/fotos_originales/8/1/2/00090812.jpg ;
https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/i1PDpGWWCy8AGWT2kVX-ypBX0N0=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/view-of-the-palace-palenque-unesco-world-heritage-list-1987-
chiapas-mexico-mayan-civilization-7th-8th-century-557378321-58b1a3233df78cdcd8d7034e.jpg ; https://encrypted-
tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSVR1WtUZvglvl4zbctRm1QHyZ4wwHIiaOumaxifh8_OiutyxOl ; https://www.ontheroadin.com/Mexico%20Archeology/palenque%20day%201%20bb_7233.jpg
206

13.7 The Temple of the Cross Complex (temples “of the Foliated Cross”, “of the Cross”, “of
the Sun”), Palenque, Chiapas, Mexico, 611
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Palenque_-_Las_Cruces_-
_Templo_del_Cruz_%28g.%29%2C_Templo_del_Cruz_%28d.%29%2C_Palacio_%28fond%29.JPG/1024px-Palenque_-_Las_Cruces_-
_Templo_del_Cruz_%28g.%29%2C_Templo_del_Cruz_%28d.%29%2C_Palacio_%28fond%29.JPG ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/El_Templo_de_la_Cruz.jpg/1024px-
El_Templo_de_la_Cruz.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/The_American_Indian_Fig_50.jpg/800px-The_American_Indian_Fig_50.jpg ;
https://www.mesoweb.com/palenque/features/new_ruler/media/first_newmap_crp.gif ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Temple_of_the_Foliated_Cross_%288264793740%29.jpg/1024px-Temple_of_the_Foliated_Cross_%288264793740%29.jpg
207

13.8 “El Caracol” – the Observatory, Chichen Itza, Yucatán Peninsula, 960
Sources: https://scontent.fala4-3.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-9/172937951_10159493248523767_5796624743061801700_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=730e14&_nc_ohc=kbiUI9D-
x94AX9Yg0pS&_nc_ht=scontent.fala4-3.fna&oh=00_AfCTJ7XuebBMAy8N90ZiP8su0Dp7ULCTQzImf54GV4corQ&oe=64F73490 ; https://i.ytimg.com/vi/RXeBhGgGqYE/hq720.jpg?sqp=-
oaymwEhCK4FEIIDSFryq4qpAxMIARUAAAAAGAElAADIQj0AgKJD&rs=AOn4CLDxgAMgJsP9OoaZIvYMjx8wtMDaPA ; https://i.pinimg.com/736x/4c/f8/ea/4cf8eae0970858f2c8a1cacace1c8382.jpg
208

13.9 Mayan Pyramids (Mexico and Guatemala): the Magician; the Sun; the Temple of the
Inscriptions; the El Castillo; the Tikal; the Tulum
Sources: http://www.ralphmag.org/HM/pyramid-uxmal1000x666.jpg ; https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1u5AwNVXXXXb_XFXXq6xXFXXXi/24x36-Central-America-Architecture-font-b-Maya-b-font-Culture-

Stairs-Pyramid-Scenery-Landscape-Fabric-Silk.jpg ; http://resources.touropia.com/gfx/b/2010/06/pyramid_of_the_sun-1.jpg ; http://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/display-3102.jpg ;
http://www.maya.newmentor.net/palenque008b.jpg ; http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/image-233.jpg
209

13.10 Mayan Pyramids (Mexico and Guatemala): the Edificio-14, the Temple of the Two-
Headed Snake Tikal, the Cobá, the Yaxha, the Nohoch Mul, the La Danta
Sources: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aLhbLn_Y2lI/UOsB7la5cCI/AAAAAAAAFnU/3kZYDEKJjXk/s1600/reforma-double-pyramid-edificio-14.jpg ; http://tropixtraveler.com/web/wp-
content/uploads/2015/11/314-Guatemala-Yaxha-.jpg ; http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/a_f/bronk/temple.jpg ;
http://newmedia.thomson.co.uk/live/vol/0/beaf54281259e419e3de3e53ee0dcc862092c3d2/1080x608/web/CARIBBEANMEXICOMEXICOCON_MEXMEXICO-
CARIBBEANCOASTMEXICORESORTSCOBAMAYANTRADITIONS.jpg ; http://www.sandinmysuitcase.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Coba-Gautier-Poupeau.jpg ;
http://aroundtheworldwithjustin.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/GOPR7632_01.jpg
210

13.11 Maya ruins:

the Gateway at Labna; the Ruta Puuc; the Uxmal; the Hochob; the Pyramid of the Niches
Sources: http://mydigitalcarpet.com/mexico03/images/labna/lab0957m.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Hochob.jpg ;
http://www.maya-aztec.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/uxmal007.jpg ;
https://resources.stuff.co.nz/content/dam/images/1/f/z/a/z/e/image.related.StuffLandscapeSixteenByNine.620x349.1fz6ev.png/1481250546240.jpg ;
http://for91days.com/photos/Yucatan/Uxmal%20Maya/35%20Uxmal%20Uxmal%20Maya%20Ruins%2020131208%20for91days.com.JPG ; http://bl.com.ua/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/tajin-720x481.jpg
211

13.12 The Pikillaqta, Cuzco Valley, Peru, 500-1200
Sources: ;http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mlnUvooot5c/Vb0ZaGFSZZI/AAAAAAAAHFE/5wD6ADvA9NE/s1600/calle%2Brecta.JPG ; http://www.machupicchuperutravels.com/images/pikillacta.jpg ;
http://www.qerostours.com/images/images-qeros-tours/peru-tours/cusco-tours/south-valley/tipon-inca-complex.jpg ; https://assets.isu.pub/document-structure/210913221302-
2980357bb256d63918b6e00e9aa03067/v1/f529f4f87b4d9041921e785a2aacb7e5.jpeg
212

13.13 The Tipon, Cuzco Valley, Peru, 15th century
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tip%C3%B3n_Archaeological_site_-_stepping_stones.jpg/1024px-Tip%C3%B3n_Archaeological_site_-_stepping_stones.jpg ;
https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4410/36945702701_76e041741f_c.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tip%C3%B3n_Archaeological_site_-_overview.jpg/1024px-
Tip%C3%B3n_Archaeological_site_-_overview.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tipon_-_Cusco.jpg/1280px-Tipon_-_Cusco.jpg ;
https://www.boletomachupicchu.com/gutblt/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/tipon-canales-agua.jpg
213

13.14 The Saksaywaman citadel, Cuzco Valley, Peru (Arch.-Build.: Apu Val'pa
Rimachi, Inka Mari-Kanchi, Akavana Inka, Kal'ya Kunchuy, 1471-1525)
Sources: http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/360/cache/sacsayhuaman-peru_36097_600x450.jpg ; https://img.itinari.com/pages/images/original/8ffc0314-e9b2-49f5-8050-
cb3b56ecfbea-istock-creative-family.jpg?ch=DPR&dpr=2.625&w=1600&s=961121c5af10bcbf9c4a5d7afadf5711 ; https://citiesoftheworld-hotel-cusco.com/blog-fot/the-sacsayhuaman-fortress-1.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_24.JPG/1280px-
Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n%2C_Cusco%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-31%2C_DD_24.JPG
214

13.15 The Inca site of Machu Picchu, Andes above the river Urubamba, Peru, 1440-1532
Sources: https://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/2331.jpg?v=1431031288 ; https://richedwardsimagery.files.wordpress.com/2016/01/the-main-temple-at-machu-picchu-peru-exemplifies-the-incas-
design-architectural-and-construction-skills-in-a-culture-without-writing.jpg?w=584 ; http://media.dreamplango.com/resources/dpg/760x520/54d73dd5-d1b3-41ae-9326-7f58f5a757d2.jpg ;
http://www.dulichtet.com/data/gallery/fullsize//2010-05-19machupicchu-114_7708.jpg
215

The 14th Lecture:
THE EASTERN
EUROPEAN
ARCHITECTURE
OF 11th – 19th
CENTURIES

Almaty, 2023
14.1 The Russian territories from 1533 to 1894
Sources: https://assets.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-7253fe1b45a477cbc236a8a3300970ce
217

14.2 The Cathedral of Saint Demetrius, Vladimir city, Russia, 1191 or 1197
Sources: http://www.nice-places.com/data/articles/gallery/448/4352.jpg ; http://art-alex.ru/wp-

content/uploads/2015/11/%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80-
%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5.-%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD.jpg; http://blog-
media.kvartirka.com/2014/04/4336891_large.jpg
218

14.3 The Church of Theodore Stratilat “on the Stream” (on Fedorov Street),
Veliky Novgorod, 1360-1361
Sources: https://etoretro.ru/data/media/44/9.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Church_of_Saint_Theodore_Stratelates_on_the_Brook_%28Novgorod%29_05.jpg/800px-

Church_of_Saint_Theodore_Stratelates_on_the_Brook_%28Novgorod%29_05.jpg ; https://istoriya-iskusstva.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/russ-112.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D
0%B4%2C_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0
%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%8E_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9_%281%29_%28cr
opped%29.jpg/1024px-
%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%2C_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A
4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D1
%8C%D1%8E_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg
219

14.4 The Cathedral of the Dormition / the Assumption Cathedral, Moscow, Russia, 1479
(Arch. Ridolfo Aristotele Fioravanti)
Sources: http://www.msk-guide.ru/img/9561/48413.jpg ; http://www.taday.ru/data/2011/09/05/1233404116/_26.jpg ; http://www.temples.ru/private/f000003/130_3003_RT8b.jpg ; http://img-

fotki.yandex.ru/get/4429/1771339.147/0_8f310_f1f4442b_orig ; http://www.russiancity.ru/bookil/b11il1.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Lorenzo_Lotto_076.jpg/267px-
Lorenzo_Lotto_076.jpg
220

14.5 The Church of the Ascension, Kolomenskoye, Moscow, Russia, 1532

(Arch. Peter Francis Annibale ~ Peter Fryazin ~ Peter Small)
Sources: http://nspu.kiev.ua/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/191.jpg ; http://zodchestwo.info/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/img-whCAKK.jpg ; http://sreda.org/photo/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Buslaeva.jpg ;

http://ancient-buildings.ru/images/stories/images/01/74-Kolomna-church-plan.jpg ; http://www.rusarch.ru/shvidkovsky2.files/image002.jpg; http://temples.ru/private/f000278/278_0203208b.jpg
221

14.6 The Cathedral of the Protection of Most Holy Theotokos on the Moat / the Cathedral of
Vasily the Blessed , Moscow, Russia, 1560 (Arch. Posnik Yakovlev, Ivan Barma)
Sources:
https://static.tonkosti.ru/images/d/d8/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0
%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg;
http://vivat-fomenko.narod.ru/lib/pictures/SoborRazrez.jpg ; http://dic.academic.ru/pictures/bse/gif/0219924597.gif
222

14.7 The Church of the Transfiguration, Kizhi Pogost, the Kizhi island, Lake Onega, the
Republic of Karelia, Russia, 1714
Sources: http://www.weather7forecast.com/TI/rc-4-9952.jpg ; http://3rdplanet.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/kizhi-14.jpg ;

http://kizhi.karelia.ru/media/thumbs/library/6a/81/guschina9.jpg ; http://etotam.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/3.jpg ; http://www.cad-stroy.ru/images/37Kultsrub.jpg
223

14.8 The Winter Palace, St.Petersburg, Russia, 1762

(Arch.Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Winter_Palace_Panorama_2.jpg/1350px-Winter_Palace_Panorama_2.jpg ;
http://ic.pics.livejournal.com/dedmaxopka/20967895/217316/217316_original.jpg; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Winter_Palace.jpg/420px-RUS-2016-
Aerial-SPB-Winter_Palace.jpg ; http://ru4.anyfad.com/items/t1@d1507a2f-2125-436f-a74c-95fbba29a11d/Zimniy-dvorec-v-SanktPeterburge.j ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rastrelli.jpg/401px-Rastrelli.jpg
224

14.9 The Petrovsky ("driveway") Palace, Moscow, 1780

(Arch. Matvey F.Kazakov)
Sources: https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/--NJRRs448JY/UCqYOLWGWUI/AAAAAAAAWDE/NzskNxKPJq4/s1024/DSCF7832.JPG ; http://b1.culture.ru/c/68681.jpg ;

http://letopis.msu.ru/sites/default/files/images/KazakovMF-m.jpg ;http://static1.repo.aif.ru/1/c7/444378/45a5c4bf7cf93b68647d413bd234c70b.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2
%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86._%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B
A%D0%B0.JPG/1024px-
%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80
%D0%B5%D1%86._%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0.JPG ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B
2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_.jpg/1920px-
%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80
%D0%B5%D1%86_.jpg
225

14.10 The Pashkov's House, Moscow, 1786

(Arch. Vasily I.Bazhenov)
Sources: http://www.tourprom.ru/site_media/images/upload/2016/2/25/poiphoto/dom-pashkova.jpg ; http://architecture.artyx.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000002/pic/000017.gif;

http://images.aif.ru/003/334/e381fe48d12ba2680286b08976ae46db.jpg
226

14.11 The Saint Isaac's Cathedral / Cathedral of Reverend Isaac of Dalmatia, St.Petersburg,
Russia, 1858 (Arch. Henri Louis Auguste Ricard de Montferrand)
Sources: https://porapoparam.ru/upload/admin/images/progulka/ISAAK.jpg ; http://kannelura.info/baran/I/1/3.jpg ; http://p2.citywalls.ru/photo_35-36566.jpg?mt=1273625807 ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Avgust_de_Monpherran.jpg/401px-Avgust_de_Monpherran.jpg ; http://www.nice-places.com/data/articles/gallery/677/10431_850.jpg
227

14.12 The Museum of Applied Knowledge, Moscow, Russia, 1877

(Arch. Ippolito Martin Florian Monighetti)
Sources: http://idis-moscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/88589_original.jpg ;
http://www.yamoskva.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/ib_large/images/02.%20%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0
%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9.%2024.07.13.11..jpg ; http://moscowwalks.ru/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/03.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Karl_Brullov_21.jpg
228

14.13 The Imperial Russian Historical Museum, Moscow, Russia, 1881

(Arch. Vladimir O.Sherwood together with Anatoly A.Semyonov)
Source: http://kidsinmuseums.ru/uploads/showcase_image/image/596/226b40475dd7db90543c031876fd93fd.jpg ; http://progulkipomoskve.ru/foto1/dom/6/muzey-krasnaya-ploshchad-1-moskva.jpg ;

http://photos.geni.com/p13/aa/ba/0c/6a/5344483a25f3b559/v_large.jpg
229

14.14 The Christ the Savior Cathedral, Moscow, Russia, 1883

(Arch. Konstantin A.Ton)
Source: http://www.inmsk.ru/images/34067/23/340672369.jpg ; http://kannelura.info/baran/I/1/11.jpg ; http://pedportal.net/attachments/000/345/132/345132.jpg?1426862493;

http://b1.culture.ru/c/287308.330x440.jpg
230

14.15 The Arseny Morozov's mansion, Moscow, Russia, 1899

(Arch. Victor A.Mazyrin)
Source: http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/5812/14366291.11/0_60c7d_4c87f165_XXL ; http://img1.liveinternet.ru/images/foto/c/0/367/1473367/f_20612840.jpg ; http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/4313/aramis-

7.ed/0_2ab74_f5ebc768_orig.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mazyrin1.jpg/220px-Mazyrin1.jpg
231

The 15th Lecture:
THE WESTERN
EUROPEAN
ARCHITECTURE
OF 17th-18th
CENTURIES

Almaty, 2023
15.1 The Vleeshal (the Meat-hall), Haarlem, Netherlands, 1603

(Arch. Lieven de Key)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Haarlem_Vleeshal1.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Haarlem_Vleeshal_Achtergevel_1.JPG/800px-
Haarlem_Vleeshal_Achtergevel_1.JPG ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kunst_Grote_Houtbrug_links.JPG/800px-Kunst_Grote_Houtbrug_links.JPG ; https://dynamic-
media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-o/20/19/38/00/gevelsteen-vleeshal-haarlem.jpg?w=200&h=-1&s=1 ; https://dynamic-media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-
o/14/b4/a4/a6/vleeshall.jpg?w=200&h=-1&s=1
233

15.2 The St. Paul's Church, Covent Garden, London, UK, 1633
(Arch. Inigo Jones)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/St._Paul%27s_Church%2C_Covent_Garden%2C_London.jpg/650px-
St._Paul%27s_Church%2C_Covent_Garden%2C_London.jpg ; https://www.british-history.ac.uk/sites/default/files/publications/pubid-362/images/fig7.gif ; https://www.londonfirebird.com/wp-
content/uploads/2016/06/Portico-e1510498799509.jpg ; https://www.coventgarden.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/wssw-1067x800.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/PortraitInigoJones.jpg/800px-PortraitInigoJones.jpg
234

15.3 The Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte, Maincy, France, 1661

(Arch. Louis Le Vau)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Vaux_le_vicomte_1.jpg/1280px-Vaux_le_vicomte_1.jpg ;
https://mediaim.expedia.com/destination/2/a437c488aa56d6ed427ab9e7a4851ec3.jpg ; https://parisjetaime.com/data/layout_image/fr-FR/Ch%C3%A2teau-de-Vaux-le-Vicomte-Fa%C3%A7ade--630x405--
%C2%A9-Lourdel-Chicurel.jpg ; https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSu4mNFPHShqmrlayikN62-FlIHnNJkMlHoD45a6dIjS2PEnjOR5IQQjTuFyprlNyXgn0U&usqp=CAU ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/L%27Architecture_fran%C3%A7aise_%28Marot%29_BnF_RES-V-371_038r-f83_Vaux-le-Vicomte%2C_Plan_%28adjusted%29.jpg/1280px-
L%27Architecture_fran%C3%A7aise_%28Marot%29_BnF_RES-V-371_038r-f83_Vaux-le-Vicomte%2C_Plan_%28adjusted%29.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Louis_Le_Vau_-_Dev%C3%AAche_1981_p3.jpg/800px-Louis_Le_Vau_-_Dev%C3%AAche_1981_p3.jpg
235

15.4 The Royal Palace, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1665

(Arch. Jacob van Campen, Daniël Stalpaert)
Sources: https://www.holland.com/upload_mm/f/c/7/74230_fullimage_koninklijk%20paleis%20amsterdam.jpg ; https://www.tripsavvy.com/thmb/P08cz-
aru_M2QtaR4Ky9DUuNXMc=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/aerial-view-of-the-old-city-centre-853878574-5b0d88043418c600388edecb.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Jacob_van_Campen_-_Afbeeldingen_Stadhuis_Amsterdam.png ; https://academiaaesthetics.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Daniel-Stalpaert.png
236

15.5 The Palace of Versailles / Château de Versailles, Versailles, Île-de-France, France, 1682
(Arch. Louis Le Vau)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Peter_Stehlik_2013.04.22_Panorama_1A.jpg/1920px-Peter_Stehlik_2013.04.22_Panorama_1A.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Plans_du_rez-de-
chauss%C3%A9e_et_du_premier_%C3%A9tage_du_palais_de_Versailles%2C_%C3%89diteur_Gavard%2C_premier_%C3%A9tage_-_Gallica_2011_%28detail%2C_color-coded%29.jpg/1920px-
Plans_du_rez-de-chauss%C3%A9e_et_du_premier_%C3%A9tage_du_palais_de_Versailles%2C_%C3%89diteur_Gavard%2C_premier_%C3%A9tage_-_Gallica_2011_%28detail%2C_color-
coded%29.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Versaillespanoraama2.jpg/1920px-Versaillespanoraama2.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Cour_de_Marbre_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles_October_5%2C_2011.jpg/1280px-
Cour_de_Marbre_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Versailles_October_5%2C_2011.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Louis_Le_Vau.jpg/800px-Louis_Le_Vau.jpg
237

15.6 The St Paul’s Cathedral, London, UK, 1710

(Arch. Christopher Wren)
Sources: https://londonme.ru/wp-content/uploads/londonme/2012/07/St-Pauls-Cathedral.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Greek_and_Latin_cross_-
_Temple_of_Saint_Sava_and_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral_%28St_Paul%27s%29.jpg/800px-Greek_and_Latin_cross_-_Temple_of_Saint_Sava_and_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral_%28St_Paul%27s%29.jpg ;
https://putidorogi-nn.ru/images/stories/evropa/velikobritaniya/sobor_svyatogo_pavla_2.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Christopher_Wren_by_Godfrey_Kneller_1711.jpg/800px-Christopher_Wren_by_Godfrey_Kneller_1711.jpg
238

15.7 The Houghton Hall, Norfolk, England, UK, 1722

(Arch. Thomas Ripley, Isaac Ware, Colin Campbell, James Gibbs, William Kent)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Houghton_Hall_01.jpg ; https://live.staticflickr.com/2709/32904242551_d354cf1b73_b.jpg ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Aedes_Walpolianae%2C_or%2C_A_description_of_the_collection_of_pictures_at_Houghton-
Hall_in_Norfolk%2C_the_seat_of_the_Right_Honourable_Sir_Robert_Walpole%2C_Earl_of_Orford_%281767%29_%2814744776466%29.jpg/800px-thumbnail.jpg?20150726142725 ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Thomas_Ripley_by_Joseph_Highmore.jpg/220px-Thomas_Ripley_by_Joseph_Highmore.jpg ; https://artvee.com/saconud/ware.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/James_Gibbs.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/William_Kent.jpg/220px-William_Kent.jpg
239

15.8 The Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, UK, 1722

(Arch. John Vanbrugh, Nicholas Hawksmoor)
Sources: https://media.timeout.com/images/105872670/image.jpg ; https://getoutside.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/assets/uploads/Full_Width_Inline_bjuy87.jpg ; https://i0.wp.com/the-past.com/wp-

content/uploads/2023/03/Blenheim-Palace-World-Heritage-Site-in-Oxfordshire.jpg?resize=1024%2C675&ssl=1 ; https://64.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lnw0j2RmEn1qgpvyjo1_1280.jpg ;
https://media.timeout.com/images/105872670/image.jpg ; https://www.civitatis.com/f/reino-unido/oxford/excursion-palacio-blenheim-589x392.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/John_Vanbrugh.jpg ; https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62194fd319124e6c6011d449/2898f908-b594-4201-859b-
d648cefe153d/Screenshot+2022-02-25+at+20.51.42.png
240

15.9 The “Zwinger” palace, Dresden, Germany, 1728

(Arch. Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann)
Sources: http://drazdany.poznej.com/files/zwinger_4.jpg ; http://www.dresden-online.de/files/dresden-online/rubriken/kultur/sehenswuerdigkeiten/zwinger-dresden-bildpixel-pixelio.jpg ;

http://abload.de/img/zwinger33ccrq6.jpg ; http://www.goruma.de/export/sites/www.goruma.de/Globale_Inhalte/Bilder/Content/D/Deutschland_Dresden_Zwinger_1_1200.jpg ;
https://www.quermania.de/sachsen/dresden/zwinger2k.jpg ; http://www.herford.de/media/custom/2044_1125_1_g.JPG?1422031826
241

15.10 The Mateus Palace, Vila Real, Portugal, 1743

(Arch. Niccoló Nasoni)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/MateusPalace1.jpg ; https://cidadesportuguesas.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/palacio-de-mateus-1-min.jpg ;
https://ak.jogurucdn.com/media/image/p25/place-2017-12-3-19-a47295d2dee5c9fac2f7076691095d62.jpg ; https://www.viajecomigo.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Igreja-Casa-de-Mateus-Vila-Real-
%C2%A9-Viaje-Comigo.jpg ; https://alchetron.com/cdn/nicolau-nasoni-8ac34615-6fb5-40dc-a5aa-226c1195a55-resize-750.jpg
242

