1

INTEGRATION BY PARTS

Definition: It states that

The integral of the product of two functions = 1st function (unchanged)  integral of 2nd – integral
of [ differential coefficient of 1st  integral of 2nd ] .

We know from Differential Calculus that if, 𝑢 and 𝑣1 are two differentiable functions of,
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣1
(𝑢𝑣1 ) = 𝑑𝑥 𝑣1 + 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Integrating both sides with respect to 𝑥, we have

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣1
𝑢𝑣1 = ∫ 𝑣 +∫𝑢
𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣1 𝑑𝑢
 ∫𝑢 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑢𝑣1 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑣1

𝑑𝑣1
Suppose 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑣 , then 𝑣1 = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑥

Hence, the above result can be express as

𝑑𝑢
∫(𝑢𝑣) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢 ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

A Few more standard Integrals:

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑥+𝑏 sin 𝑏𝑥)

1. ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
= cos (𝑏𝑥 − tan−1 𝑎)
√𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝑎 sin 𝑏𝑥−𝑏 cos 𝑏𝑥)

2. ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 2 +𝑏2
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
= sin (𝑏𝑥 − tan−1 )
√𝑎 2 +𝑏2 𝑎

𝑥√𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑎2
3. ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = 2
+ 2
log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )

𝑥√𝑥 2 −𝑎2 𝑎2
4. ∫ √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = 2
− 2
log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 )

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𝑥√𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 𝑎2 𝑥
5. ∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2
+ 2
sin−1 𝑎

1. Proof: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Integrating by parts,
𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ∫ cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ) ∫ cos 𝑏𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ∫ cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ) ∫ cos 𝑏𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

sin 𝑏𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
− ∫ {𝑎𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
} 𝑑𝑥

sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑎
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑏 𝑏

sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
− 𝑏 [𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ) ∫ sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥]

sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
− 𝑏 [𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (− 𝑏
)− ∫ {𝑎𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (− 𝑏
)} 𝑑𝑥]

sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 1 𝑎
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
− 𝑏 [− 𝑏 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥]

sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 𝑎𝑥 𝑎2
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑒 cos 𝑏𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑏 𝑏2 𝑏2

sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 𝑎2
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
+ 𝑏2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑏2 𝐼

𝑎2 sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑎
𝐼 + 𝑏2 𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥
𝑏
𝑎 2 +𝑏2 sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑎
( 𝑏2
)𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 + 𝑏2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥

sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 𝑎𝑥
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑒 cos 𝑏𝑥
𝑏 𝑏
𝐼= 𝑎2 +𝑏2
𝑏2
2 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 𝑎𝑥
𝑏 (𝑒 + 2𝑒 cos 𝑏𝑥)
𝑏 𝑏
𝐼=
𝑎 2 +𝑏2

sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑏2 𝑎 𝑎𝑥
𝑏2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 + 2 𝑒 cos 𝑏𝑥
𝑏 𝑏
𝐼= 𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 sin 𝑏𝑥+𝑎𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥

𝐼= 𝑎 2 +𝑏2

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𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝑏 sin 𝑏𝑥+𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑥)

𝐼= 𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 sin 𝑏𝑥)

𝐼= 𝑎 2 +𝑏2

Again, let 𝑎 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 and 𝑏 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃

 𝑎2 = 𝑟 2 cos2 𝜃 and 𝑏 2 = 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃

Hence,
√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = √𝑟 2 cos 2 𝜃 + 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 = √𝑟 2 (cos2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃) = √𝑟 2

 𝑟 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

𝑏 𝑟 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
And, 𝑎
= 𝑟 cos 𝜃 = cos 𝜃
= tan 𝜃

𝑏
 𝜃 = tan−1
𝑎

Now,
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 sin 𝑏𝑥)
𝐼=
𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝑟 cos 𝜃 cos 𝑏𝑥 +𝑟 sin 𝜃 sin 𝑏𝑥)

𝐼=
𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑟 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (cos 𝜃 cos 𝑏𝑥 +sin 𝜃 sin 𝑏𝑥)

𝐼= 𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑟 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos(𝑏𝑥−𝜃)
𝐼=
𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑏
√𝑎 2 +𝑏2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos(𝑏𝑥−tan−1 )
𝑎
𝐼= 𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑏
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos(𝑏𝑥−tan−1 )
𝑎
𝐼=
√𝑎 2 +𝑏2

2. Proof: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ) ∫ sin 𝑏𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

cos 𝑏𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (− 𝑏
)− ∫ {𝑎𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (− 𝑏
)} 𝑑𝑥

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cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑎
𝐼 = −𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
+ 𝑏 ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥

cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 𝑑
𝐼 = −𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
+ 𝑏 [𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ∫ cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ) ∫ cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥]

sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 sin 𝑏𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 − [𝑒 𝑎𝑥 − ∫ {𝑎𝑒 𝑎𝑥 } 𝑑𝑥]
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏

cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 1 𝑎
𝐼 = −𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
+ 𝑏 [𝑏 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑏 ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥]

cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 𝑎2
𝐼 = −𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
+ 𝑏2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑏2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥

cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑎 𝑎2
𝐼 = −𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
+ 𝑏2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑏2 𝐼

𝑎2 cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑎
𝐼+ 𝐼 = −𝑒 𝑎𝑥 + 2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥
𝑏2 𝑏 𝑏
𝑎 2 +𝑏2 𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑥
( 𝑏2 ) 𝐼 = 𝑏2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏

𝑎 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥
𝑒 sin 𝑏𝑥−𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝑏2 𝑏
𝐼= 𝑎2 +𝑏2
𝑏 2
𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑥
𝑏2 ( 2𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥−𝑒 𝑎𝑥 )
𝑏 𝑏
𝐼= 2
𝑎 +𝑏 2

𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑥
𝑏2 2𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥−𝑏2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝑏 𝑏
𝐼=
𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑎 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥−𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥

𝐼= 𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝑎 sin 𝑏𝑥−𝑏 cos 𝑏𝑥)

𝐼= 𝑎 2 +𝑏2

Again, let 𝑎 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 and 𝑏 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃

 𝑎2 = 𝑟 2 cos2 𝜃 and 𝑏 2 = 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃

Hence,
√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = √𝑟 2 cos 2 𝜃 + 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 = √𝑟 2 (cos2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃) = √𝑟 2

 𝑟 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

𝑏 𝑟 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
And, 𝑎
= 𝑟 cos 𝜃 = cos 𝜃
= tan 𝜃

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𝑏
 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑎

Now,
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝑎 sin 𝑏𝑥−𝑏 cos 𝑏𝑥)
𝐼= 𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝑟 cos 𝜃 sin 𝑏𝑥−𝑟 sin 𝜃 cos 𝑏𝑥)

𝐼= 𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑟 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (cos 𝜃 sin 𝑏𝑥−sin 𝜃 cos 𝑏𝑥)

𝐼=
𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑟 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin(𝑏𝑥−𝜃)
𝐼= 𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑏
√𝑎 2 +𝑏2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin(𝑏𝑥−tan−1 )
𝑎
𝐼= 𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑏
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin(𝑏𝑥−tan−1 )
𝑎
𝐼=
√𝑎 2 +𝑏2

3. Proof: Let 𝐼 = ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥

Integrating by parts

𝑑
𝐼 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (√𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 − ∫ { 2 2 2𝑥  𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
2√𝑥 +𝑎

𝑥2
𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 − ∫ 2 2 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 +𝑎

𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 −𝑎 2
𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 +𝑎 2

𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑎2
𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 − ∫ ( 2 2 − 2 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 +𝑎 √𝑥 +𝑎

𝑎2
𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 − ∫ (√𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 − 2 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 +𝑎

𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 − ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑎2 ∫ 2 2
√𝑥 +𝑎

𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 − 𝐼 + 𝑎2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )

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𝐼 + 𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )

2𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )

𝑥 √𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑎2
𝐼= 2
+ 2
log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )

4. Proof: Let 𝐼 = ∫ √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥

Integrating by parts

𝑑
𝐼 = √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (√𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 ) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 − ∫ { 2 2 2𝑥  𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
2√𝑥 −𝑎

𝑥2
𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 − ∫ 2 2 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 −𝑎

𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 +𝑎 2
𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 −𝑎 2

𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑎2
𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 − ∫ ( 2 2 + 2 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 −𝑎 √𝑥 −𝑎

𝑎2
𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 − ∫ (√𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 + 2 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 −𝑎

𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 − ∫ √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑎2 ∫ 2 2
√𝑥 −𝑎

𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 − 𝐼 − 𝑎2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 )

𝐼 + 𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 − 𝑎2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 )

2𝐼 = 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 − 𝑎2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 )

