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Definite Integral As The LImit of A Sum
Definite Integral As The LImit of A Sum
Evaluate:
1 1 1
1. lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ �+� �+2� �+��
� � �
2. lt �2+12 + �2+22 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2
�→∞
12 22 �2
3. lt � 3 +13 + �3 +23 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�3
�→∞
1 �2 �2 1
4. lt � + �+1 3 + �+2 3 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8�
�→∞
1 �2 −12 �2 − �−1 2
5. lt + �2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ �
1 �+�
6. lt
�→∞ � �−�
1
1 2 � �
7. lt 1+
�
1+
�
∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + �
�→∞
1
12 22 �2 �
8. lt 1 + �2 1 + �2 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + �2
�→∞
� �+�
9. lt �=1 �2 +�2
�→∞
� �
10. lt �=1 �+�
�→∞ � 2�+�
1 1 1 1
11. lt
�
+ �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3�
�→∞
1 1 1
12. lt
�
1 + 2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�
�→∞
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�
13. lt
� �
�→∞
1
�! �
14. lt �
�→∞ �
1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10
15. lt
�11
�→∞
1 1 1 1
16. lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33
�2 �2 �2 �2
17. lt 3 + 2�+6 3 + 2�+9 3 +∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
�→∞ 2�+3
�+1 �+2 �+�
18. lt + �2+22 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2
�→∞ �2 +12
Page 1
Preface________________________________________________________________________
This E-book is designed for the use of students preparing for different Examinations.
iii. A fairly large number of examples have been worked out properly.
v. The E-book will serve as a valuable guide for various competitive Examinations.
Any notice of errors and any suggestions for improvement of this E-book will be thankfully
received.
Shelbistar Marbaniang
Contact us : marbashel@gmail.com
Evaluate:
Page 2
1 1 1
1. lt �+�
+ �+2� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �+��
�→∞
1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution: lt + �+2� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �+�� = lt � + 2� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ ��
�→∞ �+� �→∞ � 1+ � 1+ � 1+ �
� �
1 1 1 1
= lt � + 2� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ ��
�→∞ � 1+ 1+ � 1+
� �
1 1 1 1
= lt � + 2� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ ��
�→∞ � 1+ � 1+ 1+ �
�
1 � 1
= lt �=1 1+� �
�→∞ �
�
1 � 1
= lt �=1 1+�� 1
�→∞ �
�
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
Now,
1 1 1 � 1
lt + �+2� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �+�� = lt ℎ �=1 1+��ℎ
�→∞ �+� ℎ→0
1 1
= 0 1+��
��
� �� ��
��
1 + � �� = ��
��
� = ��
��
�� = �
Thus,
1 1 1 ��
0 1+��
�� = 0 ��
1 1 1 1 ��
0 1+�� �� =� 0 �
1 1 1 1
0 1+�� �� = � ���� 0
1 1 1 1
0 1+�� �� = � log (1 + ��)
0
Since 1 + �� = �
Page 3
1 1 1
0 1+��
�� = log 1 + �1 − log (1 + �0)
�
1 1 1
0 1+��
�� = log 1 + � − log (1 + 0)
�
1 1 1
0 1+��
�� = log 1 + � − log 1
�
1 1 1
0 1+��
�� = log 1 + � − 0
�
1 1 1
0 1+��
�� = log 1+�
�
�����,
1 1 1 1
lt �+�
+ �+2� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �+�� = � log 1 + �
�→∞
� � �
2. lt �2 +12 +
�2 +22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�2 +�2
�→∞
Solution:
� � � � � �
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt 2 + 22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �2 +�2 �→∞ �2 1+1 �2 1+ 2 �2 1+ 2
�2 � �
� � � � 1 1 1
lt 2 2 + �2+22 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = lt 2 12
+ 22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ � +1 �→∞ � 1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ 2
� � �
� � � 1 1 1 1
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt 12
+ 22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �2 +�2 �→∞ � 1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ 2
� � �
� � � 1 1 1 1
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt 12
+ 22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � 2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �2 +�2 �→∞ � 1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ �
� �
� � � 1 � 1
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt �=1 � 2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �2 +�2 �→∞ � 1+ �
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
� � � � 1
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt ℎ �=1 1+ �ℎ 2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �2 +�2 ℎ→0
� � � 1 1
lt 2 2 + �2+22 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = 0 1+�2 ��
�→∞ � +1
� � � 1
lt �2 +12 +
�2 +22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�2 +�2
= tan−1 �
�→∞ 0
� � �
lt 2 2 + �2 +22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = tan−1 1 − tan−1 0
�→∞ � +1
Page 4
� � � �
lt 2 +12 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = − 0
�→∞ � �2 +22 �2 +�2 2
Hence,
� � � �
lt 2 2 + �2+22 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = 2
�→∞ � +1
12 22 �2
3. lt
�3 +13 +
�3 +23
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�3
�→∞
Solution:
12 22 �2 12 22 �2
�
lt
3 +13 + �3 +23 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�3 = lt �3 +13 + �3+23 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3+�3
�→∞ �→∞
12 22 �2 1 12 � 22 � �2 �
lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ �3 +13 �3 +23 �3 +�3 3
�→∞ � � +1
3 �3 +23 �3 +�3
12 22 �2 1 12 � 22 � �2 �
lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt 3 + 23
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3
�→∞ �3 +13 �3 +23 �3 +�3 �→∞ � �3 1+1 �3 1+ 3 �3 1+ 3
3 � � �
12 � 22 � �2 �
12 22 �2 1 �3 �3 �3
lt �3+13 + � +23
3 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3+�3 = lt 13
+ 23
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3
�→∞ �→∞ � 1+ 3 1+ 3 1+ 3
� � �
12 22 �2
12 22 �2 1 �2 �2 �2
lt �3+13 + �3 +23
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3+�3 = lt � 13
+ 23
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3
�→∞ �→∞ 1+ 3 �3 1+ 3 1+ 3
� � �
1 2 2 2 � 2
12 22 �2 1 � � �
lt 3 3 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3 3 = lt 1 3
+ 2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � 3
�→∞ � +1 � +23
3 � +� �→∞ � 1+ 1+ 1+ �
� �
� 2
12 22 �2 1 � �
lt 3 3 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt �=1 � 3
�→∞ � +1 � +23
3 � +�3
