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Science
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
(Operation of Simple Electric
Motors and Generators)

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Science 10
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Operation of Simple Electric Motors and Generators
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Kristine Joy D. Bunda
Editors: Randy E. Porras
Reviewers: Jennifer P. Cajandig
Illustrator: Kristine Joy D. Bunda

Layout Artist: Kristine Joy D. Bunda

Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Miguel P. Fillalan Jr., CESO VI - Schools Division Superintendent
Levi B. Butihen, - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS,
LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Arlene Rosa G. Arquiza, CID Chief
Jesus V. De Gracia - Division ADM
Coordinator Randy E. Porras, -EPS (Science)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of

Telefax: Koronadal (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

Hello! How was your day going? Hope you are excited to learn something today!

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Force, Motion and Energy, specifically the Electricity and Magnetism. The lessons
are arranged following the content standards of the Science 10 curriculum guide with
their corresponding learning competencies.

Most Essential Learning Competency

Explain the operation of a simple electric motor and generator

Lesson Objectives
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Differentiate simple motor and generator

2. Explain the operation of a simple electric motor and generator.
3. Create a simple electric motor using household materials

Before we start, kindly answer the 10-item test to check what you know about our
lesson.

What I Know

Direction: Read each question carefully. Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. What basic principle enables ALL electric motors to operate?

A. Iron is the only element that is magnetic.
B. Opposite electric charges attract and like charges repel.
C. A moving conductor within a magnetic field will experience an electromotive
force.
D. A current-carrying conductor placed within a magnetic field will experience
a magnetic force.
2. What transformation will take place in an improvised generator?
A. mechanical energy into electrical energy
B. electrical energy into mechanical energy
C. alternating current into direct current
D. direct current into alternating current
3. Which of the following transfer of electricity will be observed in a motor?
A. electrical to mechanical
B. physical to potential
C. mechanical to electrical
D. chemical to mechanical
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4. How is transfer of electricity in a generator characterized?
A. Electrical to Mechanical
B. Physical to Potential
C. Chemical to Light
D. Mechanical to Electrical
5. Which of the following materials will facilitate you making an electric motor?
A. Battery, pencil and wire
B. Battery, nail and string
C. Wire, battery and iron ore (nail)
D. String, battery, rubber strip
6. In large generators in power plants, ___________ rotate inside a coil of wire to
produce an electric current.
A. Water
B. Wind
C. Magnets
D. Circuits
7. Which device uses mechanical energy to produce electrical energy?
A. Solar Cell
B. Generator
C. Magnet
D. Electric Motor
8. Which of the terms below turns the magnet inside a generator when mechanical
input is supplied?
A. Electromagnet
B. Solar panel
C. Turbine
D. Pinstock
9. What energy do you put IN to a generator?
A. Mechanical
B. Thermal
C. Electrical
D. Potential
10. What type of energy comes OUT of a generator?
A. Mechanical
B. Thermal
C. Electrical
D. Potential
11. In a simple generator with a rotating coil, the function of sliprings and brushes is to:
A. ensure a constant torque on the coil.
B. provide the external magnetic field.
C. pass current from the external circuit into the coil.
D. pass induced current from coil to the external circuit.
12. What do we call a device that converts electricity into mechanical movement?
A. Electric Generator
B. Electric Coil
C. Electric Charge
D. Electric Motor

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13.Which of the following is an example of generator?
A. Electric Fan
B. Electric Car
C. Hydro power Dam
D. All of the above
14. What term is used to describe how a magnetic field is created by the flow of electric
current?
A. Magnetic Force
B. Electrolysis
C. Electromagnetism
D. Hydro power Dam
15. You can find the direction of the magnetic field by using the ______ rule.
A. High Five
B. Right Hand
C. Sleight of Hand
D. Upper Hand

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 Lesson
9 Operation of Simple
Electric Motors and
Generators
In this module you will be reacquainted with basic magnetism and its relationship
with electricity by exploring the operations of Electric Motors and Generators.

What’s In

Great job! You have successfully answered the questions above. In this part, let us
try to test what have you learned on the previous topic.

Activity 1. Magnetic or Non-Magnetic

Classify the given household objects whether or not they would be attracted to a
magnet.