𝑥 √𝑥 2 −𝑎2 𝑎2
𝐼= 2
− 2
log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 )

5. Proof: Let 𝐼 = ∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

Integrating by parts,

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𝑑
𝐼 = √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 ) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − ∫ { 2 2  − 2𝑥  𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
2√𝑎 −𝑥

−𝑥 2
𝐼 = 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − ∫ { 2 2 } 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎 −𝑥

𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 −𝑎2
𝐼 = 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎 2 −𝑥 2

𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 𝑎2
𝐼 = 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − ∫ ( 2 2 − 2 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎 −𝑥 √𝑎 −𝑥

𝑎2
𝐼 = 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − ∫ (√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − 2 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎 −𝑥

𝑎2
𝐼 = 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − ∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 2 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎 −𝑥

𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − 𝐼 + 𝑎2 ∫
√𝑎 2 −𝑥 2

𝑥
𝐼 + 𝐼 = 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 sin−1
𝑎

𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 sin−1 𝑎

𝑥√𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 𝑎2 𝑥
𝐼= + sin−1
2 2 𝑎

Exercise: A

1. Integrate the following with respect to 𝑥 :-

(i) 𝑥 sin 𝑥 (ii) 𝑥 2 cos 𝑥 (iii) 𝑥𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (iv) 𝑥 𝑛 log 𝑥 (v) 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 (vi) 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥
1
(vii) sin−1 𝑥 (viii) cos−1 𝑥 (ix) cosec −1 𝑥 (x) sec −1 𝑥 (xi) cot −1 𝑥 (xii) cos −1 𝑥

(xiii) 𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 (xiv) 𝑥 2 tan−1 𝑥 (xv) 𝑥 cos 𝑛𝑥 (xvi) (log 𝑥)2 (xvii) 𝑥 log 𝑥

log(𝑥+1)
(xviii) sin−1 √𝑥 (xix) log(1 + 𝑥)1+𝑥 (xx) (𝑥+1)2
(xxi) log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 )

(xxii) log(𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6) (xxiii) 𝑥 3 cos 2𝑥 (xxiv) 𝑥 2 (log 𝑥)2

7
 8

(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Taking 𝑢 = 𝑥 and 𝑣 = sin 𝑥

Now,

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥 (– cos 𝑥) − ∫{1(− cos 𝑥)} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = – 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = – 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 + 𝐶

(ii) Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Taking 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑣 = cos 𝑥

Now,

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑥 2 ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 ) ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 sin 𝑥 − ∫{2𝑥  sin 𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 sin 𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑥 2 sin 𝑥 − 2 [𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥]

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 sin 𝑥 − 2[𝑥(− cos 𝑥) − ∫ 1 (− cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥]

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 sin 𝑥 − 2[−𝑥 cos 𝑥 + ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥]

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 sin 𝑥 − 2[−𝑥 cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥] + 𝐶

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 sin 𝑥 + 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 − 2 sin 𝑥 + 𝐶

𝐼 = (𝑥 2 − 2) sin 𝑥 + 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶

(iii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑎𝑥

8
 9

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (𝑥) ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝐼= 𝑥 𝑎
− ∫ {1 𝑎
} 𝑑𝑥

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 1
𝐼= 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 1 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝐼= 𝑥 −  +𝐶
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 1
𝐼= 𝑥 𝑎
− 𝑎2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝐼= (𝑎𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶
𝑎2

(iv) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = log 𝑥 ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (log 𝑥) ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑥 𝑛+1 1 𝑥 𝑛+1
𝐼 = log 𝑥  − ∫{  } 𝑑𝑥
𝑛+1 𝑥 𝑛+1

𝑥 𝑛+1 1 𝑥𝑛  𝑥
𝐼 = log 𝑥  𝑛+1
− ∫ {𝑥  𝑛+1
} 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑥𝑛
𝐼 = log 𝑥  𝑛+1
− ∫ { 𝑛+1} 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 𝑛+1 1
𝐼=
𝑛+1
log 𝑥 −
𝑛+1
∫ 𝑥𝑛 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 𝑛+1 1 𝑥 𝑛+1
𝐼=
𝑛+1
log 𝑥 −
𝑛+1
 𝑛+1 + 𝐶

𝑥 𝑛+1 1
𝐼= 𝑛+1
(log 𝑥 − 𝑛+1
) + 𝐶

(v) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑥 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 ) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 } 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫{2𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 } 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 [ 𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 } 𝑑𝑥]

9
 10

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2[ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 – ∫{1  𝑒 𝑥 }𝑑𝑥 ]

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2[ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 – ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥]

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶

(vi) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑥 ∫ sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (𝑥) ∫ sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − ∫{1 tan 𝑥 } 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Take cos 𝑥 = 𝑢  sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑑𝑢

Now,
sin 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

−𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑢

𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑥 tan 𝑥 + ∫
𝑢

𝐼 = 𝑥 tan 𝑥 + log 𝑢 + 𝐶

𝐼 = 𝑥 tan 𝑥 + log cos 𝑥 + 𝐶

(vii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = sin−1 𝑥 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (sin−1 𝑥) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = sin−1 𝑥  𝑥 − ∫ { 𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 1
√1−𝑥 2 (sin−1 𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2
𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2

Taking, 1 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑢2

10
 11

𝑑𝑢
−2𝑥 = 2𝑢 𝑑𝑥

 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑢𝑑𝑢

Now
𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2

−𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 – ∫
√𝑢2

𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑢

𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑢

𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 + 𝑢 + 𝐶

𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 + √1 − 𝑥 2 + 𝐶

(viii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ cos−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = cos−1 𝑥 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (cos −1 𝑥) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 −1
(cos−1 𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2
−1
𝐼 = cos−1 𝑥  𝑥 − ∫ {  𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2

𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 cos−1 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2

Taking, 1 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑢2
𝑑𝑢
−2𝑥 = 2𝑢
𝑑𝑥

 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑢𝑑𝑢

Now
𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 cos−1 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2

−𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑥 cos−1 𝑥 + ∫
√𝑢2

𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑥 cos−1 𝑥 − ∫
𝑢

𝐼 = 𝑥 cos−1 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑢

𝐼 = 𝑥 cos−1 𝑥 − 𝑢 + 𝐶

11
 12

𝐼 = 𝑥 cos−1 𝑥 − √1 − 𝑥 2 + 𝐶

(ix) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ cosec −1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 −1
(cosec −1 𝑥) =
−1 𝑑 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 √𝑥 2 −1
𝐼 = cosec 𝑥 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (cosec −1 𝑥) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

−1
𝐼 = cosec −1 𝑥  𝑥 − ∫ {  𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 √𝑥 2 −1

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 cosec −1 𝑥 + ∫ ∫ = log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 )
√𝑥 2 −1 √𝑥 2 −𝑎 2

𝐼 = 𝑥 cosec −1 𝑥 + log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1) + 𝐶

(x) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ sec −1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = sec −1 𝑥 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (sec −1 𝑥 ) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑 1
𝐼 = sec −1 𝑥  𝑥 − ∫ {  𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 (sec −1 𝑥 )=
𝑥√𝑥 2 −1
𝑥√𝑥 2 −1 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 sec −1 𝑥 − ∫
√𝑥 2 −1

𝐼 = 𝑥 sec −1 𝑥 − log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1 ) + 𝐶

(xi) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ cot −1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = cot −1 𝑥 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (cot −1 𝑥 ) ∫ 1} 𝑑𝑥

−1
𝐼 = cot −1 𝑥  𝑥 − ∫ {1+𝑥 2  𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 cot −1 𝑥 + ∫ 1+𝑥2

1
Taking, 1 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑢  𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝑑𝑢

Now
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 cot −1 𝑥 + ∫
1+𝑥 2

1
𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑥 cot −1 𝑥 + ∫ 2 𝑢

12
 13

1 𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑥 cot −1 𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑢

1
𝐼 = 𝑥 cot −1 𝑥 + 2 log 𝑢 + 𝐶

1
𝐼 = 𝑥 cot −1 𝑥 + log(1 + 𝑥 2 ) + 𝐶
2

1
(xii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ cos −1 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑 1
𝐼 = cos −1 (𝑥) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (cos−1 (𝑥)) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

Here,
𝑑 1 −1 𝑑 1
𝑑𝑥
(cos−1 (𝑥)) = 2
( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
√1−(1)
𝑥

𝑑 1 −1 1
(cos−1 ( )) = (− )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑥2
√1−(1)
𝑥

1
𝑑 1 𝑥2
(cos−1 ( )) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 1
√1− 2
𝑥

1
𝑑 1 𝑥2
(cos−1 ( )) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2
√𝑥 −2 1
𝑥

