MODERN ACADEMY

FOR ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Electronics and Communications Department

Fall Semester - Academic Year 2020/2021

Article Name : Assignment For Power LAB

Course Title: Power
Course Code: ELCN218

Student Name Mohamed Sherif Khamis Mohamed

Student ID 4190906
Student Level 2nd Level
Section No. 7
 MODERN ACADEMY
June 2020
For Engineering & Technology

1) What is the difference between AC and DC?

a) Alternating Current (AC):
is the standard electricity that comes out of power outlets and is defined as a
flow of charge that exhibits a periodic change in direction.

AC's current flow changes between positive and negative because of

electrons—electrical currents come from the flow of these electrons, which
can move in either a positive (upward) or negative (downward) direction.
This is known as the sinusoidal AC wave, and this wave is caused when
alternators at power plants create AC power.

Alternators create AC power by spinning a wire loop inside a magnetic field.

Waves of alternating current are made when the wire moves into areas of
different magnetic polarity—for example, the current changes direction
when the wire spins from one of the magnetic field's poles to the other. This
wave-like motion means that AC power can travel farther than DC power, a
huge advantage when it comes to delivering power to consumers via power
outlets.

b) Direct current (DC):

is a linear electrical current—it moves in a straight line.

Direct current can come from multiple sources, including batteries, solar
cells, fuel cells, and some modified alternators. DC power can also be "made"
from AC power by using a rectifier that converts AC to DC.

DC power is far more consistent in terms of voltage delivery, meaning that

most electronics rely on it and use DC power sources such as batteries.
Electronic devices can also convert AC power from outlets to DC power by
using a rectifier, often built into a device's power supply. A transformer will
also be used to raise or lower the voltage to a level appropriate for the device
in question.

Course Code: GENN 341a Course Title: Project Management Model G Page No.
 MODERN ACADEMY
June 2020
For Engineering & Technology

Not all electrical devices use DC power, though. Many devices, household
appliances, especially, such as lamps, washing machines, and refrigerators,
all use AC power, which is delivered directly from the power grid via power
outlets.

2) What is the difference between Single Phase and

Three Phase:
a) Single Phase:

In the entire electrical domain, 1 phase supply is the delivery of AC power by a

system in which there is a simultaneous change in all the supply voltages. This
type of power supply sharing is utilized when the loads (home appliances) are
generally heat and lightning included with huge electric motors.

When a 1 phase supply is connected to an AC motor, it doesn’t generate a

rotating magnetic field, instead, single phase motors require additional circuits
for the operation, but such electric motors are rare which have the power rating
of nearly 10 kW. In each of the cycles, a 1 phase system voltage achieves a
peak-value two times; the direct power is not stable.

A load with single-phase can be power-driven from a three-phase sharing

transformer in two techniques. One is with the connection between two phases
or with the connection between one phase and neutral. These two will give
dissimilar voltages from a given power supply. This type of phase supply
provides an output of nearly 230V. The applications of this supply are utilized
for running small home appliances such as air conditioners, fans, heater, and
many others.

Course Code: GENN 341a Course Title: Project Management Model G Page No.
 MODERN ACADEMY
June 2020
For Engineering & Technology

b) Three Phase Supply:

The three-phase power supply includes four wires which consist of one
neutral along with three conductor wires. The three conductors are away from
phase & space and they have a phase angle of 120º from each other. 3 phase
power supplies are utilized as a single-phase AC power supply.

For the operation of small load, 1-phase AC power supply, along with the
neutral, can be chosen from the 3-phase AC power supply system. This
supply is constant and will not be dropped to zero value. The power of this
system can be illustrated in two configurations namely star connection (or)
delta connection. The connection of star configuration is used in long-
distance communication as it includes a neutral cable to the error current.

3) What's the difference between underground

electricity cables and overhead electricity lines?

Course Code: GENN 341a Course Title: Project Management Model G Page No.
 MODERN ACADEMY
June 2020
For Engineering & Technology

4) What are the types of machine?

a) Stator: is the stationary part of a rotary system, found in electric generators,
electric motors, sirens, mud motors or biological rotors. Energy flows through
a stator to or from the rotating component of the system.
b) Rotor: is a moving component of an electromagnetic system in the electric
motor, electric generator, or alternator. Its rotation is due to the interaction
between the windings and magnetic fields which produces a torque around the
rotor's axis.
c) Commutator: is a rotary electrical switch in certain types of electric motors
and electrical generators that periodically reverses the current direction
between the rotor and the external circuit. It consists of a cylinder composed of
multiple metal contact segments on the rotating armature of the machine.
d) Carbon Brushes: is an electrical contact which conducts current between
stationary wires and moving parts, most commonly in a rotating shaft. Typical
applications include electric motors, alternators and electric generators. The
lifespan of a carbon brush depends on how much the motor is used, and how
much power is put through the motor.
5) What is the Transmission line?
is used for the transmission of electrical power from generating substation to
the various distribution units. It transmits the wave of voltage and current
from one end to another. The transmission line is made up of a conductor
having a uniform cross-section along the line. Air act as an insulating or
dielectric medium between the conductors.

Course Code: GENN 341a Course Title: Project Management Model G Page No.