paul skwarczek

Enjeux :
1) new artistics horizons :
-technologies that provides new way of making art :
- digital art
-virtual reality
accessibility and various ways of creation. In the continuation of the art we know, and
an evolution : new artistic style, new aesthetic, expression much more open to
diversity.
new art format questionable this days like video games, give new experiences,
transmit messages

2) impact on the culture : with the internet we have a lot of information that circulates
very fast, good or bad. Everybody connected to the internet can access anything. Art
could be shown like it had never been.
- The British museum has 0.4% of artwork on display from his collection. Digital
museums have a lot of good points. We can take the time to see the artworks
more clearly, and it isn’t necessarily less immersive because in a museum
there are a lot of people and sometimes you cannot see a painting because of
the crowd. The digital museums are more of a complementary experience
because making the effort to go see art and have it materially present in front
of us is an irreplaceable experience. Sometimes the digitalisation of art can
give us look on experiences we could never do.
The possibility of digital give us an opportunity to save the culture in a certain way.
- The caves of Dunhuang are a good example of it. Because they are very
fragile, the conservation of it is impossible if they open them to the public.
This is a big heritage of the chinese buddhist culture with the 492 caves, 45
thousand square meters of mural paintings and 2500 statues. Because of the
threat of tourism there is a mass digitalisation with 60 full time photographers.
It takes 3 months to digitize a single cave. The pure land project gives access
to this cultural heritage with augmented reality visits. Access to art socially,
financially, or culturally inaccessible.
Technology can help us understand certain paintings more clearly by infrared light, x rays,
for painting maintenance, and comprehension of an artist…
- For example, Scottish experts have managed to unearth a new self-portrait of
the painter Vincent Van Gogh in 2022 ,thanks to X-rays, on the back of a
canvas painted in 1885, Portrait of a Peasant Woman, kept in the Edinburgh
Museum and reviewed for a future exhibition on Impressionism.

Of course, this has a social impact too, our culture is in expansion accelerated by progress
and the internet. A point that makes a difference in this era of communication is the visibility
of art. Before the internet, the experts were the people who talked about the valorisation of
art, the critics of it. In addition to them, the visibility is made by the people themself, with
likes, reposts, tweets…This is the concept of social networks. It leads to a more democratic
art, put in the hands of the public. Furthermore, the barriers between artist and public are
less visible, because accessibility with art is democratized.
- To illustrate that we can look at DAWs (digital audio workstation) like FL studio,
GarageBand, which facilitates the creation of music, without knowing how to play an
instruments, with sample banks and a lot of tutoriel on the internet where you can
learn very fast and start producing music without a lot of expertise. And now we could
also think about having AI assisted tools which open the gates of the General public
because creativity is going to be less important than skills.

3) Art is also a question of money, and those days with the digitalisation of the money
art was not an expectation. I think you all heard about nft but i’m going to present it
very fast : nft is for non fongible token that means that this is a unique object you can
exchange but not remplace : you can replace an euro by another euro, a bitcoin for
another bitcoin but not a priori not a land. Nft are these types of token, dematerialized
and almost everything on the internet can be an nft (images, videos, virtual objects).

- The noun DAO is a generative system that creates a picture everyday and
sells them to auction, and the money is put in a pot and managed by the
owners of the nft, which amount to several billions dollars. creation of value
almost from nowhere with nothing, automatized.

- This is a way for artists to remunerate themself. Selling nft of immaterial art,
videos or virtual objects, is a way for artists to be independent financially.
There is no restriction of curator, gallery, or any institutions that put a filter on
what you can do. It develops creativity and independence. For example, the
artist Jan Hakon Erischen was dependent on galleries for doing his artistic
performances, and for selling it but no one would buy it because no one was
interested in these. Now he puts the videos he posts on the internet in
different platforms like Foundation, KnownOrigins (auction platforms, provides
traceability). Another advantage of nft is that the artist gets royalties anytimes
there is a transaction. The digital art is linked to cryptocurrency, and gets a
ultraspeculative aspect. We don’t know yet if this type of economic system will
be stable in the long term. But for now it leads to democratization of
independent artists, and digital art with a new market place.
- Another important point is the dependance of private companies. We have to
remember that data is stored in the servers of Google in the US. We know
how sensitive this subject is with taking private data and we have to be
careful because GAFAM are almost everywhere in our digital lives. There are
projects like the metaverse very well known on the internet that is linked to it.
This is a virtual world for work, entertainment, and consumption because our
properties here are nft. We can talk about the shape of the project, for what
kind of people, when, the accessibility of it and if this will work in the future,
but this is a serious project for the big society of the internet.

