9 More About Trigonometry (II) : Extra Examples

Solutions
9 More about Trigonometry (II) Example 9.5R

( sum of △)
Extra Examples
Example 9.1R
Area of △PQR
By the sine formula,
Example 9.2R
Area of the shaded region
= area of sector OAB – area of △OBC
Example 9.3R
Area of △
Example 9.6R
(a) By the sine formula,
Example 9.4R
∵ for all values of B.

∴ There are no solutions for B.
(b) By the sine formula,
(b) ( sum of △)
(c) By the sine formula,
1
Solutions
Example 9.9 R
By the cosine formula,
Example 9.10R
(d) By the sine formula,
Example 9.7R Example 9.11R

Method 1 (Applying the cosine formula only)
∵ for all values of B.

∴ There are no solutions for B.
(b) By the sine formula,
∴
Method 2 (Applying both the cosine formula and the sine formula)
Example 9.8 R
2
Solutions
3
Solutions
Example 9.12R
Let . .
∴ ∴
∴ The true bearing of P from B
∴ Area of △ABC
Example 9.13R
(a) Let .
Area of △ABC
(b) Area of △ABC
Example 9.14R
(a) By the cosine formula,
∴ The true bearing of P from A
(b) By the cosine formula,
4
Solutions
Example 9.15R
∴ The course of boat Y is N68.5ºW.

In △BDC, Example 9.17R
(a) ∵ AB is perpendicular to plane BFGC.
∴ B is the projection of A on plane BFGC.
∴ BG is the projection of AG on plane BFGC.
∴ AGB is the angle between AG and plane BFGC.
(b) ∵ BE  BC and BF  BC.

∴ EBF is the angle between planes BEC and BFGC.
Example 9.18R
Example 9.16R (a) Let N be the mid-point of FG, i.e. FN = NG = 3cm.
Let C be the point where boat Y meets boat X in 100 minutes.
(Pyth. theorem)
∴
(Pyth. theorem)
∴
∴ The speed of boat Y
(b) (i) Let P be the mid-point of EH.
The angle between the planes MEH and GFEH is

MPN.
5
Solutions
∴ The angle between the planes MEH and ∴ The angle between EA and plane ABCD is 21.9.
GFEH is 58.0.
Example 9.20R
(ii) The angle between ME and plane GFEH is MEN. (a) Consider △AEF.
∴ The angle between ME and the plane GFEH

is 53.9.
Example 9.19R
(a) Consider △BEC.
Consider △ABC. (b) The angle between the planes ABED and ACFD is
EDF.
Consider △AED.
Consider △ADF.
Consider △ACE. Consider △EDF.

∴ The angle between the planes ABED and ACFD is

85.
Example 9.21R
(a) The angle between the planes ADEF and CDEH is
ADC. Consider the isosceles trapezium ABCD.
(b) In △ACE,
6
Solutions
∴ The angle between VA and plane ABCD is 45.
(b) Let M be the mid-point of AB.
∵ ADM = BCN (property of isos. trapezium)

AMD = BNC = 90
AD = BC (given)
∴ △ADM △BCN
∴ DM = CN
∵ DM + MN + CN = 8 cm
2DM + 4 cm = 8 cm
DM = 2 cm ∵ △VAB is an isosceles triangle.
∴ VM  AB
∵ △OAB is an isosceles triangle.
∴ OM  AB
∵ AB is the line of intersection of the planes VAB and
ABCD.
∴ The angle between the planes VAB and ABCD is
VMO.
∴ The angle between the planes ADEF and CDEH is
66.4.
(b) Let P, Q and R be the mid-points of FG, DC and EH From (a),

respectively. (Pyth. Theorem)
Consider △VOM.
The angle between the planes FDCG and CDEH is

PQR. ∴ The angle between the planes VAB and ABCD is
From (a), 54.7.
(Pyth. Theorem) (c) Let N be the mid-point of BC.
The angle between VO and the plane VBC is OVN.
ON = OM = 5 cm (by (b))
PR = AM =
QR = AF = 14 cm
∴ The angle between VO and plane VBC is 35.3.
Example 9.23R
(a) Consider △LAO.
∴ The angle between the planes FDCG and CDEH is

18.1.
Example 9.22R
(a) The angle between VA and plane ABCD is VAO.
Consider △LBO.
(Pyth. theorem)
∴ (property of square)
Consider △VAO.
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Solutions
Consider △AOB.
∴ The distance between A and B is 108.2 m.