15.11 The "Sanssouci" palace, Potsdam, Germany, 1747

(Arch. Frederick the Great's – sketchs, Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Sanssouci-Air.JPG ; http://img09.deviantart.net/97b0/i/2011/093/8/8/the_new_chambers_in_sanssouci_by_pingallery-d3d3lql.jpg ;

http://img11.deviantart.net/664f/i/2012/329/1/1/park_sanssouci___chinese_house_by_pingallery-d5m4g0x.jpg ;
https://cdn.getyourguide.com/niwziy2l9cvz/2iuqa84V9Wma2yqoSkWaCs/965deb538b5c403c02b085f8127a834e/sanssouci-potsdam-1500x850.jpg ;
https://cdn.getyourguide.com/niwziy2l9cvz/4Igpyu16HemYgMOiwAeow4/e4c689acfa7880b1889aa052332397d0/sanssouci-potsdam-1500x850.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Friedrich_Zweite_Alt.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Georg_Wenzeslaus_von_Knobelsdorff_1738.jpg
243

15.12 The San Telmo Palace , Seville, Spain, 1754

(Arch. Leonardo de Figueroa)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/San_Telmo_002.jpg/1280px-San_Telmo_002.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Palacio_de_San_Telmo_%28Sevilla%29.jpg/1024px-Palacio_de_San_Telmo_%28Sevilla%29.jpg ;
https://miesarch.com/uploads/images/works/2121-13013.jpg ; https://album.es/fotos/uploads/imagenes/thumbs/fachada-palacio-san-telmo__DSC5195_1200px.jpg ; https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
XKnBWSmGRkM/Txn7S_T61bI/AAAAAAAAARs/UoKaPJngI9o/s1600/Palacio%2Bde%2BSan%2BTelmo%2B000-02%2BVista%2Baerea%2Bdel%2BPalacio%2Bde%2BSan%2BTelmo.jpg
244

15.13 The “Petit Trianon” castle, Versailles, France, 1768

(Arch. Ange-Jacques Gabriel)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Petit_Trianon_-_Fa%C3%A7ade_ouest.jpg/1280px-Petit_Trianon_-_Fa%C3%A7ade_ouest.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Petit_Trianon_-_Fa%C3%A7ade_nord_-_2.jpg/1280px-Petit_Trianon_-_Fa%C3%A7ade_nord_-_2.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Petit_Trianon_-_Fa%C3%A7ade_est.jpg/1280px-Petit_Trianon_-_Fa%C3%A7ade_est.jpg ;
https://en.chateauversailles.fr/sites/default/files/styles/reseaux_sociaux/public/visuels_principaux/lieux/cthomas_garnier_-_drone_trianon_51.jpg?itok=Pp_KTKmJ ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Petit_Trianon%2C_Versailles%2C_29_September_2012.jpg/1280px-Petit_Trianon%2C_Versailles%2C_29_September_2012.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Ange_Jacques_Gabriel_door_Jean-Baptiste_Greuze_Louvre.jpg
245

15.14 The “Dunmore Pineapple” (A building with a hothouse), Dunmore Park, near Airth in
Stirlingshire, Scotland, 1776 (Arch. William Chambers)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Dunmore_pineapple.jpg/1280px-Dunmore_pineapple.jpg ; https://www.sundaypost.com/wp-
content/uploads/sites/13/2019/01/5c3f4a3864bc77.61730778-e1547653472308.jpg ; https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5a771368cf81e0ff5dd4527d/1527201312161-
T576757YQWO6AF21QN61/The+Dunmore+Pineapple ; https://www.landmarktrust.org.uk/globalassets/1-aa-new-responsive-site-images/website/news--events/blogs/dunmores-pineapple/dunmoreblog-
schematics-600x400.png ;
https://img.atlasobscura.com/vSLE3ctk0vQI4KlG8b_w_Z40epBvFC6TTF91ld1esEg/rt:fit/h:390/q:81/sm:1/scp:1/ar:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9hdGxh/cy1kZXYuczMuYW1h/em9uYXdzLmNvbS91/cGxvYWRzL3BsYW
Nl/X2ltYWdlcy9kYjJh/OTRkNS1hYjI2LTRj/NmMtYWI2Yy1lMTE4/MzZkZWMxM2ExMGU5/YjFkMWZmZGE5ODdh/MzJfMTE2NzA5NTQx/XzEwMTU3NDk5NDQ4/NTM3MDgzXzg3NDEz/ODgzNTA5NDA1M
TIz/NTBfbi5qcGc.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Sir_William_Chambers.jpg/220px-Sir_William_Chambers.jpg
246

15.15 The Brandenburg Gate, Berlin, Germany, 1794

(Arch. Carl Gotthard Langhans)
Sources: https://i0.wp.com/www.thiscityknows.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/640px-BASA-237K-1-351-86-Brandenburg_column_and_Parisian_place.jpg?resize=640%2C410 ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/BrandenburgTor_in_early_morning_light.jpg/600px-BrandenburgTor_in_early_morning_light.jpg ;
https://i.pinimg.com/736x/70/34/da/7034daaed680a3b00f62e83ff490ab53--berlin-heute-brandenburg-gate.jpg ;
https://planetofhotels.com/guide/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph__text_with_image___twi_image/public/2021-12/Brandenburg-Gate_0.jpg ; https://www.h-
hotels.com/_Resources/Persistent/8/7/2/9/8729095221a54c282584f163585b57186d708735/berlin-brandenburger-tor-01.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Carl_Gotthard_Langhans_Portrait_Detail_-_Wikimedia_-_Kopie.jpg
247

The 16th Lecture:
THE WORLD’s
ARCHITECTURE
OF 1800’s – 1880’s

Almaty, 2023
16.1 The Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain, 1819

(Arch. Juan de Villanueva)
Sources: http://www.intk.com/nl/organisaties/museo-nacional-del-prado/slideshow/01-DT%20PRADO%2015646620%20web.jpg; http://artelista.s3.amazonaws.com/repository/0/4/0/8156_cuerpo1.jpg ;

http://cloud2.todocoleccion.net/libros-segunda-mano-arquitectura/tc/2014/09/11/11/45180262.jpg
249

16.2 The Royal Pavilion, Brighton, United Kingdom, 1823

(Arch. John Nash, Augustus Charles Pugin, Henry Holland, William Porden)
Sources: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/m3rWp4Dwhv0/maxresdefault.jpg ; http://www.oliverburns.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Image-via-Fine-Art-America.jpg ;

http://keyassets.timeincuk.net/inspirewp/live/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2009/08/john_nash2.jpg; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Augustus_Charles_Pugin.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Henry_Holland_%28architect%29.jpg/320px-Henry_Holland_%28architect%29.jpg
250

16.3 The "Crystal Palace" - Great Exhibition's palace, London, United Kingdom, 1851
(Arch. Joseph Paxton)
Sources: http://www.lemog.fr/lemog_expo_v2/albums/documentation/autres_expo/pays_divers/cpa_crystal_palace_0574_800.jpg ; https://rentomod.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/paxton-crystalpalace.jpg ;

http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51d4/79f7/b3fc/4b9e/0f00/019b/large_jpg/800px-Crystal_Palace_-_plan.jpg?1372879349 ; https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/52/12552-004-4BDAFDC8.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Crystal_Palace_interior.jpg ; http://biber.co/assets/WORDS/ESSAYS/What-is-an-Expo/_1230xAUTO_crop_center-
center_85/1409128a01d49dd68038371cda49e92e.jpg ; http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/sir-joseph-paxton-granger.jpg
251

16.4 The Palace of Westminster / the Houses of Parliament, London, United Kingdom, 1860
(Arch. Charles Barry, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/London_Parliament_2007-1.jpg/1920px-London_Parliament_2007-1.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Palace_of_Westminster_plan%2C_F._Crace%2C_high_resolution.png ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Victoria_Tower_from_Old_Palace_Yard.jpg/800px-Victoria_Tower_from_Old_Palace_Yard.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Sir_Charles_Barry_by_John_Prescott_Knight.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Central_Tower%2C_Palace_of_Westminster.jpg/800px-Central_Tower%2C_Palace_of_Westminster.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Augustus_Welby_Northmore_Pugin_from_NPG.jpg
252

16.5 The United States Capitol, Washington, D.C., USA, 1800 / 1863
(Arch. William Thornton)
Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Aerial_view_of_the_Capitol_Hill.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/United_States_Capitol_west_front_edit2.jpg/1920px-United_States_Capitol_west_front_edit2.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/US_Capitol_basement_floor_plan_1997_105th-congress.gif/1280px-US_Capitol_basement_floor_plan_1997_105th-congress.gif ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/US_Capitol_first_floor_plan_1997_105th-congress.gif/1280px-US_Capitol_first_floor_plan_1997_105th-congress.g ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/US_Capitol_second_floor_plan_1997_105th-congress.gif/1280px-US_Capitol_second_floor_plan_1997_105th-congress.gif ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/US_Capitol_third_floor_plan_1997_105th-congress.gif/1280px-US_Capitol_third_floor_plan_1997_105th-congress.gif ;
https://www.aoc.gov/sites/default/files/capitol-dome-diagram.jpg ; https://3ff009b6523c0c1f8b94-091582592a5f780b4bac3b68414d35fd.ssl.cf5.rackcdn.com/default/destruction-united-states-capitol-01.jpg
253

16.6 Viollet Le Duc, E. Entretiens Sur L’architecture, 2 Volumes. – Paris: A. Morel et Cie, 1863.
Виолле ле Дюк. Беседы об архитектуре в 2 томах / Пер. с франц. Сапожниковой, под ред.
А.Г. Габричевского. – Москва: Издательство Всесоюзной Академии архитектуры, 1937-1938.
Виолле-ле-Дюк Э.Э. Русское искусство. Его источники, его составные элементы, его
высшее развитие, его будущность / Перевод с французского: Султанов Н.В.: L'art russe: ses
origines, ses éléments constructifs, son apogée, son avenir (1877) Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. –
Москва: Издание Художественно-промышленного музеума, 1879.
Source: https://i0.wp.com/librairiehistoireetsociete.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/viollet-le-duc-entretiens-architecture.jpg?ssl=1 ; https://books.totalarch.com/files/title/viollet_le_duc.jpg ;

https://artelbook.ru/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/1-34.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Eugene_viollet_le_duc.jpg
254

16.7 The Carson City Mint, Carson City, Nevada, USA, 1870
(Arch. Alfred Bult Mullett)
Sources: http://www.nevadaappeal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Mint1-NAP-072014.jpg ; http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-

8IUX6IbLP7A/U6E4638bj8I/AAAAAAAAbjQ/lPMjd2bpqnQ/s1600/IMG_0096+%2528640x480%2529.jpg ; https://www.treasury.gov/about/history/exhibition/PublishingImages/ccplanfirst2_lg.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Alfred_Bult_Mullett.jpg
255

16.8 The Royal Albert Hall, London, United Kingdom, 1871

(Arch. Francis Fowke , Henry Young Darracott Scott)
Sources: http://www.facade-project.ru/images/cms/data/arh_znamenitye_zdaniya/royalalberthall-1.jpg ; http://www.free-city-guides.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/London-Albert-Hall-Roof-Curve.jpg ;

http://www.pudlo.com/wp-content/uploads/Drawing.jpg ; http://www.british-history.ac.uk/sites/default/files/publications/pubid-364/images/fig31.gif ; https://www.klm.com/travel/en/images/E29ACB91-1E13-
4861-B539-7253E18216EC_tcm493-605422_912x912_80.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/FrancisFowke.jpg
256

16.9 The Michigan State Capitol, Michigan, USA,1871

(Arch. Elijah E.Myers)
Sources: https://s3.amazonaws.com/gs-waymarking-images/0282d853-b95d-4a9b-9aba-c10876ca09fc.JPG ;

http://council.legislature.mi.gov/Content/images/capitolimages/capitol6.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Emyers_colorado.gif
257

16.10 The Opéra de Paris / Opéra Garnier, Paris, France, 1875

(Arch. Jean-Louis-Charles Garnier)
Sources: http://www.ociogo.com/images/paris/0000/85_opera-de-paris.jpg ; http://www.unav.es/ha/007-TEAT/opera-paris/opera-paris-063.jpg ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Charles_Garnier_architect.jpg
258

16.11 The "Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II" mall, Milan, Italy, 1877
(Arch. Giuseppe Mengoni)
Sources: http://static.thousandwonders.net/Galleria.Vittorio.Emanuele.II.original.3326.jpg ; http://www.gobbi1842.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Gallerie-vittorio-emanuele-milano-milan-watch-

gobbi1842-inside-square5.jpg ; https://images.trvl-media.com/media/content/shared/images/travelguides/destination/180012/Galleria-Vittorio-Emanuele-Ii-87621.jp ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Galleria_Vittorio_Emanuele_II_(Milan)_art.jpg ;
http://www.touringclub.it/sites/default/files/immagini_georiferite/galleria_vittorio_emanuele_ii_a_milano_fly.jpg ; http://www.ingalleria.com/mengoni/mengoni_00.jpg
259

16.12 The Old Police Station, Sydney, Australia, 1882

(Arch. James Johnstone Barnet)
Source: http://i2.wp.com/archiseek.com/wp-content/gallery/australia_sydney/therocks-policestation.jpg?w=640 ; http://www.visitsydneyaustralia.com.au/images/Rocks-133-George.jpg ;

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CGGATKZoBEw/T93Q7bykvpI/AAAAAAAALKI/drxORK4c_Ak/s1600/Vivid+police.JPG ; http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
Co3e9T_Qn18/UHdSv8vlrsI/AAAAAAAAAVs/9ThqB7zf8AA/s1600/Former+Police+Station+.jpg ; http://www.pittwateronlinenews.com/resources/james%20barnet.jpg?timestamp=1462651690535
260

16.13 The Synagoge Zürich Löwenstrasse Israelitische Cultusgemeinde Zürich,

Switzerland, 1884 (Arch. Alfred Chiodera, Theophil Tschudy – “Chiodera and Tschudy”)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Synagoge_Z%C3%BCrich_-_L%C3%B6wenstrasse_2011-08-12_15-07-02_ShiftN2.jpg/800px-Synagoge_Z%C3%BCrich_-
_L%C3%B6wenstrasse_2011-08-12_15-07-02_ShiftN2.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Synagoge_Z%C3%BCrich_-_L%C3%B6wenstrasse_2011-08-12_15-09-
44_ShiftN2.jpg/800px-Synagoge_Z%C3%BCrich_-_L%C3%B6wenstrasse_2011-08-12_15-09-44_ShiftN2.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Synagoge_Z%C3%BCrich_-
_L%C3%B6wenstrasse_2015-03-09_10-59-46.JPG/800px-Synagoge_Z%C3%BCrich_-_L%C3%B6wenstrasse_2015-03-09_10-59-46.JPG
261

16.14 The “Eiffel Tower”, Paris, France, 1889

(Arch. Charles Léon Stephen Sauvestre, Alexandre Gustave Eiffel)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Maurice_koechlin_pylone.jpg ; http://static.neatorama.com/images/2007-07/eiffel-tower-day.jpg ;

http://static.thousandwonders.net/Eiffel.Tower.original.20000.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Sous_la_Tour_Eiffel_1.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Gustave_Eiffel_1888_Nadar2.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Dessin_Stephen_Sauvestre.JPG
262

16.15 The Auditorium Building, Chicago, USA, 1889

(Arch. Louis Henry Sullivan, Dankmar Adler)
Source: https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/585/flashcards/1107585/jpg/auditorium_building_by_adler_and_sullivan1329458496303.jpg ; http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-

cb_DoSaH_2s/TieoG33moII/AAAAAAAABb8/z1LDqgPi2VU/s1600/Theatre+Drawing.jpg ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Sullivan ; https://primarysourcehistory.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/dfrwce-
port_adler_crop.jpg
263

The 17th Lecture:
THE WORLD’s
ARCHITECTURE
OF 1890’s

Almaty, 2023
17.1 The George Draper Dayton House, Worthington, USA, 1890

(Arch. Wallace L.Dow)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/George_D._Dayton_House.jpg ; http://www.daytonhouse.org/files/9V5G8833.JPG ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Construction_Print_Dayton_House.jpg/440px-Construction_Print_Dayton_House.jpg ; http://image.pbs.org/video-assets/KUSD/south-dakota-
documentaries/94063/images/Mezzanine_868.jpeg
265

17.2 The Hill County Courthouse, Hillsboro, Hill County, Texas, USA, 1890
(Arch. Wesley Clark Dodson)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Hill_County_Courthouse_Hillsboro_Wiki_%281_of_1%29.jpg ; https://live.staticflickr.com/2350/2239922385_38dbecb479_b.jpg ;
http://www.texasescapes.com/TOWNS/Hillsboro/CorinthianColumnsHillCountyCourthouse803SFenstermacher.jpg ;
http://www.csphoto.net/gallery.html?gallery=Hill%20County%20Courthouse&sortNumber=2&skipno=0#2 ; http://www.ntxe-news.com/artman/uploads/1a1a1a1a1awcdodson_1_.jpg
266

17.3 “The 1890 House Museum”, New York city, USA, 1890
(Arch. Samuel B.Reed)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/The_1890_House_Museum.png ; https://scontent.fala4-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-
6/360093365_752881926842477_386638361235629256_n.jpg?stp=cp6_dst-jpg_p526x296&_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=8bfeb9&_nc_ohc=BcSe3jxW4DYAX87nx1V&_nc_ht=scontent.fala4-
2.fna&oh=00_AfCCGrkWLnTregnbYXiIcDLu7P0rVsTpBFyj2T999MIpcw&oe=64D144D9 ; https://live.staticflickr.com/3694/9346130832_c5a03e2e76_c.jpg ; https://hauntedhouses.com/wp-
content/uploads/2021/09/1890-Museum-850-x-600-110A3898.jpg ; https://i.pinimg.com/736x/f7/ac/3b/f7ac3b97a520c1736779adca872f9c8c--limestone-house-raven-queen.jpg
267

17.4 The Wainwright Building, St.Louis, USA, 1891

(Arch. Louis Henry Sullivan, Dankmar Adler – “Adler & Sullivan”)
Source: https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/133/flashcards/190133/jpg/wainwright_building.jpg ; https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5178/5551436665_3d38c00ac8_b.jpg ; http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-

qzT6bbl52FY/UDN7ScjH_fI/AAAAAAAAFQg/RkMnJTLG3IM/s1600/DSC_1431.JPG ; http://c1038.r38.cf3.rackcdn.com/group1/building3000/media/media_71722.jpg ;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Sullivan ; https://primarysourcehistory.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/dfrwce-port_adler_crop.jpg
268

17.5 The Ludington Building, Chicago, USA, 1892

(Arch. William LeBaron Jenney)
Source: https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6136/5948553529_408b197cb4_b.jpg ; https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6144/5948555009_cdb9419636_b.jpg ;
https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6125/5948554183_243dfa91ac_b.jpg ; https://archhistdaily.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/jenney.jpg
269

17.6 The Victoria Building of the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, 1892
(Arch. Alfred Waterhouse)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Victoria_Building%2C_University_of_Liverpool_2019.jpg/1024px-Victoria_Building%2C_University_of_Liverpool_2019.jpg ;
https://img1.advisor.travel/1314x680px-Victoria_Building_University_of_Liverpool_1.jpg ; https://a.cdn-hotels.com/gdcs/production0/d1545/684d73dd-0417-4e3c-a874-a6665bd6853a.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Elliott_%26_Fry12.jpg
270

17.7 The Monadnock Building, Chicago, USA, 1893

(Arch. Daniel Hudson Burnham, John Wellborn Root / “Burnham & Root” and William
Holabird, Martin Roche / “Holabird & Roche”)
Source: https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6031/6284316584_d08f22103b_b.jpg ; https://amyfrankiesmith.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/dscf2326.jpg ; https://media.archinform.net/m/00004998.jpg ;

http://s3.amazonaws.com/architecture-org/files/modules/daniel-burnham-1912.jpg ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wellborn_Root ; http://marquette.macfound.org/images/uploads/080_lg.jpg
271

17.8 The Reichstag building, Berlin, Germany, 1894

(Arch. Paul Wallot)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Academy_Architecture_1895_Deutsches_Reichstagsgeb%C3%A4ude_Berlin_Geheimrath_Prof_Paul_Wallot_Architect_Dresden_002.jpg ;
http://www.worldalldetails.com/article_image/reichstag_berlin_624267.jpg ; http://www.akg-images.de/Docs/AKG/Media/TR5/8/7/a/5/AKG12388.jpg
272

17.9 The “Bloemenwerf”, Uccle, Brussels, Belgium, 1895

(Arch. Henry Clemens van de Velde)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Villa_Bloemenwerf_%28front%29.JPG/1920px-Villa_Bloemenwerf_%28front%29.JPG ; https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS-cSU2mJGzXM8h1ZC-1oIINGAycdo-crC5iw&usqp=CAU ; https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/1c/b8/8c/44/uccle-villa-bloemenwerf.jpg ;
https://static.wixstatic.com/media/f18751_46cd6f734f3547e1b46a3f9325bf2385~mv2_d_4851_3623_s_4_2.jpg/v1/fill/w_640,h_400,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/f18751_46cd6f734f3547e1b46a
3f9325bf2385~mv2_d_4851_3623_s_4_2.jpg
273

17.10 The Thomas Jefferson Building / the Library of Congress Building, Washington, USA,
1897 (Arch. Paul J.Pelz, John L.Smithmeyer, Edward Pearce Casey)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Library_of_Congress_from_North.JPG ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Library_of_Congress_from_North.JPG ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Paul_J._Pelz.jpg ; http://dupontcirclereflections.us/DupontCirclePix/Smithmeyer.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Edward_Pearce_Casey_(clip).jpg/220px-Edward_Pearce_Casey_(clip).jpg
274

17.11 The Secession Building, Vienna, Austria, 1898

(Arch. Joseph Maria Olbrich)
Source: https://c2.staticflickr.com/4/3560/3798836422_88400aefdc_b.jpg ; https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/f8/f6/d2/f8f6d23b79a8e4ea2e1fb86c20294b5f.jpg ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Joseph_Maria_Olbrich.jpg
275

17.12 The Queen Victoria Building / or “QVB”, Sydney, Australia, 1898

(Arch. George McRae)
Source: http://www.theworldorbust.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/3391208101_f62a2e3a34_z.jpg ; https://kerioke.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/d7k_5342_3_4_tonemapped22.jpg;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/George_McRae_c.1890.jpg
276

17.13 The Hofpavillon Hietzing, Vienna, Austria, 1898

(Arch. Otto Koloman Wagner)
Source: https://www.wienmuseum.at/fileadmin/_processed_/7/8/csm_Otto_Wagner_Hietzing_Pressefoto_06_9c64631e4a.jpg ;
https://www.wienmuseum.at/fileadmin/_processed_/a/6/csm_Otto_Wagner_Hietzing_Pressefoto_03_4501f2dddd.jpg ; https://museen.de/imgbstr-9926970.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kaiserpavillion%2C_nach_Sanierung.jpg/1920px-Kaiserpavillion%2C_nach_Sanierung.jpg ;
https://api.interior.ru/images/MS/EXHIBITIONS_MDA/g.jpg
277

17.14 The Queen's Cross Church / The Mackintosh Church, Glasgow, Scotland, 1899
(Arch. Charles Rennie Mackintosh)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Queens_Cross_Church07a.jpg/800px-Queens_Cross_Church07a.jpg ;
https://art.nouveau.world/sites/default/files/ArtefactPictures/United%20Kingdom/Glasgow/20100528_053199%20-%2020100528_053203.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Queens_Cross_Church07b.jpg/1024px-Queens_Cross_Church07b.jpg ; https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/448xn/p07nhn09.jpg
278