1
𝑑 1 𝑥2
(cos−1 (𝑥)) = 1
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 1
𝑥
1
1 Let, cos −1 (𝑥) = 𝐴 ------ (i)
𝑑 1
(cos−1 (𝑥)) = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 1 1
𝑥
= cos 𝐴
Now,
1
1 𝑑 1
𝑥 = cos 𝐴
𝐼= cos −1 (𝑥) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (cos−1 (𝑥)) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 = sec 𝐴
1
1
𝐼= cos −1 (𝑥)  𝑥 − ∫{ 𝑥
 𝑥} 𝑑𝑥  𝐴 = sec −1 𝑥 ---- (ii)
√𝑥 2 − 1

1 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 cos−1 (𝑥) − ∫ { } 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 − 1

1 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 cos−1 ( ) − ∫
𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 1

1
𝐼 = 𝑥 cos−1 (𝑥) − log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1 ) + 𝐶

13
 14

𝐼 = 𝑥 sec −1 𝑥 − log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1 ) + 𝐶

(xiii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = sin−1 𝑥 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (sin−1 𝑥 ) ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 1 𝑥2
𝐼 = sin−1 𝑥  − ∫{  } 𝑑𝑥
2 √1− 𝑥 2 2

𝑥2 1 𝑥2
𝐼= sin−1 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 2 √1− 𝑥 2

𝑥2 1 −(−𝑥 2 )
𝐼= sin−1 𝑥 − 2∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 √1− 𝑥 2

𝑥2 1 −𝑥 2
𝐼= sin−1 𝑥 + 2∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 √1− 𝑥 2

𝑥2 1 1−𝑥 2 − 1
𝐼= sin−1 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 2 √1− 𝑥 2

𝑥2 1 1−𝑥 2 1
𝐼= sin−1 𝑥 + 2∫( − ) 𝑑𝑥
2 √1− 𝑥 2 √1− 𝑥 2

𝑥2 1 1−𝑥 2 1
𝐼= sin−1 𝑥 + 2∫( − ) 𝑑𝑥
2 √1− 𝑥 2 √1− 𝑥 2
𝑥 √𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 𝑎2 𝑥
𝑥2 1 1
∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = + sin−1
2 2 𝑎
𝐼= sin−1 𝑥 + ∫ (√1 − 𝑥2 − ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 √1− 𝑥 2

𝑥2 1 𝑑𝑥
𝐼= sin−1 𝑥 + {∫ √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ }
2 2 √1− 𝑥 2

𝑥2 1 𝑥 1 1
𝐼= 2
sin−1 𝑥 + 2 {2 √1 − 𝑥 2 + 2
sin−1 𝑥} − 2 sin−1 𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑥2 𝑥 1 1
𝐼= 2
sin−1 𝑥 + 4
√1 − 𝑥2 + 4
sin−1 𝑥 − 2 sin−1 𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑥2 𝑥 1
𝐼= 2
sin−1 𝑥 + 4
√1 − 𝑥 2 + − 4 sin−1 𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑥2 1 𝑥
𝐼= 2
sin−1 𝑥 − 4 sin−1 𝑥 + 4
√1 − 𝑥2 + + 𝐶

14
 15

(xiv) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 tan−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = tan−1 𝑥 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (tan−1 𝑥 ) ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝑥3 1 𝑥3
𝐼 = tan−1 𝑥  − ∫{  } 𝑑𝑥
3 1+ 𝑥 2 3

𝑥3 1 𝑥3
𝐼= 3
tan−1 𝑥 − ∫
3 1+ 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

𝑥3 1 𝑥 +𝑥 3 − 𝑥
𝐼= 3
tan−1 𝑥 − 3
∫ 1+ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥3 1 𝑥 (1+ 𝑥 2 )− 𝑥
𝐼= 3
tan−1 𝑥 − 3
∫ 1+ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥3 1 𝑥 (1+ 𝑥 2 ) 𝑥
𝐼= 3
tan−1 𝑥 − 3
∫ ( 1+ 𝑥2 − 1+ 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥

𝑥3 1 𝑥
𝐼= tan−1 𝑥 − ∫ (𝑥 − ) 𝑑𝑥
3 3 1+ 𝑥 2

𝑥3 1 1 𝑥
𝐼= 3
tan−1 𝑥 − 3
∫𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 3
∫ 1+ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥3 1 𝑥2 1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼= 3
tan−1 𝑥 − 
3 2
+ 3 ∫ 1+ 𝑥2

1
Taking, 1 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑢  𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2
𝑑𝑢

Now,

𝑥3 1 2 1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼= 3
tan−1 𝑥 − 6
𝑥 + 3 ∫ 1+ 𝑥2

1
𝑥3 1 1 𝑑𝑢
𝐼= tan−1 𝑥 − 𝑥2 + ∫ 2
3 6 3 𝑢

𝑥3 1 1 𝑑𝑢
𝐼= tan−1 𝑥 − 𝑥2 + ∫
3 6 6 𝑢

𝑥3 1 1
𝐼= 3
tan−1 𝑥 − 6 𝑥 2 + 6 log 𝑢 + 𝐶

𝑥3 1 1
𝐼= 3
tan−1 𝑥 − 6 𝑥 2 + 6 log(1 + 𝑥 2 ) + 𝐶

15
 16

(xv) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑥 ∫ cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) ∫ cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

sin 𝑛𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 − ∫ {1 } 𝑑𝑥
𝑛 𝑛

𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥 1
𝐼= 𝑛
− 𝑛
∫ sin 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥 1 cos 𝑛𝑥
𝐼= 𝑛
− 𝑛
(− 𝑛 ) +𝐶

𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥 cos 𝑛𝑥
𝐼= 𝑛
+ 𝑛2
+𝐶

(xvi) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫(log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = (log 𝑥)2 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 ((log 𝑥)2 ) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = (log 𝑥)2  𝑥 − ∫ {2 log 𝑥   𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥(log 𝑥)2 − 2 ∫ log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥(log 𝑥)2 − 2 ∫ log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑥(log 𝑥)2 − 2 [log 𝑥 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (log 𝑥) ∫ 1𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥]
𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 𝑥(log 𝑥)2 − 2 [log 𝑥  𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥]
𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥(log 𝑥)2 − 2[𝑥 log 𝑥 − ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥]

𝐼 = 𝑥(log 𝑥)2 − 2[𝑥 log 𝑥 − 𝑥] + 𝐶

𝐼 = 𝑥(log 𝑥)2 − 2𝑥 log 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 𝐶

(xvii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = log 𝑥 ∫ 𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log 𝑥) ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

16
 17

𝑥2 1 𝑥2
𝐼 = log 𝑥  2
− ∫ {𝑥  2
} 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 1
𝐼= 2
log 𝑥 − 2
∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 1 𝑥2
𝐼= 2
log 𝑥 − 
2 2
+ 𝐶

𝑥2 1 2
𝐼= 2
log 𝑥 − 4
𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑥2 1
𝐼= 2
(log 𝑥 − 2) + 𝐶

𝑥 2 2 log 𝑥−1
𝐼= 2
( 2 ) +𝐶

𝑥2
𝐼= (2 log 𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶
4

(xviii) ∫ sin−1 √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 1 𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(sin−1 √𝑥) =  𝑑𝑥
(√𝑥)
2
√1− (√𝑥)
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 √𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = sin−1 √𝑥 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (sin−1 √𝑥) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 √𝑥 − ∫ { 2  𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
√1− (√𝑥)
2 √𝑥

1 √𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 √𝑥 − ∫
2 √1− 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Taking 𝑥 = sin2 𝜃  𝑑𝑥 = 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

Now, cos 2𝜃 = cos 2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃

𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 √𝑥 −
1 √𝑥
𝑑𝑥 cos 2𝜃 = 1 − sin2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃
∫
2 √1− 𝑥
cos 2𝜃 = 1 − 2sin2 𝜃
1 √sin2 𝜃
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 √𝑥 − ∫ 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
2 √1−sin2 𝜃 2sin2 𝜃 = 1 − cos 2𝜃
1
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 √𝑥 −
1
∫
sin 𝜃
2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 sin2 𝜃 = 2 (1 − cos 2𝜃 )
2 √cos2 𝜃

17
 18

1 sin 𝜃
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 √𝑥 − ∫ 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
2 cos 𝜃

𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 √𝑥 − ∫ sin2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
We take,
1
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 √𝑥 − ∫ 2 (1 − cos 2𝜃 ) 𝑑𝜃 𝑥 = sin2 𝜃

1 1  √𝑥 = sin 𝜃 ------ (a)

𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 √𝑥 − 2 ∫ 1 𝑑𝜃 + 2 ∫ cos 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃
Again,
1 1 sin 2𝜃
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 √𝑥 − 𝜃+  2 +𝐶
2 2 𝑥 = sin2 𝜃
1 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 √𝑥 − 2 𝜃 + 4 sin 2𝜃 + 𝐶 𝑥 = 1 − cos 2 𝜃

1 1
 cos 𝜃 = √1 − 𝑥 ------- (b)
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 √𝑥 − 2 𝜃 + 4 2sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 + 𝐶
Also,
1 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 √𝑥 − 2
𝜃+ 4
2sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 + 𝐶 √𝑥 = sin 𝜃

1 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 √𝑥 − 2 sin−1 √𝑥 + 2 √𝑥  √1 − 𝑥 + 𝐶  𝜃 = sin−1 √𝑥 ------ (c)

1 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 sin−1 √𝑥 − sin−1 √𝑥 + √𝑥(1 − 𝑥) + 𝐶
2 2

1 1
𝐼 = (𝑥 − 2) sin−1 √𝑥 + 2 √𝑥(1 − 𝑥) + 𝐶

(xix) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ log(1 + 𝑥) 1+𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ log(1 + 𝑥) 1+𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫(1 + 𝑥) log(1 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

Take 1 + 𝑥 = 𝑢  𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢

Now,

𝐼 = ∫(1 + 𝑥) log(1 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑢 log 𝑢 𝑑𝑥

18
 19

𝑑
𝐼 = log 𝑢 ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ { (log 𝑢) ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢} 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢

𝑢2 1 𝑢2
𝐼 = log 𝑢  2
− ∫𝑢 2
𝑑𝑢

𝑢2 1
𝐼 = log 𝑢  2
− 2
∫𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑢2 1 𝑢2
𝐼 = log 𝑢  2
− 
2 2
+ 𝐴

𝑢2 1 2
𝐼= 2
log 𝑢 − 4
𝑢 + 𝐴

(1+𝑥)2 1
𝐼= 2
log(1 + 𝑥) − 4
(1 + 𝑥)2 + 𝐴

1 1
𝐼 = 2 (1 + 𝑥)2 log(1 + 𝑥) − 4
(1 + 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥) + 𝐴

1 (1+ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)
𝐼 = 2 (1 + 𝑥)2 log(1 + 𝑥) − 4
+ 𝐴

1 1 1
𝐼 = (1 + 𝑥)2 log(1 + 𝑥) − − (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥) + 𝐴
2 4 4

1 1 1
𝐼 = (1 + 𝑥)2 log(1 + 𝑥) − (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥) + 𝐶 Where, 𝐶 = − +𝐴
2 4 4

1 1
𝐼 = 2 (1 + 𝑥)2 log(1 + 𝑥) − 4 𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 𝐶

log(𝑥+1)
(xx) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ (𝑥+1)2
𝑑𝑥

Let 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑢  𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢

Now,

log(𝑥+1)
𝐼=∫ (𝑥+1)2
𝑑𝑥

log 𝑢
𝐼=∫ 𝑢2
𝑑𝑢

1 𝑑 1
𝐼 = log 𝑢 ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ {𝑑𝑢 (log 𝑢) ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢} 𝑑𝑢

1 1 1
𝐼 = log 𝑢 (− 𝑢) − ∫ {𝑢  (− 𝑢)} 𝑑𝑢

log 𝑢 1
𝐼=− 𝑢
+ ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢

19
 20

log 𝑢 1
𝐼=− 𝑢
−𝑢 +𝐶

log(𝑥+1) 1
𝐼=− (𝑥+1)
− (𝑥+1) +𝐶

{log(𝑥+1) +1}
𝐼=− (𝑥+1)
+𝐶

𝐼 = −(𝑥 + 1)−1 {log(𝑥 + 1) + 1} + 𝐶

(xxi) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 ) 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 ) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 )) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 )  𝑥 − ∫ {(1+2𝑥2 + 𝑥4 )  (4𝑥 + 4𝑥 3 )  𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 𝑥log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 ) − ∫ {(1+2𝑥2
+ 𝑥4)
 (4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 4 ) } 𝑑𝑥

(4𝑥 2 +4𝑥 4 )
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 ) − ∫ (1+2𝑥2 + 𝑥 4 ) 𝑑𝑥

4(𝑥 2 +𝑥 4 )
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 ) − ∫ (1+2𝑥2 + 𝑥 4 ) 𝑑𝑥

(𝑥 2 +𝑥 4 )
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 ) − 4 ∫ (1+2𝑥2 𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑥4)

𝑥 2 (1+𝑥 2 )
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 ) − 4 ∫ (1+𝑥 2 )2
𝑑𝑥

𝑥2
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 ) − 4 ∫ (1+𝑥2 ) 𝑑𝑥

1+𝑥 2 −1
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 ) − 4 ∫ (1+𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥

1+𝑥 2 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 ) − 4 ∫ ((1+𝑥2 ) − (1+𝑥2 )) 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 ) − 4 ∫ (1 − (1+𝑥2 )) 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 ) − 4 ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 + 4 ∫ (1+𝑥2 )

𝐼 = 𝑥 log(1 + 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 ) − 4𝑥 + 4 tan−1 𝑥 + 𝐶

𝐼 = 𝑥 log(1 + 𝑥 2 )2 − 4𝑥 + 4 tan−1 𝑥 + 𝐶

𝐼 = 2𝑥 log(1 + 𝑥 2 ) − 4𝑥 + 4 tan−1 𝑥 + 𝐶

20
 21

𝐼 = 2{𝑥 log(1 + 𝑥 2 ) − 2𝑥 + 2 tan−1 𝑥 } + 𝐶

(xxii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ log(𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6) 𝑑𝑥

𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒,

𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 6

𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 3) + 2(𝑥 + 3)

𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3)

Now,

𝐼 = ∫ log(𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6) 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ log((𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3)) 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫{log(𝑥 + 2) + log(𝑥 + 3)} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ log(𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ log(𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥

Here,
𝑑
∫ log(𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 = log(𝑥 + 2) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log(𝑥 + 2)) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1
∫ log(𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 = log(𝑥 + 2)  𝑥 − ∫ {(𝑥+2)  𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝑥
∫ log(𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 + 2) − ∫ (𝑥+2) 𝑑𝑥

𝑥+2−2
∫ log(𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 + 2) − ∫ (𝑥+2)
𝑑𝑥

𝑥+2 2
∫ log(𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 + 2) − ∫ ((𝑥+2) − (𝑥+2)) 𝑑𝑥

2
∫ log(𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 + 2) − ∫ (1 − (𝑥+2)) 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑥
∫ log(𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 + 2) − ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑥+2

∫ log(𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 + 2) − 𝑥 + 2 log(𝑥 + 2)

∫ log(𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 + 2) log(𝑥 + 2) − 𝑥

21
 22

And
𝑑
∫ log(𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 = log(𝑥 + 3) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log(𝑥 + 3)) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1
∫ log(𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 = log(𝑥 + 3)  𝑥 − ∫ {(𝑥+3)  𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝑥
∫ log(𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 + 3) − ∫ (𝑥+3) 𝑑𝑥

𝑥+3−3
∫ log(𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 + 3) − ∫ (𝑥+3)
𝑑𝑥

𝑥+3 3
∫ log(𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 + 3) − ∫ ((𝑥+3) − (𝑥+3)) 𝑑𝑥

3
∫ log(𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 + 3) − ∫ (1 − (𝑥+3)) 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑥
∫ log(𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 + 3) − ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 + 3 ∫ 𝑥+3

∫ log(𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 + 3) − 𝑥 + 3 log(𝑥 + 3)

∫ log(𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 + 3) log(𝑥 + 3) − 𝑥

Thus,

𝐼 = ∫ log(𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ log(𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = (𝑥 + 2) log(𝑥 + 2) − 𝑥 + (𝑥 + 3) log(𝑥 + 3) − 𝑥