3
�→∞ � 1+ �
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
12 22 �2 � �ℎ 2
lt �3 +13
+ �3+23 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3+�3 = lt ℎ �=1 1+ �ℎ 3
�→∞ ℎ→0
Page 5
12 22 �2 1 �2
lt �3 +13
+ �3+23 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3+�3 = 0 1+�3
��
�→∞
12 22 �2 1 1
lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = log 1 + �3
�→∞ �3 +13 �3 +23 �3 +�3 3 0
12 22 �2 1 1
lt 3 3 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3 3 = log 1+ �3 − 3 log 1 + 03
�→∞ � +1 �3 +23 � +� 3
12 22 �2 1 1
lt 3 3 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3 3 = log 1 + 1 − 3 log 1
�→∞ � +1 �3 +23 � +� 3
12 22 �2 1
lt �3+13 + �3 +23
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3+�3 = 3 log 1 + 1 − 0
�→∞
Hence,
12 22 �2 1
lt
3 +13 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 3 log 2
�→∞ � �3 +23 �3 +�3
1 �2 �2 1
4. lt + �+1 3 + �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8�
�→∞ �
1 �2 �2 1 �2 �2 �2 �2
Solution: lt
+ �+1 3 + �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt
3 + �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8�3
�→∞ � �→∞ �
1 �2 �2 1 �2 �2 �2 �2
�
lt
+ �+1 3 + �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt �+0 3
+ �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8�3
�→∞ �→∞
1 �2 �2 1 �2 �2 �2 �2
lt
+ �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt �+0 3
+ �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 3
�→∞ � �→∞
1 �2 �2 1 �2 �2 �2 �2
lt
+ �+1 3 + �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt �+0 3
+ �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �+� 3
�→∞ � �→∞
1 �2 �2 1 �2 �2 �2
lt + �+1 3 + �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt 0 3
+ 1 3
+ 2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ � �→∞ �3 1+� �3 1+� �3 1+�
�2
� 3
�3 1+�
Page 6
1 �2 �2 1 �2 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt 3 0 3
+ 1 3
+ 2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ � �+1 3 �+2 3 �→∞ � 1+ 1+ �3 1+
� � �
1
� 3
1+
�
1 �2 �2 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt 0 3
+ 1 3
+ 2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � 3
�→∞ � �→∞ � 1+ 1+ �3 1+ 1+
� � � �
1 �2 �2 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + �+1 3 + �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt � 0 3
+ 1 3
+ 2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � 3
�→∞ � �→∞ 1+ 1+ �3 1+� 1+
� � �
1 �2 �2 1 1 � 1
lt + �+1 3 + �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt �=1 � 3
�→∞ � 8� �→∞ � 1+�
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
1 �2 �2 1 7� 1
lt + �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt ℎ �=1 1+�ℎ 3
�→∞ � ℎ→0
7 1
= 0 1+� 3
��
1 −3
= 0
1+� ��
1 1
= − 2 1+� 2
0
1 1 1
=− 2 1+� 2
0
1 1 1
=− 2 1+ 1 2
− 1+0 2
1 1 1
=− 2 2 2
− 12
1 1
=− −1
2 4
1 1−4
=− 2 4
1 −3
=− 2 4
Page 7
1 �2 �2 1 3
lt + �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� =
�→∞ � 8
1 �2 −12 �2 − �−1 2
5. lt + �2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ �
1 �2 −12 �2 − �−1 2 �2 −02 �2 −12 �2 − �−1 2
Solution: lt
+ �2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
= lt �2