17.15 The Park Row Building, New York, USA, 1899

(Arch. Robert Henderson Robertson)
Source: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/93/66/a8/9366a885096bc20905c836e83c6dce69.jpg ; http://www.shelburnefarms.org/sites/default/files/rhrobertson.jpg ;

https://static1.squarespace.com/static/559d3f3ae4b0015f5414a0e0/t/56fbd3233c44d8524a11344d/1459344181756/ ; https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5483/12533417985_88e0ec2c9f_b.jpg
279

The 18th Lecture:
THE WORLD’s
ARCHITECTURE
OF 1900’s

Almaty, 2023
18.1 The Windau (Riga) Railway Station, Moscow, Russia, 1901

(Arch. Stanislav A.Brzhozovsky)
Source: http://photos.wikimapia.org/p/00/01/25/37/04_big.jpg ; http://www.zdt-magazine.ru/publik/history/2006/images/tolstov10_06-3.jpg ; http://photos.wikimapia.org/p/00/05/42/16/50_big.jpg ;

https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQM43PSqz4s54qT319kQDNJCwyAHURlV8woXIQDqm75Zx_5wRGH ; https://ждвокзалы.рф/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/6-1024x768.jpg ;
281

18.2 The First National Bank and Trust Company Building, Perry, Oklahoma, USA, 1902
(Arch. Joseph Pierre Foucart)
Source: http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/64837826.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/First_National_Bank2.jpg/250px-First_National_Bank2.jpg ;

http://okgenweb.net/~oklogan/lineage/pic/foucart.jpg
282

18.3 The Telfair County Courthouse and Jail, McRae, Georgia, USA, 1902
(Arch. “Dennis & Dennis”)
Source: https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7414/13634662974_105f64cd2b_b.jpg ; https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3719/13634646634_aa558da9ac_b.jpg ;

http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/images/uploads/gallery/TelfairCoCourthouse.jpg
283

18.4 The Ryabushinsky’s mansion, Moscow, Russia, 1903

(Arch. Fedor O.Shekhtel’ / Franz Albert Schechtel)
Source: http://ic.pics.livejournal.com/rizhkin/11142970/46008/46008_original.jpg ; http://urixblog.com/p/2010/2010.09.19or/picture-30.jpg ; http://shagau.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/DSC_0396.jpg ;

http://cdn.static3.rtr-vesti.ru/vh/pictures/b/224/058.jpg
284

18.5 The Hungarian Parliament Building, Budapest, Hungary, 1904

(Arch. Imre Steindl)
Source: http://pilisvorosvar.hu/vorosvariujsag-regi/2011/augusztus/images/vorosvariujsag_69.jpg ; http://www.eikongraphia.com/wordpress/wp-

content/Budapest%20augustus%202007%20Michiel%20(3)%20small.jpg ; http://mno.hu/data/cikk/1/25/56/68/cikk_1255668/Erdelyi_Portrait_of_Imre_Steindl.jpg
285

18.6 The Yaroslavl Railway station, Moscow, Russia, 1904

(Arch. Fedor O.Shekhtel’ / Franz Albert Schechtel)
Source: http://www.5arts.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/modern_yaroslavskij_vokzal.jpg ; http://privetstudent.com/uploads/posts/2013-07/thumbs/1372928424_untitled.fr11-46.jpg ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Fyodor_Schechtel_1890th.jpg/220px-Fyodor_Schechtel_1890th.jpg ; https://taximoskvi.ru/images/vokzal/yaraslavski-vokzal.jpg ;
https://geektrips.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/yaroslavskij-vokzal-moskvy-kak-doekhat-1024x683.jpg ;
286

18.7 The Wilson Building, Dallas, Texas, USA, 1904

(Arch. A.Watson, “Sanguinet & Staats”)
Source: http://f.tqn.com/y/architecture/1/S/2/Q/1/dallas-wilson.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Dallas_-_Wilson_Building_detail_01.jpg ;

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_rZmbDd3iijo/TNWmJrJ7WYI/AAAAAAAAAqw/9taENwV8Rqc/s1600/DSC01287.JPG
287

18.8 The Casa Batlló / Casa dels ossos (House of Bones), Barcelona, Spain, 1907
(Arch. Antoni Plàcid Guillem Gaudí i Cornet)
Source: https://www.casabatllo.es/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/casa-batllo-facade.jpg ; http://www.placestoseeinyourlifetime.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Casa-Batll%C3%B3-Barcelona-Spain-11-

740x536.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gaud%C3%AD_%281910%29.jpg ; https://happyinspain.com/assets/uploads/2014/06/casa-batllo-in-barcelona.jpg ;
http://images.placesonline.com/photos/19485_barcellona_scorcio_del_terrazzo_di_casa_batllo.jpg
288

18.9 The Kirche am Steinhof / the Church of St.Leopold, Vienna, Austria, 1907
(Arch. Otto Koloman Wagner)
Source: https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Gwx8g03ULyw/XptHJg3rlzI/AAAAAAAAawo/fFXINLOT4l4MdICyb_BGglg9amd9mChQACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/pnG_0606.png ;
https://www.virc.at/img/a2/44/f1978b5aa90f6f5a4c28/St__Leopold_s_Church-1024px-Penzing__Wien__-_Kirche_am_Steinhof__5_.JPG ;
https://res.cloudinary.com/fleetnation/image/private/c_fit,w_1120/g_south,l_text:style_gothic2:%C2%A9%20robertharding,o_20,y_10/g_center,l_watermark4,o_25,y_50/v1506512023/dxvbhltoy08nke2eu
puu.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Penzing_%28Wien%29_-_Kirche_am_Steinhof_%282%29.JPG/1024px-Penzing_%28Wien%29_-
_Kirche_am_Steinhof_%282%29.JPG ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Otto_Wagner_%281841%E2%80%931918%29.jpg/280px-
Otto_Wagner_%281841%E2%80%931918%29.jpg
289

18.10 The Pertzova’s profitable house, Moscow, Russia, 1907

(Arch. Sergey V.Malyutin, Nikolai K.Zhukov)
Source: https://www.vao-moscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/9zoFeV3rOr0.jpg ; https://www.architime.ru/specarch/sergey_malutin/13.jpg ; https://cih.ru/wp/bld/files/2023/04/f3-1024x576.jpg ;

https://progulkipomoskve.ru/foto1/dom/8/soymonovskpr1ddp.jpg ; https://life-trip.ru/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/dom-percova-v-moskve-03.jpg ; https://yavarda.ru/images/artmir_preview/sub_69135.jpg
290

18.11 The Apartment (“The Prasada”), New-York, USA, 1907

(Arch. Charles W.Romeyn and Henry R.Wynne)
Source: http://cdn-img0.streeteasy.com/nyc/image/84/18703084.jpg ; http://onthesetofnewyork.com/locations/threemenandababy/threemenandababy10.jpg ;
http://kwnyc.com/images/assets/24288_22834.jpg ; https://ds3.cityrealty.com/img/c4a8d89c47c59eb3f14dfe27995e701fa2b94b5f+736++0+60/the-prasada-50-central-park-west-04.jpg ;
http://assets.stribling.com/images/floorplan/image/1870/8547993_50_CPW_Floor_Plan-WEB.jpg
291

18.12 The Palace of Catalan Music, Barcelona, Spain, 1908

(Arch. Lluís Domènech i Montaner)
Source: https://media.cntraveler.com/photos/55d2099fc47ae13868ae58bf/16:9/w_2560,c_limit/palau-musica-barcelona-cr-alamy.jpg ;
https://as2.ftcdn.net/v2/jpg/03/06/68/93/1000_F_306689323_krgUUoL1CaEZxMgtbSawxQVzksiynIAN.jpg ; https://i.redd.it/n5xhgfc8sxi71.jpg ; https://happytovisit.com/glib/3/Palau-de-la-Musica-
Catalana-Barcelona-3-2310.png ; https://wikiway.com/upload/iblock/fea/Dvorets-katalonskoy-muzyki.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/DomenechiMontaner1915.jpg/800px-DomenechiMontaner1915.jpg
292

18.13 The Grand Post Office / Büyük Postane, Istanbul, Turkey, 1909
(Arch. Mehmet Vedat Tek)
Source: http://www.byzantiumistanbul.com/dosya/buyuk/9193549.JPG ; https://irs0.4sqi.net/img/general/600x600/5672801_Xjn4TqBel3naut12cG9eJNzf9Ui221JSH500FvhSCY8.jpg ;
http://img.blogcu.com/uploads/sonmimar_vedat_tek1B.jpg
293

18.14 The Cazinoul din Constanța, Constanza, Romania, 1910

(Arch. Petre Antonescu and Daniel Renard)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Cazinoul_din_Constanta_la_rasarit_HDR.jpg/1280px-Cazinoul_din_Constanta_la_rasarit_HDR.jpg ;
https://image.stirileprotv.ro/media/images/original/Aug2022/62278243.jpg ; https://www.casino-magazine.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ID118581_INQUAM_Photos_Daniel_Stoenciu-696x464-1.jpg ;
https://www.identitate-archi.ro/images/com_osgallery/gal-3/original/000-antonescu-petre1FCAB2F7-0819-6228-3D1F-588193415586.jpg ; https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aINwyjCf1m0/VU8VN-
s0XPI/AAAAAAAA_CY/iIPrWZ18zLQ/s1600/qN8LDwBh.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Daniel_Renard.jpg/220px-Daniel_Renard.jpg
294

18.15 The School of Art, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, 1910

(Arch. Charles Rennie Mackintosh)
Source: https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2018/06/glasgow-school-art-charles-rennie-mackintosh-architecture-education-scotland_dezeen_2364_col_15-852x568.jpg ;
https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2018/06/glasgow-school-art-charles-rennie-mackintosh-architecture-education-scotland_dezeen_2364_col_5.jpg ; https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2018/06/glasgow-
school-art-charles-rennie-mackintosh-architecture-education-scotland_dezeen_2364_col_8.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Charles-Rennie-Mackintosh.jpg/220px-
Charles-Rennie-Mackintosh.jpg ;
https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/169b9d29b0f3b115f5c002e020c40ed747b6bd05/0_48_4106_2466/master/4106.jpg?width=1200&height=1200&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&s=55d2eddb57a0b88c66
290f33d5a3e13f ; https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Escuela_de_Arte_de_Glasgow_282529_-_Archives_and_Collections._The_Glasgow_School_of_Art-205x205.jpg
295

The 19th Lecture:
THE WORLD’s
ARCHITECTURE
OF 1910’s

Almaty, 2023
19.1 The Pennsylvania Station / “Penn Station”, New York City, USA, 1910 (Arch. Charles
Follen McKim, William Rutherford Mead, and Stanford White – “McKim, Mead & White”)
Source: https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/52d8/2c50/e8e4/4e4f/2100/0014/newsletter/PennStation_WikimediaCommons_1911.jpg?1389898827 ;
https://images.fineartamerica.com/images/artworkimages/mediumlarge/1/1-aerial-of-pennsylvania-station-underwood-archives.jpg ; https://i.dailymail.co.uk/1s/2019/06/28/21/15392588-7193909-
mid_1930s-m-31_1561754651829.jpg ;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Pennsylvania_Station_New_York_street_level_floor_plan.png/800px-
Pennsylvania_Station_New_York_street_level_floor_plan.png ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKim,_Mead_%26_White
297

19.2 The Frederick C.Robie House, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1910

(Arch. Frank Lloyd Wright)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Frederick_C._Robie_House.JPG ; https://cdn.britannica.com/97/191397-050-E1B18F1C/Cantilever-Chicago-Robie-House-Frank-Lloyd-
Wright.jpg ; https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQDTfJoHWwlgkWMaSHq1vGdRNodCaDHg3GYoA&usqp=CAU ; https://s3.amazonaws.com/architecture-org/files/buildings/robie-
house-03-2.jpg ; https://i.pinimg.com/originals/2b/4d/c1/2b4dc13e30798680fbcc87877387fdce.jpg ; https://cdn.britannica.com/12/93112-050-2FA89336/Frank-Lloyd-Wright-1926.jpg
298

19.3 The Central Sofia Market Hall / Централни софийски хали, Sofia, Bulgaria, 1911
(Arch. NaumTorbov)
Source: http://citysightseeing.bg/wp-content/uploads/4-259.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/CentralMarketHallSofia2.jpg/1024px-CentralMarketHallSofia2.jpg ;
http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/33264975.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/NaumTorbov.jpg/120px-NaumTorbov.jpg
299

19.4 The Baron Empain Palace / Le Palais Hindou, Cairo, Egypt, 1911
(Arch. Alexandre Marcel)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/The_Baron_Palace.JPG/1024px-The_Baron_Palace.JPG ; https://mysterioustrip.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Baron-Empain-
Palace-images-768x534.jpg ; https://pbs.twimg.com/media/E6eFPC2UcAEedAt?format=jpg&name=large ; https://alchetron.com/cdn/alexandre-marcel-b1135ba6-21f5-409a-98f2-0ca38736616-resize-
750.jpeg
300

19.5 The Elizabeth Lookout / Erzsébet-kilátó, Budapest, Hungary, 1911

(Arch. Frigyes Schulek)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Janoshegy.jpg/800px-Janoshegy.jpg ;
http://st4.panadea.com/images/travel-guide-guidebook/en-budapest-hungary-panadea-gb-sd-3054643-4370.jpg ; http://turul.info/upload/jeles_napok/schulek.jpg
301

19.6 The Copenhagen Central Station / Københavns Hovedbanegård, Copenhagen, Denmark,

1911, (Arch. Heinrich Emil Charles Wenck)
Source: http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/35664540.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Heinrich-Wenck.jpg/266px-Heinrich-Wenck.jpg
302

19.7 The Museum of Fine Arts named after Emperor Alexander III, Moscow, Russia, 1912
(Arch. Roman I.Klein, Vladimir G.Shukhov)
Source: https://img.localway.ru/fullsize/416670.jpg; http://mskwalks.narod.ru/pysh.myz.jpg ;

http://www.travel2moscow.com/upload/56905/%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%98%20%D0%B8%D0%BC.%20%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B02%20%D0%93%D0%9
B%D0%90%D0%92%D0%9D.jpeg ; http://www.mmsk.ru/objectdata/CatalogUnitImpl/41199/Klejn-01_Md.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Vladimir_Grigoryevich_Shukhov_1891.jpg/800px-Vladimir_Grigoryevich_Shukhov_1891.jpg
303

19.8 The Mysore Palace / the Amba Vilas Palace, Mysore, Karnataka, India, 1912
(Arch. Henry Irwin)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg/1920px-Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mysore_Palace_gate.jpg/1280px-Mysore_Palace_gate.jpg ;
https://t4.ftcdn.net/jpg/04/29/51/03/360_F_429510363_qgyCedS52P8ewuiKREOecnp5gN9Uj2xP.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/A_Courtyard_of_Amba_Vilas_Palace_%28Mysuru_Palace%29%2C_during_day.jpg/1280px-
A_Courtyard_of_Amba_Vilas_Palace_%28Mysuru_Palace%29%2C_during_day.jpg ; https://thrillingtravel.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Mysore-palace-india.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Henry_Irwin.gif
304

19.9 The Woolworth Building, New York City, USA, 1913

(Arch. Cass Gilbert)
Source: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5cpyYRRSoy4/UPLEk82QomI/AAAAAAAAODA/8c9QBXmJYgQ/s900/Woolworth.jpg ; https://cdn3.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/4820683/woolworth-51st-
floor.0.jpg http://www.bobestremeraphotography.com/wp-content/uploads/galleries/post-1039/20140508-IMG_7270_-Edit-Edit-Edit.jpg ; http://www.cassgilbertsociety.org/images/CassGilbert-1926-
president.jpg
305

19.10 The Glass Pavilion / Deutscher Werkbund Exhibition, Cologne, Germany, 1914
(Arch. Bruno Taut)
Source: http://www.glassproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Taut_Glass_Pavilion_exterior_1914.jpg ;
http://66.media.tumblr.com/45e6ec3445409732ad1fc5e03df8abcc/tumblr_np315r2KRP1uv5nh7o1_1280.jpg ;
http://66.media.tumblr.com/a18e9b3b98d047c2d2ff532a28962cf3/tumblr_np30arEwUo1uv5nh7o1_1280.jpg ;
http://s3.transloadit.com.s3.amazonaws.com/4b30ae61b7c84e42b6be045272ec3211/e7/a5de00431ad72b4c2ef34f2edc6da4/bruno-taut-600pxls.jpg
306

19.11 The Equitable Building, New York City, USA, 1915

(Arch. Ernest Robert Graham)
Source: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wFLKbZRBMlk/UUgsiPqIu6I/AAAAAAAARxE/pVJjOwGiIW4/s1600/DSCF6477+-+Copy.JPG ; http://nyc-architecture.com/LM/059A.jpg ;
https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5550/12109751693_5cb7ed7513_b.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ernest_R_Graham-Men_of_Illinois-1902.png/220px-Ernest_R_Graham-
Men_of_Illinois-1902.png
307

19.12 The Ubudiah Mosque, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia, 1917

(Arch. Arthur Benison Hubback)
Source: https://mosqpedia.org/img/cache/extralarge/vhGC6oRzeEajisl0Fp7mPrrOe5c0cS3iuJqGuXaM ; https://mosqpedia.org/img/cache/extralarge/p8BsCumhkbU5XNG5qurLsRkATx4XVoiUygIe0YDB
; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Kuala_Kangsar%2C_Masjid_Ubaidullah_Mosque_-_panoramio.jpg ; https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EEKggagUwAA2CXn.jpg ;
https://collectionimages.npg.org.uk/std/mw123915/Arthur-Benison-Hubback.jpg
308

19.13 The Hotel Gellért, Budapest, Hungary, 1918

(Arch. Armin Hegedűs, Arthur Sebestyén and Isidor Sterk)
Source: https://edge.media.datahc.com/HI320188345.jpg ; https://mesplaisirs.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/gellert-szalloda-es-thermal-furdo-gellert-baths.jpg ;

https://apetcher.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/001.jpg
309

19.14 The Sacré-Coeur Basilica, Paris, France, 1919

(Arch. Paul Abadie)
Source: http://www.cookiesound.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/sacre-coeur-paris-france.jpg ; http://media.istockphoto.com/photos/basilica-sacrecoeur-picture-

id178773333?k=6&m=178773333&s=170667a&w=0&h=1oRa_-3jLQro30nn0AWwMN6YiN3GKLDXy_ZJ5UW6yEE= ; http://www.parisdigest.com/photos/sacre_coeur_view_paris.jpg ;
http://designyoutrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/paul-abadie.jpg
310

19.15 The Goetheanum, Dornach, Switzerland, 1919

(Arch. Rudolf Joseph Lonz Steiner)
Source: https://www.metalocus.es/sites/default/files/styles/mopis_news_carousel_item_desktop/public/file-images/metalocus_rudolf_steiner_01_1024.jpg?itok=3wv_Wf5F ;
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jelena-Bogdanovic/publication/308091429/figure/fig10/AS:457041518043138@1485978597153/Rudolf-Steiner-Goetheanum-I-Dornach-Switzerland-1913-19-floor-
plan-and-cross-section.png ; http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FJX6KWDVid4/VW2KIXM3psI/AAAAAAAATbU/AnKOLkOdZ0U/s1600/1goetheanum.jpg ; http://img-
fotki.yandex.ru/get/5407/synthart.48/0_4512a_b8827b13_XL ; http://www.rudolfsteineraudio.com/mainsteiner.gif
311

The 20th Lecture:
THE WORLD’s
ARCHITECTURE
OF 1920’s

Almaty, 2023
20.1 The A.D.German Warehouse, Richland Center, Wisconsin, USA, 1921

Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/A.D._German_Warehouse_view_from_SE.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/ADG_1.jpg/1280px-ADG_1.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Frank_Lloyd_Wright_designed_A._D._German_Warehouse_in_Richland_Center_Wisconsin_-_column_detail.jpg ;
http://chicagotonight.wttw.com/sites/default/files/field/image/FLW%20young%20cropped.JPG
313

20.2 The Aline Barnsdall Hollyhock House, East Hollywood, California, USA, 1921
Source: http://www.theblog.parsonarchitecture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Hollyhock-House-Plan.jpg ; https://archeyes.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/frank-lloyd-wright-los-angeles-Hollyhock-

House-exterior-5.jpg ; https://socallandmarks.com/wp-content/uploads/photo-gallery/HollyhockHouse6.jpg?bwg=1636585458 ; https://images.squarespace-
cdn.com/content/v1/630811a6ad34367560213cfa/1665618854572-XGTXRTSYJRZFEL1MAFVX/hollyhockhouse_exterior.jpg ;
https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/legacy/sites/wuwm/files/201910/pYO1Goz0_0.jpg
314

20.3 The ARBED building, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, 1922

(Arch. René Théry)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Luxembourg_Arcelor_Mittal.jpg
315

20.4 The Banco Bilbao Vizcaya, Madrid, Spain, 1923

(Arch. Ricardo Bastida)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/BBVA_Building_in_Madrid.jpg ; http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-

qZXamxAorow/T8BtcJVgGUI/AAAAAAAAAUQ/VG7rlTTpQ3M/s1600/IMG_1668.JPG ; http://www.forasterarquitectos.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Bastida_retrato_red.jpg
316

20.5 The HSBC Building / the Municipal Government Building, Shanghai, China, 1923
(Arch. “Palmer & Turner Architects and Surveyors”)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/HSBC_Building,_the_Bund,_Shanghai.jpg ; https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-8a1b7e73e736f76ef432748d61565270-

c?convert_to_webp=true ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Hsbcroof.JPG/250px-Hsbcroof.JPG
317

20.6 Le Corbusier “Vers une architecture”. – Éditions Crès, Collection de “L'Esprit Nouveau”, Paris,
1923.
Le Corbusier “Almanach d'architecture modern”. – Éditions Crès, Collection de “L'Esprit
Nouveau”, Paris, 1926.
Source: https://corbusier.totalarch.com/files/title/vers_une_architecture.jpg ; https://corbusier.totalarch.com/files/title/almanach_architecture_moderne.jpg ; https://myhandbook.ru/wp-

content/uploads/2019/12/Le-Corbusier-4.jpg
318

20.7 The Women's City Club building, Detroit, Michigan, USA, 1924
(Arch. William B.Stratton; “Waldridge & Aldinger”)
Source: http://www.detroit1701.org/Graphics/Women's%20City%20Club.jpg ; http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_sz9RArg3LvM/TBr83mnvQBI/AAAAAAAABM4/atVOLfjCrzs/s1600/DSCN1282.JPG ;

https://c1.staticflickr.com/1/154/437097398_cd303b4e4e_b.jpg
319

20.8 Гинзбург М.Я. Стиль и эпоха: проблемы современной архитектуры. – Москва:

Государственное издательство, 1924.
Ginzburg M.Ya. The Style and the epoch: problems of modern architecture. – Moscow:
State Publishing House, 1924.
Source: https://gcp-la8-storage-cdn.lot-art.com/public/upl/46/1924_1615809434_3636.jpg ; https://vse-svobodny.com/wp-
content/uploads/2022/04/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%B8-
%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0.jpg ; https://i0.wp.com/trv-science.ru/uploads/204-0034.jpg
320