𝐼 = (𝑥 + 2) log(𝑥 + 2) + (𝑥 + 3) log(𝑥 + 3) − 2𝑥

(xxiii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 3 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑥 3 ∫ cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 3 ) ∫ cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥3 2
− ∫ {3𝑥 2 2
} 𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥 3
𝐼 = 𝑥3 2
− 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥 3 𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑥3 2
− 2 [𝑥 2 ∫ sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 ) ∫ sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥]

sin 2𝑥 3 cos 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥3 2
− 2 [𝑥 2 (− 2
)− ∫ 2𝑥 (− 2
) 𝑑𝑥]

sin 2𝑥 3 3
𝐼 = 𝑥3 2
+ 4 𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

22
 23

sin 2𝑥 3 3 𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑥3 2
+ 4 𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥 − 2 [𝑥 ∫ cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) ∫ cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥]

sin 2𝑥 3 3 sin 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥3 2
+ 4 𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥 − 2 [𝑥 2
−∫ 2
𝑑𝑥]

sin 2𝑥 3 3 3
𝐼 = 𝑥3 2
+ 4 𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥 − 4 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 + 4 ∫ sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥 3 3 3 cos 2𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥3 + 𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥 − 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 + (− ) + 𝐶
2 4 4 4 2

sin 2𝑥 3 3 3
𝐼 = 𝑥3 2
+ 4 𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥 − 4 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 − 8 cos 2𝑥 + 𝐶

sin 2𝑥 3 1 3
𝐼 = 𝑥3 + (𝑥 2 − ) cos 2𝑥 − 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 + 𝐶
2 4 2 4

𝑥 sin 2𝑥 3 1 3
𝐼 = (𝑥 3 − 2) 2
+ 4 (𝑥 2 − 2) cos 2𝑥 − 4 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 + 𝐶

2𝑥 3 −𝑥 sin 2𝑥 3 2𝑥 2 −1
𝐼=( 2
) 2 + 4( 2
) cos 2𝑥 + 𝐶

1 3
𝐼 = 4 (2𝑥 3 − 𝑥) sin 2𝑥 + 8 (2𝑥 2 − 1) cos 2𝑥 + 𝐶

1 3
𝐼= 𝑥(2𝑥 2 − 1) sin 2𝑥 + (2𝑥 2 − 1) cos 2𝑥 + 𝐶
4 8

(xxiv) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 3 (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = (log 𝑥)2 ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 ((log 𝑥)2 ) ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝑥4 1 𝑥4
𝐼 = (log 𝑥)2  4
− ∫ {2 (log 𝑥) 𝑥
 4 } 𝑑𝑥

𝑥4 1
𝐼= (log 𝑥)2 − ∫ (log 𝑥) 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
4 2

𝑥4 1 𝑑
𝐼= (log 𝑥)2 − [log 𝑥 ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log 𝑥) ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥]
4 2

𝑥4 1 𝑥4 1 𝑥4
𝐼=
4
(log 𝑥)2 −
2
[log 𝑥  4
− ∫ 
𝑥 4
𝑑𝑥]

𝑥4 1 1 4 1
𝐼= (log 𝑥)2 − [ 𝑥 log 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥]
4 2 4 4

𝑥4 1 1 4 1 𝑥4
𝐼= 4
(log 𝑥)2 − [ 𝑥 log 𝑥
2 4
− 4
 4
] +𝐶

𝑥4 1 1 4 𝑥4
𝐼= (log 𝑥)2 − [ 𝑥 log 𝑥 − ] + 𝐶
4 2 4 16

23
 24

𝑥4 1 4 𝑥4
𝐼= (log 𝑥)2 − 𝑥 log 𝑥 + + 𝐶
4 8 32

𝑥4 1 1
𝐼= 4
((log 𝑥)2 − 2 log 𝑥 + 8) + C

Exercise: B

Integrate the following:

1. (i) ∫ 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = sin2 𝑥 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (sin2 𝑥) ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 𝑥2
𝐼 = sin2 𝑥  2
− ∫ {2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥  2
} 𝑑𝑥
sin 2𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝑥2 1
𝐼= 2
sin2 𝑥 – 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 1 𝑑
𝐼= sin2 𝑥 – [𝑥 2 ∫ sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (𝑥 2 ) ∫ sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 } 𝑑𝑥 ]
2 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 1 cos 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥
𝐼= 2
sin2 𝑥 – 2 [𝑥 2 (− 2
)− ∫ {2𝑥 (− 2
)} 𝑑𝑥 ]

𝑥2 1 cos 2𝑥
𝐼= sin2 𝑥 – [𝑥 2 (− )+ ∫ 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ]
2 2 2

𝑥2 1 1
𝐼= 2
sin2 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 1 1 𝑑
𝐼= 2
sin2 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥 − 2 [𝑥 ∫ cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) ∫ cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥]

𝑥2 1 1 sin 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥
𝐼= sin2 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥 − [𝑥 −∫ 𝑑𝑥]
2 4 2 2 2

𝑥2 1 1 sin 2𝑥 1
𝐼= sin2 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥 − [𝑥 − ∫ sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥]
2 4 2 2 2

𝑥2 1 1 sin 2𝑥 1 cos 2𝑥
𝐼= 2
sin2 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥 − 2 [𝑥 2
− 2 (− 2
)]

𝑥2 1 𝑥 1
𝐼= 2
sin2 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥 − 4 sin 2𝑥 − 8 cos 2𝑥

24
 25

𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥 1
𝐼= 2
sin2 𝑥 + 4
(cos2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥) − 4 sin 2𝑥 − 8 cos 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 = cos 2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥

𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥 1
𝐼= sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 − cos 2𝑥
2 4 4 4 8

𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥 1
𝐼=( sin2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥) + cos2 𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 − cos 2𝑥
2 4 4 4 8

𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥 1
𝐼= 4
sin2 𝑥 + 4
cos 2 𝑥 − 4 sin 2𝑥 − 8 cos 2𝑥

𝑥2 𝑥 1
𝐼= (sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥) − 4 sin 2𝑥 − 8 cos 2𝑥
4

𝑥2 𝑥 1
𝐼= 4
− 4 sin 2𝑥 − 8 cos 2𝑥

1
𝐼= (2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥 − cos 2𝑥)
8

sin 2𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥

(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
sin 2𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = sin 2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
2

1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2

1 𝑑
𝐼 = [𝑥 ∫ sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (𝑥) ∫ sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥]
2 𝑑𝑥

1 cos 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥
𝐼 = 2 [𝑥 (− 2
)− ∫ {− 2
} 𝑑𝑥]

1 cos 2𝑥 1
𝐼 = 2 [−𝑥 2
+ 2
∫ cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥]

1 cos 2𝑥 1 sin 2𝑥
𝐼 = 2 [−𝑥 2
+ 2
 2 ]

1 1
𝐼 = − 4 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 + 8
sin 2𝑥

2. (i) ∫ log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥

(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1))𝑑𝑥 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑
𝐼 = log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑥 − ∫ { (𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−√𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑥

25
 26

1 2𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) − ∫ { (1 − ) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−√𝑥 2 − 1) 2√𝑥 2 − 1

1 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) − ∫ { (1 − 2 ) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−√𝑥 2 − 1) √𝑥 − 1

1 √𝑥 2 − 1 − 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) − ∫ { ( ) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−√𝑥 2 − 1) √𝑥 2 − 1

1 − (𝑥−√𝑥 2 − 1 )
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) − ∫ { ( ) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−√𝑥 2 − 1) √𝑥 2 − 1

1
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) − ∫ {− 2 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 − 1

𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) − ∫ {− 2 } 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 − 1

𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) + ∫ 2
√𝑥 − 1

Take, 𝑥 2 − 1 = 𝑢2  𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

Now,
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) + ∫ 2
√𝑥 − 1

𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) + ∫ 2
√𝑢

𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) + ∫ 𝑢

𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) + ∫ 𝑑𝑢

𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) + 𝑢

𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) + √𝑥 2 − 1

(ii) Solution : Let 𝐼 = ∫ log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1)) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1)  𝑥 − ∫ {(𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1) (2𝑥 − 1) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

(2𝑥−1)
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) − ∫ {(𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

26
 27

(2𝑥−1)
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) − ∫ {(𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1)  𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

(2𝑥 2 − 𝑥)
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) − ∫ {(𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1) } 𝑑𝑥

2𝑥 2 − 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) − ∫ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥

2𝑥 2 − 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) − 𝐼1 Where, 𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥

Here,

2𝑥 2 − 𝑥
𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
Let, 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 𝑙(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) + 𝑚 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) + 𝑛

2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 𝑙(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) + 𝑚 (2𝑥 − 1) + 𝑛

2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 𝑙(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) + 𝑚 (2𝑥 − 1) + 𝑛

2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑥 2 − 𝑙 𝑥 + 𝑙 + 2𝑚 𝑥 − 𝑚 + 𝑛 ------ (a)

Comparing the coefficients of 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 and constant terms on both sides of equation (a), we get

Coefficients of 𝑥 2 : 2 = 𝑙  𝑙 = 2 ----- (i)

Coefficients of 𝑥: −1 = −𝑙 + 2𝑚 ----- (ii)