Pencil Nail Broom Scissors

Keys Screw Nail Hammer
Paper Clips Toothbrush Wire

Magnetic Non-magnetic

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 What’s New

What is Magnetism?
Magnets exert either a force of repulsion or
attraction.
If a force of attraction only is possible between an
object and a magnet, then the object interacting
with
the magnet contains a ferromagnetic substance
and
is considered naturally magnetic.
If a force of repulsion is also possible between
an object and a magnet, then the object
interacting
with the magnet may also be a permanent magnet
or a temporarily magnetized ferromagnetic material. Figure 1. Magnetism
Lifted from: https://adflipped.weebly.com

Let’s try this next activity.

Activity 2
Make a list of all the devices and appliances in your home that use electricity.

Device or Appliance that What the Electric Motor does?

uses Electricity
1 Example: Electric Fan Spins propeller to circulate air
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

What do they have in common?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

A. Make a list of energy resources in the Philippines that an electric utility/company

might use to produce electricity.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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What do they have in common?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

What is It

GUIDE CONCEPTS

A motor is generally defined as a device that converts other forms of energy into
mechanical energy and may range from lawn mowers and automobile engines to
rocket engines. Electric motors are a specific member of the motor family—they
convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, which usually appears as a
spinning or rotating motion. Electric motors are made in a wide range of sizes and
are used to run things ranging from toys to heavy industrial machinery and urban
subway trains. The efficiency of electric motors is high; small motors convert
electricity into motion with 60 to 75 percent efficiency, while large motors have
efficiency as high as 90 to 97 percent. Motors can be made to use electricity
produced by batteries and solar cells (photovoltaic cells) or the electricity produced
by an electric utility’s power plants and distributed by its transmission lines.

Like electric motors, generators come in many sizes, ranging from the
generator of bicycles used to light a small headlamp to the large generator power
plants use to produce electricity. Power plant generators are extremely efficient,
converting up to 99 percent of mechanical energy into electrical energy. (However,
the high efficiency of electric power plant generators should not be confused with the
overall power plant efficiency, which is about 33 percent. Nearly all power plants
produce electricity using generators. In turn, much of the electricity produced by
generators is used by electric motors. In effect, what the two lists describe are major
parts of today’s electrical system. Electric generators and motors—two simple,
versatile devices that are actually the mirror images of one another—make this
system possible.

Let us see if you have understood what you’ve read above. Try doing the
next activity (Activity 3).

What’s More

Great work! You can still recall your previous lessons. This time, you will be
exploring different activities for you to discover the operations of electric motor and
generator. Start working with Activity 3.

Activity 3. Making Your Own Electric Motor

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Objectives:
• Build a simple electric motor.
• Explain the operation of a simple electric motor.

Materials:
• 1 AA battery
• 3 Neodymium magnets or any magnets that can be found at home
• pliers or long nose
• AWG #14 – 18 solid and bare copper wire (~30 cm)
• science notebook and pen

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:

WIRES CAN GET HOT WHEN CONNECTED TO THE BATTERY FOR A LONG
TIME. OPEN THE CIRCUIT ONCE YOU ARE DONE WITH YOUR OBSERVATIONS.

Procedure:
1. Assembly of the Electric Motor Model – Cut the length of copper wire into three
pieces. With the use of the pliers, shape the three wires into a spiral, square, heart
or any figure to your liking similar to what is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. A sample electric motor model using magnets

http://ideas-inspire.com/simple-electric-motor/

2. Make a sample pile of the three neodymium magnets, the battery and the shaped
copper wire. Make adjustments to the length and width of the shaped wire. See to it
that there is a bare connection between the wire ends and the neodymium magnet
and also between the pivot part (balancing point) of the wire and the positive
terminal of the battery. Scrape or sand off the material insulating the wire at these
indicated points. Disassemble the set up when making the needed shape
adjustments and sanding of the copper wire.

3. Testing of Model – Carefully pile with the three magnets and the battery on a level
surface. Mount the shaped wire, with its pivot part as a rotating point, over the
positive terminal of the battery. Check that the bottom ends of the wire curl loosely
around the magnets forming a closed circuit. You now have a simple DC electric
motor model that we will simply call a DC motor model. Give the current-carrying
shaped wire a gentle spin.
4. Observe and record what happens to the shaped wire. Warning! Disconnect the
DC motor model immediately after making observations.
5. If your DC motor does not work, stretch your tolerance, abilities, and knowledge.
Have fun making your motor model.