20.9 The “Einstein Tower” astrophysical observatory, Potsdam, Germany, 1924

(Arch. Erich Mendelsohn)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Einsteinturm_7443.jpg ; http://churchthatmoves.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/einstein-tower.jpg ;
http://www.2bplan.de/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/images/ML09-2.jpg?itok=aZ4oQEsR ; https://scontent.cdninstagram.com/t51.2885-
15/s320x320/e35/13108498_1742588119315291_120822421_n.jpg?ig_cache_key=MTI1MjM3NDIxODI5ODYyNTIxOQ%3D%3D.2 ; http://www.aip.de/groups/soe/galerie/ausstellung/bilder/Schnitte.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Erich_Mendelsohn_cropped.jpg/220px-Erich_Mendelsohn_cropped.jpg
321

20.10 The Fagus Factory / Fagus Werk, Alfeld on the Leine, Germany, 1925
(Arch. Walter Adolph Georg Gropius, Adolf Meyer)
Source: https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/805/flashcards/4719805/jpg/13-143E094974B1578FC55.jpg ;
http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5415/8cb7/c07a/8016/d100/007a/large_jpg/14194660079_4c75a469e3_k.jpg?1410698406 ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/WalterGropius-1919.jpg/220px-WalterGropius-1919.jpg ;
https://image.jimcdn.com/app/cms/image/transf/none/path/s9f52c997f9dc437f/image/i5b8e6f4bbe53c0f6/version/1358787483/image.jpg
322

20.11 The Bauhaus building, Dessau, Germany, 1925

(Arch. Walter Adolph Georg Gropius)
Source: https://d33wubrfki0l68.cloudfront.net/7af49617b1e142a49681aa4ccefb7eacfa7c2224/ebcaf/img/fig-1.jpg ; https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2018/10/bauhaus-school-dessau-100-years-

architecture_dezeen_2364_col_0-1.jpg ; https://cdn.savingplaces.org/2019/01/16/17/28/27/154/Bauhaus_Bauhaus%20School%20Dessau_cr%20toml1959%20Flickr%20CC%20BY-NC%202.0_ed.jpg ;
https://mahlerfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Walter-Gropius-1915.jpg ; https://www.bauhaus-dessau.de/content/images/3fca9483c5430d57e8b3278573104067.jpg ;
https://img.welt.de/img/debatte/kommentare/mobile171669942/9972502707-ci102l-w1024/Bauhaus-building-in-Dessau.jpg
323

20.12 The USSR’s Pavilion / International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial
Arts, Paris, France, 1925 (Arch. Konstantin S.Mel’nikov)
Source: http://rubens.anu.edu.au/htdocs/laserdisk/0359/35979.JPG ;http://i068.radikal.ru/1307/93/5f25f8d36357.jpg ; http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/4528/1771339.148/0_8f636_660730fb_L.jpg ;

http://artyx.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000029/pic/000021.jpg ;http://static1.repo.aif.ru/1/f0/443311/c/9d0c768cb11207e056b526573929454e.jpg
324

20.13 The German Pavilion / World Exhibition, Barcelona, Spain, 1929

(Arch. Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Planta_libre-pabell%C3%B3n_de_barcelona.png ;http://bauhaus-online.de/files/imagecache/480h/bilder/501_931_barcelona_pavillon2_0.jpg ;

https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/f3/ca/1b/f3ca1b9959dea79abbb731301c771c6a.jpg
325

20.14 The Mel’nikov’s mansion, Moscow, USSR, 1929

(Arch. Konstantin S.Mel’nikov)
Source: http://a3.images.divisare.com/images/dpr_1.0,f_auto,q_auto,w_800/v1439370644/mjqr6ea0i3dvkwx3nk48/konstantin-stepanovich-melnikov-cemal-emden-melnikov-house.jpg ;
http://a1.images.divisare.com/images/dpr_1.0,f_auto,q_auto,w_800/v1439370638/tydjm1au9iniohjndu2z/konstantin-stepanovich-melnikov-cemal-emden-melnikov-house.jpg ;
http://theconstructivistproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/MelnikovHouse_9774_nm.jpg ;
http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5038/0f30/28ba/0d59/9b00/0be3/medium_jpg/stringio.jpg?1414198626 ; http://ideaguide.ru/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/melnikhov.jpg?itok=FfOMGrtk
326

20.15 The “Bulldog” Café, West Washington Boulevard, 1928; The “Mother Goose Pantry”,
Colorado Blvd., 1927; “I Scream Hoot Owl” Café, Valley Blvd,1927; The “Sphinx Realty
Company” sales building, Fairfax Ave., 1925; Coffee Cup Café, Pico Blvd., 1924 –
Los Angeles, USA
Source: https://waterandpower.org/6%20Historic%20Photos%206/Bulldog_Cafe_ca1928.jpg ; https://waterandpower.org/6%20Historic%20Photos%206/Hool_Owl_Cafe.jpg ;

https://waterandpower.org/2%20Historic%20Photos%202/Sphinx2.jpg ; https://waterandpower.org/2%20Historic%20Photos%202/Coffee_Cup_Cafe_1920s.jpg
327

The 21st Lecture:
THE WORLD’s
ARCHITECTURE
OF 1930’s

Almaty, 2023
21.1 The Eastern Columbia Building / the Eastern Columbia Lofts, Los Angeles, USA, 1930
(Arch. Claud W.Beelman)
Source: https://www.laconservancy.org/sites/default/files/styles/hero_partial/public/images/heroes/EasternColumbia_AdrianSF_0.JPG?itok=yW0XJpeq ;
http://bloximages.chicago2.vip.townnews.com/ladowntownnews.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/1/af/1afd8820-e568-11e0-9599-001cc4c03286/4e7bb30b535a5.image.jpg ; https://s-media-cache-
ak0.pinimg.com/736x/ef/cb/c9/efcbc91e2194b70a72d43fdba14715f7.jpg
329

21.2 The Villa Savoye, Poissy, France, 1930

(Arch. Charles-Édouard Jeanneret / Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret)
Source: http://gelproekt.pro/images/Gelpro/Stati/Savoy/Savoy_1.jpg ; https://ka-perseus-images.s3.amazonaws.com/a6e0790ce97bec178afd3297fe8386967add5eff.jpg ;

http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5037/e699/28ba/0d59/9b00/035e/medium_jpg/stringio.jpg?1414231181 ; https://www.smow.de/pics/ca-002-000/desc/ca-lc2sessel-designer-ds.jpg
330

21.3 The Empire State Building, Manhattan, New York City, USA, 1931
(Arch. William Frederick Lamb – “Shreve, Lamb & Harmon”)
Source: http://blog.kenkaminesky.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Kaminesky-Blog-NYC-Empire-State-Building-002-original.jpg ; http://www.worlds.ru//photo/usa_240320111058_2.gif ;

http://www.sikorskyarchives.com/images/s-33.gif
331

21.4 The Chrysler Building, Manhattan, New York City, USA, 1931
(Arch. William Van Alen)
Source: Photos by K.I.Samoilov, 2018 ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/22/William_Van_Alen.jpg
332

21.5 The “Shell-Haus” – Royal Dutch Shell subsidiary, “Rhenania-Ossag” headquarters,

Berlin, Germany, 1932 (Arch. Emil Fahrenkamp)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Berlin%2C_Tiergarten%2C_Reichpietschufer%2C_Shell-Haus.jpg/1280px-Berlin%2C_Tiergarten%2C_Reichpietschufer%2C_Shell-
Haus.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Shellhaus3a.jpg/1024px-Shellhaus3a.jpg ; https://architectuul.com/architect/emil-fahrenkamp
333

21.6 The Slaughterhouse, Shanghai, China, 1933

(Arch. “British master architect Balfours”)
Source: http://www.artonfile.com/images/Shanghai-55-6.jpg ; http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/4180827.jpg ; http://static3.crated.com/HmnCjSfqEurAtZrVhX9vYSt39t4=/fit-

in/960x960/filters:quality(90)/crated/thumbs/art/2014/05/02/f51f32ba243b53ebe5e2745f39af2b13/960.jpg
334

21.7 The “House on Mokhovaya” residential, Moscow, USSR, 1934

(Arch. Ivan V.Zholtovsky – “Workshop No.1”)
Source: http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/6522/51667439.32a/0_a71c4_9d41b4b1_L.jpg ; http://archspeech.com/image/uploads/image/history/15-08-12-zholt-2/0_86332_bd0cd12c_XL.jpg ; http://img-

fotki.yandex.ru/get/6002/anilow.b1/0_67e3b_1a58a140_L.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ivan_zholtovsky.jpg
335

21.8 The Academic Drama Theater named after Maxim Gorky, Rostov-on-Don, USSR, 1935
(Arch. Vladimir A.Shchyuko, Vladimir G.Gelfreich)
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/f/f9/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%BC.%D0%9C.%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D
0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83.jpg ;
http://www.ljplus.ru/img4/c/l/classwar_info/Teatr.jpg ; http://foretime.ru/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/dramaticheskij-teatr-im-m-gorkogo-v-rostove-na-donu02.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Architect_Vladimir_Alexeevich_Shchyuko-3.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Architect_Gelfreich_Vladimir.jpg
336

21.9 The Centrosoyuz Building, Moscow, USSR 1936

(Arch. Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Nikolai J,Colli)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Moscow_SakharovaStreet37_1468.jpg/1200px-Moscow_SakharovaStreet37_1468.jpg ;
https://media.admagazine.ru/photos/6140963c9ecf4e1934c47e9f/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/07_DSC_7694.jpg ; https://storage.yandexcloud.net/moskvichmag/uploads/2022/10/souz1-1024x538.jpg ;
https://old.topos.memo.ru/sites/default/files/styles/cover_600_width_color/public/type01/ulitsa-myasnitskaya-dom-39-moskva.jpg?itok=duQoF5q9 ; https://tehne.com/assets/i/upload/event/sa-1929-04-
022-ill-2.jpg ; https://www.mmsk.ru/objectdata/CatalogUnitImpl/41208/Kolli_Md.jpg ; https://www.du-grand-art.fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/pierre-jeanneret-portrait.jpg ;
https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/9/10/1410344589255/057db1c0-2575-43db-801a-c0d90f1fc714-bestSizeAvailable.jpeg?width=465&dpr=1&s=none
337

21.10 Ernst Neufert “Bauentwurfslehre”. – Berlin: Bauwelt-Vertag, 1936
Source: https://ireland.apollo.olxcdn.com/v1/files/z0llk7gohitx1-PL/image;s=1500x2000 ; https://api.architectuul.org/media/5c5965d4-b8d0-4f20-af84-483e6d7b5e1b/1312x.jpg ; https://m.media-

amazon.com/images/I/51Oy-CxKvtL._SX352_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg ; https://arh-lavka.ru/wa-data/public/shop/products/06/00/6/images/139/139.750@2x.jpg ;
https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/59f6/7302/b22e/3853/b800/015d/slideshow/Neufert_SRB.jpg?1509323519 ;
https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/59f6/72d9/b22e/3829/dc00/021d/slideshow/Neufert_ITA.jpg?1509323475
https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/59f6/731e/b22e/3853/b800/015f/slideshow/Neufert_CHI.jpg?1509323546 ; https://imgv2-1-
f.scribdassets.com/img/document/436209278/original/06e55d2198/1683061714?v=1
338

21.11 The Gosplan garage, Moscow, USSR, 1936

(Konstantin S.Melnikov, Vladimir Kurochkin)
Source: https://ic.pics.livejournal.com/nefer/1300302/1866295/1866295_original.jpg ; https://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/102061/159651311.3d/0_1561cc_9fad11f4_L.jpg ; https://sun9-

8.userapi.com/impg/dsiwo6l1F4IOHNL0iStjtA8Bj7TArZd8-6r3eQ/fvQp0uuapWg.jpg?size=604x483&quality=96&sign=e7da884b589e0b636ff76eaad37b9411&c_uniq_tag=TRf8ALYqZJkr-
kS_QuNROyXxXMO27ABpN0q1rok4MtQ&type=album ; https://old.bigenc.ru/media/2016/10/27/1235214247/21872.jpg ; https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRDcDXBI0S6MlPYI08UwMZ1MJEI-j_9BNpM9VRfzF-YoTrbaWzxyh1SzsklMcKHSb6w6Oo&usqp=CAU ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Gosplan_car_garage-_Konstantin_Melnikov%2C_1934-1936_%2811985312565%29.jpg/1024px-Gosplan_car_garage-
_Konstantin_Melnikov%2C_1934-1936_%2811985312565%29.jpg
339

21.12 The “Impero” Cinema, Asmara, Eritrea, 1937

(Arch. Mario Messina)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Asmara-cinema_Impero.jpeg ; http://www.traveladventures.org/countries/eritrea/images/asmara-architecture02.jpg ;

https://archiwatch.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/1-impero.jpg
340

21.13 The USSR’s Pavilion of the International Exhibition, Paris, France, 1937
(Arch. Boris M.Iofan, the sculpture by Vera I.Mukhina)
Source: http://ic.pics.livejournal.com/arkadeysladkov/9789056/155068/155068_320.jpg ; http://www.naviga-tor.ru/files/u1/1_5.jpg ; http://s41.radikal.ru/i093/1211/c8/536fbf4e484f.jpg ;

http://s47.radikal.ru/i115/1211/48/5adecd03799d.jpg
341

21.14 The Beresford hotel, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, 1938

(Arch. William Beresford Inglis)
Source: http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1215/888031564_7a53e1172c.jpg ; http://sentinelcontracts.co.uk/Large/beresford3_large.jpg ;

http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41398000/jpg/_41398128_deco416.jpg
342

21.15 The “Fallingwater” / the Kaufmann Residence, on Bear Run, Pennsylvania,

Pittsburgh, 1939 (Arch. Frank Lloyd Wright / Frank Lincoln Wright)
Source: http://static.squarespace.com/static/4ec170b3d09a9f2fb6cb95fa/4ec170b3d09a9f2fb6cb95fd/4eeb9009d09aad523395cb8f/1324499089031/?format=1000w ;
http://img.babyblog.ru/1/2/9/129988a5a6669c77f345c828c62872a1.jpg ; http://www.archidesignfrom.ru/uploads/posts/2010-05/1274874536_502.jpg ; https://s-media-cache-
ak0.pinimg.com/236x/bd/8a/23/bd8a23e6fc2ec4bb0640b9a8b386d2e3.jpg
343

The 22nd Lecture:
THE WORLD’s
ARCHITECTURE
OF 1940’s

Almaty, 2023
22.1 The Grundtvig's Church, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1940

(Arch. Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint)
Source: https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5797/8211/e58e/ce59/9600/00fb/large_jpg/Ibsen_1.jpg?1469547003 ; https://images.squarespace-
cdn.com/content/v1/57fd51f8197aea31fab427f9/bf1e6063-302b-433b-a9f9-9fbf4c16570b/5D3945BB-A80B-4666-B1F4-67161AB1BB0C_1_201_a.jpeg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/P.V.Jensen_Klint_at_desk.jpg/800px-P.V.Jensen_Klint_at_desk.jpg ; https://img.atlasobscura.com/EdkhJEfQHDHRDF-
dDGiQBeqIIJafvlECCrXLGM-
3bts/rt:fit/h:390/q:81/sm:1/scp:1/ar:1/aHR0cHM6Ly9hdGxh/cy1kZXYuczMuYW1h/em9uYXdzLmNvbS9h/cHBfdXBsb2Fkcy9w/bGFjZV9pbWFnZXMv/dXNlcl8yNTEwMjU2/X2FjYmMxZTg1LWJk/NDQtND
MwNC1hYjNk/LTViNjc0NWU2NzFi/Mw.jpg ; https://alchetron.com/cdn/grundtvigs-church-5a86e130-ebab-4c76-90fc-5626c2fc0fc-resize-750.jpg
345

22.2 The State Library, Moscow, USSR, 1940

(Arch. Vladimir A.Shchyuko, Vladimir G.Gelfreich)
Source: http://www.ljplus.ru/img4/c/o/coxy_fish/biblioteka-lenina015.jpg ; http://famous.totalarch.com/files/shuko/shuko_08.jpg ; http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IznbHL7ICpI/UiHpsPYc0eI/AAAAAAAAGBQ/jrOI-

OKihUc/s1600/IMG_3398.JPG ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Architect_Vladimir_Alexeevich_Shchyuko-3.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Architect_Gelfreich_Vladimir.jpg
346

22.3 The Theater of the Red Army, Moscow, USSR,1940

(Arch. Karo S.Alabyan, Vasily N.Simbirtsev, Boris G.Barkhin)
Source: http://uploads.chekhoved.net/uploads/image/_o/21576.jpg ; http://ic.pics.livejournal.com/dkphoto/11990971/2385221/2385221_original.jpg ;

http://arx.novosibdom.ru/story/sov_arx/sovarch_107_02.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/thumb/c/c8/Alabyan.jpg/220px-Alabyan.jpg ; http://www.marshals-victory.senat.org/amvasilevsky/new-
8.jpg ; http://i.archi.ru/i/420/131789.jpg
347

22.4 The Australian War Memorial, Canberra, Australia, 1941

(Arch. Emil Lawrence Sodersten, John Crust)
Source: http://static.planetminecraft.com/files/resource_media/screenshot/1235/Eagle_Eye_540_3473976.jpg ; http://megafun.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Clipboard-Image-6.jpg;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Australian_War_Memorial_courtyard.jpg ; http://www.hotelclub.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Australian-War-Memorial.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Emil_Sodersten.jpg/220px-Emil_Sodersten.jpg
348

22.5 Giedion Siegfried “Raum, Zeit, Architektur. Die Entstehung einer neuen Tradition” / Verlag:
Ravensburg Otto Maier Verlag., 1965 (base 1941)
Пространство, время, архитектура / Гидион З. ; Сокращенный перевод с немецкого
М.В.Леонене, И.Л.Черня. – 3-е издание. – Москва: Стройиздат, 1984.
Sources: https://pictures.abebooks.com/inventory/md/md20833069939.jpg ; https://tehne.com/assets/i/upload/library/gidion-prostranstvo-vremia-arhitektura-1984-p0001.jpg ; https://www.lars-mueller-

publishers.com/sites/default/files/styles/large_uncropped/public/siegfried-giedion.png?itok=SPHbvUEx
349

22.6 The Fort, Najran, Saudi Arabia, 1942
Source: https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CJ83xV-VEAEsjgY.jpg ; https://yooniqimages.blob.core.windows.net/yooniqimages-data-storage-resizedimagefilerepository/Detail/10491/c6d215a9-4767-4b79-

96a4-ef262b78c40d/YooniqImages_104914936.jpg ; https://yooniqimages.blob.core.windows.net/yooniqimages-data-storage-resizedimagefilerepository/Detail/10491/d8aad86d-f479-4184-8c98-
6d88048fdf89/YooniqImages_104914935.jpg
350

22.7 The Church of Saint Francis of Assisi / the Igreja da Pampulha, Pampulha, Brazil, 1943
(Arch. Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho)
Source: http://assets.dwell.com/sites/default/files/2014/04/24/1_st_francis_church_pampulha_architectural_complex_belo_horizonte_brazil_oscar_niemeyer.jpg;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Igrejinha_de_S%C3%A3o_Francisco_de_Assis_6.jpeg/800px-Igrejinha_de_S%C3%A3o_Francisco_de_Assis_6.jpeg ;
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_gyzySxHbR2o/TRfJCcwf3rI/AAAAAAAABXU/wkUXVqvrZhs/s1600/portinari+mural+-+Copy.jpg ; http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/49158699.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Oscar_Niemeyer_1968b.jpg/240px-Oscar_Niemeyer_1968b.jpg
351

22.8 The Hallgrímskirkja / Church of Hallgrímur, Reykjavík, Iceland, from 1945

(Arch. Guðjón Samúelsson)
Source: https://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/6822/106089749.9f/0_10463f_2eacc183_orig.jpg ; https://travellan.ru/upload/News%20of%20Travel/1159317801.jpg ;
https://planetofhotels.com/guide/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph__text_with_image___twi_image/public/2022-07/church-2_0.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gu%C3%B0j%C3%B3n_Sam%C3%BAelsson.jpg/274px-Gu%C3%B0j%C3%B3n_Sam%C3%BAelsson.jpg
352

22.9 The Dining Hall / Auditorium, Indian Institute of Science, Bombay, India, 1946
(Arch. Otto H.Königsberger)
Source: https://abe.revues.org/356#tocto2n3 ; http://abe.revues.org/docannexe/image/356/img-6.jpg ; http://abe.revues.org/docannexe/image/356/img-7.jpg ;

http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/01839/12BGMOTTOKOENINGSB_1839109g.jpg
353

22.10 Municipal Typical Dwelling Houses, Auckland, New Zealand, 1947
Source: http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/23745/symonds-st-flats ; https://cdn1.rwaws.com/s3/rw-media/propertyphotos/2014/8/27/H0747-

Original17245088.jpg.ashx?width=720&height=540&mode=crop&scale=both&anchor=middlecenter&quality=80 ;
http://static2.stuff.co.nz/1376363827/093/9036093.jpg
354

22.11 Phillip Q.Roche House, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA, 1947

(Louis Isadore Kahn / Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky, Oscar Gregory Stonorov)
Source: http://www.ncmodernist.org/lkahn-roche-1.jpg ; http://www.ncmodernist.org/lkahn-roche-2.jpg ; http://www.ncmodernist.org/lkahn-roche-5.gif ; http://www.phaidon.com/resource/kahnbowtieshot.jpg ;

http://cache4.asset-cache.net/gc/50525709-architect-oscar-stonorovs-four-children-
gettyimages.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=OCUJ5gVf7YdJQI2Xhkc2QF%2BOMPjjKs3H9%2FLklv4OPd05Slf7wm0ySXNR2%2BhBI5ycsxRcScd%2FdIgQWlyJOtzbaUXnHCDxH0fb%2FbjcNJI82kQ%3D
355

22.12 The MIT Baker House Dormitory, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1948
(Arch. Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto)
Source: https://listart.mit.edu/sites/default/files/media/images/2022-09/15681426078_65d6aaa0c6_o.jpg ; https://www.spillmanfarmer.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/aalto-1.jpg ;

https://howtobecomeanarchitect.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/alvar-aalto-baker-house.jpg?w=490&h=445 ;
https://studentlife.mit.edu/sites/default/files/styles/tier_2_header/public/baker.jpg?itok=ZiEOtXPI ;
https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5037/e00e/28ba/0d59/9b00/0147/slideshow/stringio.jpg?1414230667 ; https://maisonlouiscarre.fr/mlc/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/DC6pnLNXcAESwAP.jpg
356

22.13 The Sheats Apartments / "L'Horizon", Los Angeles, California, USA, 1949
(Arch. John Edward Lautner)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sheets_Apartments.jpg/500px-Sheets_Apartments.jpg ; https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8265/8755000111_26168abea9.jpg ;

http://1q38s2qpb853gp7kj1hooxcd.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/jj08-cm-gold-29-2000.jpg ;
http://dh101.humanities.ucla.edu/DH101Fall12Lab2/archive/files/ed966b539a4931eeabac25e681764045.jpg
357

22.14 The Promontory Apartments, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1949

(Arch. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe / Maria Ludwig Michael Mies, "Pace Associates")
Source: http://images.lib.ncsu.edu/des/Size2/NCSULIB-1-NA/1032/51267.jpg?userid=1&username=admin&resolution=2&servertype=JVA&cid=1&iid=NCSULIB&vcid=NA&usergroup=Design_Library-1-
Admin&profileid=1 ; https://c4.staticflickr.com/4/3650/3407026843_e2e0bbd3e5.jpg ; https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQVMjKHRD8GRf1Un0SewfVJ68pfAp-
1TEBmY9m13M8lstJDx4jm ; http://images.lib.ncsu.edu/des/Size2/NCSULIB-1-
NA/1040/72305.jpg?userid=1&username=admin&resolution=2&servertype=JVA&cid=1&iid=NCSULIB&vcid=NA&usergroup=Design_Library-1-Admin&profileid=1 ; http://www.design-
museum.de/fileadmin/_migrated/pics/Mies_van_Rohe_sw.crop498x498_01.jpg
358