Constant terms : 0 = 𝑙 − 𝑚 + 𝑛 ------ (iii)

Solving (i) , (ii) and (iii) , we get

1 3
𝑙=2 , 𝑚= and 𝑛 = −
2 2

Now,

2𝑥 2 − 𝑥
𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝑙(𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1)+ 𝑚 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1) +𝑛
𝑑𝑥
𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1
𝑑𝑥

𝑙(𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1)+ 𝑚 (2𝑥− 1) +𝑛

𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1
𝑑𝑥

27
 28

𝑙(𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1) 𝑚 (2𝑥− 1) +𝑛

𝐼1 = ∫ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1
+ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1
) 𝑑𝑥

𝑚 (2𝑥− 1) +𝑛
𝐼1 = ∫ (𝑙 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1
) 𝑑𝑥

𝑚 (2𝑥− 1) +𝑛
𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑙 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1
𝑑𝑥

𝑚 (2𝑥− 1) 𝑛
𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑙 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1
+ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1) 𝑑𝑥

𝑚 (2𝑥− 1) 𝑛
𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑙 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1 𝑥 − 𝑥+1

(2𝑥− 1) 𝑑𝑥
𝐼1 = 𝑙 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑚 ∫ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑛 ∫ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥+1

𝑑𝑥
𝐼1 = 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) + 𝑛 ∫ 2
𝑥 − 𝑥+1

𝑑𝑥
𝐼1 = 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) + 𝑛 ∫ 2
1 2 √3
(𝑥− ) + ( )
2 2

1
1 𝑥−
𝐼1 = 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) + 𝑛 √3
tan−1 ( √3
2
)
2 2

2 2𝑥− 1
𝐼1 = 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) + 𝑛 tan−1 ( )
√3 √3

1 3 2 2𝑥− 1
𝐼1 = 2𝑥 + 2 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) − 2  tan−1 ( )
√3 √3

1 3 2𝑥− 1
𝐼1 = 2𝑥 + log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) − tan−1 ( )
2 √3 √3

1 2𝑥− 1
𝐼1 = 2𝑥 + 2 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) − √3 tan−1 ( )
√3

Thus,

𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) − 𝐼1
1 2𝑥− 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) − {2𝑥 + 2 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) − √3 tan−1 ( )}
√3

1 2𝑥− 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) − 2𝑥 − log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) + √3 tan−1 ( )
2 √3

1 2𝑥− 1
𝐼 = (𝑥 − 2) log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) − 2𝑥 + √3 tan−1 ( )
√3

1 1 𝑥
3. (i) ∫ {log 𝑥 − (log 𝑥)2 } 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ 1+cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

28
 29

1 1
(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ {log 𝑥 − (log 𝑥)2 } 𝑑𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = ∫ log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑 1 1 1
𝐼 = log 𝑥 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log 𝑥) ∫ log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

1
1 − 1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑥
𝐼= 𝑥 log 𝑥 − ∫ {(log 𝑥)2 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑢 𝑣
𝑑𝑥
−𝑢
𝑑𝑥
( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑣
= 𝑣2

1 𝑑 𝑑
𝑥 − 1 log 𝑥 (1)−1 (log 𝑥)
𝐼= log 𝑥
− ∫ {(log𝑥𝑥)2  𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑
(
1
) = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 log 𝑥 (log 𝑥)2

1
𝑥 −1 1 𝑑 1 log 𝑥  0−1 
𝐼= log 𝑥
− ∫ {(log 𝑥)2 } 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 ( ) = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 log 𝑥 (log 𝑥)2

𝑥 1 1 1
𝐼= log 𝑥
+ ∫ (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 1 −
𝑥
(
𝑑𝑥 log 𝑥
) = (log 𝑥)2
𝑥
𝐼= log 𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥 (log 𝑥)−1

𝑥
(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+cos 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
cos 𝑥 = cos2 2 − sin2 2
𝑥
𝐼=∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 cos2
2 𝑥 𝑥
cos 𝑥 = cos2 − (1 − cos2 )
2 2
1 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 cos 𝑥 𝑥
2
cos 𝑥 = cos2 2 − 1 + cos2 2
1 𝑥
𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑥 sec 2 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
cos 𝑥 = 2 cos2 2 − 1
1 𝑥 𝑑 𝑥
𝐼 = 2 [𝑥 ∫ sec 2 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) ∫ sec 2 2 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥] 𝑥
1 + cos 𝑥 = 2 cos 2 2
1 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = [𝑥  2 tan − ∫ 1 2 tan 𝑑𝑥]
2 2 2

1 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 2 [𝑥  2 tan 2 − 2 ∫ tan 2 𝑑𝑥]

𝑥
1 𝑥 sin
𝐼= 2
[𝑥  2 tan 2 − 2∫ 2
𝑥 𝑑𝑥]
cos
2

𝑥 𝑥
Take, cos 2 = 𝑢  sin 2 = −2 𝑑𝑢

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Now,
𝑥
1 𝑥 sin
𝐼 = 2 [𝑥  2 tan 2 − 2 ∫ 2
𝑥 𝑑𝑥]
cos
2

1 𝑥 − 2 𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = [2𝑥 tan − 2 ∫ ]
2 2 𝑢

1 𝑥 𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 2 [2𝑥 tan 2 + 4 ∫ 𝑢
]

1 𝑥
𝐼 = 2 [2𝑥 tan 2 + 4 log 𝑢]

1 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = [2𝑥 tan + 4 log cos ]
2 2 2

𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 tan 2 + 2 log cos 2

4. (i) ∫ sin 𝑥 log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ cos 𝑥 log(cosec 𝑥 + cot 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ sin 𝑥 log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) ) ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) (− cos 𝑥) − ∫ {sec 𝑥 +tan 𝑥 (sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 + sec 2 𝑥) ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

sec 𝑥 (sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥)

𝐼 = log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) (− cos 𝑥) − ∫ { sec 𝑥 +tan 𝑥
∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) (− cos 𝑥) − ∫{sec 𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) (− cos 𝑥) − ∫{sec 𝑥 (− cos 𝑥)} 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) (− cos 𝑥) − ∫ {cos 𝑥 (− cos 𝑥)} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) (− cos 𝑥) − ∫{−1} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = − cos 𝑥 log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) + ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = − cos 𝑥 log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) + 𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥)

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(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ cos 𝑥 log(cosec 𝑥 + cot 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = log(cosec 𝑥 + cot 𝑥) ∫ cos 𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log(cosec 𝑥 + cot 𝑥)) ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = sin 𝑥 log(cosec 𝑥 + cot 𝑥) − ∫ {(cosec (− cosec 𝑥 cot 𝑥 − cosec 2 𝑥) ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−cot 𝑥)

− cosec 𝑥(cosec 𝑥 +cot 𝑥)

𝐼 = log(cosec 𝑥 + cot 𝑥) − ∫ { (cosec 𝑥+cot 𝑥)
∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = log(cosec 𝑥 + cot 𝑥) − ∫{− cosec 𝑥 ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥}𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = sin 𝑥 log(cosec 𝑥 + cot 𝑥) − ∫{− cosec 𝑥 sin 𝑥}𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = sin 𝑥 log(cosec 𝑥 + cot 𝑥) + ∫ cosec 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = sin 𝑥 log(cosec 𝑥 + cot 𝑥) + ∫ sin 𝑥  sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = sin 𝑥 log(cosec 𝑥 + cot 𝑥) + ∫ 1𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = sin 𝑥 log(cosec 𝑥 + cot 𝑥) + 𝑥

5. (i) ∫ cos 2𝑥 log(1 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ cosec 2 𝑥 log sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ cos 2𝑥 log(1 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = log(1 + tan 𝑥) ∫ cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (log(1 + tan 𝑥)) ∫ cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥 1
𝐼 = log(1 + tan 𝑥) ( 2
) − ∫ {(1+tan 𝑥) (sec 2 𝑥) ∫ cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥 sec2 𝑥 sin 2𝑥

𝐼= log(1 + tan 𝑥) − ∫ {(1+tan ( )} 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥) 2

sin 2𝑥 sec2 𝑥 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥

𝐼= 2
log(1 + tan 𝑥) − ∫ {(1+tan 𝑥) ( 2
)} 𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥 sec2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥

𝐼= log(1 + tan 𝑥) − ∫ { (1+tan 𝑥)
} 𝑑𝑥
2

sin 2𝑥 sec2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥

𝐼= log(1 + tan 𝑥) − ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 1+
cos 𝑥

sin 2𝑥 sec2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥

𝐼= 2
log(1 + tan 𝑥) − ∫ cos 𝑥 +sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑥

sin 2𝑥 sec2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥

𝐼= 2
log(1 + tan 𝑥) − ∫ cos 𝑥 +sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