+ �2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ � �→∞
02 12
�2 1− 2 �2 1− 2
� �
= lt �2
+
�2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞
�−1 2
�2 1−
�2
�2
02 12 �−1 2
� 1− 2 + 1− 2 + ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 1−
� � �2
= lt �2
�→∞
02 12 �−1 2
1− 2 + 1− 2 + ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 1−
� � �2
= lt
�→∞ �
1 02 12
= lt 1−
�2
+ 1−
�2
+ ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
n→∞ n
�−1 2
1− �2
1 �−1 �2
= lt �=1
1 − �2
n→∞ n
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
1 �2 −12 �2 − �−1 2 1
lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 0
1 − �2 �� cos 2� = ���2 � − ���2 �
�→∞ � �2 �2
Page 8
1 1
0
1 − �2 �� = 0
1 − ���2 � ���� ��
1 1
0 1 − �2 �� = 0 ���2 � ���� ��
1 1
0 ��������
0
1 − �2 �� = ��
1 1
0
1 − �2 �� = 0
���2 � ��
1 1 1+���2�
0
1 − �2 �� = 0 2
��
1 1 1 1 1
0
1 − �2 �� = �� + 2 0 ���2� ��
2 0
Since we take, � = ����
1 1 1 1 ���2� 1
1 − �2 �� = � 0 +
0 2 2 2 0 � = sin−1 �
1 1 1 1 1
0
1 − �2 �� = 2 sin−1 � + ���2 sin−1 �
0 4 0
1 1 1
0
1 − �2 �� = 2 sin−1 1 − sin−1 0 + ���2 sin−1 1 − ���2 sin−1 0
4
1 1 � 1 �
0
1 − �2 �� = − 0 + 4 ���2 − ���2 0
2 2 2
1 1 � 1
0
1 − �2 �� = + sin � − 0
2 2 4
1 � 1
0
1 − �2 �� = + 0
4 4
1 �
0 1 − �2 �� =
4
Hence,
1 �2 −12 �2 − �−1 2 �
lt + �2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
=4
�→∞ �
1 �+�
6. lt
�→∞ � �−�
�
1 �+� 1 � 1+
Solution: lt = lt �
�
�
�→∞ � �−� � 1−
�
�→∞
Page 9
�
1 �+� 1 1+
�
lt = lt �
�→∞ � �−� � 1−
�
�→∞
�
1 �+� 1 � 1+
�
lt = lt �=1 �
�→∞ � �−� � 1−
�
�→∞
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
1 �+� 1 � 1+�ℎ
lt = lt � �=1 1−�ℎ
�→∞ � �−�
ℎ→0
1 �+� 1 1+�
lt = 0 1−�
��
�→∞ � �−�
Here,
1 1+� 1 1+� (1+�)
0 1−�
�� = 0 1−� (1+�)
�� Rationalizing the Numerator
1 1+�
�� = sin−1 �
1
+
1 � �� � �� =− � ��
0 1−� 0 0 1−�2
1 1+� 1 � ��
0 1−�
�� = sin−1 1 − sin−1 0 + 0
− 2
�
1 1+� � 1 � ��
0 1−�
�� = 2
− 0 − 0 �
1 1+� � 1
0 1−�
�� = 2
− 0 − 0
��
1 1+� � 1
0 1−�
�� = − 0 − � 0
2
1 1+� � 1 Since, 1 − �2 = �2 � = 1 − �2
0 1−�
�� = 2
− 0 − 1 − �2
0
Page 10
1 1+� �
0 1−�
�� = 2
− 0 − 1 − 12 − 1 − 02
1 1+� �
0 1−�
�� = 2
− 0 − − 1
1 1+� �
0 1−�
�� = 2
− −1
1 1+� �
0 1−�
�� = 2
+ 1
1 1+� �
0 1−�
�� = 2 + 1
�����,
1 �+� �
lt = 2+1
�→∞ � �−�
1
1 2 � �
7. lt 1+
�
1+
�
∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + �
�→∞
1 1
1 2 � � � � �
Solution: lt 1+
�
1+
�
∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + � = lt �=1
1+
�
(i)
�→∞ �→∞
1
� � �
Let, �= lt �=1
1+�
�→∞
1
� � �
���� = lt ��� 1 +
�→∞ �=1 �
1 �
���� = lt � ��� 1 +
�→∞ �=1 � �
1 �
���� = lt � ��� 1 +
�→∞ � �=1 �
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
�
���� = ltℎ �=1
��� 1 + �ℎ
ℎ→0
1
���� = 0
��� 1 + � ��
Here
�
��� 1 + � �� = log (1 + �) 1 �� − log 1 + � 1 �� ��
��
1
��� 1 + � �� = � log (1 + �) − 1+�
� ��
Page 11
�
��� 1 + � �� = � log (1 + �) − 1+�
��
1+�−1
��� 1 + � �� = � log (1 + �) − ��
1+�
1
��� 1 + � �� = � log (1 + �) − 1 − 1+� ��
��
��� 1 + � �� = � log (1 + �) − 1 �� + 1+�
���
1
���� = 0
��� 1 + � ��
1
���� = � log 1 + � − � + log (1 + �)
0
4
�= �
Hence,
1
1 2 � � 4
lt 1+� 1 + � ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + � = �
�→∞
1
12 22 �2 �
8. lt 1 + �2 1 + �2 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + �2
�→∞
Solution:
1 1
�
12 22 �2 � 1 2 2 2 � 2
lt 1 + �2 1 + �2 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + �2 = lt 1+ �
1+ �
∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + �
�→∞ �→∞
Page 12
1 1
�
12 22 �2 �
� � 2
lt 1+
�2
1+
�2
∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 +
�2
= lt �=1
1+ �
……. (a)
�→∞ �→∞
Let,
1
�
� � 2
� = lt �=1 1+ �
�→∞
1
�
� � 2
log � = lt �=1
log 1+ �
�→∞
� 1 � 2
log � = lt �=1 n
log 1+ �
�→∞
1 � � 2
log � = lt �=1
log 1+
�→∞ n �
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
� 2
log � = lt h �=1
log 1 + �ℎ
ℎ→0
1
log � = 0
log 1 + �2 �� …… (b)
Here,
�
log 1 + �2 �� = log 1 + �2 1 �� − ��
log 1 + �2 1 �� ��
1
log 1 + �2 �� = � log 1 + �2 − 1+�2
2� � ��
�2
log 1 + �2 �� = � log 1 + �2 − 2 1+�2
��
1+�2 −1
log 1 + �2 �� = � log 1 + �2 − 2 1+�2
��
1
log 1 + �2 �� = � log 1 + �2 − 2 1−
1+�2
��
��
log 1 + �2 �� = � log 1 + �2 − 2 1 �� + 2 1+�2
Now,
1
log � = 0
log 1 + �2 ��
1
log � = � log 1 + �2 − 2� + 2 tan−1 �
0
Page 13
log � = 1 log 1 + 12 − 21 + 2 tan−1 1 − 1 log 1 + 02 − 20 + 2 tan−1 0
�
log � = log 2 − 2 + 2 4 − log 1 − 0 + 0
2�
log � = log 2 − 2 + 4
2�
log � − log 2 = −2
4
� �
log 2 = 2 4
−1
� �−4
log = 2
2 4
� 1
log = �−4
2 2
1
�
2
= �2 �−4
1
� = 2 �2 �−4
Thus,
1
12 22 �2 � 1
lt 1+ �2
1+ �2
∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + �2
= 2 �2 �−4
�→∞
� �+�
9. lt �=1 �2 +�2
�→∞
Solution:
�
� �+� � � 1+
�
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= lt �=1 2 �2
�→∞ �→∞ � 1+ 2
�
�
� �+� � 1 1+
�
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= lt �=1 � � 2
�→∞ �→∞ 1+
�
�
� �+� 1 � 1+
�
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= lt �=1 � 2
�→∞ �→∞ � 1+
�
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
Page 14
� �+� � 1+�ℎ
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= lt ℎ �=1 1+ �ℎ 2
�→∞ ℎ→0
� �+� 1 1+�
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= 0 1+�2 ��
�→∞
� �+� 1 1 �
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= 0 1+�2
+ 1+�2 ��
�→∞
� �+� 1 �� 1 �
lt �=1 �2 +�2 = 0 1+�2 + 0 1+�2
��
�→∞
� �+� 1 1 �
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= tan−1 � + 0 1+�2
��
�→∞ 0
��
Taking � = 1 + �2 �� = 2� �� �� 2
= � ��
��
� �+� 1 1 2
lt �=1 �2 +�2 = tan−1 1 − tan−1 0 + 0 �
�→∞ 0
�+� � 1 1 1 ��
�
lt �=1 �2 +�2 = −0 +2 0 �
�→∞ 4 0
� �+� � 1 1
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= + 2 log � 0
�→∞ 4
� �+� � 1 1
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= + 2 log 1 + �2 Since � = 1 + �2
�→∞ 4 0
� �+� � 1
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= + log 1 + 12 − log 1 + 02
�→∞ 4 2
� �+� � 1
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= + 2 log 2 − log 1
�→∞ 4
� �+� � 1
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= + log 2
�→∞ 4 2
� �
10. lt �=1 �+�
�→∞ � 2�+�
Solution:
� �
lt ��=1 = lt �
�=1 � 1+�
�→∞ �+� � 2�+� �→∞ � 2�+�
�
� � � 1
lt �=1 �+�
= lt �=1
�→∞ � 2�+� �→∞ �
1+� �� 2+�
�
1
� � �
lt �=1 �+�
= lt �=1 1
�
Multiplying both numerator and
�→∞ � 2�+� �→∞ 1+
�
�� 2+�
�
1
� � denominator by
�
Page 15
1
� � �
lt �=1 �+� = lt �=1
�
� 2�+�
�→∞ �→∞ �
1+
�
1� �� 2+�
�
1
� � �
lt �=1 �+�
= lt �=1
�
�→∞ � 2�+� �→∞ �
1+
�
1
�� 2+
�
�
�2
1
� � �
lt �=1 �+�
= lt �=1
�
�→∞ � 2�+� �→∞ �
1+
��
2+
�
� �2 �
1
� � �
lt �=1 �+� = lt �=1
�
�→∞ � 2�+� �→∞ �
1+
�
2+
�
� � �
� � � 1 1
lt �=1 �+�
= lt �=1 �
�→∞ � 2�+� �→∞ 1+
� �
2+
�
� � �
� � 1 � 1
lt �=1 �+� = lt �=1
�→∞ � 2�+� �→∞ � 1+
� �
2+
�
� � �
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
� � � 1
lt �=1 �+�
= lt ℎ �=1
�→∞ � 2�+� ℎ→� 1+�ℎ �ℎ 2+�ℎ
� � 1 1
lt = 0 1+� �(2+�) �� 2
�→∞ �=1 �+� � 2�+� �+1 = �2 + 2� + 1
� � 1 1 2
lt �=1 �+�
= 0 1+� �� �+1 − 1 = �2 + 2�
�→∞ � 2�+� (2�+�2 )
� � 1 1
And
lt �=1 �+�
= 0 1+� ��
�→∞ � 2�+� (�2 +2�)
�� 1 �
= sec−1
lt � �
=
1 1
�� � �2 − �2 a �
�→∞ �=1 �+� � 2�+� 0 1+� �+1 2 −12
� � 1
lt �=1 �+� = sec−1 (1 + �)
�→∞ � 2�+� 0
� �
lt �=1 �+�
= sec−1 1 + 1 − sec−1 (1 + 0)
�→∞ � 2�+�
� �
lt �=1 �+� = sec−1 2 − sec−1 1
�→∞ � 2�+�
� � �
lt �=1 �+�
=3−0
�→∞ � 2�+�
� � �
lt �=1 �+�
=3
�→∞ � 2�+�
Page 16
1 1 1 1
11. lt
�
+ �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3�
�→∞
Solution:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = lt + �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �+2�
�→∞ � �→∞ �+0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = lt 0 + 1 + 2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�
�→∞ � �→∞ � 1+ � 1+ � 1+ � 1+
� � � �
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt�
+ �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = lt� 0 + 1 + 2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�
�→∞ �→∞ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+
� � � �
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt 0 + 1 + 2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�
�→∞ � �+1 �+2 3� �→∞ � 1+� 1+� 1+� 1+ �
1 1 1 1 1 2� 1
lt + �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = lt �=1 1+� �
� �
�→∞ �→∞ � Substituting �
= ℎ and 2� = �
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
1 1 1 1 2� 1
lt�
+ �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = lt ℎ �=0 1+�ℎ
�→∞ ℎ→0
1 1 1 1 2 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 0 1+�
��
�→∞ � �+1 �+2 3�
1 1 1 1 2
lt � + �+1 + �+2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3�
= log (1 + �) 0
�→∞
1 1 1 1
lt + �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = log 1 + 2 − log (1 + 0)
�→∞ �
1 1 1 1
lt + �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = log 3 − log 1
�→∞ �
1 1 1 1
lt + �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = log 3
�→∞ �
1 1 1
12. lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ � �
Solution:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = lt + 2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �
�→∞ � 2 �→∞ � 1
Page 17
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ � 2 � �→∞ � �
1
�
2
� �
�
� �
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ � � �→∞ � � 1 2 �
� � �
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt � + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ � � �→∞ � 1 2 �
� � �
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ � 2 �→∞ � 1 2 �
� � �
1 1 1 1 � 1
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt �=1 �
�→∞ � 2 � �→∞ �
�
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
1 1 1 � 1
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt ℎ �=1 �ℎ
�→∞ � � ℎ→0
1 1 1 1 1
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 0 �
��
�→∞ � 2 �
1 1 1 1 1
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 0 �1 2
��
�→∞ � �
1 1 1 1 −1
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 0 �
2 ��
�→∞ � �
1 1
− +1
1 1 1 � 2
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = 1
�→∞ � 2 − +1
2 0
1 1
1 1 1 �2
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 1
�→∞ � �
2 0
1 1
1 1 1
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 2 �2
�→∞ � 2 �
0
1 1
1 1 1
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 2 12 − 02
�→∞ � �
1 1 1
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 21
�→∞ � 2 �
Page 18
1 1 1
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ =2
�→∞ � �
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�
13. lt
� �
�→∞
Solution:
1 2 �
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1 � 1+ + � 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � 1+�
� �
lt = lt
�→∞ � � �→∞ � �
1 2 �
� 1+� + 1+� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 1+
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1 �
lt = lt
�→∞ � � �→∞ � �
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1 1 2 �
lt = lt 1+� + 1 + � +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 1+�
�→∞ � � �→∞ �
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1 � �
lt = lt �=1
1+
�→∞ � � �→∞ � �
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� �
lt = lt ℎ �=1
1 + �ℎ
�→∞ � � ℎ→0
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1
lt = 0
1 + � ��
�→∞ � �
1 1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�
lt = 0 1 + � 2 ��
�→∞ � �
1 1
+1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1+� 2
lt = 1
�→∞ � � +1
2 0
3 1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1+� 2
lt � �
= 3
�→∞
2 0
Page 19
3 1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 2
lt � �
= 3
1+� 2
�→∞ 0
3 1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 2
lt � �
= 3
1+� 2
�→∞ 0
3 3
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 2
lt = 1+1 2 − 1+0 2
�→∞ � � 3
3 3
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 2
lt = 22 − 12
�→∞ � � 3
3
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 2
lt = 22 − 1
�→∞ � � 3
3
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 2 22 2
lt � �
= 3
−3
�→∞
3
+1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 22 2
lt � �
= 3
−3
�→∞
5
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 22 2
lt = 3
−3
�→∞ � �
4+1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 2 2 2
lt = −3
�→∞ � � 3
4 1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 22 22 2
lt = 3
−3
�→∞ � �
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 22 2 2
lt = −3
�→∞ � � 3
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 4 2 2
lt � �
= 3
−3
�→∞
1
�! �
14. lt �
�→∞ �
Solution:
1
�! �
Let S = lt
��
�→∞
Page 20
1
�! �
log S = lt log
�→∞ ��
1 �!
log S = lt � log ��
�→∞
Here,
�! = � � − 1 � − 2 � − 3 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 3 2 1
Now
1 �!