22.15 The “Johnson House”, New Canaan, Connecticut, USA 1949

(Arch. Philip Johnson)
Source: http://www.designacademia.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/19.jpg ; http://img.sagardezign.co.uk/2015/06/22/philip-johnson-glass-house-floor-plan-l-cb63f9412f49b28f.jpg ;
http://www.bohaglass.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/philipjohnsonglasshouse2.jpg ; http://www.achievement.org/achievers/joh0/large/joh0-015.jpg
359

The 23rd Lecture:
THE WORLD’s
ARCHITECTURE
OF 1950’s

Almaty, 2023
23.1 Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois, USA, 1951

(Arch. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe)
Source: http://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/architects/farnsworth_house_gmad06_3.jpg ; http://img.mehve.net/2015/08/01/mies-van-der-rohe-farnsworth-house-floor-plan-l-d16f4e4484d1b72e.jpg ;
http://www.midcenturyhome.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/farnsworth_house_gmad06_9.jpg ; http://www.stylepark.com/db-images/cms/designer/img/miesvanderrohe_320_336-1.jpg
361

23.2 The Government House, Baku, Azerbaijan, USSR, 1952

(Arch. Lev V.Rudnev, Vladimir O.Munts)
Source: http://viza.md/sites/default/files/attractions/dom_pravitelstva_azerbaydzhana.jpg ; http://www.mercury-intour.com.ua/files/turns/1728/f8641397b4c06c8ab85f99c59d1b1653.jpg ;
http://oxu.azstatic.com/uploads/W1siZiIsIjIwMTUvMDQvMjQvMTgvNTgvMTgvMzIyLzQuanBnIl0sWyJwIiwiZW5jb2RlIiwianBnIiwiLXF1YWxpdHkgODAiXSxbInAiLCJ0aHVtYiIsIjU5MHg1OTA%2BIl1d?sha=ea
87e26b ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/3/34/Lev_Rudnev_1940.jpg; http://kmay.ru/photopers/n5300.png
362

23.3 The “Residential unit” (Unité d'Habitation), Marseille, France, 1952

(Arch. Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris / Le Corbusier)
Source: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/07/4e/93/074e93875ab38b9443f1dcbdcfd85cda.jpg ; http://corbusier.totalarch.com/files/build/043/002.jpg; https://s-media-cache-
ak0.pinimg.com/736x/a6/8d/b4/a68db4d1506ba77740b2ebe4c92c7c47.jpg ; http://i.archi.ru/i/650/300.jpg
363

23.4 The Main building of Moscow State University, Moscow., USSR 1952
(Arch. Boris M.Iofan, Lev V.Rudnev, Sergey E.Chernyshov, Pavel V.Abrosimov, Alexander
F.Khryakov, Vsevolod N.Nasonov)
Source: http://i.ytimg.com/vi/W_5jgGZrf2c/maxresdefault.jpg ; http://konspekta.net/studopediaorg/baza4/998131577904.files/image371.jpg ;

http://smartnews.ru/storage/c/2014/03/13/1394701894_061327_97.jpg ; http://s47.radikal.ru/i115/1211/48/5adecd03799d.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/d/d5/%D0%A1_%D0%95_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/8/8c/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg ; http://tsniisk.ru/images/hist/Nasonov-V-N.jpg
364

23.5 The Embassy of the United States of America, Havana, Republic of Cuba, 1953
(Arch. Wallace Kirkman Harrison, Max Abramovitz – “Harrison & Abramovitz”)
Source: http://oncubamagazine.com/wmag/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/us-embassy-havana-755x490.jpg ; http://www.havana-unwrapped.com/images/AmericanEmbassyHavana.jpg ; http://cache2.asset-

cache.net/gc/484023422-secretary-of-state-walks-under-the-seal-of-
gettyimages.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=X7WJLa88Cweo9HktRLaNXvOeYCmv%2B5DvbVph9elDLfNqq6HBe3FmT3BGFBbqI%2FeO%2BRgz5NMZs%2FbugffNja0HJSZCihKq%2FVSDmPYknHLD%2F
3o%3D ; http://imgc.allpostersimages.com/images/P-473-488-90/38/3803/5VLIF00Z/posters/architect-wallace-k-harrison-with-several-designs-for-the-united-nations-headquarters-buildings.jpg ;
http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2004/09/15/arts/Abra1184.jpg
365

23.6 The Smithdon High School / the Hunstanton Secondary Modern School, Hunstanton,
Norfolk, United Kingdom, 1954 (Arch. Peter Smithson and Alison Smithson)
Source: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/d8/1a/e6/d81ae6aa7fef377e3525a13eac263685.jpg ; http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5256/5544024383_075d18d6f0.jpg ;

http://archi-story.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/2262127409.jpg ; http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02698/alison-smythson_2698152c.jpg
366

23.7 The Wendell O.Pruitt Homes and William Igoe Apartments (“Pruitt–Igoe”), St. Louis,
Missouri, USA, 1954 (Arch. Minoru Yamasaki) – forcibly demolished 1972–1976
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pruitt-igoeUSGS02.jpg/1280px-Pruitt-igoeUSGS02.jpg ; https://arch3100designprimer.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/site-plan-pruit-
igoe.png ; https://yieldpro.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/A-cautionary-housing-tale.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Architect_Minoru_Yamasaki%2C_1959.jpg/800px-Architect_Minoru_Yamasaki%2C_1959.jpg
367

23.8 The Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp, France, 1955

(Arch. Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris / Le Corbusier)
Source: http://blogs.klerk.ru/images/attach_orig/32537.jpg ; http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FNzrJCBcqFs/TfcrQ6u5pGI/AAAAAAAAA1Y/DMBrwdW1vaI/s1600/Screen%2Bshot%2B2011-06-

14%2Bat%2B13.17.57.png ; http://fictionbook.ru/static/bookimages/12/35/10/12351082.bin.dir/h/i_011.jpg ; http://assets.loeildelaphotographie.com/uploads/article_photo/image/139065/H.jpg
368

23.9 The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, Hiroshima, Japan, 1955

(Arch. Kenzō Tange)
Source: https://cdn4.gbot.me/photos/Hr/4M/1336829180/Peace_Memorial_Museum__Hi-Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial-20000000002885219-500x375.jpg ;
http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/140531202620-2-hiroshima-peace-memorial-horizontal-large-gallery.jpg ; https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSnMjpgPzw9uF5qXqtacmO5wwQJF0pxO_s-aBJHgTFX3VKqpYEE ; http://www.hiroshimatours.info/uploads/2012/07/p-museum32.jpg ;
http://www.indesignlive.hk/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/11.jpg
369

23.10 The S.R.Crown Hall – Home of the College of Architecture at the Illinois Institute of
Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1956 (Arch. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe)
Source: http://www.eisaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/dsc_0342.jpg ; https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/b2/51/55/b25155c6898102e1821ec1ca94535e0e.jpg ; https://s-media-cache-

ak0.pinimg.com/236x/8e/00/e4/8e00e41916c3b18d339a815d025a261c.jpg
370

23.11 The Seagram Building, New York City, USA, 1958

(Arch. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe / Maria Ludwig Michael Mies, Philip Cortelyou Johnson)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/NewYorkSeagram_04.30.2008.JPG ; http://lebbeuswoods.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/seagram-1.jpg ; http://i.archi.ru/i/650/14718.jpg ;

http://www.nndb.com/people/880/000084628/van-der-rohe-1.jpg ; http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/j/fotos/johnson_philip_1957.jpg
371

23.12 The Atomium, Expo 58 / the 1958 Brussels World's Fair, Brussels, Belgium, 1958
(Arch. André Waterkeyn as eng., André Polak, Jean Polak)
Source: http://fashion.makeupandbeauty.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/atomium-belgium.jpg ; http://www.deborahhalverson.com/authorsite/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/lowestoft_brussels-atomium-

map.jpg ; http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Andre_WATERKEYN.jpg ; http://static.thousandwonders.net/Atomium.original.11391.jpg
372

23.13 The UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, France, 1958

(Arch. Pier Luigi Nervi as eng., Marcel Lajos Breuer, Bernard Louis Zehrfuss)
Source: http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/557f/bd87/e58e/ce56/d800/00b4/medium_jpg/Unesco_Headquarters__Paris.jpg?1434434940 ;
http://unesco.nlvertegenwoordiging.org/binaries/fullcentrecolumnimage/content/gallery/postenweb/f/frankrijk/nederlandse-permanente-vertegenwoordiging-bij-unesco-in-parijs/import/unesco-parijs.jpg ;
http://www.metalocus.es/content/en/system/files/file-images/01_nervi_popup.jpg ; http://media.voga.com/catalog/category/Silhouettes_Marcel_Breuer.jpg ;
http://www.citechaillot.fr/ressources/expositions_virtuelles/portraits_architectes/IMAGES/VIGNETTES-BIOGRAPHIES/ZEHRFUSS.jpg
373

23.14 The “Torre Velasca”, Milan, Italy, 1958 (Arch. Gianluigi Banfi, Lodovico Barbiano di
Belgiojoso, Enrico Peressutti, Ernesto Nathan Rogers – “BBPR”)
Source: https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/6441/0de2/dba0/a51f/cd6d/e902/large_jpg/asti-architetti-unveils-the-redesign-of-the-square-surrounding-torre-velasca-in-milan-italy_6.jpg?1681985040 ;
https://www.creherald.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Torre-Velasca-1-min.jpg ; https://media.archinform.net/m/00000495.jpg ; https://www.olivari.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/bbpr.jpg
374

23.15 The Solomon R.Guggenheim Museum / The Guggenheim, New York City, USA, 1959
(Arch. Frank Lloyd Wright / Frank Lincoln Wright)
Source: http://travelexp.me/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9-
%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0.jpg ; http://tartle.net/images/800x1300/14/01/muzyay-guggenhayma-v-nyu-yorke-prodolnyy-
razrez-p.jpg ; http://artclassic.edu.ru/attach.asp?a_no=18737 ; http://a3.files.biography.com/image/upload/c_fill,cs_srgb,dpr_1.0,g_face,h_300,q_80,w_300/MTE1ODA0OTcxODMwMTE3OTAx.jpg
375

The 24th Lecture:
THE WORLD’s
ARCHITECTURE
OF 1960’s

Almaty, 2023
24.1 The Theme Building, Los Angeles, USA, 1961 (Arch. James Langenheim, William Pereira,
Charles Luckman, Paul Williams, Welton Becket – Pereira & Luckman Architects)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Theme_building_LAX_AIRPORT_(10629344455).jpg ;
https://goldiamondgroup.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/gdg_photo_langenheimj_85x1301.jpg?w=85&h=130 ;
http://static1.squarespace.com/static/55d61d22e4b0aee2a50cf68d/55dd03cbe4b0b1bcccf59c30/55dd03cee4b0b33afc3ded70/1440646941604/LAX+Theme+Building+-+Ground+Level+sized.jpg ;
http://36.media.tumblr.com/3aa1d57d0ac091b5edd2c4ee329c5ff6/tumblr_nhrxfvzNko1scptfio3_r1_1280.jpg ; https://insuringthecity.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/clp_clwpike.jpg?w=940&h=767 ;
http://www.quotecollection.com/author-images/charles-luckman-1.jpg ; http://www.amoeba.com/admin/uploads/blog/Eric_B/PAulWilliams.jpg ;
http://www.dahp.wa.gov/sites/default/files/imagecache/architect/architects/Welton_Becket.jpg
377

24.2 The Kremlin Palace of Congresses / Кремлёвский Дворец съездов, Moscow, USSR,
1961 (Arch. Mikhail V.Posokhin, Ashot A.Mndoyants, Evgeniy N.Stamo, Pavel P.Steller,
Nikolay M.Schepetnikov)
Source: http://museums.artyx.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000000/pic/000077.jpg ; http://www.etoretro.ru/data/media/19/1358942748bab.jpg; http://persons-

info.com/userfiles/image/persons/30000-40000/38000-39000/38967/SHTELLER_Pavel_Pavlovich_2.jpg ; http://kannelura.ru/dr/1365_03.jpg ; http://kannelura.ru/dr/1365_01.jpg; https://kreml-
msk.ru/images/---------1946.jpg ; https://www.rewizor.ru/files/97713drph.jpg
378

24.3 The «El Helicoide» mole, Caracas, Venezuela, from 1961

(Arch. Pedro Neuberger, Dirk Bornhorst, Jorge Romero Gutiérrez)
Source: https://42mzqz26jebqf6rd034t5pef-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2-c-1980-Paolo-Gasparini.jpg ;
http://assets.atlasobscura.com/media/W1siZiIsInVwbG9hZHMvcGxhY2VfaW1hZ2VzL2Y5ZTgwMzgyZGRiYWJjZjI5MV9FbF9IZWxpY29pZGVfMjAwMF8wMDEuanBnIl0sWyJwIiwidGh1bWIiLCJ4MzkwPiJdL
FsicCIsImNvbnZlcnQiLCItcXVhbGl0eSA5MSAtYXV0by1vcmllbnQiXV0 ;
https://cdn2.uvnimg.com/dims4/default/1d2286a/2147483647/thumbnail/1240x698/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn1.uvnimg.com%2F75%2F07%2F9bb99de14de7869fc69619e9a293%2Fel-helicoide-
desde-el-noreste.%20Foto%20Nelson%20Garrido%2C%202012%20%281%29%20copy.jpg ; https://www.arquitecturayempresa.es/sites/default/files/content/arquitectura_helicoide_02.jpg ;
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-sxhWQKJCwOM/Vehq4GpWXcI/AAAAAAAAG78/1tc-n2BYJlY/s640/blogger-image-1417448735.jpg ; https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/--
ixmTwvHEd0/VehqsNFKM7I/AAAAAAAAG7s/7cefV1hOiZA/s640/blogger-image--1256020653.jpg
379

24.4 The Federal Capital complex, Brasília, Brazil, beginning of 1960's (Arch. Lúcio Marçal
Ferreira Ribeiro Lima Costa, Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho)
Source:http://traveltimeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/BraziliagorodstolitsaDvorets-Kongressov.jpg; http://telegraf.com.ua/files/2012/12/gorod-brazilia.jpg;
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/d5/67/96/d567962991d68b59156a20c3249a7556.jpg;https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/10/fb/7f/10fb7f7d600139e0d5720c78fec75be8.jpg;
http://i.archi.ru/i/650/20986.jpg
380

24.5 The Trans World Airlines Flight Center, New York City, USA, 1962
(Arch. Eero Saarinen)
Source: https://karenjohnsonphotography.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/twa-terminal-full.jpg ; http://i.huffpost.com/gen/245136/images/r-TWA-JFK-large570.jpg ;

http://airwaysnews.com/galleries/12214.jpg ; http://living.corriere.it/lifestyle/foto/2015/01/16/libro-es/Eero-Saarinen-ok.jpg?v=201501161334
381

24.6 The United States Air Force Academy Cadet Chapel, Colorado Springs, USA, 1962
(Arch. Walter A.Netsch – “Skidmore, Owings & Merrill”)
Source: http://noahsdad.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/airforce-academy-chapel-colorado-springs4-640x426.jpg ; https://mylittlemagicworld.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/1275859720-united-state-air-

force-academy-cadet-chapel-section.jpg ; https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/e6/36/af/e636afb2dfe7107dd4857204e5b6e294.jpg ;
http://exhibits.library.northwestern.edu/walternetsch/images/netsch/netsch2-1969sm.jpg
382

24.7 The Heliport for the 1964 New York World's Fair / “Terrace on the Park” – a banquet hall
in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, New York City, USA 1963
(Arch. Allan Gordon Lorimer)
Source: https://youdwreckthenation.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/terrace-2.jpg ; http://www.nywf64.com/Image/poraut/poraut48.jpg ; http://www.nywf64.com/Image/poraut/poraut34.jpg ;

https://media.wnyc.org/media/photologue/images/86/Lorimer600.jpg
383

24.8 The “The Economist” Building, London, United Kingdom, 1964

(Arch. Alison Smithson and Peter Smithson)
Source: http://www.bdonline.co.uk/Pictures/web/p/h/w/Economist-5526-we_546.jpg ; http://www.andrewhiggott.com/uploads/3/2/3/9/3239204/928231_orig.jpg?1367956449 ; https://s-media-cache-

ak0.pinimg.com/736x/9a/7d/54/9a7d5443568c446a3628c5f382beeb6c.jpg ; http://us.123rf.com/450wm/claudiodivizia/claudiodivizia1402/claudiodivizia140200082/25542271-london-england-uk--march-04-
2009-the-economist-building-designed-in-1962-by-alison-and-peter-smithso.jpg ; http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5412/6b3a/c07a/8093/1f00/009a/slideshow/53a5e8cfc07a80a393000086_what-can-
be-learnt-from-the-smithsons-new-brutalism-in-2014-_aps-at-priory-walk-e1297701703123.jpg?1410493236
384

24.9 The Yamanashi Broadcasting and Press Centre, Kōfu, Japan, 1966
(Arch. Kenzō Tange)
Source: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/a7/27/d6/a727d6415d5a79f0c801a514fce5085f.jpg ; http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BRtb5m-
_ucw/U7UPdYFEggI/AAAAAAAAEDY/NFik080oOCU/s1600/TANGE+Yamanashi-seccion-R.jpg ; https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3676/13793159764_028a6c291f_b.jpg ; http://i.archi.ru/i/650/309.jpg
385

24.10 The State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics named after Konstantin
E.Tsiolkovsky, Kaluga, USSR, 1967 (Arch. B.G.Barkhin, E.I.Kireev, N.G.Orlova, V.A.Strogiy,
K.D.Fomin)
Source: http://www.september-t.ru/upload/september/location/14118.jpg; http://kaluga-apx.users.photofile.ru/photo/kaluga-apx/150974732/167627298.jpg ; http://sm.evg-

rumjantsev.ru/pictures/barkhin1.jpg; http://www.raasn.ru/images/akademiki/kireev.jpg
386

24.11 The Pavilion of the United States for the 1967 World Fair, EXPO 67 / the Montreal
Biosphère, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 1967 (Arch. Richard Buckminster “Bucky” Fuller)
Source: http://www.tourisme-montreal.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/expo67-usa-pavilion-biosphere-tourisme-montreal-2012.jpg ; http://expo67.ncf.ca/mini_express_expo67_us_pavillion.jpg ;

http://we-aggregate.org/media/files/d94c1beaaf818a96d916835b40aab7f0.jpg ; http://britton.disted.camosun.bc.ca/expo67/unitedstates5.jpg ;
http://a1.files.biography.com/image/upload/c_fill,cs_srgb,dpr_1.0,g_face,h_300,q_80,w_300/MTE1ODA0OTcxNjM0NDkyOTQx.jpg
387

24.12 The “Habitat 67” – a model community and housing complex, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada, 1967 (Arch. Moshe Safdie)
Source: http://traveltimeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/KanadaMonrealZdanie-Habitat-67-2.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Habitat_panorama.jpg/1920px-

Habitat_panoramajpg ; https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/05/8a/cd/058acd2910437af78db27d7804cb135e.jpg ; https://c2.staticflickr.com/4/3061/3092777939_db85c90875.jpg
388

24.13 Venturi, Robert; Brown, Denise Scott; Izenour, Steven. Learning from Las Vegas: The
Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form. – Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1968.
Вентури Роберт, Айзенур Стивен, Браун Дениз Скотт. Уроки Лас-Вегаса. Забытый
символизм архитектурной формы / Переводчик: Третьяков Иван, Редактор: Ситар Сергей
Издательство: Strelka Press, 2015.

Sources: https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/81JzxdTXtCL._AC_UF1000,1000_QL80_.jpg ;
https://img4.labirint.ru/rc/53bc5a8299809217517d83a47919efe7/363x561q80/books50/492734/cover.jpg?1563828793 ; https://dmn-dallas-news-
prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/4LK7lN_egUMjEY2sotnSTpc-bvU=/1660x934/smart/filters:no_upscale()/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-
dmn.s3.amazonaws.com/public/GJHSKCQUPCKF7M2T5CR4WZFZWY.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/66/Image_of_Steven_Izenour.jpg
389

24.14 The Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin, Germany, 1968

(Arch. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe)
Source: http://www.mimoa.eu/images/27975_l.jpg ; http://es.wikiarquitectura.com/images/1/1b/6_nationalgalerie.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Neue_Nationalgalerie_Berlin_-

_von_oben.jpg ; http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/neuenationalgalerie/nng1.jpg ; http://www.workplaceelements.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/mies-van-der-rohe.png
390

24.15 The Boston City Hall, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 1968

(Arch. Kallmann McKinnell & Knowles, Campbell, Aldrich & Nulty)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boston_City_Hall_aerial_2019_P1020786a.jpg/1280px-Boston_City_Hall_aerial_2019_P1020786a.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Boston_City_Hall_Government_Center_entrance_with_engraved_title_2020.jpg/800px-
Boston_City_Hall_Government_Center_entrance_with_engraved_title_2020.jpg ; https://bostonsightseeing.us/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Boston-City-Hall.jpg ; https://c20society.org.uk/wp-
content/uploads/2019/11/BostonCityHall-Courtesy_Utile-Copyright_AntonGrassl_Esto-Image501.jpg ;
https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/597f/9333/b22e/38b2/5600/01ff/large_jpg/bostoncityhall.jpg?1501532976 ;
https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5038/0476/28ba/0d59/9b00/093b/newsletter/stringio.jpg?1414207502 ;
391

The 25th Lecture:
THE WORLD’s
ARCHITECTURE
OF 1970’s

Almaty, 2023
25.1 The Vladimir Ilyich Lenin Memorial, Ulyanovsk, USSR, 1970

(Arch. Boris S.Mezentsev, Harold G.Isakovich, Mikhail P.Konstantinov)
Source: https://infanoj.ru/upload/uf/f5c/f5c773b4d3c774d1d9dee2095bb710c5.jpg ; https://ulobl.ucoz.ru/123/memor4.jpg ; https://farm5.static.flickr.com/4148/4837195564_af05cc1847.jpg ;

https://farm5.static.flickr.com/4085/4836584121_d5d15cd0a0.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Mezentsev_B.S.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/c/ca/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%93%
D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.jpg https://i5.otzovik.com/2017/03/26/4692144/img/50829958.jpeg
393

25.2 The Secretariat of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, Moscow, USSR, 1970
(Arch. Mikhail V.Posokhin, Ashot A.Mndoyants, Vladimir A.Svirsky)
Source: http://www.mskvd.ru/plugins/p17_image_gallery/images/1/16.jpg ; http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/25100595.jpg ; http://fotkidepo.ru/photo/376514/38119LBkePjTNeQ/805544w.jpg ;

http://dic.academic.ru/pictures/bse/jpg/0233043469.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/thumb/9/91/%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86.jpg/220px-
%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%86.jpg
394

25.3 The Finlandia Hall, Helsinki, Finland, 1971

(Arch. Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto)
Source: h ttps://www.finlandiatalo.fi/sites/default/files/finlandia_house.jpg ; http://www.tomchao.com/eu/fin5-hallx.jpg ; http://www.architecturerevived.com/wp-

content/uploads/2015/08/finlandia_hall_helsinki.jpg ; https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8210/8196427590_91dd177d28_b.jpg ; https://s-media-cache-
ak0.pinimg.com/736x/00/98/ed/0098ed1acb29fc88fe07ebda820753d4.jpg ; http://nordicdesign.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/alvar-aalto.png
395