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Guide Questions:
Q1. What happens to the shaped wire once positioned over the battery’s positive
terminal and with both wire ends curled loosely touching the magnets?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Q2. What other observations have you made regarding your electric motor model?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Q3. What will happen if the number of magnets used in the model is reduced?
Increased?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Q4. Based on the activity, how will you explain the operation of a simple electric
motor?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Let’s have another Activity!

Activity 4

Objectives:
⚫ Students will be able to compare and contrast Electric Motor and Generator
⚫ Students will be able to explain the operations of Electric Motor and Generator

Materials:
✓ Pen
✓ Paper

Procedure:

Analyze the given picture of an electric motor

D E
Figure 3. Electric Motor
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Lifted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor
Q1. What is an electromagnet?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Q2. What is the relationship between

electromagnet and electric motor?
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________

Q3. Label the parts of the electric motor

A- ________________________________________________________________________________
B- ________________________________________________________________________________
C- ________________________________________________________________________________
D- ________________________________________________________________________________
E- ________________________________________________________________________________
F- ________________________________________________________________________________

Q4. How do electric motor works?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Q5. How do you make an electric motor more powerful?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 4. Electric Motor

Lifted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor

Q6. Identify and describe the basic parts of the generator model shown in figure 5
below.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

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 Figure 5. Generator Model

Q7. What type of energy is inputted to a generator? What type of energy is the
Output from an electric generator?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Q8. In what ways (if

any) is an electric motor different from an
electric generator? Consider their basic design and key
components.

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Figure 6. Wind Turbine

Lifted from:
Q9. Explain what generators do play in producing electricity? https://thumbs.dreamstime.com

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Q10. Site at least one example of Electric Power Station in Mindanao. Explain how
they produce electricity.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

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 What I Have Learned

Direction: Using a Venn diagram compare and contrast the operations of electric
motor and generator.

Electric Motor Generator

What I Can Do

Create a version of “Electricity Serves Our Community” for your own home or school.
The diagram should include an energy source, a power plant, and a diagram of your
home or school containing selected items that use electric motors.

Figure 7. Electric Serves Community Poster

Lifted from: https://lh3.googleusercontent.com

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 Assessment
Alright! You are a step closer on finishing this module.

Answer the following questions. Write the letter of the correct answer in the answer
sheet.

1. What is the transfer of electricity in a generator?

A. Mechanical to Electrical
B. Physical to Potential
C. Electrical to Mechanical
D. Potential to Physical
2. Surrounding every magnet is a _________________.
A. Magnetic Field
B. Electrical Current
C. Another Magnet
D. None of the Above
3. In large generators in power plants, ________ rotates inside a coil of wire to
produce an electric current.
A. Wind
B. Magnet
C. Water
D. Circuit
4. What force does a magnetic field apply without actually touching the object?
How can a magnet move another object without touching it?
A. A Push or Pull
B. Friction
C. Gravity
D. Pressure
5. What energy do you put IN to a generator?
A. Mechanical
B. Thermal
C. Electrical
D. Potential
6. What type of energy comes OUT of a generator?
A. Mechanical
B. Thermal
C. Electrical
D. Potential
7. Electricity is the flow of __________
A. Protons
B. Electron
C. Neutrons
D. Protons and Neutrons
8. What is the transfer of electricity in a motor?
A. Chemical to Mechanical
B. Mechanical to Electrical
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 C. Electrical to Mechanical
D. Physical to Potential
9. Generators are devices that convert _______ energy into _____ energy.
A. Chemical; Mechanical
B. Electrical; Mechanical
C. Mechanical; Electrical
D. Potential; Kinetic
10. What basic principle enables ALL electric generators to operate?
A. Iron is the only element that is magnetic.
B. Opposite electric charges attract and like charges repel.
C. A closed-loop conductor within a changing magnetic field will have an
induced electromotive force.
D. A current-carrying conductor placed within a magnetic field will experience
a magnetic force.

