Capacity Planning:

No of users= 15,000
No of calls per user= 10
Holding time= 5 mins
FR:HR= 80:20 %
No of BCCH=No of cell
No of SDCCH= per 2 TRX
No of PDCCH= No of TRX
4TRXs per cell

How many sites required??

Total erlong = 5*10/60 =.833333 (per user)

Total erlong = 15000 * .833333= 12500 erlong.
Total 80% would be in FR and 20% in HR so, total TCH Channel =10000(FR)+1250(HR)
                                                                                                                 = 11250 TCH Channel.

Every cell have 4 TRX that mean 32 channel.

32 channels consists of 1 BCCH, 2 SDCCH, 4 PDTCH and 25 TCH.

Total Number of Cell =11250/25

                                           =450  
Total Number of Site =450/3
                                           =150.

We need to establish 150 sites to solve the problem.

Some Important kits:

 E1 = 2048 Kbit/s
 4 TCH Time slot = 1 E1 time slot
 2 PDTCH = Occupied 1 E1 Time Slot
 2 SDCCH/8 = Occupied 1 E1 Time Slot
 T1 = 1544 Kbit/s
 TRX = 128 Kbit/s
 1 time Slot = 128/8 Kbit/s
 Timeslot = 16 Kbit/s
 E1 = 16 TRX can support theoretically but practically 12 TRX
 BSC can define 128 MA list
 Voice call = FR:9.6 Kbit/s, HR: 4.8 Kbit/s
 GPRS = 21.4 Kbit/s
 EDGE = 59.2 Kbit/s(MCS-9)
 MS maximum Transmit power = 39dBM(900 band), 30 dBM(1800 band)
 BTS maximum Transmit power =
 Traffic(CS & PS): Information carried by a communication channel is called Traffic.
 Definition of Erlang = Voice Traffic; Traffic(A) = (N*T)/3600 Erl where N= User and
 o One Channel used for 3600 sec in 1 hour ~ 100% utilization of a resource(TCH or PDTCH in
GSM)

 Hoping Scheme :
 (A) 1/1 = 1 MA list and reuse on every cells
 (B) 3/3 = 3 MA list; each site use same MA list, reuse after 3 sites
 (C) 1/3 = 3 MA list; 1 site use different MA list
 Benefits of Hopping:
 Reduce Interference
 Increase capacity
 Better quality
 Baseband Hoping: No need MAIO, MA List but required HSN; HOP 1 TRX to other TRX, No. of
hopping frequency depends upon the no. of TRX in cell; Equal no. of TRX and Frequency.
 RF Hopping: TRX changes ARFCN, HOP time slot to other time slot, No. of hopping frequency
does not depend upon no. of TRX; Frequency is greater than TRX No.
 MS Sensitivity : 900 band (-104dBM); 1800 band (-102dBM)
 Body Loss: 5dB(900 band); 3dB(1800 band)
 BTS Sensitivity: 900 band (-107 dBM); 1800 band(-106 dBM)
 UL: Coverage limited
 DL: Power Limited
 C/I (Co- Channel Interference): +9
 C/A(Adjacent Channel Interfernce): -9
 SQI: Speech quality Index
 C/I => +9dB (with frequency hopping)
 C/A=>+12dB(without frequency hopping)
 GSM 900 band: 124 Channel, 200 KHz BW, 45 MHz carriers Spacing
 Uplink: 890 MHz – 915 MHz
 Downlink: 935 MHz- 960 MHz
 EGSM 900 band: 50 Channel, 200 KHz BW, 45 MHz carriers Spacing
 Uplink: 880 MHz – 890 MHz
 Downlink: 925 MHz- 935 MHz
 DCS 1800 band:384 Channel (512-885), 200 KHz BW, 95 MHz carriers Spacing
 Uplink: 1710 MHz – 1785 MHz
 Downlink: 1805 MHz- 1880 MHz
 DTX: Discontinuous Transmission; No Transmission from mobile when subscriber is a not talking
 Benefits of DTX:
 Reduce overall system interference
 Allow tighter frequency reuse
 Long Battery life for MS
 GSM: Narrowband ; WCDMA: Wideband
 AMR : Adaptive multi-rate speech codec
 FR: 8rates: 12.2, 10.2, 7.95, 7.40, 6.70, 5.90, 5.15, 4.75
 HR: 6rates: 7.95, 7.40, 6.70, 5.90, 5.15, 4.75
 Benefits of AMR:
 Provide better speech quality
 Improving bearer capacity
 Interface:
  MSC -> BSC ->A->SS7
 BSC->BTS->ABIS->LAPD
 BTS->MS->UM->LAPDM
Modulation is a process that causes a shift in the range of frequencies in a signal
 
Why the Modulation?
1- Modulation for frequency multiplexing (Frequency division multiplexing "FDM”)
2- Modulation for Practical antenna
   * The length of antenna is inversely proportional to the frequency of the transmitted signal
3 - Modulation for narrow banding
   * The receiving antenna band is depend on the ratio between the minimum and maximum frequency
component in the signal, the ratio is decreased (narrow-banding) so it can receive all component easily
4 - Reduce Noise and Interference
5 - Effecting exchange of SNR and BW
   * Modulated Signal need small SNR -> require small power

dB(Decibel) Definition:
A ratio can be expressed in decibels by evaluating ten times the base-10 logarithm of the ratio of the
measured quantity to the reference level.
dBm or dBmW
odB(1 mW) — power measurementrelative to 1 milliwatt. XdBm = XdBW + 30.
dBW
odB(1 W) —similar to dBm, except the reference levelis 1 watt.