25.4 The Nakagin Capsule Tower, Ginza, Tokyo, Japan, 1972

(Arch. Kisho Kurokawa)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nakagin.jpg/800px-Nakagin.jpg ; https://i0.wp.com/japanpropertycentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Nakagin-Capsule-Tower-

Floorplan.jpg ; https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/k/fotos/kurokawa.jpg ;
https://n1s2.hsmedia.ru/84/4d/c9/844dc92599d3652e0629a8ed4bc3c5d8/5000x3333_0xac120003_14658179751672310534.jpeg
396

25.5 The “The Pyramids” / College Life Insurance Company Headquarters “”, Indianapolis, IN,
USA, 1972 (Arch. “Kevin Roche, John Dinkeloo and Associates”)
Source: https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5248/e7b5/e8e4/4e67/bf00/02c3/slideshow/col_back.jpg?1380509609 ; https://docomomo-us.org/resource/screen-xlg/medias/image/5lvjp7okdzj5el6.jpg ;

https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5248/e7c3/e8e4/4eff/0200/02f6/slideshow/col_close.jpg?1380509625 ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/The_pyramid_buildings.jpg/1024px-The_pyramid_buildings.jpg ;
https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5248/e7db/e8e4/4eff/0200/02f7/slideshow/col_side.jpg?1380509647 ; https://www.krjda.com/images/_history/dendur.jpg
397

25.6 The Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia, 1973

(Arch. Jørn Oberg Utzon)
Source: http://telecoms.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2011/09/sydney-opera-house.jpg ; http://40.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_l4ko36e0UY1qb8342o1_500.jpg ; http://raredelights.com/wp-

content/uploads/2014/07/Bah%C3%A1%E2%80%99%C3%AD-House-of-Worship-a.k.a-Lotus-Temple-Delhi.jpg ; https://cfileonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Jorn-Utzon-Sydney-Opera-House-7.jpg ;
http://culturebox.francetvinfo.fr/sites/default/files/assets/images/2013/12/opera_de_sydney.jpg
398

25.7 The World Trade Center / "Twin Towers", New York City, USA, 1973
(Arch. Minoru Yamasaki)
Source: http://pagetravel.ru/travel/IMG_0086.JPG ;http://www.thewallpapers.org/photo/3854/NYC_New_York_World_Trade_Center_facade_upright_b.jpg ;

http://www.crainsdetroit.com/apps/pbcsi.dll/storyimage/CD/20150308/NEWS/303089972/V2/0/Minoru_Yamasaki.jpg&MaxW=1400&MaxH=1400
399

25.8 The CSC Design Studio Headquarters / “Raven Run Residence”, Kentucky, USA, 1975
(Arch. Richard Steven "Dick" Levine)
Source: http://www.cscdesignstudio.com/project_arc_raven%20run.html ; http://media.kentucky.com/smedia/2013/12/02/00/54/cDGIp.AuSt.79.jpeg
400

25.9 The Ministry of Highway Construction of the Georgian SSR / the Bank of Georgia
headquarters, Tbilisi, Georgia, USSR, 1975 (Arch. George Chakhava, Zurab Jalaghania)
Source: http://zona-k45.ru/uploads/posts/2013-11/1385610841_505.jpeg ; https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-vWPHd-zbFbc/UhnDonaEzjI/AAAAAAAAOsU/4spOI0aR_5A/s800/_MG_4523.jpg ;

https://eliinbar.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/17_soviet-modernism-unknown-stories.gif ; https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/images/9/94/Georgia1.jpg ; www.chakhava.ge
401

25.10 The Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France, 1977

(Arch. Renzo Piano, Richard George Rogers and Gianfranco Franchini)
Source: http://lifeglobe.net/media/entry/6867/1.jpgb ; http://paris10.ru/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/field/image/the-georges-pompidou-centre_1.jpg?itok=6rLhDX7N;

http://www.toto.co.jp/gallerma/hist/im/biogra/pianor.gif; https://www.architecture.com/RIBA/Visitus/Library/Assets/Photographs/RichardRogers_RIBA2783-21_414x414px.jpg
402

25.11 Cube houses, Helmond, Netherlands, 1977

(Arch. Piet Blom)
Source: https://www.mimoa.eu/images/16564_l.jpg ; http://info.math4all.nl/MathAdoreOpgaven/Images/kubuswoning01.jpg ; https://s-media-cache-

ak0.pinimg.com/236x/b1/3f/7d/b13f7d5746cd6972b93bb82526ab1710.jpg
403

25.12 The BEST Products “Notch Building” Showroom, Sacramento, CA, USA, 1977
(Arch. James Wines, “SITE”)
Source: https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iUF5ixZbGu4/Uxl7LN0LwiI/AAAAAAAAPj4/2aspmtDAA_0/s1600/Notch_02.jpg ; https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-

_Dc2Iz37fKI/Uxl7LKND8yI/AAAAAAAAPkA/eOLlsKeuoh8/s1600/Notch_01.jpg ; https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ofce9LGMnzs/VUBwgdy9PtI/AAAAAAAAY2k/eGvARfzqbkU/s640/NotchOpen.jpg ;
https://64.media.tumblr.com/99d6a8ceb6c779ebdae492a8340e4023/tumblr_oxvu72r18q1qzlcoro4_1280.jpg ;
https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/565b/f7bf/e58e/ceb2/5f00/044f/large_jpg/BEST_Notch_Bldg_balloons.jpg?1448867761 ;
https://image.jimcdn.com/app/cms/image/transf/none/path/sfd346d94385576d6/image/i70c19e8ef93ebba2/version/1644050037/image.jpg
404

25.13 "The Egg" performing arts center, New York city, USA, 1978
(Arch. Wallace Kirkman Harrison, Max Abramovitz – “Harrison & Abramovitz”)
Source: http://cdn.onlyinyourstate.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/The-Egg-Empire-State-Plaza-Albany-NY-July-2015-20662430049-700x469.jpg ; https://s-media-cache-
ak0.pinimg.com/736x/93/88/b4/9388b46f9cc7078ebdad00692db9f685.jpg ; https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/e0/a2/a3/e0a2a3816712b4af079e0f459bd448af.jpg;
http://archivesofthecentury.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/harrison.jpg ; http://www.nyc-architecture.com/ARCH/14289646.jpg
405

25.14 The Historical and Ethnographic Museum on the Sulaiman-Too mount, Osh,
Kyrgyzstan, USSR, 1978 (Arch. Kubanychbek K.Nazarov)
Source: http://files3.adme.ru/files/news/part_59/590005/2250605-R3L8T8D-650-25phantasticsovietblds001-6.jpg ; http://tourkg.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Sulaymanka3.jpg ;

http://news.fergananews.com/photos/2008_10/oshtash2.jpg ; http://members.vb.kg/2013/10/11/golovy1.jpg
406

25.15 The Urban public plaza “The Piazza d’Italia”, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 1978
(Arch. Charles Moore, “Perez Architects”)
Source: http://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2015/08/Piazza-d-Italia_Charles-Moore_Kevin-Keim_dezeen_784.jpg ; http://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2015/08/Piazza-d-Italia_Charles-Moore_Kevin-

Keim_dezeen_468_18.jpg ; http://mediastore.magnumphotos.com/CoreXDoc/MAG/Media/TR6/7/5/6/f/NN196610.jpg
407

The 26th Lecture:
THE WORLD’s
ARCHITECTURE
OF 1980’s

Almaty, 2023
26.1 The Serefudin’s White Mosque (Šerefudinova Bijela Džamija), Visoko, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, 1980 (Arch. Zlatko Ugljen)
Source: http://mimpi2020.blogspot.com/2013/11/serefudins-white-mosque-bosnia-zlatko.html ; https://bastina20.ba/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/serefudinova-bijela-dzamija-3.jpg ;

http://www.superprostor.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Akademik-Zlatko-Ugljen-1929-310x206.jpg
409

26.2 The National Parliament House (Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban), Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1982
(Arch. Louis Kahn, Muzharul Islam - co architect)
Source: https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7153/6808456365_d4dd1172de_b.jpg ; http://www.upenn.edu/gazette/0107/images/kahn_portrait.gif ; https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-

l6qvEOGv1ZU/VEJf1_TZH1I/AAAAAAAABK8/1wuBpkASlpM/w919-h627/Jatiyo%2BSangshad%2BBhaban%2B%2528National%2BAssembly%2BBuilding%2529%252C%2BBangladesh.jpg ;
https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7165/6808455477_a346f60535_b.jpg ; http://www.fanphobia.net/uploads/actors/15963/muzharul-islam-profile-picture.jpg
410

26.3 “Follies”, the Parc de la Villette, Paris, France, 1982

(Arch. Bernard Tschumi)
Source: https://benleavitt.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/20083565.jpeg ;http://rcoyne99.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/screen-shot-2011-02-12-at-17-42-351.png?w=750 ;

http://img.groundspeak.com/waymarking/log/a3b6f3eb-9ae1-4f85-8f5c-77f444bad3b1.jpg ; http://spc.fotolog.com/photo/44/29/75/heydude89/1197648272_f.jpg ;
http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2008/06/04/timestopics/Tschumi-395.jpg
411

26.4 The Portland Municipal Services Building, Portland, Oregon, USA, 1982
(Arch. Michael Graves, Emery Roth & Sons)
Source: https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/890/flashcards/2588890/jpg/portland_public1364936268391.jpg ; https://acdn.architizer.com/thumbnails-

PRODUCTION/b4/bb/b4bb816e43626e94b289aa3dd434239d.jpg ; http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4041/4371390687_4d1d5a956b.jpg ; http://www.waltlockley.com/portlandgraves/portlandgravestiny.JPG ;
https://history.denverlibrary.org/sites/history/files/DPL%20Archives%20Michael%20Graves%20photo%20by%20William%20Taylor.jpg
412

26.5 The Minsk State Polytechnic Institute Architectural faculty building / the BNTU's 15th
building, Minsk, Belarus, USSR, 1983 (Arch. Igor I.Es’man, Victor I.Anikin – “Minskproekt”)
Source:: http://vignette2.wikia.nocookie.net/eminsk/images/f/fc/15%D0%91%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%A3.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20110307154320&path-prefix=ru ;
http://gallery.minsklife.com/up/gallery/bntu15.jpg ; http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1248/1403448578_0a4a28d9c0_o.jpg ; http://www.kp.ru/f/12/image/86/93/2109386.jpg ;
http://ais.by/ites/ais.by/files/2013/201301/Anikin.jpg
413

26.6 The Commercial offices complex “PPG Place - Glass Company”, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
USA, 1984 (Arch. Philip Johnson, John Burgee)
Source: http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5304/0de2/e8e4/4ee8/ac00/00a7/large_jpg/FlickrMattGardner.jpg?1392774593 ; http://davedicello.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Supermoon-over-PPG-

Place-in-Pittsburgh.jpg ; http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BG0x5mTa8eI/TGQ2PhxiUSI/AAAAAAAAAa4/b4TVAowjCEA/s1600/IMG_5543.JPG ;
http://s3.transloadit.com.s3.amazonaws.com/4b30ae61b7c84e42b6be045272ec3211/ae/ccb111957b21cdc5484ec284aeae52/joh0-025.jpg
414

26.7 The AT&T World Headquarters / 550 Madison Avenue, New York city, USA, 1984
(Arch. Philip Cortelyou Johnson, John Burgee - "Johnson / Burgee Architects")
Source: http://arch-grafika.ru/_pu/0/26946620.jpg;http://www.nyc-architecture.com/MID/MID037-att.chip.top.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sony_Building_by_Matthew_Bisanz.jpg/220px-Sony_Building_by_Matthew_Bisanz.jpg ;
http://forgotten-ny.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/52.madison.e55-506x380.jpg;http://l1.alamy.com/thumbs/4/ed681534-15b9-4ae0-b3b4-1c02cc953c85/AJ712C.jpg
415

26.8 The "Arènes de Picasso" dwelling houses complex, Noisy-le-Grand, France, 1985
(Arch. Manuel Nuñez Yanowsky)
Source: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/ea/00/16/ea00160d6008d80aa40bd7c228bf33b2.jpg;http://flavorwire.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/picasso-bing2-copie.jpg;
http://footage.framepool.com/shotimg/qf/316099817-les-arenes-de-picasso-manolo-nunez-yanowsky-marne-la-vallee-postmodernism-architecture.jpg;
https://architectsbyphotographers.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/nunez-par-beaufre.jpg?w=433&h=680
416

26.9 The "Les Echelles du Baroque" residential building complex, Paris, France, 1985
(Arch. Ricardo Bofill Leví - "Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura")
Source: https://res.cloudinary.com/homify/a_0,c_fit,q_70,w_554/v1438320449/p/photo/image/215814/Les_Echelles_du_Baroque_Paris_France_Ricardo_Bofill_Taller_Arquitectura_14.jpg;
http://archcase.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Les_Echelles_du_Baroque_Paris_France_Ricardo_Bofill_Taller_Arquitectura_12.jpg;
http://us.archello.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/header_detail_large/LesEchellesduBaroqueParisFranceRicardoBofillTal_0.jpg;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BMyp03jh4Y8/UFsNN7zW5-
I/AAAAAAAADHg/MjKIHhJD7lQ/s640/Ricardo+Bofill+_+Maquette+Echelles+du+Baroque+_+Paris+_+1985.jpg
417

26.10 The HSBC Main Building, Hong Kong, China, 1985

(Arch. Norman Robert Foster – “Foster + Partners”)
Source: http://legacy.skyscrapercenter.com/class-image.php/userpics/10005/?width=1000&height=800&image=/images/albums/userpics/10005/HSBC_Ext_Aerial2_(c)TerriMeyerBoake.jpg ;
https://c1.staticflickr.com/5/4093/4771188849_a5b18ec9e6.jpg ; http://cache3.asset-cache.net/gc/490680661-the-hsbc-holdings-plc-headquarters-left-and-
gettyimages.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=X7WJLa88Cweo9HktRLaNXivUlgpmqYDGcq3bnU4viRP0MmmrD1mx7oxyAcRGyHoFOmPw%2FqLyowRKMF5E5BfieA%3D%3D ;
http://www.hkchcc.org/normanfoster1.jpg

418

26.11 The Central Research Institute of Robotics and Technical Cybernetics, Leningrad,
USSR, 1987 (Arch. Boris I.Artiushin, Stanislav V.Savin)
Source: http://fofoi.ru/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/nii.jpg ; http://i41.sobaka.ru/images/image/00/60/06/11/_normal.jpg ; http://p2.citywalls.ru/photo_37-38738.jpg?mt=1273625807 ; https://encrypted-

tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTDRi6TNnJY1I51VGDRIqzyXvVJB7gHKfuHJN9RjccPDULK6hda ; http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/9165/51667439.41a/0_e5c2b_9debe490_L.jpg
419

26.12 The Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Las Vegas, NV, USA
(Arch. “Tate & Snyder Architects”, 1989)
Source: https://ak4.picdn.net/shutterstock/videos/6099974/thumb/1.jpg?ip=x480 ; https://images.fineartamerica.com/images/artworkimages/mediumlarge/1/las-vegas-lds-temple-carl-nielsen.jpg ;

https://assets.churchofjesuschrist.org/06/ca/06ca434604967e015393fe056f741b3784c633c41068266/las_vegas_temple_lds.jpeg ;
https://assets.churchofjesuschrist.org/50/7d/507d3d6f75911402e23afa6322b06a4d3e92fc15/las_vegas_temple.jpeg ;
https://churchofjesuschristtemples.org/assets/img/temples/portland-oregon-temple/portland-oregon-temple-1629-thumb.jpg ;
https://churchofjesuschristtemples.org/assets/img/temples/las-vegas-nevada-temple/las-vegas-nevada-temple-31039.jpg
420

26.13 The Asahi Beer Hall / the Flamme d'Or, Tokyo, Japan, 1989
(Arch. Philippe Starck)
Source:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Skytree_%26_Asahi_Breweries_Building,_from_Azumabashi,_Asakusa_2012_%E2%85%A2.JPG;https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2635/3754008
518_c504bfbc76.jpg; http://pure.imm-cologne.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/VDS_T05_0507.jpg
421

26.14 The “La Grande Arche de la Fraternité” office building / the “La Grande Arche de la
Défense”, Paris, France, 1989 (Arch. Johan Otto von Spreckelsen, Paul Andreu)
Source: http://www.movingvan.ru/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/La-Grande-Arche-La-Defense-Paris.jpg ;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-

CTi96qEPadA/ULZuIuDU5aI/AAAAAAAAB7A/bAEnn1USx3E/s1600/Grande-Arche.jpg ; http://mycoweb2.narod.ru/Submitted/SJG/6Paris_Grande_Arche_Defense.jpg ;
http://image2.findagrave.com/photos/2006/298/16329892_116187109241.jpg ; http://i.archi.ru/i/650/5697.jpg
422

26.15 The “Louvre Pyramid” Louvre's entrance pavilion, Paris, France, 1989
(Arch. Ieoh Ming Pei)
Source: http://comments.ua/images/Louvre_shutterstock_4700979_1.jpg ;https://youraudioguide.com/photo2/c/606/404/f66c90bbda19aca0f1f7c29167cb0614.jpg ;

http://www.terra-z.ru/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/01_B23_LA-PYRAMIDE-DU-LOUVRE.jpg ;http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/pictures/636xAny/1/2/9/1219129_PORTRAIT2CREDIT_victor_orlewicz.jpg
423

The 27th Lecture:
THE WORLD’s
ARCHITECTURE
OF 1990’s

Almaty, 2023
27.1 Bus Stations – “1990 Travel EXPO”, Konagai, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, 1990
Source: http://img.gawkerassets.com/img/1989r9hbd01qjjpg/ku-xlarge.jpg ; http://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-oYnOtNdrkaM/VgQRctPXWoI/AAAAAAABHFQ/8rlu5356THQ/konagai-isahaya-fruit-bus-

stops-10%25255B6%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800 ; http://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-oGf5R0fm3lo/VgQRlCxBz3I/AAAAAAABHGI/0-hF8QRIcHo/konagai-isahaya-fruit-bus-stops-
9%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800
425

27.2 The Luxor, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 1993

(Arch. Veldon Simpson, “Veldon Simpson-Architect”)
Source: https://live.staticflickr.com/3177/3104839727_6922f04a78_b.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Luxor_hotel_%28Las_Vegas%29_interior.jpg/1280px-

Luxor_hotel_%28Las_Vegas%29_interior.jpg ; https://www.tripsavvy.com/thmb/jspvw203enR6XUMOkoQwqMs0seE=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/luxor-hotel-and-casino-at-
night--las-vegas--nevada--usa-141856990-5c32855646e0fb000182e04f.jpg ; https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/0b/a6/83/db/pool-view.jpg ; https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-
s/0f/fd/e3/a0/photo1jpg.jpg ; https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/26/9d/0e/26/caption.jpg ; Photos by K.I.Samoilov, 2023
426

27.3 The “Carré d'art” museum of contemporary art and the city's library, Nîmes, France, 1993
(Arch. Norman Robert Foster – “Foster + Partners”)
Source: http://carreartmusee.com/fichier/p_media/45/media_fichier_.d.huguenin.jpg ; http://carreartmusee.com/fichier/p_media/48/media_fichier_.foster.partners.coupe.retaill.e.jpg ;

http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5230/891/1600/IMG_2873.jpg ; http://files1.structurae.de/files/photos/pritzker/foster.jpg
427

27.4 The "Umeda Sky Building" office building, Osaka Prefecture, Japan, 1993
(Arch. Hiroshi Hara)
Source: http://alvinjani.mylovepress.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/13040800093.jpg ; http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get2/I0000ojmd.mXmRC0/fit=1000x750/200204-UmedaSky-bldg.jpg ;

http://i.archi.ru/i/250/6195.jpg
428

27.5 The SIS's Vauxhall Cross headquarters, London, United Kingdom 1994
(Arch. “Terry Farrell and Partners”)
Source: http://36.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_mc8lg4qWZZ1riwjz5o1_1280.png ; http://manchesterhistory.net/architecture/1990/mi6e.jpg ; http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/00623/news-graphics-

2006-_623245a.jpg ;
429

27.6 The Clark County Library and Theater, Las Vegas, NV, USA
(Arch. Michael Graves, “JMA Architects”, 1994)
Source: https://lvccld.bibliocommons.com/events/uploads/images/full/b59740003fd0743e98064b8b43b0dcda/CC1200x640.jpg ;
https://media.lasvegasweekly.com/img/photos/2013/06/05/michael_graves_by_corlene_byrd_t653.jpg?214bc4f9d9bd7c08c7d0f6599bb3328710e01e7b ;
https://i.pinimg.com/736x/f3/57/f8/f357f8679b5e8c39b3420c9481856ad9--michael-graves-clark-county.jpg ; Photos by K.I.Samoilov, 2023 ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Michael_Graves%2C_architect%2C_Princeton%2C_N.J.jpg
430

27.7 The Dancing House / Tančící dům / "Fred and Ginger" office building, Prague, Czech
Republic, 1996 (Arch. Vlado Milunić, Frank Owen Gehry / Frank Owen Goldberg)
Source: http://i.idnes.cz/11/052/org/WEB3b0d1b_profimedia_0012680807.jpg ; http://www.baticom.cz/upl_galery_files/2011/15/20110910165057_e8a0d0dca39b5d7871965da59c7ef053.jpg ;

http://www.prague-touring.cz/images/tours/praha-nove-mesto/tancici-dum-detail1.jpg ; http://famous.totalarch.com/files/gehry/gehry_001.jpg ; http://img.radio.cz/pictures/osobnosti/milunic_vlado.jpg
431

27.8 The "Tokyo Big Sight" / the Tokyo International Exhibition Center, Tokyo, Japan, 1996
(Arch. "AXS Satow")
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/20030727_27_July_2003_Tokyo_International_Exhibition_Center_Big_Sight_Odaiba_Tokyo_Japan.jpg ;
https://media.timeout.com/images/102543174/617/347/image.jpg ; https://anupamguha.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/photos-17.jpg
432

27.9 Twin office buildings “Puerta de Europa (Torres KIO)”, Madrid, Spain, 1996
(Arch. Philip Johnson, John Burgee)
Source: http://www.alertadigital.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/kio.jpg ; http://estaticos.elmundo.es/elmundo/imagenes/2011/12/26/suvivienda/1324893271_0.jpg ; http://hotscore.org/wp-

content/uploads/2015/08/Caja-Madrid-Bankia.jpg ; http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7184/6976195994_0bc9c6ecd6.jpg ; http://cache3.asset-cache.net/gc/50682577-architects-philip-c-johnson-and-john-burgee-
gettyimages.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=OCUJ5gVf7YdJQI2Xhkc2QJHLaHCLiXC34GoPDKdDjxUuWtPrLb3tzjAKHS61N3PEpEYx9cXEtqLbTGMRPOA1SUyGP0TU3SpwTrc7pFRxWdY%3D
433

27.10 The Longaberger Company headquarter / «Basket Building», Newark, Ohio, USA,
1997 (Arch. “The Longaberger Company”, NBBJ)
Source: http://www.architravel.com/architravel_wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/basket_building_1.jpg ; http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PVmREfv8sDo/UGaLPJ4z36I/AAAAAAAAAgI/rRh31sJRLMQ/s1600/i3.jpg ;

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_oUjmZeacI3I/SdjmHnxNtkI/AAAAAAAABC8/P6HE8-dm23s/s400/basket2.JPG
434