Consider △BCK.
(b) By the cosine formula.
∴ The angle of elevation of B from C is 17.80.
∴ The true bearing of B from A Example 9.5X

( sum of △)
Example 9.24R By the sine formula,
(a)
∵ H and K are projections of A and B on the

horizontal ground respectively.
∴ HK = AB = 50 km
Consider △HCK.
Area of △ABC
Example 9.11X
Consider △ABC.
( sum of △)
Consider △AHC. By the sine formula,
∴ The height of the aeroplane from ground is 11.58 km. Consider △BCD.
(b) Consider △HCK.
8
Solutions
( sum of △)

(b) The angle between AN and plane EFGH is ANE.
(by (a))
∴ The angle between AN and plane EFGH is 32.05.
(c) Let P be the mid-point of MN, then AP is the height of

△AMN. (∵ AMN is an isos. triangle.)
Consider △ABD.
Example 9.22X Area of △AMN

(a) (i)
44.9315 cm2 (by (a)(i) and
(a)(ii))
AP = 12.7085 cm
The angle between the planes AMN and EFGH is APE.
∴ The angle between the planes AMN and EFGH is

33.42.
Example 9.24X
(a) Consider △DPC.
(ii) Let
Consider △DPC and △AQB.
∴ ∵ AB  QB (given)
DC  PC (given)
and AQ // DP (AQ and DP are sun rays)
∴ AQB = DPC =
Consider △AQB.
s – AM = (16.7265 – 13.1909) cm = 3.5356 cm
s – MN = (16.7265 – 7.0711) cm = 9.6554 cm
s – AN = (16.7265 – 13.1909) cm = 3.5356 cm
Area of △AMN
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Solutions
Consider △BRQ.
(b) Area of the shadow = 40 m2 Consider △ARB.
∴ The angle of elevation of A from R is 38.
and
(c) Consider trapezium BCPQ.
∵ R is the mid-point of PQ.
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Solutions
Pre-requisite Questions
1. (a)
4. (a) ∵
∴  lies in quadrant I or quadrant IV.

∵tan  < 0
(b)
∴  must lie in quadrant IV.
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of  and
OP = r.
(c)
From the definition of the cosine ratio, r = 17 and

x = 15.
2. (a) ∴
(b) (b) ∵
∴  lies in quadrant II or quadrant IV.

∵ sin  > 0
∴  must lie in quadrant II.
∴ is a point on the terminal

side of .
(c)
3. In △ABD,
In △ACD,
5. (a)
11
Solutions
(c)
(b)
6. (a)
(b)
12
Solutions
7.
From the definition of the sine ratio, r = 4,

.
8. ∵ ∴
(c)
10. (a) ∵
∴ The maximum value of
The minimum value of
(b)
9. (a)
∵
or (rejected, ∵ 90 < A <

(c) ∵
180)
(b) ∵ 90 < A < 180
∴ cos A < 0
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of A and
OP = r.
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Solutions
(c)
(d)
∵
11. ∵ Maximum value of
∴ The y-coordinate of R is 2.
The maximum value of y occurs at or 14. ∵ B + D = 180 (opp. s, cyclic quad.)
∴ D = 180  B
.
i.e. x = 0 or 720
From the figure, the coordinates of R are (720, 2).
12. From the graph, C is the maximum point of

.
∵
∴ The maximum value of 15. In △ABD,
The maximum value of y occurs at sin 4x = 1.

i.e.
∴ The coordinates of C are (22.5, ).