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sin 2𝑥 sec2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos2 𝑥

𝐼= 2
log(1 + tan 𝑥) − ∫ cos 𝑥 +sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥 sec2 𝑥 cos2 𝑥 sin 𝑥

𝐼= 2
log(1 + tan 𝑥) − ∫ cos 𝑥 +sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝐼= 2
log(1 + tan 𝑥) − ∫ cos 𝑥 +sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥 1 2 sin 𝑥
𝐼= 2
log(1 + tan 𝑥) – 2 ∫ cos 𝑥 +sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥 1 (cos 𝑥+ sin 𝑥 )+ (sin 𝑥−cos 𝑥)

𝐼= 2
log(1 + tan 𝑥) – 2 ∫ cos 𝑥 +sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥 1 (cos 𝑥+ sin 𝑥 ) (sin 𝑥−cos 𝑥)

𝐼= log(1 + tan 𝑥) – ∫ { + } 𝑑𝑥
2 2 cos 𝑥 +sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 +sin 𝑥

sin 2𝑥 1 (sin 𝑥−cos 𝑥)

𝐼= 2
log(1 + tan 𝑥) – 2 ∫ {1 + cos 𝑥 +sin 𝑥
} 𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥 1 1 (sin 𝑥−cos 𝑥)

𝐼= 2
log(1 + tan 𝑥) – 2 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − 2 ∫ cos 𝑥 +sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥 1 1 (sin 𝑥−cos 𝑥)

𝐼= 2
log(1 + tan 𝑥) – 2 𝑥 − 2 ∫ cos 𝑥 +sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Take, cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 = 𝑢  (sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥) = −𝑑𝑢

Now,

sin 2𝑥 1 1 (sin 𝑥−cos 𝑥)

𝐼= 2
log(1 + tan 𝑥) – 2 𝑥 − 2 ∫ cos 𝑥 +sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

sin 2𝑥 1 1 − 𝑑𝑢
𝐼= 2
log(1 + tan 𝑥) – 2 𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑢

sin 2𝑥 1 1 𝑑𝑢
𝐼= 2
log(1 + tan 𝑥) – 2 𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑢

2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 1 1
𝐼= 2
log(1 + tan 𝑥) – 2 𝑥 + 2 log 𝑢

1 1
𝐼 = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 log(1 + tan 𝑥) – 2 𝑥 + 2 log(sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥)

(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ cosec 2 𝑥 log sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ cosec 2 𝑥 log sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = log sec 𝑥 ∫ cosec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log sec 𝑥) ∫ cosec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = log sec 𝑥 (− cot 𝑥) − ∫ {sec 𝑥  sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 (– cot 𝑥)} 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = log sec 𝑥 (− cot 𝑥) + ∫ sec 𝑥  sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

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1
𝐼 = log sec 𝑥 (− cot 𝑥) + ∫ sec 𝑥  sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = − cot 𝑥 log sec 𝑥 + ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = − cot 𝑥 log sec 𝑥 + 𝑥

6. (i) ∫ sin−1(3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫(sin−1 𝑥)3 𝑑𝑥

(i) Solution : Let 𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 (3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥

𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒, 𝑥 = sin 𝜃  𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

Now,

𝐼 = ∫ sin−1(3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ sin−1(3 sin 𝜃 − 4 sin3 𝜃) cos 𝜃 𝑑 sin 3𝜃 = sin 𝜃 − 4 sin3 𝜃

𝐼 = ∫ sin−1(3 sin 𝜃 − 4 sin3 𝜃) cos 𝜃 𝑑

𝐼 = ∫ sin−1(sin 3𝜃) cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 We take,

𝐼 = ∫ 3𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑥 = sin 𝜃 ------ (a)
𝐼 = 3 ∫ 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑥 2 = sin2 𝜃
𝑑
𝐼 = 3 [𝜃 ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (𝜃) ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑 𝜃} 𝑑𝜃] 𝑥 2 = 1 − cos 2 𝜃

𝐼 = 3[𝜃 sin 𝜃 − ∫{1 sin 𝜃} 𝑑𝜃] cos 𝜃 = √1 − 𝑥 2 ------ (b)

𝐼 = 3[𝜃 sin 𝜃 − ∫ sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃] Again, from (a) we have

𝐼 = 3[𝜃 sin 𝜃 − (− cos 𝜃)] 𝑥 = sin 𝜃

𝐼 = 3𝜃 sin 𝜃 + 3 cos 𝜃  𝜃 = sin−1 𝑥 ----- (c)

𝐼 = 3𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 + 3√1 − 𝑥 2

𝐼 = 3 (𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 + √1 − 𝑥 2 )

(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫(sin−1 𝑥)3 𝑑𝑥

Take, 𝑥 = sin 𝜃  𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

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Now,

𝐼 = ∫(sin−1 𝑥)3 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫(sin−1 sin 𝜃)3 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 We take,

𝐼 = ∫(𝜃)3 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑥 = sin 𝜃 ------ (a)

𝐼 = ∫ 𝜃 3 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑥 2 = sin2 𝜃

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝜃 3 ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (𝜃 3 ) ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃 𝑥 2 = 1 − cos 2 𝜃

cos 𝜃 = √1 − 𝑥 2 ------ (b)

𝐼 = 𝜃 3 sin 𝜃 − ∫{3𝜃 2 sin 𝜃} 𝑑𝜃
Again, from (a) we have
𝐼 = 𝜃 3 sin 𝜃 − 3 ∫ 𝜃 2 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑
𝑥 = sin 𝜃
𝐼 = 𝜃 3 sin 𝜃 − 3 [𝜃 2 ∫ sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (𝜃 2 ) ∫ sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃]
 𝜃 = sin−1 𝑥 ----- (c)
3 2
𝐼 = 𝜃 sin 𝜃 − 3 [𝜃 (– cos 𝜃) − ∫ 2𝜃(− cos 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃]

𝐼 = 𝜃 3 sin 𝜃 − 3 [ – 𝜃 2 cos 𝜃 + 2 ∫ 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃]

𝐼 = 𝜃 3 sin 𝜃 + 3 𝜃 2 cos 𝜃 − 6 ∫ 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝜃 3 sin 𝜃 + 3 𝜃 2 cos 𝜃 − 6 [𝜃 ∫ cos 𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (𝜃) ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃]

𝐼 = 𝜃 3 sin 𝜃 + 3 𝜃 2 cos 𝜃 − 6[𝜃 sin 𝜃 − ∫ 1 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃]

𝐼 = 𝜃 3 sin 𝜃 + 3 𝜃 2 cos 𝜃 − 6[𝜃 sin 𝜃 − ∫ sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃]

𝐼 = 𝜃 3 sin 𝜃 + 3 𝜃 2 cos 𝜃 − 6[𝜃 sin 𝜃 − (− cos 𝜃)]

𝐼 = 𝜃 3 sin 𝜃 + 3 𝜃 2 cos 𝜃 − 6𝜃 sin 𝜃 − 6 cos 𝜃

𝐼 = 𝑥(sin−1 𝑥)3 + 3(sin−1 𝑥)2 √1 − 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 − 6√1 − 𝑥 2

𝐼 = 𝑥(sin−1 𝑥)3 + 3(√1 − 𝑥 2 )(sin−1 𝑥)2 − 6(𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 + √1 − 𝑥 2 )

1−𝑥 2 2𝑥
7. (i) ∫ cos −1 1+ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ tan−1 1− 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

1−𝑥 2
(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ cos−1 1+ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 1− tan2 𝜃
cos 2𝜃 =
1+ tan2 𝜃
Take,𝑥 = tan 𝜃  𝑑𝑥 = sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

34
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We take,

𝑥 = tan 𝜃
sin 𝜃
Now, 𝑥 = cos 𝜃

1−𝑥 2 sin2 𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ cos−1 1+ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 = cos2 𝜃

1− tan2 𝜃 𝑥 2 cos 2 𝜃 = sin2 𝜃

𝐼 = ∫ cos−1 (1+ tan2 𝜃) sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑥 2 (1 − sin2 𝜃) = sin2 𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ cos−1(cos 2𝜃) sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 sin2 𝜃 = sin2 𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ 2𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑 𝑥 2 = sin2 𝜃 + 𝑥 2 sin2 𝜃
2
𝐼 = 2 [𝜃 ∫ sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (𝜃) ∫ sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃]
𝑥 2 = sin2 𝜃 (1 + 𝑥 2 )
𝐼 = 2[𝜃 tan 𝜃 − ∫ 1  tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃]
𝑥2
sin2 𝜃 = 1+ 𝑥2
𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 2 ∫ tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑥
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 = ----- (a)
𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 2 ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 √1+ 𝑥 2