11. A generator converts

A. electrical energy into mechanical energy.
B. mechanical energy into electrical energy.
C.mechanical energy into steam.
D.steam into mechanical energy.
12. Which of the following statements best describes how a generator induces a
current?
A.The magnetic field strength is varied.
B.A wire loop is moved in and out of the magnetic field.
C.The orientation of the loop is changed with respect to the magnetic field.
D.The rotation of the loop is reversed periodically.
13. What is the name of the device that changes a small ac applied emf to a larger
one or a large applied emf to a smaller one?
A.converter
B.transformer
C.inverter
D.Exchanger
14. The current that flows in an electric circuit carries ____.
A. Chemical Energy
B. Mechanical Energy
C. Thermal Energy
D. Electrical Energy
15.There is a repulsive force between two charged objects when __________
A. charges are of unlike sign.
B. they have the same number of protons.
C. charges are of like sign.
D. they have the same number of electrons.

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 Additional Activities

Directions: Using Across and Down Clues. Write the correct words in the number
grid below.

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Answer Key

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References:
Printed Material:

Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arne, R., Carmona, M., Garcia, A., Gatpo, A.,
Macaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M., Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10
Learner’s Material. Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines

Acosta, H., Alvarez, L., Angeles, D., Arne, R., Carmona, M., Garcia, A., Gatpo, A.,
Macaida, J., Olarte, M., Rosales, M., Salazar, N. (2015). First Edition. Science 10
Teachers Guide (Unit1). Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines

Electronic Sources:

ENERGY, GENERATORS, AND MOTORS. Retrieved from:

https://www.ww2classroom.org/system/files/WWII18-
02_REAL_WORLD_SCIENCE_32_Energy-Generators-and-Motors.pdf

Motors and Generators. Retrieved from:

http://www.meprogram.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/KISS-Notes-
MOTORS-NA.pdf

Electromagnets and Electric Motors Intro Power point. Retrieved from:

https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Electromagnets-and-Electric-
Motors-Intro-PowerPoint-NGSS-MS-PS2-3-1761996

Electric Motors and Generators. (www.uwsp.edu) Retrieved from:

https://www.uwsp.edu/cnrap/KEEP/Documents/Activities/Electric_Motors_Gene
rators.pdf

Science 10 Learner’s Material pp.3, 6-13

Hobart M. King, Ph.D., RPG. Map of Plate Boundaries. Retrieved May 8, 2020 from:
https://geology.com/plate-tectonics.shtml

Poulsen, T., Yastrebov, Y. (2019). Ural Mountain. Retrieved May 2020 from:
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Barrow, M.(2013).The Mountain environment .Retrieved May 26, 2020 from:

http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/mountains.htm

Marston, R., Eardley, A. (2020). Rocky Mountains. Retrieved May 2020 from:
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Zimmerman, K.A. (2013). Andes: World’s Longest Mountain Range. Retrieved May
2020 from: https://www.livescience.com/27897-andes-mountains.html

Aubrey Diem, Thomas M. Poulsen (2019).Alps. Retrieved May 2020 from:

https://www.britannica.com/place/Alps

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Figure 1. Earth’s Crust
Retrieved May 25, 2020 from: https://www.slideserve.com/havyn/tectonic-plates

Figure 3 : Map of the Philippines

Retrieved May 13,2020 from: https://www.drivingdirectionsandmaps.com/wp-
content/uploads/country-maps/rp-country-map.gif

Figure 5. Map of Mindanao

Retrieved May 1, 2020 from PHILVOLC

Figure 6. Map of Earthquake Distribution

Retrieved May 15, 2020 from: http //marc.fournier.free.free.fr

Figure 7. Map of Active Volcanoes

Retrieved May 15, 2020 from: https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/fig34.html

Figure 8. Map of Major Mountain Belts

Retrieved May 15, 2020 from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-
and-planetary-sciences/mountain-building

Figure 9. Mountain Ranges of the World

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http://www.clipart.dk.co.uk/1068/az/earth/mountain_ranges

“Earthquakes and Volcanoes”: Retrieved May 12, 2020 from: https://www.clark-

shawnee.k12.oh.us/userfiles/36/Classes/1702/chap08.pdf?id=2780&fbclid=IwAR
2XIC4hPxff9qwG2Xhe3puhlnCwwIbvM89xCvXNF3yeA1ZRpyo40DDxfno

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http://oceanservice.noaa.gov>facts
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