In △ACD,
13. (a)
(b) 16. (a)
14
Solutions
(b) (by (a))
or
or
, or
(c)
17.
or
, , or
(cor. to the nearest 0.1°)
Alternative Solution
, , or
(cor. to the nearest 0.1°)
18. (a) ∵
(b)
15
Solutions
Level 1 Questions ∴ Area of △PQR
1. (a) Area of △ABC
However, area of △PQR .
(b) Let .
4. (a) Consider △AOB.

Area of △ABC
2. (a)
∵ OA = OB and AOB = 60

Area of △PQRS = area of △PQS + area of △QRS
∴ △AOB is an equilateral triangle with sides
10 cm.
Area of △AOB
(b) Consider △QRS.
Let .
(b) ∵ △AOB is an equilateral triangle with sides
10 cm.
∴ The radius of the circle is 10 cm.
Area of the shaded segment
= area of sector AOB  area of △AOB
Area of △QRS
Area of △PQS
5. By the sine formula,
∴ Area of PQRS
3. Let .
6. (a) In △ADC,
16
Solutions
(ext.  of △) (ext.  of △)
In △ADC, By the sine formula,

(b) In △ADC,
(b) In △ABC, ( sum of
△)
By the sine formulas
7. (a) Consider quadrilateral ABCD.
(c) Area of △DBC
(b) In △ABC,
(c) by the sine formula,
9. (a) In △ABC,
(c) In △ADC,
(ext.  of △)
(ext.  of △)
and
∴ Area of trapezium
8. (a) In △ADC,
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Solutions
(b)
10. By the cosine formula,
∴ ( sum of
△)
14. (∠sum of △)
∵ A : B : C = 3 : 4 : 5
18
Solutions
In △AMC,
by the cosine formula,
∴ ( sum of
△)
19. (a) By the cosine formula,
17. (a)
(b)
(c) By the sine formula,
(b) ∵ sin2  + cos2  = 1
∴
∵ cos BAC > 0
∴ BAC is an acute angle.
∴ Let
cm 20. (a) ∵ ABCD is a rhmobus.

∴ AB = BC = CD = DA = 25 cm
By Heron’s formula,
Area of △ABC
18. (a) In △ABC,

(b) ∵ BM : MC = 2 : 1
21. (a) In △QRS,
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Solutions
(b) ∵ Area of △PQS = Area of △QRS

∴ (b) In △OBA,
∴ The angle of elevation of the balloon from B

(c) In △PQS, is 8°.
24.
∴ ( sum of △)
22. (a) In △ABD,

∴ The distance between islands B and C is 61.6 km.
25. (a) In △PQR,

(b) In △BCD,
(c) Area of △ABCD

= Area of △ABD + Area of △BCD
∴ The angle of depression of R from P is 11.9.
(b)
In △PRT,
19
23. (a) In △OBA,
20
Solutions
∴ The height of the building RS is 34.7 m.
26. (a)
( sum of
△)
In △APQ,
Bby the sine formula,
and
(b) In △ABP,
∴ The height of the building PB is 12.1 m.
Thus,By the sine formula,
(b) In ,
Therefore,
(c) is the required angle of elevation.
In ,
(cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(ii) In △PQR,
by the sine formula, ,
Thus,
.
270. (a)
PQ ∴ Thus, the distance between the two ships

km. at
3 p.m. is 101.4 km.
(b) (i) In △PQR,
21
Solutions
28.
∴ The true bearing of R from P is 119.
29. (a)
∴ The compass bearing of C from A

=S W
i=s S26.1W.
22
Solutions
21.
In △HBD,
Therefore, by the sine formula,
∴ The angle between BH and BD is 28.3.
(b)
2230.
Let the compass bearing of B from C is NW.
The angle between BH and plane DCGH is BHC.
∴
In △BHC,
∴ The angle between BH and plane DCGH is

54.4.
3233. (a)
∴ The compass bearing of B from C is N5.08W.
31. In △ABC,
∴ The angle between the planes ACFD and BCFE is

