INPUT AND OUTPUT

Phu HUYNH
hdcphu@hotmail.com
Learning outcomes:
By the end of this topic, you should be able to:
1. Explain various input methods and devices;
2. Explain various output methods and devices; and
3. Identify different types of input and output devices.
INPUT METHODS
 DATA ENTRY
3 approaches:
• Offline: After data has been entered, it will be
changed into a suitable form and will be verified. Data
will be corrected if there are errors. All data that has
been confirmed as correct will be processed.
• Online: The data entered is directly examined and
corrected. After all the data has been entered,
processing will then be done on them.
• Interactive: The data is examined every time it is
entered and processing on the data is done
immediately.
 DATA ENTRY
3 approaches:
• Offline: After data has been entered, it will be
changed into a suitable form and will be verified. Data
will be corrected if there are errors. All data that has
been confirmed as correct will be processed.
• Online: The data entered is directly examined and
corrected. After all the data has been entered,
processing will then be done on them.
• Interactive: The data is examined every time it is
entered and processing on the data is done
immediately.
DATA ENTRY
• 2 Types of Input method:
• Keyboards: user read doc -> type keyboard -> data
• Direct Entry: machine-readable form: QR code, bar
code
• Both: Point of sale
KEYBOARD
KEYBOARD
TERMINAL
• Dumb terminal
(only I/O functions)
• Interlligent terminal
(I/O, processor, memory, storage)
• (Normal) Terminal
(I/O, processor, memory)
POINTING DEVICE

• Mouse
• Keyboard
• Touchpad
• Joystick
• Trackball
• Light Pen (CRT)
• Drawing tablet
• Stylus (Touch screen)
SCANNING DEVICE
Optical Recognition (optical reader)
uses light to scan images:
• Optical Mark Reader: reads pencil
marks
• Fax machine
• Barcode Reader
• Optical Character Reader (OCR)
• Optical Handwriting Reader
• Imaging System (scanner)
SCANNING DEVICE
• Magnetic Recognition: reads the
number (in strange form) that is
printed using magnetic ink. The
MICR is often used in cheques to
facilitate sorting
• Voice Recognition Device: It
converts human voice/speech
into digital codes.
• Smart and Optical Card.
OTHER INPUT DEVICES
• Audio Input
• Audio Board: changes analogue sound to digital
sound
• Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)
Board: It emits digital music
• Video Input (outdate by the appearance of
digital camera)
• Electronic/Digital Camera
• Sensor: collect data in specific forms directly
from the environment and send them to the
computer. Can be used to track data such as
speed, weight, temperature, image, shape,
light, air pollution ...
INPUT CONTROL
• Input control is a collection of • Group activity: How do we know
manual and computer control the data we have entered into
methods that have been the computer is correct? Discuss
designed to ensure all input data with your group and provide at
are accurate when they are
entered into the computer. least 3 menthods.
• There must be input control to
safeguard the integrity of data
and to prevent it from becoming
garbage in garbage out.
INPUT CONTROL
• Input control is a collection of
manual and computer control
methods that have been
designed to ensure all input data
are accurate when they are
entered into the computer.
• There must be input control to
safeguard the integrity of data
and to prevent it from becoming
garbage in garbage out.
Ex: input value must:
• follow a specific format
• be unique (ID, index, email...)
• has length limitation (min, max)
• be selected from a radiobox,
checkbox, selectionbox, ....
• not containt special character
• ...
 • Besides soft copies and hard copies,
OUTPUT METHODS decisions on output largely depend on a
number of factors such as:
• (a) Frequency of output required: Always,
• Soft copy vs Hard copy regular, upon request or unpredictable;
• (b) Cost involved;
• (c) How much output to be produced;
• (d) How fast the information is required; and
• (e) Situation of the users
OUTPUT DEVICES
• Monitor
• CRT
• LCD
OUTPUT DEVICES
• Printer
• 2D (dot matrix, inkjet,
laser...)
• 3D
OUTPUT DEVICES
• Voice output:
• Speech coding
• Speech synthesising
• Sound output:
• Frequency Modulation Synthesis
• Virtual Acoustic
OUTPUT DEVICES
Plotter:
• Pen Plotter
• Electrostatic Plotter
• Ink Jet Plotter
• Direct Imaging Plotter or Thermal
Plotter
The main difference between plotters
and format printers is file format.
Plotters rely on vector graphics, while
format printers output raster images,
also known as bitmaps or pixels.