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Series represented by Definite Integrals

(Definite Integral as the Limit of a sum)

������ �� �ℎ�������� ����������

The Following Series are fully solved

Evaluate:
1 1 1
1. lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ �+� �+2� �+��
� � �
2. lt �2+12 + �2+22 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2
�→∞
12 22 �2
3. lt � 3 +13 + �3 +23 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�3
�→∞
1 �2 �2 1
4. lt � + �+1 3 + �+2 3 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8�
�→∞
1 �2 −12 �2 − �−1 2
5. lt + �2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ �
1 �+�
6. lt
�→∞ � �−�
1
1 2 � �
7. lt 1+

1+

∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + �
�→∞
1
12 22 �2 �
8. lt 1 + �2 1 + �2 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + �2
�→∞
� �+�
9. lt �=1 �2 +�2
�→∞
� �
10. lt �=1 �+�
�→∞ � 2�+�
1 1 1 1
11. lt

+ �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3�
�→∞
1 1 1
12. lt

1 + 2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+

�→∞
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�
13. lt
� �
�→∞
1
�! �
14. lt �
�→∞ �
1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10
15. lt
�11
�→∞
1 1 1 1
16. lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+

�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33
�2 �2 �2 �2
17. lt 3 + 2�+6 3 + 2�+9 3 +∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
�→∞ 2�+3
�+1 �+2 �+�
18. lt + �2+22 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2
�→∞ �2 +12

Page 1
Preface________________________________________________________________________

This E-book is designed for the use of students preparing for different Examinations.

The main features of the E-book are:-

i. The E-book acts simultaneously as a guide book.

ii. All the fundamental concepts have been inserted.

iii. A fairly large number of examples have been worked out properly.

iv. Exercises are graded and fully solved.

v. The E-book will serve as a valuable guide for various competitive Examinations.

Any notice of errors and any suggestions for improvement of this E-book will be thankfully
received.

Shelbistar Marbaniang

Contact us : marbashel@gmail.com

Evaluate:

Page 2
1 1 1
1. lt �+�
+ �+2� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �+��
�→∞

1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution: lt + �+2� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �+�� = lt � + 2� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ ��
�→∞ �+� �→∞ � 1+ � 1+ � 1+ �
� �

1 1 1 1
= lt � + 2� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ ��
�→∞ � 1+ 1+ � 1+
� �

1 1 1 1
= lt � + 2� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ ��
�→∞ � 1+ � 1+ 1+ �

1 � 1
= lt �=1 1+� �
�→∞ �

1 � 1
= lt �=1 1+�� 1
�→∞ �

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

Now,
1 1 1 � 1
lt + �+2� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �+�� = lt ℎ �=1 1+��ℎ
�→∞ �+� ℎ→0

1 1
= 0 1+��
��

Taking 1 + �� = � and differentiating w.r.t, we get


� ��
��
1 + �� = ��

� �� ��
��
1 + � �� = ��

��
� = ��

��
 �� = �

Thus,
1 1 1 ��
0 1+��
�� = 0 ��

1 1 1 1 ��
0 1+�� �� =� 0 �

1 1 1 1
0 1+�� �� = � ���� 0

1 1 1 1
0 1+�� �� = � log (1 + ��)
0
Since 1 + �� = �

Page 3
1 1 1
0 1+��
�� = log 1 + �1 − log (1 + �0)

1 1 1
0 1+��
�� = log 1 + � − log (1 + 0)

1 1 1
0 1+��
�� = log 1 + � − log 1

1 1 1
0 1+��
�� = log 1 + � − 0

1 1 1
0 1+��
�� = log 1+�

�����,
1 1 1 1
lt �+�
+ �+2� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �+�� = � log 1 + �
�→∞

� � �
2. lt �2 +12 +
�2 +22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�2 +�2
�→∞

Solution:
� � � � � �
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt 2 + 22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �2 +�2 �→∞ �2 1+1 �2 1+ 2 �2 1+ 2
�2 � �

� � � � 1 1 1
lt 2 2 + �2+22 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = lt 2 12
+ 22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ � +1 �→∞ � 1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ 2
� � �

� � � 1 1 1 1
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt 12
+ 22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �2 +�2 �→∞ � 1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ 2
� � �

� � � 1 1 1 1
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt 12
+ 22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � 2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �2 +�2 �→∞ � 1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ �
� �

� � � 1 � 1
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt �=1 � 2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �2 +�2 �→∞ � 1+ �

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

� � � � 1
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt ℎ �=1 1+ �ℎ 2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �2 +�2 ℎ→0

� � � 1 1
lt 2 2 + �2+22 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = 0 1+�2 ��
�→∞ � +1

� � � 1
lt �2 +12 +
�2 +22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�2 +�2
= tan−1 �
�→∞ 0
� � �
lt 2 2 + �2 +22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = tan−1 1 − tan−1 0
�→∞ � +1

Page 4
� � � �
lt 2 +12 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = − 0
�→∞ � �2 +22 �2 +�2 2

Hence,
� � � �
lt 2 2 + �2+22 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = 2
�→∞ � +1

12 22 �2
3. lt
�3 +13 +
�3 +23
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�3
�→∞

Solution:
12 22 �2 12 22 �2

lt
3 +13 + �3 +23 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�3 = lt �3 +13 + �3+23 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3+�3
�→∞ �→∞

12 22 �2 1 12 � 22 � �2 �
lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ �3 +13 �3 +23 �3 +�3 3
�→∞ � � +1
3 �3 +23 �3 +�3

12 22 �2 1 12 � 22 � �2 �
lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt 3 + 23
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3
�→∞ �3 +13 �3 +23 �3 +�3 �→∞ � �3 1+1 �3 1+ 3 �3 1+ 3
3 � � �

12 � 22 � �2 �
12 22 �2 1 �3 �3 �3
lt �3+13 + � +23
3 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3+�3 = lt 13
+ 23
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3
�→∞ �→∞ � 1+ 3 1+ 3 1+ 3
� � �

12 22 �2
12 22 �2 1 �2 �2 �2
lt �3+13 + �3 +23
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3+�3 = lt � 13
+ 23
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3
�→∞ �→∞ 1+ 3 �3 1+ 3 1+ 3
� � �

1 2 2 2 � 2
12 22 �2 1 � � �
lt 3 3 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3 3 = lt 1 3
+ 2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � 3
�→∞ � +1 � +23
3 � +� �→∞ � 1+ 1+ 1+ �
� �

� 2
12 22 �2 1 � �
lt 3 3 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt �=1 � 3
�→∞ � +1 � +23
3 � +�3
3
�→∞ � 1+ �

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

12 22 �2 � �ℎ 2
lt �3 +13
+ �3+23 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3+�3 = lt ℎ �=1 1+ �ℎ 3
�→∞ ℎ→0

Page 5
12 22 �2 1 �2
lt �3 +13
+ �3+23 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3+�3 = 0 1+�3
��
�→∞
12 22 �2 1 1
lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = log 1 + �3
�→∞ �3 +13 �3 +23 �3 +�3 3 0
12 22 �2 1 1
lt 3 3 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3 3 = log 1+ �3 − 3 log 1 + 03
�→∞ � +1 �3 +23 � +� 3
12 22 �2 1 1
lt 3 3 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3 3 = log 1 + 1 − 3 log 1
�→∞ � +1 �3 +23 � +� 3
12 22 �2 1
lt �3+13 + �3 +23
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �3+�3 = 3 log 1 + 1 − 0
�→∞

Hence,
12 22 �2 1
lt
3 +13 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 3 log 2
�→∞ � �3 +23 �3 +�3

1 �2 �2 1
4. lt + �+1 3 + �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8�
�→∞ �

1 �2 �2 1 �2 �2 �2 �2
Solution: lt
+ �+1 3 + �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt
3 + �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8�3
�→∞ � �→∞ �

1 �2 �2 1 �2 �2 �2 �2

lt
+ �+1 3 + �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt �+0 3
+ �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8�3
�→∞ �→∞

1 �2 �2 1 �2 �2 �2 �2
lt
+ �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt �+0 3
+ �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 3
�→∞ � �→∞

1 �2 �2 1 �2 �2 �2 �2
lt
+ �+1 3 + �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt �+0 3
+ �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �+� 3
�→∞ � �→∞

1 �2 �2 1 �2 �2 �2
lt + �+1 3 + �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt 0 3
+ 1 3
+ 2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ � �→∞ �3 1+� �3 1+� �3 1+�

�2
� 3
�3 1+�

Page 6
1 �2 �2 1 �2 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt 3 0 3
+ 1 3
+ 2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ � �+1 3 �+2 3 �→∞ � 1+ 1+ �3 1+
� � �

1
� 3
1+

1 �2 �2 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt 0 3
+ 1 3
+ 2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � 3
�→∞ � �→∞ � 1+ 1+ �3 1+ 1+
� � � �

1 �2 �2 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + �+1 3 + �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt � 0 3
+ 1 3
+ 2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � 3
�→∞ � �→∞ 1+ 1+ �3 1+� 1+
� � �

1 �2 �2 1 1 � 1
lt + �+1 3 + �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt �=1 � 3
�→∞ � 8� �→∞ � 1+�

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

1 �2 �2 1 7� 1
lt + �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� = lt ℎ �=1 1+�ℎ 3
�→∞ � ℎ→0

7 1
= 0 1+� 3
��

1 −3
= 0
1+� ��

1 1
= − 2 1+� 2
0

1 1 1
=− 2 1+� 2
0

1 1 1
=− 2 1+ 1 2
− 1+0 2

1 1 1
=− 2 2 2
− 12
1 1
=− −1
2 4

1 1−4
=− 2 4

1 −3
=− 2 4

Page 7
1 �2 �2 1 3
 lt + �+1 3
+ �+2 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 8� =
�→∞ � 8

1 �2 −12 �2 − �−1 2
5. lt + �2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ �
1 �2 −12 �2 − �−1 2 �2 −02 �2 −12 �2 − �−1 2
Solution: lt
+ �2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
= lt �2
+ �2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ � �→∞
02 12
�2 1− 2 �2 1− 2
� �
= lt �2
+
�2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞

�−1 2
�2 1−
�2
�2

02 12 �−1 2
� 1− 2 + 1− 2 + ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 1−
� � �2
= lt �2
�→∞

02 12 �−1 2
1− 2 + 1− 2 + ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 1−
� � �2
= lt
�→∞ �

1 02 12
= lt 1−
�2
+ 1−
�2
+ ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
n→∞ n

�−1 2
1− �2

1 �−1 �2
= lt �=1
1 − �2
n→∞ n

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

1 �2 −12 �2 − �−1 2 �−1 2


lt + �2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
= lt h �=1 1 − �ℎ
�→∞ � h→0

1 �2 −12 �2 − �−1 2 1
lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 0
1 − �2 �� cos 2� = ���2 � − ���2 �
�→∞ � �2 �2

Here, cos 2� = ���2 � − 1 − ���2 �

cos 2� = ���2 � − 1 + ���2 �


Taking � = ���� ,  �� = ���� ��
1 + cos 2� = 2 ���2 �
Now,
1+���2�
���2 � =
2

Page 8
1 1
0
1 − �2 �� = 0
1 − ���2 � ���� ��

1 1
0 1 − �2 �� = 0 ���2 � ���� ��

1 1
0 ��������
0
1 − �2 �� = ��

1 1
0
1 − �2 �� = 0
���2 � ��

1 1 1+���2�
0
1 − �2 �� = 0 2
��

1 1 1 1 1
0
1 − �2 �� = �� + 2 0 ���2� ��
2 0
Since we take, � = ����
1 1 1 1 ���2� 1
1 − �2 �� = � 0 +
0 2 2 2 0  � = sin−1 �
1 1 1 1 1
0
1 − �2 �� = 2 sin−1 � + ���2 sin−1 �
0 4 0

1 1 1
0
1 − �2 �� = 2 sin−1 1 − sin−1 0 + ���2 sin−1 1 − ���2 sin−1 0
4

1 1 � 1 �
0
1 − �2 �� = − 0 + 4 ���2 − ���2 0
2 2 2

1 1 � 1
0
1 − �2 �� =  + sin � − 0
2 2 4

1 � 1
0
1 − �2 �� = + 0
4 4

1 �
0 1 − �2 �� =
4

Hence,

1 �2 −12 �2 − �−1 2 �
lt + �2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
=4
�→∞ �

1 �+�
6. lt
�→∞ � �−�


1 �+� 1 � 1+
Solution: lt = lt �


�→∞ � �−� � 1−

�→∞

Page 9

1 �+� 1 1+

lt = lt �
�→∞ � �−� � 1−

�→∞

1 �+� 1 � 1+

lt = lt �=1 �
�→∞ � �−� � 1−

�→∞

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

1 �+� 1 � 1+�ℎ
lt = lt � �=1 1−�ℎ
�→∞ � �−�
ℎ→0

1 �+� 1 1+�
lt = 0 1−�
��
�→∞ � �−�

Here,
1 1+� 1 1+� (1+�)
0 1−�
�� = 0 1−� (1+�)
�� Rationalizing the Numerator

1 1+� 1 1+� (1+�)