26.4.
312. (a)
(b) In △HAG,
The angle between BH and BD is HBD.
∴ The angle between AH and AG is 45.
23
Solutions
(c) The angle between AH and AC is HAC.
In △HAC, by the cosine formula,
∴ The angle between AH and AC is 60.0.
33. In △ABC,
∴ The angle between the planes ACFD and BCFE is

26.4.
34. In △VBC,
In △VAB,
In △ACB,
∴ The compass bearing of A from C is N40W.
24
Solutions
Level 2 Questions
1. Join OC.
3. (a) In △ACD,
( sum of
△)

( at centre twice  at ⊙ce )
(adj. s on a st. line)
Let the radius of circle be r cm.

Area of shaded region = Area of △AOC + Area of sector
OBC
(b) Consider △ACD.
( ext. of △)
Consider △ACB.
(
∴ The radius of the circle is 10 cm. sum of △)
2. (a) Consider △OAC.
(c)
Area of △ABD (10 cm)(8.4 cm)(sin 65.421)
4. (a) Consider △ABC.

(b) Shaded area

= area of sector OAB – area of △OAC
(b) (opp. s, cyclic
quad.)
In △ACD,
( sum of
△)
25
Solutions
(b) (alt. s, AD // BC)

(alt. s, AD // BC)
∴ △ADK ~ △CBK (AAA)
∵
Area of △ABD (5.6 cm)(7.8 cm) sin 123
∴ (cor. sides, ~△s)
Area of △ACD (11.823 cm)(13.992 cm) sin
40
∴ Area of ABCD
(cor. to 3 sig. (int. s, AD // BC)

fig.)
5. Consider △ABD.
Consider △AKD.
By the cosine formula again,

(alt. s, AB // CD)
In △BCD,
( sum of
△) 7. (a) Consider △ABC.

In △CDE,
( sum of
△)

Consider △AFE.
26
Solutions
(
( sum of △)
sum of △)

By the sine formula again,
9. Join QN.
∵ MNPQ is a cyclic quadrilateral.

∴ (opp.  s, cyclic quad.)
(b) Consider △QMN.
Area of △ACE
Consider △PQN.
8. ∵ sin ∠A > 0
∴ ∠A is an acute angle.
∴ cos ∠A > 0
∴
10. (a) Consider △AOB.

By the cosine formula again,
(b) Consider △OAC.
27
Solutions
Let the radius of the circle be r cm.

Consider △OBD.
By the cosine formula, By the cosine formula,
∴ The radius of the circle is 6.92 cm.
12. (a) Join BD.
11. (a) In △ABC,

( sum of
( sum of
△)

polygon)
Consider △BCD,
(b) In △ACD, ∵ (ABCDEF is a regular hexagon)

(ext.  of △) ∴ (base s, isos. △)
(
sum of △)
In △BDM,
(c)
( at centre twice
 at⊙ce)
(b) Consider △BME
28
Solutions
14. (a)
In △LAB,
(∠ sum of
△)
In △ABH,
(∠
(b) When the boat is closest to L at point C,

sum of △) .
In △LAC,
13. (a)
Consider △ABC.
∴ The shortest distance between the boat and the

light house is 13.1 km.
15. (a)
(b) Consider △ABC.
After 3 hours,
Consider △OAB.
(cor. s, AE // DC )
In △DCB, ∴
(ext.  of △)
( sum of △)
∴ The required direction is S84.4°E. By the sine formula again,
29
Solutions
17. Let the height of the tower TS be h km.
In △TQS,
(b) After 2 hours
In △TSR,
Consider △OAC.
In △QSR,
16.
In △TSP,
(alt. s, PH // AQ)
Consider △AHB.