27.11 The Wozoco Apartments, Amsterdam-Osdorp, Holland, 1997

(Arch. Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs, Nathalie de Vries – "MVRDV")
Source: https://eliinbar.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/wozoco-mvrdv-amsterdam-holland.jpg ; http://en.wikiarquitectura.com/images/3/33/Planta_5%C2%BA.jpg ;

http://st.hzcdn.com/fimgs/1ad11f91022602ab_2768-w618-h411-b0-p0--contemporary-exterior.jpg ; http://7.share.photo.xuite.net/clot1117/173412c/17152431/929807485_m.jpg
435

27.12 The "Petronas Towers" / the "Petronas Twin Towers", Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1998
(Arch. Mahathir bin Mohamad, César Pelli)
Source: http://p1.pichost.me/i/23/1459028.jpg ; http://www.tropicalisland.de/KUL%20Petronas%20Twin%20Towers%20top_b.jpg ; https://lookatwhatwebuilt.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/floorplan.jpg ;

http://ic.pics.livejournal.com/azizaholga/49144869/74743/74743_original.jpg ;
http://www.bilbaoturismo.net/servlet/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&blobkey=id&blobnocache=false&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobwhere=1369142035279&ssbinary=true
436

27.13 The Burj al-Arab hotel, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 1999
(Arch. Tom Wright – "WKK", Atkins Middle East)
Source: https://betterarchitecture.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/burj-al-arab-hotel.jpg ; https://i.ytimg.com/vi/wr3Iq3dR3Vk/maxresdefault.jpg ; http://www.movimet.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/26-Burj-

al-Arab-Dubai-esquema.jpg; http://www.bestourism.com/img/items/big/7891/The-Burj-al-Arab-Hotel-Dubai_Best-futuristic-hotel_14589.jpg ; http://artdic.ru/pict2/wright_t_p.jpg
437

27.14 The Louise Weiss building, European Parliament Building, Strasbourg, France, 1999
(Arch. Martin Robain, Rodo Tisnado, Jean-François Bonne, Alain Bretagnolle, René-Henri
Arnaud, Laurent-Marc Fischer, Marc Lehmann, Roueïda Ayache, Gaspard Joly, Marie
Caroline Piot, Mariano Efron, Amar Sabeh el Leil – "Architecture Studio")
Source: http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01409/european-parliamen_1409736c.jpg ; http://images2.mygola.com/phot-france-strasbourg-europ-parliam-louise-weiss-house-081119-

3660_4373598_m.jpg ; http://www.architecture-studio.fr/en/practice/team/partners
438

27.15 Wooden Model of Borromini’s Church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome,
Rivetta Tell, lakeshore Lugano, Switzerland, 1999 - demolition on 2003
(Arch. Mario Botta, “Accademia di architettura / Mendrisio”)
Source: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/88/fc/ad/88fcade76f86972cab179aab273195fb.jpg ; http://www.botta.ch/Page/Architettura/Sa%201999_376_SanCarlino/Mimg_03.jpg ;

http://gallery.photo.net/photo/172661-md.jpg ; http://www.projectclassica.ru/images/02_03_2002/02_estn_01_01.jpg ; https://s-media-cache-
ak0.pinimg.com/736x/fd/81/f9/fd81f94e61c7ddaf8418b2ce5a670bd3.jpg ; http://i.schweiztour.ru/u/fa/f50b12962711e295935e68826c674f/-/Botta.jpg
439

The 28th Lecture:
THE WORLD’s
ARCHITECTURE
OF 2000’s

Almaty, 2023
28.1 The Residential building complex «Waldspirale», Darmstadt, Germany, 2000

(Arch. Friedensreich Regentag Dunkelbunt Hundertwasser, Heinz M.Springmann)
Source: http://turtella.ru/photos/723/l144607.jpg ; http://www.gavailer.ru/i/journal/20110114102423.jpg ; http://www.hundertwasserhaus-plochingen.de/huwa/Bilder/Seite1-3-Bild3-Hundertwasser.jpg
441

28.2 The Music museum «Experience Music Project and Science Fiction Museum and Hall of
Fame», Seattle, USA, 2000 (Arch. Frank Owen Gehry / Frank Owen Goldberg)
Source: http://arx.novosibdom.ru/story/NOV_ARX/Frank%20Gehry/31_gehry_02.jpg ; http://arx.novosibdom.ru/story/NOV_ARX/Frank%20Gehry/31_gehry_04.jpg ; https://s-media-cache-

ak0.pinimg.com/236x/8b/d7/7e/8bd77ecf78f1eb27639592e90614ee87.jpg ; http://iloboyou.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/PM1002074_00282-e1336381008234.jpg
442

28.3 The Islander multifunctional complex «Palm Jumeirah», Dubai, United Arab Emirates,
2001 ( Arch. “Helman Hurley Charvat Peacock / Architects”)
Source: http://static.thousandwonders.net/Palm.Jumeirah.original.286.jpg ; http://r-ec.bstatic.com/images/hotel/840x460/476/47693822.jpg ;

http://images.alphaholidaylettings.com/12698_Apartment_for_rent_The_Palm_Jumeirah_20101027120142.jpg ; http://cdn-
wac.emirates247.com/polopoly_fs/1.418779.1316083337!/image/1868005189.jpg ; https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/thenational/IPAGUKX6MQRGWLCW7LC4IZG37E.jpg
443

28.4 The “Tianzi Hotel” (or The Son of Heaven Hotel, or The Emperor Hotel), Langfang, Hebei,
China, 2001
Source: http://udivitelno.com/images/7/kitajskij-imperatorskij-otel/1-
%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D
0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%20%D0%B2%20%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5.jpg ; http://udivitelno.com/images/7/kitajskij-imperatorskij-otel/3-
0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%20%D0%B2%20%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5.jpg ; http://udivitelno.com/images/7/kitajskij-imperatorskij-otel/7-
0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%20%D0%B2%20%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5.jpg
444

28.5 The Kunsthaus, Graz, Austria, 2003

(Arch. Peter Cook, Colin Fournier)
Source: http://static2.bergfex.com/images/downsized/14/8249a5f5ccc0d014_492b5fd1757f8241.jpg ; http://www.leonardfrank.com/Worldheritage/Graz09.jpg ; http://urbanismo.ru/wp-

content/uploads/2008/11/graz_art_museum4.jpg ; https://img.realty.mail.ru/news/original/2c/4d/7530547726e802c4d.jpg ;
http://s3.transloadit.com.s3.amazonaws.com/4b30ae61b7c84e42b6be045272ec3211/fa/dd4f42fa529feb78b3a48efbd18ba2/fou33.jpg
445

28.6 The «30 St Mary Axe» Office building / «The Gherkin», London, United Kingdom, 2004
(Arch. Norman Robert Foster, Ken Shuttleworth – “Foster + Partners”)
Source: https://arc239parametricism.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/gggggggggg.jpg; http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I0000Gx_bdrqF7g0/s/600/480/AG02369.jpg ;

http://static.urbarama.com/photos/medium/713.jpg; http://www.arhinovosti.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/1-Norman-Fost.jpg; http://i.archi.ru/i/650/3330.jpg
446

28.7 The Ontario College of Art and Design, Toronto, Canada, 2004
(Arch. Will Alsop)
Source: http://vasi.net/uploads/podbor/Arhitekturnye%20strannosti/4.jpg ; http://blog.boundless.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/sharp.jpeg; http://www.arch.mcgill.ca/prof/sijpkes/alsop/alsop-

section.bmp ; http://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2015/10/Will-Alsop-portrait_dezeen_01.jpg
447

28.8 The «Allianz Arena» Football stadium, Munich, Germany, 2005

(Arch. Jacques Herzog, Pierre de Meuron – “Herzog & de Meuron Architekten”)
Source: http://football-ua.at.ua/Allianz_Arena/allianz_arena_1.jpg ; http://www.detail-online.com/inspiration/sites/inspiration_detail_de/uploads/imagesResized/projects/780_782-9266-downloadansichten-

Allianz_Arena_Muenchen_3.jpg ; http://ru3.anyfad.com/items/t1@7bdee67d-69e7-4a4b-9e66-d59057e13fe6/5-Alyans-Arena-Myunhen-Bavariya-Myunhen1860.jpg ; http://i.archi.ru/i/650/18519.jpg
448

28.9 Edificio Mirador, Madrid, Spain, 2005

(Arch. Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs, Nathalie de Vries and Blanca Lleó – MVRDV)
Source: https://c2.staticflickr.com/4/3143/2862766544_076ac842da_b.jpg ; http://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/madrid/mirador_sanchinarro_m040112_r5.jpg ;
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/226/489676797_9ea724dae3.jpg ; http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2011/12/09/article-2072308-0F1F2C9400000578-160_634x566.jpg ;
http://fotos00.laopinioncoruna.es/fotos/noticias/318x200/2009-07-16_IMG_2009-07-09_00.16.50__1445200.jpg

449

28.10 The IAC Building / Inter Active Corp's headquarters, Chelsea, Manhattan, New York
City, USA, 2007 (Arch. Frank Owen Gehry – “Richard Meier & Partners Architects”)
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Edificio_IAC_InterActiveCorp.JPG/1024px-Edificio_IAC_InterActiveCorp.JPG ; http://chuck-

choi.s3.amazonaws.com/2013/01/28/14/59/15/768/iac10.jpg ; http://chuck-choi.s3.amazonaws.com/2013/01/28/14/59/11/502/iac8.jpg ;
http://www.turnerconstruction.com/Files/ProjectImage?url=%2Fsites%2Fmarketingstories%2FMarketing%20Story%20Images%2Foriginal.e4025830-cd5b-4b98-85a1-
5a0a9fe50b11.jpg&width=707&height=470&crop=True&jpegQuality=95 ; https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR0FZ5TyX-Q-eu1doU5nQtjv6QS2MW8uLdVcNBx75s5nBtAU13a

450

28.11 The «Grand Lisboa» hotel, Macau, China, 2008

(Arch. Dennis Lau, Ng Chun Man – “Dennis Lau & Ng Chun Man Architects & Engineers”)
Source: http://www.build2last.ru/images_page/1451/samyy-populyarnyy-otel-kazino-grand-lisboa-v-makao-design.jpg ; http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/44583666.jpg ;

http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/44729679.jpg ; http://www.cpjobs.com/hk/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/photos/content/PropertyConstruction20Mar2010p1a.jpg?itok=a9w4wFp1
451

28.12 The Bahrain World Trade Center (BWTC), Manama, Bahrain, 2008
(Arch. “WS Atkins PLC”)
Source: http://pbs.twimg.com/media/B3Ijd7tCMAIZumS.jpg ; http://40.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lygubmxsfh1ro7emso1_500.jpg ; https://danasystemswag.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/bwtc1lg.jpg
452

28.13 The CCTV Headquarters «Central Chinese Television Tower», Beijing, China, 2008
(Arch. Remment Lucas "Rem" Koolhaas, David Gianotten, Ole Scheeren, Shohei
Shigematsu, Ellen van Loon, Victor van der Chijs – Office for Metropolitan Architecture,
East China Architectural Design & Research Institute)
Source: http://www.arup.com/~/media/Images/Projects/C/CCTV/Gallery/Images/CCTV_918X612_LightboxA_Frank_P_Palmer.ashx?mh=800&mw=1000 ;
http://ic.pics.livejournal.com/archkirs/49860500/46063/original.jpg ; http://www.arhinovosti.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/oma-rem-koolhaas-1-500x666.jpg ; http://i.archi.ru/i/650/63888.jpg
453

28.14 The CRYSTALS Retail and Entertainment Center, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2009
(Arch. “Studio Daniel Libeskind”, “Adamson Associates Architects”)
Source: : https://www.yatzer.com/sites/default/files/article_images/2291/CRYSTALS-by-Daniel-Libeskind-for-MGM-MIRAGE-City-Center-yatzer-1.jpg ; https://www.schuff.com/wp-

content/uploads/2017/03/CityCenter-Project.jpg ;
https://img.truvvle.com/?src=aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWcudHJhdmVsZmVlZC5pby9sYW5uYWJlaWtlciUyRjIwMjEtMDctMDktMTktMDctMDc1LXNjYWxlXzEyMDAtMi1qcGc&width=1920 ;
https://libeskind.com/wp-content/uploads/louis-vuitton-las-vegas-city-center.jpg ; https://dmn-dallas-news-
prod.cdn.arcpublishing.com/resizer/fNOX5rXcljeJB3GVEOTe21H7Ylg=/1660x934/smart/filters:no_upscale()/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-
dmn.s3.amazonaws.com/public/GW54JDG5N4CELLXMH2VWBJ7VNI.jpg ; https://www.yatzer.com/sites/default/files/article_images/2291/CRYSTALS-by-Daniel-Libeskind-for-MGM-MIRAGE-City-Center-
yatzer-4.jpg
454

28.15 The Himin Solar’s headquarters – «Sun-Moon Mansion», Dezhou, China, 2009
(Arch. Conception by Huang Ming – “Himin Solar”)
Source: http://himinsolarpv.com/about/2_1_1b.jpg ; http://ecofriend.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/worlds-largest-solar-building_3_trrsQ_69.jpg ;

https://greenlandoceanblue.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/2009314115028157.jpg?w=490&h=326 ; http://www.rightlivelihood.org/typo3temp/pics/aa8ee2ebef.jpg
455

The 29th Lecture:
THE WORLD’s
ARCHITECTURE
OF 2010’s

Almaty, 2023
29.1 The Samitaur Tower, Culver City, California, USA, 2010

(Arch. Eric Owen Moss – “Eric Owen Moss Architects”)
Source: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/02/88/f1/0288f18579f9649eca8586a7b29b7aa9.jpg ; http://ericowenmoss.com/wp-content/uploads/HOM_ART.jpg ;

http://www.arquitecturaenacero.org/sites/default/files/planos/pl3_4.jpg ; http://cs620326.vk.me/v620326267/18ba1/HgUiuNweJoI.jpg
457

29.2 The United Kingdom’s pavilion, World EXPO-2010 – «Seed Cathedral», Shanghai, China,
2010 (Arch. Thomas Alexander Heatherwick)
Source: https://timgarratt.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/p1000296.jpg ; http://www.fubiz.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/shanghai-world-expo-2010-uk-pavilion-by-heatherwick-studio-12-600x902.jpg ;

http://cdn.archinect.net/images/650x/lv/lv86hp7l4yegbdj0.jpg ; http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/55e6/0e8e/f034/d283/ad00/000b/slideshow/791_section-1-copy.jpg?1441140341 ;
http://www.thetrendboutique.co.uk/files/images/1.%20Trends/Architecture/UK%20Pavilion%20in%20Shanghai%20Expo/British%20Pavilion%20Seeds-HR_jpg-web.jpg
458

29.3 The Multifunctional complex «Burj Khalifa», Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 2010
(Arch. Adrian D.Smith, William Frazier Baker, Jay Marshall Strabala, George J.Efstathiou –
“Skidmore, Owings & Merrill”)
Source: http://www.archfacade.ru/uploads/2011/01/0017.jpg ;http://hogen-mogen.ru/upload/information_system_21/6/2/7/item_627/information_items_627.jpg;

http://en.wikiarquitectura.com/images/2/27/Burj_Dubai_Planos.jpg ; http://smithgill.com/media/images/bio/343/smith_for_web.jpg ; http://engineering.missouri.edu/wp-content/uploads/Baker_sm.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Color_Portrait_Marshall_Strabala.jpg ; http://www.constructionweekonline.com/pictures/George%20SOM%20Arch%202012.jpg
459

29.4 The Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2010
(Arch. Frank Owen Gehry / Ephraim Owen Goldberg, “Gehry Partners”)
Source: https://buildipedia.com/media/k2/items/cache/6da0ffe64efea8adc3d091fff742ea31_XL.jpg ;
https://web.archive.org/web/20161021043016if_/http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/60804139.jpg ; https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2010/06/dzn_Lou-Ruvo-Center-for-Brain-Health-by-Frank-Gehry-
4.jpg ; https://wikiarquitectura.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Centro_Ruvo_sec-500x354.jpg ;
https://buildipedia.com/images/masterformat/Channels/In_Studio/2011.08.22_clinic_lou_ruvo_center_for_brain_health_by_frank_gehry/drawings_credit_gehry_partners_llp/ruvo_plan_03.jpg ;
https://media.wbur.org/wp/2011/09/0922_gehry_crop.jpg
460

29.5 The Multifunctional complex «The Shard», London, UK, 2012

(Arch. Renzo Piano, “Adamson Associates Architects”)
Source: http://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2014/05/12/12/The-Shard.jpg ; http://www.shardldn.com/wp-content/uploads/The_Shard22-1.jpg ;

http://www.vosizneias.com/assets/uploads/news_photos/thumbnails/800_7t9hswpu4vcu2odpnuxjnmaeu59ikquc.jpg ; https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTXq7i4W-
9Jr_YZZRKeBzI_d7F5tu1B0qA2HN1DXC1FC6OwDxLB
461

29.6 The Hotel Complex «Abraj Al Bait», Mecca, Saudi Arabia, 2012
(Arch. Mahmoud Bodo Rasch – "SL-Rasch GmbH Special and Lightweight Structures"and
“Dar Al Handasah Architects”)
Source: http://selfway.org/uploads/posts/2013-11/1384110754_abraj_al_bait.jpg ; http://ru3.anyfad.com/items/t1@5b38dc98-8431-47e4-9b11-794f8ae523ac/Bashni-kompleksa-Abradzh-alBeyt-Abradzh-

alBait.jpg ; http://podumaiosebe.ru/images/stories/News/bildings/mecca_2.jpg ; http://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/media.facebook.848c907b-78d1-4866-a4f0-b152b9c436e6.normalized.jpg
462

29.7 The Heydar Aliyev Center, Baku, Azerbaijan, 2012

(Arch. Zaha Mohammad Hadid – “Zaha Hadid Architects”)
Source: http://ic.pics.livejournal.com/denimih/19851081/588064/588064_original.jpg ; http://www.novate.ru/files/u32501/Heydar-Aliyev-Center-by-Zaha-Hadid-3.jpg ; http://ru5. com

anyfad./items/t1@d10b01d9-4349-4a4e-8467-01c8efa28189/Centr-Geydara-Alieva.jpg ; http://tannarh.narod.ru/pics/zah/zaha_hadid_.jpg
463

29.8 The office building «Guangzhou Circle», Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 2013
(Arch. Joseph di Pasquale)
Source: http://assets.inhabitat.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2014/01/Guanghzou-Circle-Skyscraper-A.M.-Progetti-1.jpg ; http://www.designboom.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/AM-project-

guangzhou-circle-mansion-completion-ceremony-designboom02.jpg ; http://www.descroll.com/wp-content/uploads/GCL-01-475x344.jpg ; https://tnp-
production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/image_avatar/000/012/585/image/medium_18aba5d0ba.jpg
464

29.9 The Markthal, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2014

(Arch. Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs, Nathalie de Vries – “MVRDV”)
Source: http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5431/b184/c07a/8054/8f00/05c5/slideshow/055436300.jpg?1412542817 ;
http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5431/b1a7/c07a/8054/8f00/05c7/slideshow/02_-%C2%AEProvast__MVRDV__foto_Daria_Scagliola_Stijn_Brakkee.jpg?1412542876 ;
http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5431/b184/c07a/80c9/ea00/0529/slideshow/-%C2%AEProvast__MVRDV__foto_Daria_Scagliola_Stijn_Brakkee__24.jpg?1412542831 ;
http://imgs.abduzeedo.com/files/archi/archi-day-mvrdv/mvrdv.jpg
465

29.10 The Office building – «One World Trade Center» («Freedom Tower»), New-York, USA,
2014 (Arch. David Magie Childs, Daniel Libeskind – “Skidmore, Owings & Merrill”)
Source: http://cdn.cstatic.net/images/gridfs/541094e9f92ea1452600fc9d/1wtc-wtcprogress.jpg ; http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/attachement/jpg/site1/20141104/f8bc1269fd8315c28ba223.jpg ;

https://thenypost.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/wtcspire1.jpg ; http://f.tqn.com/y/architecture/1/L/d/5/1/childs.jpg ; https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2615/3972484613_bbf3b94ea5.jpg
466

29.11 The “432 Park Avenue” Residences, New York City, USA, 2015
(Arch. Rafael Viñoly Beceiro, “SLCE Architects”)
Source: https://static01.nyt.com/images/2016/06/19/realestate/19TICKET/19TICKET-blog427.jpg ; http://newyorkyimby.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/432-Park-Avenue-Looking-South-DBOX.jpg ;
http://i.imgur.com/7vlkI.jpg ; http://www.worldfloorplans.com/plans/USA-New-York-432-Park-Avenue-91-96PH.jpg ; https://si.wsj.net/public/resources/images/RV-
AP280_WOLFE__12S_20150102091233.jpg

467

29.12 The Euronews Headquarters, Lyon, France, 2015

(Arch. Dominque Jakob, Brendan MacFarlane – “Jakob+MacFarlane Architects”)
Source: http://www.sapagroup.com/upload/SBSGroup/projects/Euronews/Euronews_FS_02.jpg ; http://uprapide.com/images/invite/20140927-111317.jpg ; http://www.e-

architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/architects/jakob_macfarlane_j260711_jb.jpg
468

29.13 The World Trade Center Transportation Hub, Manhattan, New York City, USA, 2016
(Arch. Santiago Calatrava Valls)
Source: http://www.supplychain247.com/images/article/the_new_world_trade_center_transportation_hub_wide_image.jpg ; http://www.architecturalrecord.com/ext/resources/Issues/2016/April/Santiago-

Calatrava_World-Trade-Center-Tranportation-Hub_New-York_01.jpg ; http://estaticos03.elmundo.es/elmundo/imagenes/2009/05/16/1242447045_extras_ladillos_1_0.jpg
469

29.14 The American Copper Buildings / 626 First Avenue, New York City, USA, 2017
(Arch. Christopher Sharples, Coren Sharples, Gregg Pasquarelli, Kimberly Holden, William
Sharples – “SHoP Architects”)
Source: http://www.metropolismag.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/20170719_Metropolis_Copper_106.jpg ; https://www.designboom.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/american-copper-building-

designboom-1800.jpg ; https://www.designboom.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/american-copper-building-designboom-1.jpg ; http://www.metropolismag.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/09/20170719_Metropolis_Copper_005.jpg ; http://archive.cooperhewitt.org/national-design-awards/2009/www.nationaldesignawards.org/2009/images/188.jpg
470

29.15 The Dubai Frame, Dubai, UAE, 2018

(Arch. Fernando Donis, “Hyder Consulting”, “Arcadis”)
Source: https://cdn-imgix.headout.com/mircobrands-content/image/9a217190bc73bc598973b8570cb8309d-Dubai%20Frame%205.jpg ; https://dubai-attraction.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/dubai-

attraction-the-frame-bottom.jpg ; https://ak-d.tripcdn.com/images/1i60942348jfi2tw2DACC.jpg?proc=source/trip ; https://www.dubaiconfidential.ae/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/01/dubai-frame-
experience_1_orig.png ; https://cdn.rt.emap.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2010/07/15004236/Fernando_Donis_Web.jpg
471

The 30th Lecture:
THE WORLD’s
ARCHITECTURE
OF 2020’s
(the beginning)

Almaty, 2023

30.1 The Circa resort, Las Vegas, NV, USA

(Arch. “Steelman Partners”, 2020)
Source: https://i0.wp.com/lvsportsbiz.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/50522554511_507fcf3237_k.jpg?fit=2048%2C1470&ssl=1 ; https://www.mccarthy.com/sites/default/files/Circa.jpg ;