0 1−�
�� = 0 ��
1−� 1+�
1 1+� 1 1+� 2
0 1−�
�� = 0 ��
1−�2
1 1+� 1 1+�
0 1−�
�� = 0 1−�2
��
1 1+� 1 1 1 �
Taking, 1 − �2 = �2
0 1−�
�� = 0 1−�2
�� + 0 1−�2
��
−2� �� = 2� ��

1 1+�
�� = sin−1 �
1
+
1 � �� � �� =− � ��
0 1−� 0 0 1−�2

1 1+� 1 � ��
0 1−�
�� = sin−1 1 − sin−1 0 + 0
− 2

1 1+� � 1 � ��
0 1−�
�� = 2
− 0 − 0 �

1 1+� � 1
0 1−�
�� = 2
− 0 − 0
��
1 1+� � 1
0 1−�
�� = − 0 − � 0
2

1 1+� � 1 Since, 1 − �2 = �2  � = 1 − �2
0 1−�
�� = 2
− 0 − 1 − �2
0

Page 10
1 1+� �
0 1−�
�� = 2
− 0 − 1 − 12 − 1 − 02

1 1+� �
0 1−�
�� = 2
− 0 − − 1

1 1+� �
0 1−�
�� = 2
− −1

1 1+� �
0 1−�
�� = 2
+ 1

1 1+� �
0 1−�
�� = 2 + 1
�����,

1 �+� �
lt = 2+1
�→∞ � �−�

1
1 2 � �
7. lt 1+

1+

∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + �
�→∞
1 1
1 2 � � � � �
Solution: lt 1+

1+

∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + � = lt �=1
1+

(i)
�→∞ �→∞

1
� � �
Let, �= lt �=1
1+�
�→∞
1
� � �
���� = lt ��� 1 +
�→∞ �=1 �
1 �
���� = lt � ��� 1 +
�→∞ �=1 � �
1 �
���� = lt � ��� 1 +
�→∞ � �=1 �

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0


���� = ltℎ �=1
��� 1 + �ℎ
ℎ→0

1
���� = 0
��� 1 + � ��

Here

��� 1 + � �� = log (1 + �) 1 �� − log 1 + � 1 �� ��
��

1
��� 1 + � �� = � log (1 + �) − 1+�
 � ��

Page 11

��� 1 + � �� = � log (1 + �) − 1+�
��

1+�−1
��� 1 + � �� = � log (1 + �) − ��
1+�

1
��� 1 + � �� = � log (1 + �) − 1 − 1+� ��

��
��� 1 + � �� = � log (1 + �) − 1 �� + 1+�

��� 1 + � �� = � log (1 + �) − � + log (1 + �)

���
1
���� = 0
��� 1 + � ��

1
���� = � log 1 + � − � + log (1 + �)
0

���� = 1 log 1 + 1 − 1 + log 1 + 1 − 0 log 1 + 0 − 0 + log (1 + 0)


n log � = log ��
���� = 1 log 1 + 1 − 1 + log 1 + 1 − log 1
log � = 1
���� = log 2 − 1 + log 2 − 0
All terms are in log functions, hence
we take
���� = 2 log 2 − log � log � = 1

���� = log 4 − log � log � − log � = log




4
���� = log �

4
 �= �

Hence,
1
1 2 � � 4
lt 1+� 1 + � ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + � = �
�→∞

1
12 22 �2 �
8. lt 1 + �2 1 + �2 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + �2
�→∞

Solution:
1 1

12 22 �2 � 1 2 2 2 � 2
lt 1 + �2 1 + �2 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + �2 = lt 1+ �
1+ �
∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + �
�→∞ �→∞

Page 12
1 1

12 22 �2 �
� � 2
lt 1+
�2
1+
�2
∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 +
�2
= lt �=1
1+ �
……. (a)
�→∞ �→∞

Let,
1

� � 2
� = lt �=1 1+ �
�→∞
1

� � 2
log � = lt �=1
log 1+ �
�→∞

� 1 � 2
log � = lt �=1 n
log 1+ �
�→∞
1 � � 2
log � = lt �=1
log 1+
�→∞ n �

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

� 2
log � = lt h �=1
log 1 + �ℎ
ℎ→0

1
log � = 0
log 1 + �2 �� …… (b)