18. (a) Refer to the notation in the figure,
∴
In △BCD,
∴ The compass bearing of H from B is N59.0W.
30
Solutions
∴ The distance between island M and island P is

37.2 km.
(alt. s, AG // ED)
In △ADE,
∴ ∴ Reflex
∴ The required true bearing is 347.
20. (a) (i) In △TAB,
∴ The height of the tower is 81.5 m.
(b)
In △ABC,
In △AHF,
(ii) In △TBC,
∴ The angle of elevation of A from F is 48.4°.
19. (a)
∴ The angle of elevation of T from C is 71.6.
(b) (i) In △ABC,
Consider △AMP.
31
Solutions
In △BCD,
Consider △ABC.
(ii)
Consider △ABM.
∴ The height of the pole is 33.2 m.
(b) Consider △ABC.

(iii) In △TBM,
∴ The angle of elevation of M from T is 71.6. ∴ The compass bearing of A from B is S84.9E.
21. (a) Let the height of the pole CD be h m. 22. (a) In △ABC,
In △ACD,
In △DBC,
32
Solutions
(b)
Consider △OAK.
Consider △ABD. By the sine formula,
In △TBH,
(∠
sum of △)
(c) In △ABR,
(b) In △OAK,
In △BCR,
( sum of △)
∴ The angle of elevation of C from R is 46.5.
23. (a) In △AKH,
In △OAT,
33
Solutions
∴ The angle of elevation of T from A is 56.9.
24. (a) Consider △EAB.
In △AEM,
In △ADM,
In △EBC,
(Pyth. theorem)
(b) In △BCD,
∴ The angle between AD and plane EDB is 14.5.
25. (a) In △PQA,
(Pyth. theorem) In △PQB,
Similarly, in △EFD,
Consider △EDB.
Consider △AQB.
(c) Let M be the mid-point of EB then AM  EB.
34
Solutions
(Pyth. theorem)
In △QRS,
∴ The true bearing of B from A is 116.
(b) ∵ A, B, C and Q are concyclic.

∴
By the Heron’s formula,

Area of △QRS
In △BQC,
by the sine formula,
(c) In △QRS,
∴ QR2 + RS2 ≠ SQ2

In △PQC, ∴ QRS ≠ 90 (converse of Pyth. theorem)
∴ PRQ is not the angle between the planes PRS
and QRS.
27. (a) (i) ∵ △ABC is an equilateral triangle.

∴
∴ The angle of elevation of P from C is 31 .

Consider △ABD.
26. (a) Consider △PQS. By the sine formula,
In △ADC,
(b) In △PQR,
(Pyth. theorem)
∴
In △PRS,
35
Solutions
(ii)
(Pyth. theorem)
(b) In △ABD,
(ext.  of △)
In △KBG,
In △BDE,
( sum of
△)
(Pyth. theorem)
By symmetry, KH = KG = 9 cm
Consider △KGH.
Consider △BDE.
(b) Let P be the intersection point of FH and EG.
In △ADC,
(ext. ∠ of △)
Then, KP is perpendicular to the plane EFGH.

Consider △EDC. In △KGP,
28. (a) In △DBC,
∴ The angle between the line KG and plane
36
Solutions
EFGH is 26.4°.
(c) Let M be the mid-point of GH.
∴ The angle between CA and the plane ABFE is

19.7.
∵ KG = KH 30. (a)
∴ KM  GH
∵ VB = VC and BM = MC
∴ VM  MC
In △VMC,
(Pyth. theorem)
In △KPM,
∵ AB = AC and BM = MC
∴ AM  MB
∴ The angle between planes KGH and EFGH is In △AMB,
45.
29. (a) In △CAB,
(b) Consider △VMA.

In △FBA,
∴ The angle between planes VBC and ABC is

In △BCF,
31.1.
(c) Let VH be the height of the pyramid.
In △CAF,
In △VMH,
(b) Let M be a point on BF such that CM  BF.

In △CBM,
In △CAM,
37
Solutions
Area of △ABC
∴ Volume of the tetrahedron

(c) Let M be mid-point of BC.
31. (a) In △VAC,

(Pyth. theorem)
In △VAB, ∵ AB = AC and BM = MC
(Pyth. theorem) ∴ AM  BC
In △ABC,
(Pyth. theorem)
In △VBC,
(Pyth. theorem)
In △AMV,
(b)
∴ Angle between planes ABC and BEFGC
Level 2+ Questions
1. (a) Area of PQRS

 area of △QTR + area of △PTQ +
area of △STP + area of △SRT
Let
Area of △ABC
∴ Total surface area
38
Solutions
(b) ∵ △RST is an equilateral triangle.