4) IA. I wanted to talk separately about ia because this has an impact on a lot of
aspects. I can explain to you the process of creating an image after if you want but i
want to take you directly to the point. Ai have a great power of generating images. It
develops very fast. A few years ago AI was very limited (this person doesn’t exist) but
now they are very accessible, and more and more powerful. We have complex
prompt and precise images. The next Rembrandt is an example of it, the competition
 won by MidJourney. We have to prepare ourselves because we can’t stop the
progress. Ai is maybe more powerful than human for replicating and doing beautiful
images but it also entered the world of design as a conceptor of ideas : Generative
design and the designer. Since 2018, Autodesk's design software, titled Netfabb, has
offered a generative design service. From now on, the designer's first creative step is
not to sketch an object, but to transfer all the characteristics and constraints of the
materials used for his project into the software. An Artificial Intelligence algorithm
then calculates the possible solutions and proposes the most viable ones. Maybe
one day Ai will be more than just a tool. Imagine the more fantasist function of an ia,
we’re not sure this could not be done. Artists fear to be replaced, but real creativity ,
expression of feelings and message forwarding is linked to humans. Maybe for
specific domains humans are going to be less present, but art exists for years and
years and I think the end of art is not going to be for tomorrow.

exposé anglais l’art dans l’ère du numérique

problématique : quelle influence le numérique a - t -il eu sur l’art au depuis ces dernières années ?

numérique permet art :

- plus besoin de musée
- accessible pour tout le monde
- par tout le monde
- grand public possible, forcément des gens qui s’intéresse
- art démocratique : pmr
- grande liberté sur les choses que l’on peut proposer : plus besoin de conservateur ou de galeristes
- nouveau formats : réalité virtuelle , nft : nouvelle manière de rémunérer les artistes à l’ère du tout
- nouvelles expériences : ia , mondes augmentés/virtuel
- collectivité de l’art où chacun peut participer à la réalisation d’œuvres d’art (ex

mais
- question de droit d’auteur : ia , duplicat
- la matérialité de l’œuvre
- la titularité (création par plusieurs personnes et/ou une machine co-créé l’œuvre

Acteurs du changement : nouvelles possibilités

1. nouvelles manière de visiter et d’appréhender la culture : visites virtuelle ) : redécouvrir la ville d’un regard neuf. De plus certain lieu socialement exclusif qui sont enfin
montrés. - pure land project avec les grottes de dunhang inaccessibles au public au cause de la fragilité de ces dernières, et l’écran utilisé pour le projet
pure land (?) qui rend capable de voir qui permet une socialisation autour d’une interface partagée, dimension intergénérationelle.

PLAN :
1. Qu’est ce que le numérique
Le numérique recouvre à la fois les sciences et technologies de l'information et de la communication (informatique, électronique, télécommunications). Le périmètre du
numérique est donc plus large que celui de l'informatique. Le numérique modifie les activités humaines et sociales. Aujourd’hui il y a une multitude de choses qui sont
déjà encrées dans notre culture avec le numérique. Nous sommes né.e.s avec des outils numériques qui révolutionne l’ère dans laquelle nous vivons ajd : l’ère
numérique.
Basculement vers numérique par le progrès : cinema, photos, accès plus libre, création plus libre (accessibilité)
2. nouvelles possibilités
amélioration des outils, création de nouvelles esthétiques : dessin numérique, 3d, musique
méthode d’expression inédite ou artiste lié avec les gens (r/place)
accessibilité renouvelée : blibliotheques quasi infinies : british museum exposé 0,4% des œuvres qu il possède, dome du palais du prince bidule, aéroport truc,
démocratique car plafond socialement inaccessible
Jeux vidéos : modèle seulement informatique art/expérience : réalité virtuelle. Plus qu’un outil, numérique = nouvel art
avec internet : tout le monde crée pour tout le monde. On y trouve son compte. Explosion des diversités artistiques. réseaux sociaux.
numérisation de l’art : nouveau système économique. Jeux vidéo fortnite : vente essentiellement cosmétique 1milliards de dollars
nft
révolution de l ia, méthode de création d’image surtout incroyable
3. enjeux
Culture individuelle
Qualité de l’art non plus que par les experts mais aussi par reconnaissance public (likes)
Duplicata d’œuvre, œuvres crées par plusieurs personnes, pb de droit d’auteur (mec qui fait plein de musique générée par algorithmes + droit d’auteur ) , ia qui se sert de
banques d’artistes soumis droit d’auteur ajd artistes doit se limite s il ne sers pas du numérique (réseaux)
participation à une ultraspéculation (nft) mais permet une rémunération d’artistes
dépendent des grosses entreprises qui stocke les datas

4. chamboulement par la révolution de l’ ia

outil ? début peut être, aide pour créateur dans design, art, musique. De plus en plus puissant et précis. Réelle valeur de l’art par ia. prend de plus en plus de place
L’ia est forte en reproduction, exemple de rembrandt mais pour l’instant pas d’ia aussi importante que rembrandt. Cependant l’ia devient connue, on en parle énormément
depuis quelques temps.