Here,

log 1 + �2 �� = log 1 + �2 1 �� − ��
log 1 + �2 1 �� ��

1
log 1 + �2 �� = � log 1 + �2 − 1+�2
 2�  � ��

�2
log 1 + �2 �� = � log 1 + �2 − 2 1+�2
��

1+�2 −1
log 1 + �2 �� = � log 1 + �2 − 2 1+�2
��

1
log 1 + �2 �� = � log 1 + �2 − 2 1−
1+�2
��

��
log 1 + �2 �� = � log 1 + �2 − 2 1 �� + 2 1+�2

log 1 + �2 �� = � log 1 + �2 − 2� + 2 tan−1 �

Now,
1
log � = 0
log 1 + �2 ��

1
log � = � log 1 + �2 − 2� + 2 tan−1 �
0

Page 13
log � = 1 log 1 + 12 − 21 + 2 tan−1 1 − 1 log 1 + 02 − 20 + 2 tan−1 0


log � = log 2 − 2 + 2 4 − log 1 − 0 + 0

2�
log � = log 2 − 2 + 4

2�
log � − log 2 = −2
4

� �
log 2 = 2 4
−1

� �−4
log = 2
2 4

� 1
log = �−4
2 2

1

2
= �2 �−4

1
� = 2 �2 �−4

Thus,
1
12 22 �2 � 1
lt 1+ �2
1+ �2
∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 1 + �2
= 2 �2 �−4
�→∞

� �+�
9. lt �=1 �2 +�2
�→∞

Solution:

� �+� � � 1+

lt �=1 �2 +�2
= lt �=1 2 �2
�→∞ �→∞ � 1+ 2


� �+� � 1 1+

lt �=1 �2 +�2
= lt �=1 � � 2
�→∞ �→∞ 1+


� �+� 1 � 1+

lt �=1 �2 +�2
= lt �=1 � 2
�→∞ �→∞ � 1+

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

Page 14
� �+� � 1+�ℎ
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= lt ℎ �=1 1+ �ℎ 2
�→∞ ℎ→0

� �+� 1 1+�
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= 0 1+�2 ��
�→∞

� �+� 1 1 �
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= 0 1+�2
+ 1+�2 ��
�→∞

� �+� 1 �� 1 �
lt �=1 �2 +�2 = 0 1+�2 + 0 1+�2
��
�→∞

� �+� 1 1 �
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= tan−1 � + 0 1+�2
��
�→∞ 0

��
Taking � = 1 + �2  �� = 2� �� �� 2
= � ��

��
� �+� 1 1 2
lt �=1 �2 +�2 = tan−1 1 − tan−1 0 + 0 �
�→∞ 0

�+� � 1 1 1 ��

lt �=1 �2 +�2 = −0 +2 0 �
�→∞ 4 0

� �+� � 1 1
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= + 2 log � 0
�→∞ 4

� �+� � 1 1
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= + 2 log 1 + �2 Since � = 1 + �2
�→∞ 4 0

� �+� � 1
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= + log 1 + 12 − log 1 + 02
�→∞ 4 2

� �+� � 1
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= + 2 log 2 − log 1
�→∞ 4

� �+� � 1
lt �=1 �2 +�2
= + log 2
�→∞ 4 2

� �
10. lt �=1 �+�
�→∞ � 2�+�
Solution:
� �
lt ��=1 = lt �
�=1 � 1+�
�→∞ �+� � 2�+� �→∞ � 2�+�

� � � 1
lt �=1 �+�
= lt �=1
�→∞ � 2�+� �→∞ �
1+� �� 2+�

1
� � �
lt �=1 �+�
= lt �=1 1

Multiplying both numerator and
�→∞ � 2�+� �→∞ 1+

�� 2+�

1
� � denominator by

Page 15
1
� � �
lt �=1 �+� = lt �=1

� 2�+�
�→∞ �→∞ �
1+

1� �� 2+�

1
� � �
lt �=1 �+�
= lt �=1

�→∞ � 2�+� �→∞ �
1+

 1
 �� 2+


�2
1
� � �
lt �=1 �+�
= lt �=1

�→∞ � 2�+� �→∞ �
1+
��
2+

� �2 �
1
� � �
lt �=1 �+� = lt �=1

�→∞ � 2�+� �→∞ �
1+

2+

� � �
� � � 1 1
lt �=1 �+�
= lt �=1 �
�→∞ � 2�+� �→∞ 1+
� �
2+

� � �
� � 1 � 1
lt �=1 �+� = lt �=1
�→∞ � 2�+� �→∞ � 1+
� �
2+

� � �

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

� � � 1
lt �=1 �+�
= lt ℎ �=1
�→∞ � 2�+� ℎ→� 1+�ℎ �ℎ 2+�ℎ

� � 1 1
lt = 0 1+� �(2+�) �� 2
�→∞ �=1 �+� � 2�+� �+1 = �2 + 2� + 1
� � 1 1 2
lt �=1 �+�
= 0 1+� �� �+1 − 1 = �2 + 2�
�→∞ � 2�+� (2�+�2 )