log S = lt � log ��
�→∞
1 1 2 3 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ �
log S = lt log
�→∞ � ���∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ �
1 1 2 3 �
log S = lt log
�
� � �
∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ �
�→∞
1 1 2 3 �
log S = lt log + log + log +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ log
�→∞ � � � � �
1 � �
log S = lt �=1
log
�→∞ � �
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
�
log S = ltℎ �=1
log �ℎ
ℎ→0
1
log � = 0 log � ��
1
log � = �( log � − 1) 0
log � = 0 − 1
log � =− 1
� = �−1
1
�=�
Page 21
Hence,
1
�! � 1
lt � =
�→∞ � �
Solution:
1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10 1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10
lt �11
= lt
�→∞ �→∞ � �10
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
1
1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10 �11
lt =
�→∞ �11 11 0
Hence,
Page 22
1 1 1 1
16. lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33
Solution:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 �→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 �2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 � �→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33
1
2�2 −�2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 �→∞ 2� 12 4� 22 6� 32
�2 2 − 2 �2 2 − 2 �2 2− 2
� � � � � �
1
2�2 �2
�2 2 − 2
� �
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 � �→∞ 2 1 2 4 2 2 6 3 2
� − � − � −
� � � � � �
2� � 2
� − �
�
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 �→∞ � 2 1 2 2 2 6 3 2
4
− − −
� � � � � �
2� � 2
�
− �
Page 23
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 � �→∞ � 2 1 2 4 2 2 6 3 2
− − −
� � � � � �
2� � 2
− �
�
1 1 1 1 1 � 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt �=1
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 � �→∞ � 2� � 2
−
� �
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
1 1 1 1 � 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt ℎ �=1
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 � ℎ→0 2�ℎ− �ℎ 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = 0 2�−�2
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33
1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 0 1− �−1 2
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 �
1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = sin−1 � − 1
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 � 0
1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = sin−1 1 − 1 − sin−1 0 − 1
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33
1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�
= sin−1 0 − sin−1 −1
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33
1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 0 + sin−1 1
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 �
1 1 1 1 �
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ =
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 � 2
�2 �2 �2 �2
17. lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
�→∞
Solution:
�2 �2 �2 �2 �2 �2 �2 �2
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�+3� 3
�→∞ �→∞
Page 24
�2 �2 �2 �2 �2 �2 �2
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt 3 + 3 + 3 +∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ 2�+3 3 2�+6 3 2�+9 3 5� 3 �→∞ 2� 3 2� 6 2� 9
� + � + � +
� � � � � �
�2
3
2� 3�
� +
� �
�2 �2 �2 �2 �2 1 1 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= lt 3 3 3
+ 6 3
+ 9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� 3
�→∞ �→∞ � 2+� 2+� 2+� 2+ �
�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt 3 3
+ 6 3
+ 9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� 3
�→∞ 2�+3 3 2�+6 3 2�+9 3 5� 3 �→∞ � 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+
� � � �
�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= lt 1 3 3
+ 6 3
+ 9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� 3
�→∞ �→∞ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+
� � � � �
�2 �2 �2 �2 1 � 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= lt �=1 3� 3
�→∞ �→∞ � 2+
�
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
�2 �2 �2 �2 1 � 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= lt �=1 2+3�ℎ 3
�→∞ ℎ→0 �
�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= 0 2+3� 3
��
�→∞
�2 �2 �2 �2 1 −3
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= 0
2 + 3� ��
�→∞
�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= − 2 2+� 2
�→∞ 0
�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
=− 2 2+3� 2 0
�→∞
�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
=− 2 2 − 2
�→∞
2+31 2+30
�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
=− 2 52
− 22
�→∞
�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
=− 2 25
−4
�→∞
Page 25
�2 �2 �2 �2 7
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= 200
�→∞
Solution:
1 2 �
�+1 �+2 �+� � 1+ � 2+ � 1+
� � �
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = lt 12
+ 22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �→∞ �2 1+ �2 1+ 2 �2 1+ 2
�2 � �
1 2 �
�+1 �+2 �+� � 1+ 2+ 1+�
� �
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = lt 12
+ 22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �→∞ �
2
1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ 2
� � �
1 2 �
�+1 �+2 �+� 1 1+ 2+ 1+�
� �
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = lt 12
+ 22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � 2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �→∞ � 1+ 2 1+ 2 1+
� � �
�
�+1 �+2 �+� 1 � 1+
�
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = lt �=1 � 2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �→∞ � 1+ �
1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0
Page 26
�+1 �+2 �+� � 1
lt 2 2 + �2+22 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = 4 + log 2
�→∞ � +1 2
Page 27