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Circa_hotel_tower_from_Stadium_Swim20220329_162715.jpg/800px-Circa_hotel_tower_from_Stadium_Swim20220329_162715.jpg ;
https://imagenesyogonet.b-cdn.net/data/imagenes/2021/04/11/35947/md_1625369522-circa-resort-casino-las-vegas.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Circa_Resort_%26_Casino.jpg/1024px-Circa_Resort_%26_Casino.jpg ; https://www.reviewjournal.com/wp-
content/uploads/2020/10/14367555_web1_CIRCA_BY_THE_NUMBERS_001.jpg
473

30.2 The “Terra” – Sustainability pavilion, World EXPO-2020, Dubai, UAE, 2021
(Arch. Andrew David Whalley – “Grimshaw Architects”)
Source: https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2021/10/sustainability-pavilion-grimshaw-dubai-expo_dezeen_2364_col_0-852x1136.jpg ; https://image.khaleejtimes.com/?uuid=c26fcffc-7bcf-5dc7-9847-

0bbc9dcbf230&function=cropresize&type=preview&source=false&q=75&crop_w=0.99999&crop_h=0.99111&x=0&y=0&width=1200&height=675 ;
https://www.timeoutdubai.com/cloud/timeoutdubai/2021/11/09/Expo-2020-Dubai-Terra-%E2%80%93-The-Sustainability-4.jpg ;
https://www.neumannmueller.com/fileadmin/_processed_/0/4/csm_EXPO_2021_Sustainability_Pavilion_f7159578e8.jpg ; https://www.floornature.com/media/photos/1/13650/05_grimshaw-arch_dubai-expo-
2020_sustainability-pavilion_full.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Andrew_Whalley_Photo.jpg
474

30.3 The “Alif – the Mobility Pavilion”, World EXPO-2020, Dubai, UAE, 2021
(Arch. Gerard Evenden, Norman R.Foster – “Foster + Partners”)
Source: https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2021/10/foster-partners-mobility-pavilion-dubai-expo_dezeen_2364_hero_13-852x479.jpg ; https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2021/10/foster-partners-mobility-

pavilion-dubai-expo_dezeen_2364_col_9-852x568.jpg ; https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2021/10/foster-partners-mobility-pavilion-dubai-expo_dezeen_2364_col_2-852x568.jpg ;
https://imagevars.gulfnews.com/2021/09/28/Alif---mobility-pavilion_17c2cbd3fb9_large.jpg ; https://identity.ae/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/id50-Gerard-Evenden.jpg ;
https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2021/10/foster-partners-mobility-pavilion-dubai-expo_plans_dezeen_2364_col_5.jpg ; https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2021/10/foster-partners-mobility-pavilion-dubai-
expo_plans_dezeen_2364_col_3.jpg
475

30.4 The pavilion of the United Arab Emirates, World EXPO-2020, Dubai, UAE, 2021
(Arch. Santiago Calatrava Valls)
Source: https://architectural-photographer.eu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/FDV4768.jpg ; https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2021/09/uae-pavilion-dubai-expo-santiago-calatrava_dezeen_2364_col_12-

852x568.jpg ; https://image.khaleejtimes.com/?uuid=b582d084-5345-562f-a5fc-
8f78392c7481&function=cropresize&type=preview&source=false&q=75&crop_w=0.99999&crop_h=0.8427&width=1200&height=675&x=1.0E-5&y=0.07865 ;
https://worldarchitecture.org/cdnimgfiles/extuploadc/aerialviewoftheuaepavilion_originali.jpg ; https://image.khaleejtimes.com/?uuid=07850b31-2ae7-5a78-a022-
9112f2f362a0&function=cropresize&type=preview&source=false&q=75&crop_w=0.99999&crop_h=0.82267&width=1200&height=675&x=1.0E-5&y=0.08958 ;
https://www.tekla.com/sites/default/files/media/snap_001_0_5.jpg ; https://www.reviewjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/web1_6180523-b9038425ad8f42a88b24ef1beb5e91a3_4.jpg
476

30.5 The pavilion of the Austria, World EXPO-2020, Dubai, UAE, 2021
(Arch. Clemens Russ – “Querkraft Architekten”)
Source: https://ars.electronica.art/solutions/files/2021/11/01_Building1000x500pxcSarah_Katharina_Photography.jpg ; https://www.querkraft.at/fileadmin/DOCS/projekte/EXPO/EXPO-07-drone-view-_c_-

EXPO-2020.jpg ; https://cdn.prod.www.spiegel.de/images/bdfc63da-1c33-492f-b927-64a22b4bda88_w1600_r1.499267935578331_fpx62.7_fpy50.jpg ;
https://www.querkraft.at/fileadmin/_processed_/f/7/csm_clemens_69d6e095a7.jpg ; https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTnKXfe6CrLwKpoiBgmLuz6panRwG5eSLOs9X-
m1HjSg3jubKDd8OFxVxw79f6Kyq_SvxE&usqp=CAU ; https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5b9f/c3b2/f197/ccd5/3e00/0215/slideshow/exp-v-ansicht-(c)querkraft.jpg?1537196968 ;
https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5b9f/c3f5/f197/cc55/4200/012c/slideshow/exp-v-schnitt-(c)querkraft.jpg?1537197037
477

30.6 The pavilion of the Russia – “the Planet Russia”, World EXPO-2020, Dubai, UAE, 2021
(Arch. Sergei E.Tchoban – “SPEECH”)
Source: https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/6168/b159/9a7a/bc0e/e1d2/703e/slideshow/dsc-0043.jpg?1634251115 ;
https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/6168/b159/9a7a/bc0e/e1d2/703f/slideshow/dsc-9324.jpg?1634251130 ;
https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/6168/b26d/9a7a/bc01/65db/379a/slideshow/ground-fllor-plan.jpg?1634251401
https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/6168/b25d/9a7a/bc01/65db/3795/slideshow/section-2-2.jpg?1634251370 ; https://avatars.mds.yandex.net/get-
zen_doc/1209300/pub_5b51a02dff632400aa861d7f_5b51a132e3f57400a882f75e/scale_1200
478

30.7 The pavilion of the United Kingdom, World EXPO-2020, Dubai, UAE, 2021 (Arch. Esmeralda
“Es” Devlin – “ES Devlin”, “Veretec”, “Dawson Consulting Architects & Engineering”)
Source: https://dynaimage.cdn.cnn.com/cnn/digital-images/org/e56d8e9b-17c9-44bd-907a-e846b2e2b038.jpg ; https://www.covetedition.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Es-Devlin-Will-Build-The-UKs-

Pavillion-at-Expo-Dubai-2020-5.jpg ; https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/6154/87c5/acae/0201/65ca/6632/slideshow/uk-pavilion-expo-2020-es-devlin-expo-2020-uk-pavilion-photo-alin-constantin-
photography-image-courtesy-of-es-devlin-1.jpg?1632929758 ; https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/6154/8806/acae/0201/65ca/6636/slideshow/uk-pavilion-expo-2020-es-devlin-expo-2020-uk-pavilion-
photo-alin-constantin-photography-image-courtesy-of-es-devlin-14.jpg?1632929865 ; https://i.archi.ru/i/752_501/370936.jpg ; https://images.zawya.com/pr/images/2022/FPR_2711_2022_01_07.jpg ;
https://static.propsearch.ae/dubai-locations/united-kingdom-expo-2020-pavilion_DD1DV.jpg ; https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2021/09/dubai-expo-uk-pavilion-es-devlin_plans_dezeen_2364_col_0.jpg ;
https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2021/09/dubai-expo-uk-pavilion-es-devlin_dezeen_2364_col_12.jpg
479

30.8 The pavilion of the Saudi Arabia, Dubai, UAE, 2021

(Arch. Boris Micka – “Boris Micka Associates”)
Source: https://www.borismicka.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/KSA02-1.jpg ; https://www.borismicka.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/KSA03-1.jpghttps://www.borismicka.com/wp-

content/uploads/2021/08/KSA03-1.jpg ; https://www.borismicka.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/KSA04.jpg ; https://www.borismicka.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/KSA06.jpg ;
https://www.arabnews.com/sites/default/files/styles/n_670_395/public/2020/11/30/2366921-168943465.jpg?itok=WS8Bu3Lx ; https://www.designboom.com/architecture/boris-micka-associates-saudi-arabia-
pavilion-expo-2020-dubai-11-19-2021/
480

30.9 The Lantern House, New York City, USA, 2021

(Arch. Thomas Alexander Heatherwick – “Heatherwick Studio”
Source: https://newyorkyimby.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/image00048-1-e1610571879427.jpeg ; https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/6143/3756/d611/5f01/6433/c46f/medium_jpg/2021-07-28-

colinmiller-lh-0005-0974-v4.jpg?1631795086 ; https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/6143/3747/d611/5f01/6433/c46d/medium_jpg/2021-07-28-colinmiller-lh-0002-0670-v3.jpg?1631795084 ;
https://www.compass.com/m/6a7ce6b2d824c383439202a1f5ed1a6747f645bf_img_12_8dc3a/origin.jpg ;
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/content/dam/art/2021/07/28/TELEMMGLPICT000011319709_trans_NvBQzQNjv4BqDiDrV97xgDFjc_F6AHtCzf4Xpit_DMGvdp2n7FDd82k.jpeg
481

30.10 The Ribbon House, Mohali, Punjab, India, 2022

(Arch. Badrinath Kakeru & Prerna Kaleru, "Studio Ardete")
Source: https://www.designboom.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/the-ribbon-house-india-studio-ardete-designboom-6-818x578.jpg ; https://www.designboom.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/the-ribbon-
house-india-studio-ardete-designboom-4-818x578.jpg ; https://studioardete.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/DEV2175-888x592.jpg ;
https://studioardete.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/img-4-400x433.jpg ; https://www.designboom.com/architecture/concrete-ribbon-studio-ardete-residence-india-07-14-
2023/?utm_source=designboom+weekly&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=concrete+ribbon+wraps+around+studio+ardete%27s+residence+in+india
482

30.11 The Museum of the Future, Dubai, UAE, 2022

(Arch. “Killa Design Architecture”)
Source: https://static01.nyt.com/images/2022/03/28/multimedia/28sp-crafts-dubai-inyt1/merlin_190148451_e9657fc3-a244-402b-adee-1ca164125e8d-superJumbo.jpg ;
https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2022/02/museum-of-the-future-killa-design-dubai_section-plans_dezeen_2364_col_0.jpg ;
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8c/Museum_of_the_future%2C_Dubai.jpeg

483

30.12 The “Lusail stadium”, Doha, Qatar, 2022

(Arch. “Foster + Partners”)
Source: https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2021/11/qatar-lusail-stadium-fifa-world-cup-by-foster-partners_dezeen_2364_col_0.jpg ; https://static.independent.co.uk/2022/06/06/16/QatarC.jpg?width=1200 ;

https://www.metalocus.es/sites/default/files/styles/mopis_news_carousel_item_desktop/public/metalocus_fosterpartners_lusail-stadium_08a.jpg?itok=2jJMOmHn
484

30.13 The “Atlantis The Royal hotel”, Dubai, UAE, 2023

(Arch. “IBI Group”, “Kohn Pedersen Fox Associated Architects”)
Source: https://cf.bstatic.com/xdata/images/hotel/max1024x768/435507282.jpg?k=ca16eb56f131c3f3992ea9ad13dded1de8160ad646a1d44e191e0ce7f188d204&o=&hp=1 ; https://atlantis-the-

royal.flagman.travel/upload/iblock/ea6/llazjmj7l8sai7l96qi909894zw4dcqm.jpg ; https://www.veditour.ru/upload/catalog/14271/05.jpg ;
https://luxhabitat.ae/resizedimages/1920w/development/1044/source/354337e4a03ac0a71024c6383dec09bb035750a5912511bbbb0f1c5912ebc280.jpg ; https://static.designboom.com/wp-
content/uploads/2022/11/kpf-architecture-atlantis-royal-dubai-palm-designboom-03.jpg

485

30.14 “The Space of Light”, Museum SAN, Gangwon Province, South Korea, 2023
(Arch. Tadao Ando)
Source: https://news.italy24.press/content/uploads/2023/08/08/43c855f781.jpg ; https://www.designboom.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/tadao-ando-space-of-light-pavilion-museum-san-south-korea-

designboom-2.jpg
486

30.15 The MSG Sphere, Las Vegas, NV, USA

(Arch. “Populous”, 2023)
Source: https://www.reviewjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/17644008_web1_msgspheremarch23.jpg?crop=1 ; https://image-renderer.sinclairstoryline.com/prod/image-
renderer/16x9/full/1015/center/80/351f78f7-2eb1-459a-8458-e6df690b573f-large16x9_Sequence_BRETTF1ROADREPAVING040223_0001_frame_22472.jpeg ; Photos by K.I.Samoilov, 2023;
https://www.billboard.com/wp-content/uploads/media/MSG-Sphere-at-The-Venetion-2019-billboard-1548.jpg ;
https://www.reviewjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17585292_web1_DRONE-SPHERE-MARXX-23-BRT01-.jpg?crop=1
487

Recommended educational and scientific-theoretical sources:

1. Всеобщая история архитектуры в 12 томах / Государственный комитет по гражданскому строительству и архитектуре
при Госстрое СССР, Научно-исследовательский институт теории, истории и перспективных проблем советской
архитектуры. - Ленинград; Москва: Издательство литературы по строительству, 1966-1977.
2. Всеобщая история архитектуры / Огюст Шуази; [пер. Н.С.Курдюкова, Е.Г.Денисовой]. - Москва: Эксмо, 2010.
3. Choisy А. Histoire de l'architecture. – Paris: Bibliotheque de l' Image, June 4, 1999.
4. Всеобщая история архитектуры. B 2-х томах / ред. Б.П.Михайлов. - Москва: Издательство по строительству,
архитектуре и строительным материалам, 1958 -1962.
5. Брунов Н.И. Очерки по истории архитектуры Т.1. – Москва: Центрполиграф, 2003.
6. Брунов Н.И. Очерки по истории архитектуры Т.2. – Москва: Центрполиграф, 2003.
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23. Глазычев В.Л. Эволюция творчества в архитектуре. - Москва: Стройиздат, 1986. - 496 с.
24. Хан-Магомедов С.О. Архитектура советского авангарда: В 2 книгах: Кн. 1: Проблемы формообразования. Мастера и
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Редактор С. Д. Комаров; Послесловие К. Т. Топуридзе. - Второе издание. - Москва: Издательство „Прогресс“, 1977.
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36. Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown and Steven Izenour. LEARNING FROM LAS VEGAS. – Cambridge, Mass. & London: The M.I.T.
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Хайт В.Л. (ред.). - Москва: Стройиздат, 1990.
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10/08/c_1310232645.htm
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490

Briefly about the Author
Konstantin I.SAMOILOV
High Doctorate (Arch) – 2008,
Doctor of Sciences (Arch) – 2004,
Candidate of Sciences (Arch) / eq. PhD(Arch) – 1990,
Dipl.Arch. / eq. MArch – 1983,
Dipl.Tech.Arch. / eq. BArch – 1977
Intl.Assoc.AIA
The Professor of the Architecture Department –
Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering named after
T.K.Basenov,
Satbayev University –
https://satbayev.university/en/institutes/architecture-
construction
The Chief Architect –
Building Corporation “Europolis” LLP –
www.europolis.kz
E: samconiv@yahoo.com , samconiv@mail.ru
491

THE GLOBAL ARCHITECTURAL PROCESS HISTORY: Albums of characteristic examples for
the Educational course / by Dr. Konstantin I.Samoilov. – Almaty, 2023. – 492 p.

The Global Architectural Process History

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THE GLOBAL

THE GLOBAL ARCHITECTURAL PROCESS HISTORY /

The 1st Lecture: EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC-THEORETICAL SOURCES ……………………………………… 8

The 2nd Lecture: THE PREHISTORIC ERA’s ARCHITECTURE ………………………………………………………….. 24

The 3rd Lecture: THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE …………………………………………………………... 40

The 5th Lecture: THE ANCIENT GREEK ARCHITECTURE ………………………………………………………………. 72

The 6th Lecture: THE ANCIENT ROMAN ARCHITECTURE ……………………………………………………………… 88

The 7th Lecture: THE MEDIEVAL EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURE ………………………………………………………. 104

Recommended educational and scientific-theoretical sources ………...…………………………………………….. 488

Briefly about the Author …………………………………………………………………………………………………... 491

- the Purpose of the Lecture;

The Author expresses his gratitude to Internet resources – https://www.google.com and

THE GLOBAL ARCHITECTURAL PROCESS HISTORY

1.1 Всеобщая история архитектуры в 12 томах / Государственный комитет по

Sources: http://books.totalarch.com/files/title/0090.jpg ; http://tehne.com/assets/i/upload/library/general-history-of-architechture-5.jpg ; http://tehne.com/assets/i/upload/library/general-history-of-

1.2 Всеобщая история архитектуры / Огюст Шуази; [пер. Н.С.Курдюкова, Е.Г.Денисовой]. -

Sources: https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/51WQB80HM8L._SX305_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg ; http://www.moscowbooks.ru/image/book2/337/big/i337646.jpg ;

Sources: https://res.cloudinary.com/bloomsbury-atlas/image/upload/w_360,c_scale/jackets/9781472589989.jpg ; https://www.stellabooks.com/storage/images/stock/2125/2125980.JPG n ;

1.4 Francis D. K. Ching, Mark Jarzombek, Vikramaditya Prakash “A GLOBAL HISTORY OF

Sources: https://www.nasisbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/A-GLOBAL-HISTORY-OF-ARCHITECTURE-2nd-Edition.jpg ; https://m.media-

Sources: https://www.stoutbooks.com/stout/images/items/88148.jpg ; http://mgodding.biz/101/101725.jpg ; https://pictures.abebooks.com/LELIVRE/12728048123.jpg

Sources: https://pictures.abebooks.com/isbn/9780195083781-us.jpg ; https://pictures.abebooks.com/isbn/9780821225998-us.jpg ; http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/kostof.jpg

Sources: https://yalebooks.co.uk/img/localjackets/l/9780300246063.jpg ; https://pictures.abebooks.com/inventory/md/md17293432705.jpg ; https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/71HsauQodML.jpg

Sources: http://static.ozone.ru/multimedia/1016498116.jpg ; http://static.ozone.ru/multimedia/1016111836.jpg ; http://ozon-st.cdn.ngenix.net/multimedia/1014307246.jpg

1.9 Градостроительство / члены-корреспонденты Академии архитектуры СССР А.В.Бунин,

Sources: https://books.totalarch.com/files/title/0839_0.jpg ; https://www.bookselect.ru/files/products/51232_2.jpg ;

Source: https://pp.vk.me/c7002/v7002448/1b34f/BSKB-AIu-v8.jpg; https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTN7gj4yKdP2Aomh3ItgxS5fJ3edKcp6MFPNlNqu5zOm-xuRHgi_A ;

1.11 Charles Jencks. The language of post-modern architecture. – Rizzoli, 1977.

Sources: https://books.totalarch.com/files/title/0641_0.jpg ; https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2019/10/charles-jencks-portrait-getty-images-close-up-sq-411x411.jpg

1.12 Хан-Магомедов С.О. Архитектура советского авангарда: в двух книгах: Проблемы

Sources: http://www.alyoshin.ru/Photo/khan_archi/1_000.jpg ; http://alyoshin.ru/Photo/khan_archi/2_0000.jpg ; http://engineer-history.ru/wp-

1.13 Иконников А.В. Зарубежная архитектура. От "новой архитектуры" до постмодернизма. –

Sources: http://lib26.ru/bimg/41/27441.JPG ; http://i.archi.ru/i/420/7663.jpg ; http://www.raasn.ru/images/akademiki/ikonnikov.jpg

1.14 Глазычев В.Л. Архитектура. Энциклопедия. - Москва: Дизайн. Информация.

Sources: http://cv02.twirpx.net/0016/0016271.jpg ; http://www.glazychev.ru/books/evolut_tvorchestva/images/evolut_tvorchestva.jpg ; http://www.glazychev.ru/_design/000.jpg

Sources: https://store.artlebedev.ru/products/images/19phnas1.jpg ; https://ic.pics.livejournal.com/everytecture/75615824/12459/12459_original.jpg ;

THE GLOBAL ARCHITECTURAL PROCESS HISTORY

Sources:http://sitekid.ru/media/zhil(1).jpg ; http://bondareff.ru/images/800/10052012_9.jpg ; http://bondareff.ru/images/800/10052012_11.jpg

2.4 The Guadalperal Dolmen, Peraleda de la Mata, Extremadura, Spain,

Sources: https://euagenda.eu/upload/social/63e5e78b4a4d4037b9d6a5012f67a824.jpg ; https://s1.abcstatics.com/media/MM/2021/04/16/s/dolmen-sevilla(15)_xoptimizadax.jpg ;

2.9 The El Pendón Dolmen,

Sources:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Stonehenge_1877.JPG ; http://traveldigg.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Stonehenge-Image.png ; http://www.essentially-

2.11 The Grey Cairns of Camster,

2.14 The Hirebenakal, Karnataka, India, 800-200 BC

Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Pre-historic_tombs-1.JPG/1024px-Pre-historic_tombs-1.JPG ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pre-

2.15 Types of most ancient houses: an Igloo, a dugout, an yaranga, a hut;

Sources:http://www.remontpozitif.ru/_pu/14/95865271.jpg ; http://b3.fr.is.pp.ru/a/av-hammond/1/24092431yrq.jpg ; http://www.remontpozitif.ru/_pu/14/71812329.jpg; https://pro-

THE GLOBAL ARCHITECTURAL PROCESS HISTORY

3.1 The Ancient Egypt: Geographical position and Time-Line

Sources: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/83/23/9a/83239a6637d007e8a67818b865e154c1.jpg; https://meynu.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/egypt_time-line2.gif

3.2 The Djoser’s Pyramid, Saqqara necropolis, Egypt, 27th century BC

Sources: http://1chudo.ru/images/materials/39pirheops/4.jpg ; http://content.foto.mail.ru/mail/kle.alex/_blogs/i-2998.jpg ; http://nomarh.narod.ru/pir_djosera.bmp ; http://www.ancient-

Sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Mastaba-faraoun-3.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Mastabashepseskaf.jpg ;

Sources: http://turizm.world/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/pyramid-meidum-egypt.jpg ; http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b3nj3mH2Hzc/VbJ9xgLoYCI/AAAAAAAAAU4/zdnZUoatp10/s1600/8.jpg ;

Sources: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8QLWd4gCJ8A/Ve_sLhBXxbI/AAAAAAAAAK4/4dpG-eAebA0/s1600/Giza.jpg; http://www.studyofoahspe.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/Diagram-Great-

Sources: http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/images/pyramid-senusertIII.jpg ; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sesostris3-plan-complexe.jpg/800px-Sesostris3-plan-

Sources: http://www.bellabs.ru/Egypt/Luxor/Egypt2011_12-0144_ThebesBalloon.jpg ; http://www.royanddarla.com/silverseas/images/417-Hatshepsut%20temple.jpg;

3.8 The Luxor Temple complex, Thebes, Egypt, ~ 1400 BC

Sources: http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/images/luxortemple5.jpg ; http://www.rideegypt.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/temple-of-luxor.jpg ; http://www.hightoursegypt.com/photos/egypt/pic/Luxor-

Sources: https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/images/archive/epi/khonsu_temple.jpg ; http://www.mummies2pyramids.info/pictures/images/karnak-temple-003.jpg ;

Sources: https://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/luxor-column-773x1024.jpg ; https://i.pinimg.com/736x/98/a0/5b/98a05bf22bd296440cc87bf7e16522bd.jpg ;

3.11 The Akhetaton town, Egypt, 1346 - 1332 BC

Sources: http://townevolution.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000021/pic/000017.jpg ; http://townevolution.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000021/pic/000016.jpg