� � 1 1
And
lt �=1 �+�
= 0 1+� ��
�→∞ � 2�+� (�2 +2�)
�� 1 �
= sec−1
lt � �
=
1 1
�� � �2 − �2 a �
�→∞ �=1 �+� � 2�+� 0 1+� �+1 2 −12

� � 1
lt �=1 �+� = sec−1 (1 + �)
�→∞ � 2�+� 0

� �
lt �=1 �+�
= sec−1 1 + 1 − sec−1 (1 + 0)
�→∞ � 2�+�

� �
lt �=1 �+� = sec−1 2 − sec−1 1
�→∞ � 2�+�

� � �
lt �=1 �+�
=3−0
�→∞ � 2�+�

� � �
lt �=1 �+�
=3
�→∞ � 2�+�

Page 16
1 1 1 1
11. lt

+ �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3�
�→∞

Solution:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = lt + �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �+2�
�→∞ � �→∞ �+0

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = lt 0 + 1 + 2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�
�→∞ � �→∞ � 1+ � 1+ � 1+ � 1+
� � � �

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt�
+ �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = lt� 0 + 1 + 2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�
�→∞ �→∞ 1+ 1+ 1+ 1+
� � � �

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt 0 + 1 + 2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�
�→∞ � �+1 �+2 3� �→∞ � 1+� 1+� 1+� 1+ �

1 1 1 1 1 2� 1
lt + �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = lt �=1 1+� �
� �
�→∞ �→∞ � Substituting �
= ℎ and 2� = �

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

1 1 1 1 2� 1
lt�
+ �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = lt ℎ �=0 1+�ℎ
�→∞ ℎ→0

1 1 1 1 2 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 0 1+�
��
�→∞ � �+1 �+2 3�
1 1 1 1 2
lt � + �+1 + �+2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3�
= log (1 + �) 0
�→∞

1 1 1 1
lt + �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = log 1 + 2 − log (1 + 0)
�→∞ �

1 1 1 1
lt + �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = log 3 − log 1
�→∞ �

1 1 1 1
lt + �+1 + �+2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� = log 3
�→∞ �

1 1 1
12. lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ � �

Solution:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = lt + 2 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �
�→∞ � 2 �→∞ � 1

Page 17
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ � 2 � �→∞ � �
1
�
2
� �

� �

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ � � �→∞ � � 1 2 �
� � �

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt  � + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ � � �→∞ � 1 2 �
� � �

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = lt + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ � 2 �→∞ � 1 2 �
� � �

1 1 1 1 � 1
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt �=1 �
�→∞ � 2 � �→∞ �

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

1 1 1 � 1
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt ℎ �=1 �ℎ
�→∞ � � ℎ→0

1 1 1 1 1
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 0 �
��
�→∞ � 2 �

1 1 1 1 1
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 0 �1 2
��
�→∞ � �

1 1 1 1 −1
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 0 �
2 ��
�→∞ � �

1 1
− +1
1 1 1 � 2
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = 1
�→∞ � 2 − +1
2 0
1 1
1 1 1 �2
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 1
�→∞ � �
2 0

1 1
1 1 1
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 2 �2
�→∞ � 2 �
0

1 1
1 1 1
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 2 12 − 02
�→∞ � �

1 1 1
lt 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 21
�→∞ � 2 �

Page 18
1 1 1
lt 1+ 2
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ =2
�→∞ � �

�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�
13. lt
� �
�→∞

Solution:

�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1 �+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�


lt = lt
�→∞ � � �→∞ � �

�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1 �+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �+�


lt = lt
�→∞ � � �→∞ � �

1 2 �
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1 � 1+ + � 1+ +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � 1+�
� �
lt = lt
�→∞ � � �→∞ � �

1 2 �
� 1+� + 1+� +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 1+
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1 �
lt = lt
�→∞ � � �→∞ � �

�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1 1 2 �
lt = lt 1+� + 1 + � +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 1+�
�→∞ � � �→∞ �

�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1 � �
lt = lt �=1
1+
�→∞ � � �→∞ � �

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� �
lt = lt ℎ �=1
1 + �ℎ
�→∞ � � ℎ→0

�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1
lt = 0
1 + � ��
�→∞ � �

1 1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�
lt = 0 1 + � 2 ��
�→∞ � �
1 1
+1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1+� 2
lt = 1
�→∞ � � +1
2 0

3 1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 1+� 2
lt � �
= 3
�→∞
2 0

Page 19
3 1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 2
lt � �
= 3
1+� 2
�→∞ 0

3 1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 2
lt � �
= 3
1+� 2
�→∞ 0

3 3
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 2
lt = 1+1 2 − 1+0 2
�→∞ � � 3

3 3
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 2
lt = 22 − 12
�→∞ � � 3

3
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 2
lt = 22 − 1
�→∞ � � 3

3
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 2 22 2
lt � �
= 3
−3
�→∞

3
+1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 22 2
lt � �
= 3
−3
�→∞

5
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 22 2
lt = 3
−3
�→∞ � �

4+1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 2 2 2
lt = −3
�→∞ � � 3

4 1
�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 22 22 2
lt = 3
−3
�→∞ � �

�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 22 2 2
lt = −3
�→∞ � � 3

�+1+ �+2+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2� 4 2 2
lt � �
= 3
−3
�→∞

1
�! �
14. lt �
�→∞ �

Solution:
1
�! �
Let S = lt
��
�→∞

Page 20
1
�! �
log S = lt log
�→∞ ��
1 �!
log S = lt � log ��
�→∞

Here,
�! = �  � − 1  � − 2  � − 3  ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ 3 2 1

And �� = � � �� ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ �

Now
1 �!
log S = lt � log ��
�→∞

1 1  2 3  ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙  �
log S = lt log
�→∞ � ���∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ �

1 1 2 3 �
log S = lt log

  
� � �
∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ �
�→∞

1 1 2 3 �
log S = lt log + log + log +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ log
�→∞ � � � � �

1 � �
log S = lt �=1
log
�→∞ � �

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0


log S = ltℎ �=1
log �ℎ
ℎ→0

1
log � = 0 log � ��

1
log � = �( log � − 1) 0

log � = 1( log 1 − 1) − 0( log 0 − 1)

log � = 0 − 1

log � =− 1

� = �−1

1
�=�

Page 21
Hence,
1
�! � 1
lt � =
�→∞ � �

1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10


15. lt �11
�→∞

Solution:
1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10 1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10
lt �11
= lt
�→∞ �→∞ �  �10

1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10 1 110 +210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10


lt �11
= lt �10
�→∞ �→∞ �

1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10 1 110 210 310 �10


lt = lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ �11 �→∞ � �
10 �10 �10 �10

1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10 1 1 10 2 10 3 10 � 10


lt = lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ �11 �→∞ � � � � �

1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10 1 � � 10


lt �11
= lt �=1 �
�→∞ �→∞ �

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10 � 10


lt = lt ℎ �=1
�ℎ
�→∞ �11 ℎ→0

1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10 1 10


lt = 0
� ��
�→∞ �11

1
1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10 �11
lt =
�→∞ �11 11 0

1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10 111 011


lt = −
�→∞ �11 11 11

Hence,

1+210 +310 +∙∙∙∙∙ +�10 1


lt �11
= 11
�→∞

Page 22
1 1 1 1
16. lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33

Solution:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 �→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 �2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 � �→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33
1
2�2 −�2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 �→∞ 2� 12 4� 22 6� 32
�2 2 − 2 �2 2 − 2 �2 2− 2
� � � � � �

1
2�2 �2
�2 2 − 2
� �

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 � �→∞ 2 1 2 4 2 2 6 3 2
� − � − � −
� � � � � �

2� � 2
� − �

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 �→∞ � 2 1 2 2 2 6 3 2
4
− − −
� � � � � �

2� � 2

− �

Page 23
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 � �→∞ � 2 1 2 4 2 2 6 3 2
− − −
� � � � � �

2� � 2
− �

1 1 1 1 1 � 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt �=1
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 � �→∞ � 2� � 2

� �

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

1 1 1 1 � 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt ℎ �=1
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 � ℎ→0 2�ℎ− �ℎ 2

1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = 0 2�−�2
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33

1 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 0 1− �−1 2
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 �

1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = sin−1 � − 1
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 � 0