∴
(adj. s on a
∴ The angle between the planes ABC and ABH is
60.
st. line)
3. In △ABC,
∵ PT : TR = 4 : 1 and QT : TS = 3 : 1 (s at
∴ PT = 40 cm and QT = 30 cm
From (a),
area of PQRS a pt)
In △ABC, by the cosine formula,
2. (a) Area of △ABC In △KAP, by the cosine formula,
(b) Let CD is the altitude of △CAB. ∴
Similarly,
Consider the area of △ABC.
4. (a) In △ABD,
In △HCD,
∴
∴
∴ (base s, isos. △)

In △ ,
39
Solutions
( sum of △)
∴ The angle makes with the plane ADC is

(b) In △ , 20.7.
5. (a) In △QRV,
(c) Consider △ .
Let F be a point on such that
.
∵ and
∴
∴ The perpendicular distance of A from is

9.83 cm.
(b) In △PQR,
(d) Let G be the perpendicular foot from to KD.
In △ ,
In △ ,
In △PRV,
40
Solutions
(Pyth. Theorem)
∴ The angle between the planes PQV and PQR is
49.
6. (a) (i)
By Heron’s formula,
In △PQV, area of △ABC
(ii) Area of △ABC
(b) Let R be a point on EF such that DR  EF.
(c) In △PQV,
In △DRP,
∴ (converse of Pyth.
theorem)
Consider △APD.
In △VPR, By the cosine formula,
41
Solutions
∴ The angle between line PD and the plane ABC

63.0
(b)
(c) (i) In △PAC,
In △ABP,
∵ △BPA  △CPA (SAS)

∴ CP = BP
= 7.5 cm
Consider △BCP,
In △APQ,
(c) Let M be the mid-point of BC.
∵ VB = VC, PB = PC
∴ VM  BC, PM  BC
(ii) In △PQD,
In △PMC,
∴ The angle between the line PD and the plane

ACFD is 19.5.

In △VMC,
∵ △VAB  △VAC (SAS)

∴ VB = VC
In △VBC,
In △VBA,
42
Solutions
Multiple Choice Questions
1. A
Let
Consider △PMV, By Heron’s formula,

area of △PQR
2. C
(∠ sum of △)
∴ Area of △ABC
∴ The angle between the planes PBC and

VBC is 19.5.
3. B
Area of △
4. A
5. A
∴ (base ∠s, isos. △)
In △PQM,
(ext. ∠ of △)
(∠ sum of △)
43
Solutions
6. D
(∠s in the same segment) In △ABD,
(∠s in the same segment)
In △ABC,
Consider △ACD.
(∠ sum of
(adj.∠s on a st. line)
△) By the sine formula,
7. C
Consider △ACD.
9. B
Consider △ABC. ∴
10. A
∴
8. D
Let AB = h. ∵ cos > 0
In △ABC, ∴  is an actue angle
44
Solutions
(alt.∠s, AC // BE )
11. D
Let PS = 2a ∴ The compass bearing of B from A is S70E.
Then PM = MQ = QN = a
14. D
Join MN.
In △PMS,
Similarly,
In △MNQ,
∴ The compass bearing of X from Y is S56.3E.
Consider △MNS.
15. B
12. C
Consider △BCD.
(alt. ∠s, EO // AC)
(adj. ∠s on a st. line)

∴ The true bearing of A from B is 060.
Area of △
16. A
13. C
45
Solutions
(alt.∠s, TQ // PS)
(alt.∠s, UR // PS)
∴
∴
∴
∵ PQ = PR
∴ ∠PQR =∠PRQ (base ∠s, isos. △)
(∠ sum of △)
∴ The true bearing of C from A is 105.3°.
20. C
∴
∴ The compass bearing of Q from R is S77W.
17. A
(alt.∠s, TP // QS)
∴
(adj.∠s on a st.
line)

∴ The compass bearing of R from P is S36E.
18. D
∴ The distance between P and R is 28 km.
21. B
∴ The true bearing of R from P
19. C
∵ Q is southeast from P.
∴ ∠SQP = 45
∵ R is due east of Q.
46
Solutions
∴ ∠SQR = 90 25. D

In △BCE,

In △BDE,
∴ The distance between P and R is 12 km.

In △ABC,
22. B
In △ABX,
∴ The angle between AB and plane BCEF is 72.
26. A
In △AYX, ∵ AP : PF = 1 : 2
(ext.∠ of △)
By the sine formula, ∴
In △PGF,
In △PGH,
23. B
Consider △ABC.
∴ The angle between PH and plane ABGF is 39.
27. C
Let ED = h
∴ The angle between planes ABEF and ACDF is AF = CH = h
59.1. In △AEF,
24. A
Let BE be the altitude of △BCD.
In △BCD,
(Pyth. Theorem)
∵ △BCD is an isosceles triangle.
In △BED,
In △ABE,
In △CHE,
∴ The angle between planes ACD and BCD is 65.
47
Solutions
In △CDO,
In △ACD,
Consider △AEC.
28. C
Let AD = h
In △ADO,
In △BCO,
48

9 More About Trigonometry (II) : Extra Examples

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9 More About Trigonometry (II) : Extra Examples

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Solutions

9 More about Trigonometry (II) Example 9.5R

∵ for all values of B.

(b) By the sine formula,

By the sine formula,

(c) By the sine formula,

(d) By the sine formula,

Example 9.7R Example 9.11R

∵ for all values of B.

(b) By the sine formula,

By the sine formula,

∴ The true bearing of P from B

(b) Area of △ABC

∴ The true bearing of P from A

(b) By the cosine formula,

By the sine formula,

∴ The course of boat Y is N68.5ºW.

(b) ∵ BE  BC and BF  BC.

(b) (i) Let P be the mid-point of EH.

By the cosine formula,

The angle between the planes MEH and GFEH is

∴ The angle between ME and the plane GFEH

Consider △ACE. Consider △EDF.

∴ The angle between the planes ABED and ACFD is

∴ The angle between VA and plane ABCD is 45.

(b) Let M be the mid-point of AB.

∵ ADM = BCN (property of isos. trapezium)

(b) Let P, Q and R be the mid-points of FG, DC and EH From (a),

The angle between the planes FDCG and CDEH is

∴ The angle between the planes FDCG and CDEH is

By the cosine formula,

∴ The distance between A and B is 108.2 m.

∴ The angle of elevation of B from C is 17.80.

∴ The true bearing of B from A Example 9.5X

Example 9.24R By the sine formula,

∵ H and K are projections of A and B on the

By the sine formula,

Consider △AHC. By the sine formula,

(b) Consider △HCK.

By the sine formula,

∴ The angle between AN and plane EFGH is 32.05.

(c) Let P be the mid-point of MN, then AP is the height of

Example 9.22X Area of △AMN

∴ The angle between the planes AMN and EFGH is

(b) Area of the shadow = 40 m2 Consider △ARB.

∴ The angle of elevation of A from R is 38.

(c) Consider trapezium BCPQ.

∵ R is the mid-point of PQ.

∴  lies in quadrant I or quadrant IV.

From the definition of the cosine ratio, r = 17 and

∴  lies in quadrant II or quadrant IV.

∴ is a point on the terminal

From the definition of the sine ratio, r = 4,

The minimum value of

or (rejected, ∵ 90 < A <

The minimum value of

11. ∵ Maximum value of

12. From the graph, C is the maximum point of

∴ The maximum value of 15. In △ABD,

The maximum value of y occurs at sin 4x = 1.

∴ The coordinates of C are (22.5, ).

(b) 16. (a)

(b) (by (a))