1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � = sin−1 1 − 1 − sin−1 0 − 1
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33

1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+

= sin−1 0 − sin−1 −1
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33

1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 0 + sin−1 1
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 �

1 1 1 1 �
 lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ =
�→∞ 2�−12 4�−22 6�−33 � 2
�2 �2 �2 �2
17. lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
�→∞

Solution:

�2 �2 �2 �2 �2 �2 �2 �2
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 2�+3� 3
�→∞ �→∞

Page 24
�2 �2 �2 �2 �2 �2 �2
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt 3 + 3 + 3 +∙∙∙∙∙∙+
�→∞ 2�+3 3 2�+6 3 2�+9 3 5� 3 �→∞ 2� 3 2� 6 2� 9
� + � + � +
� � � � � �

�2
3
2� 3�
� +
� �

�2 �2 �2 �2 �2 1 1 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= lt 3 3 3
+ 6 3
+ 9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� 3
�→∞ �→∞ � 2+� 2+� 2+� 2+ �

�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1 1 1 1
lt + + +∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = lt 3 3
+ 6 3
+ 9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� 3
�→∞ 2�+3 3 2�+6 3 2�+9 3 5� 3 �→∞ � 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+
� � � �

�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= lt 1 3 3
+ 6 3
+ 9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 3� 3
�→∞ �→∞ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+
� � � � �

�2 �2 �2 �2 1 � 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= lt �=1 3� 3
�→∞ �→∞ � 2+

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

�2 �2 �2 �2 1 � 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= lt �=1 2+3�ℎ 3
�→∞ ℎ→0 �

�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= 0 2+3� 3
��
�→∞

�2 �2 �2 �2 1 −3
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= 0
2 + 3� ��
�→∞

�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= − 2 2+� 2
�→∞ 0

�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
=− 2 2+3� 2 0
�→∞

�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
=− 2 2 − 2
�→∞
2+31 2+30

�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
=− 2 52
− 22
�→∞

�2 �2 �2 �2 1 1 1
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
=− 2 25
−4
�→∞

Page 25
�2 �2 �2 �2 7
lt 2�+3 3
+ 2�+6 3
+ 2�+9 3
+∙∙∙∙∙∙+ 5� 3
= 200
�→∞

�+1 �+2 �+�


18. lt 2 2 +
�2 +22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2
�→∞ � +1

Solution:
1 2 �
�+1 �+2 �+� � 1+ � 2+ � 1+
� � �
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = lt 12
+ 22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �→∞ �2 1+ �2 1+ 2 �2 1+ 2
�2 � �

1 2 �
�+1 �+2 �+� � 1+ 2+ 1+�
� �
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = lt 12
+ 22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �→∞ �
2
1+ 2 1+ 2 1+ 2
� � �

1 2 �
�+1 �+2 �+� 1 1+ 2+ 1+�
� �
lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = lt 12
+ 22
+∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ � 2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �→∞ � 1+ 2 1+ 2 1+
� � �


�+1 �+2 �+� 1 � 1+

lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = lt �=1 � 2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �→∞ � 1+ �

1
Taking ℎ = � when � → ∞ , ℎ → 0

�+1 �+2 �+� 1 � 1+�ℎ


lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = lt �=1 1+ �ℎ 2
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 ℎ→0 �

�+1 �+2 �+� 1 1+�


lt + �2+22 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = 0 1+�2 ��
�→∞ �2 +12

�+1 �+2 �+� 1 1 �


lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = 0 1+�2
+ 1+�2 ��
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22

�+1 �+2 �+� 1 1 1 �


lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = 0 1+�2 �� + 0 1+�2
��
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �2 +�2

�+1 �+2 �+� 1 �� 1 1 2� ��


lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = 0 1+�2
+
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 2 0 1+�2

�+1 �+2 �+� 1 1 1


lt�2 +12 + �2+22 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = tan−1 � + 2 log 1 + �2
�→∞ 0 0

�+1 �+2 �+� 1


lt 2 2 + +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ = tan−1 1 − tan−1 0 + log 1 + 12 − log 1 + 02
�→∞ � +1 �2 +22 �2 +�2 2

�+1 �+2 �+� � 1


lt + �2+22 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = − 0 + 2 log 2 − 0
�→∞ �2 +12 4

Page 26
�+1 �+2 �+� � 1
lt 2 2 + �2+22 +∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙+ �2+�2 = 4 + log 2
�→∞ � +1 2

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