Again,
Taking, cos 𝜃 = 𝑢  sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = −𝑑𝑢
𝑥2
sin 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 = 1+ 𝑥2
𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 2 ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑥2
− 𝑑𝑢 1 − cos2 𝜃 = 1+ 𝑥 2
𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 2 ∫ 𝑢
𝑥2
𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 2 ∫
𝑑𝑢 1− = cos2 𝜃
1+ 𝑥 2
𝑢
1
𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 2 log 𝑢 1+ 𝑥 2
= cos 2 𝜃

𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 2 log cos 𝜃 1

 cos 𝜃 = --- (b)
√1+ 𝑥 2
1
𝐼 = 2𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 + 2 log ( ) Also, we have
√1+ 𝑥 2

1 𝑥 = tan 𝜃
𝐼 = 2𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 + 2 log ( 1 )
(1+ 𝑥 2 )2
 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥
1
𝐼 = 2𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 + 2 log(1 + 𝑥 2 )−2
1
𝐼 = 2𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 + 2 − 2 log(1 + 𝑥 2 )

𝐼 = 2𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 − log(1 + 𝑥 2 )

2𝑥
(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 1− 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥

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2 tan 𝜃
tan 2𝜃 = 1− tan2 𝜃

Let, 𝑥 = tan 𝜃  𝑑𝑥 = sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 We take,

𝑥 = tan 𝜃
sin 𝜃
Now, 𝑥=
cos 𝜃
2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 1− 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 sin2 𝜃
𝑥 2 = cos2 𝜃
2 tan 𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 (1− tan2 𝜃) sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑥 2 cos 2 𝜃 = sin2 𝜃

𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 (tan2 𝜃) sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑥2

sin2 𝜃 =
1+ 𝑥 2

𝐼 = ∫ 2𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑥2
1 − cos 2 𝜃 = 1+ 𝑥 2
𝑑
𝐼 = 2 [𝜃 ∫ sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (𝜃) ∫ sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃]
𝑥2
1 − 1+ 𝑥2 = cos2 𝜃
𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 2 ∫{tan 𝜃} 𝑑𝜃
1
1+ 𝑥 2
= cos2 𝜃
𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 2 log cos 𝜃
1
1
 cos 𝜃 =
−1 √1+ 𝑥 2
𝐼 = 2𝑥 tan 𝑥 + 2 log ( 1 )
(1+ 𝑥 2 )2
Also, we have
1
−
𝐼 = 2𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 + 2log(1 + 𝑥 2 ) 2
𝑥 = tan 𝜃
1
𝐼 = 2𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 + 2 − log(1 + 𝑥 2 )  𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥
2

𝐼 = 2𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 − log(1 + 𝑥 2 )

2𝑥 3𝑥−3𝑥 2
8. (i) ∫ sin−1 1+ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ tan−1 1−3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

2𝑥
(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 1+ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥

Take, 𝑥 = tan 𝜃  𝑑𝑥 = sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

Now,
2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 1+ 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥

2 tan 𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 1+ tan2 𝜃
𝑑𝑥

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2 tan 𝜃
sin 2𝜃 = 1+ tan2 𝜃
2 tan 𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 1+ tan2 𝜃
𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 sin 2𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 We take,

𝐼 = ∫ 2𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑥 = tan 𝜃

𝑑 sin 𝜃
𝐼 = 2 [𝜃 ∫ sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (𝜃) ∫ sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃] 𝑥 = cos 𝜃

sin2 𝜃
𝐼 = 2[𝜃 tan 𝜃 − ∫ 1  tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃] 𝑥 2 = cos2 𝜃

𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 2 ∫ tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑥 2 cos 2 𝜃 = sin2 𝜃

sin 𝜃
𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 2 ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑥2
sin2 𝜃 =
1+ 𝑥 2

Taking, cos 𝜃 = 𝑢  sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = −𝑑𝑢 𝑥2

1 − cos2 𝜃 = 1+ 𝑥 2
sin 𝜃
𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 2 ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑥2
1− = cos2 𝜃
1+ 𝑥 2
− 𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 2 ∫ 𝑢 1
= cos2 𝜃
1+ 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 2 ∫ 𝑢 1
 cos 𝜃 =
√1+ 𝑥 2
𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 2 log 𝑢
Also, we have
𝐼 = 2𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 2 log cos 𝜃
𝑥 = tan 𝜃
−1 1
𝐼 = 2𝑥 tan 𝑥 + 2 log ( )
√1+ 𝑥 2
 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥
1
𝐼 = 2𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 + 2 log ( 1 )
(1+ 𝑥 2 )2

1
𝐼 = 2𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 + 2 log(1 + 𝑥 2 )−2
1
𝐼 = 2𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 + 2 − log(1 + 𝑥 2 )
2

𝐼 = 2𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 − log(1 + 𝑥 2 )

3𝑥−𝑥 3
(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 1−3𝑥2 𝑑𝑥

Take, 𝑥 = tan 𝜃  𝑑𝑥 = sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

Now,

3𝑥−𝑥 3
𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 1−3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

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3 tan 𝜃−tan3 𝜃
tan 3𝜃 =
3 tan 𝜃−tan3 𝜃 1−3 tan2 𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 ( 1−3 tan2 𝜃
) sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 (tan 3𝜃) sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐼 = ∫ 3𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 We take,

𝐼 = 3 ∫ 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑥 = tan 𝜃

𝑑 sin 𝜃
𝐼 = 3 [𝜃 ∫ sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (𝜃) ∫ sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃] 𝑥 = cos 𝜃

sin2 𝜃
𝐼 = 3[𝜃 tan 𝜃 − ∫ 1  tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃] 𝑥 2 = cos2 𝜃

𝐼 = 3𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 3 ∫ tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑥 2 cos 2 𝜃 = sin2 𝜃

sin 𝜃
𝐼 = 3𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 3 ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑥2
sin2 𝜃 = 1+ 𝑥2

Taking, cos 𝜃 = 𝑢  sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = −𝑑𝑢 𝑥2

1 − cos2 𝜃 = 1+ 𝑥 2
sin 𝜃
𝐼 = 3𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 3 ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑥2
1 − 1+ 𝑥2 = cos2 𝜃
− 𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 3𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 3 ∫ 𝑢 1
1+ 𝑥 2
= cos2 𝜃
𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 3𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 3 ∫ 𝑢 1
 cos 𝜃 =
√1+ 𝑥 2
𝐼 = 3𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 3 log 𝑢
Also, we have
𝐼 = 3𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 3 log cos 𝜃
𝑥 = tan 𝜃
−1 1
𝐼 = 3𝑥 tan 𝑥 + 3 log ( )
√1+ 𝑥 2
 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥
1
𝐼 = 3𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 + 3 log ( 1 )
(1+ 𝑥 2 )2

1
𝐼 = 3𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 + 3 log(1 + 𝑥 2 )−2
3
𝐼 = 3𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 − log(1 + 𝑥 2 )
2

3
𝐼 = 3𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 − 2 log(1 + 𝑥 2 )

cos−1 𝑥 1−𝑥
9. (i) ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ tan−1 √ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3 1+𝑥

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 39

cos−1 𝑥
(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥3
𝑑𝑥

Take, 𝑥 = cos 𝜃  𝑑𝑥 = − sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

Now,

cos−1 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 𝑥3
𝑑𝑥

cos−1 cos 𝜃
𝐼=∫ (− sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃)
cos3 𝜃

𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ cos3 𝜃 (− sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃)

𝜃 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝐼 = −∫ cos3 𝜃

sin 𝜃 1 1
𝐼 = −∫𝜃  
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
𝑑𝜃

𝐼 = − ∫ 𝜃 tan 𝜃 sec 𝜃 sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐼 = − ∫ 𝜃 sec 𝜃 (sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃

𝑑
𝐼 = − [𝜃 ∫ sec 𝜃 (sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (𝜃) ∫ sec 𝜃 (sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃]

Take, sec 𝜃 = 𝑢  sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑑𝑢

Now,
𝑑
𝐼 = − [𝜃 ∫ sec 𝜃 (sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (𝜃) ∫ sec 𝜃 (sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃]

𝑑
𝐼 = − [𝜃 ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ { (𝜃) ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢} 𝑑𝜃] 𝑥 = cos 𝜃
𝑑𝜃

𝑢2 𝑢2 𝑥 2 = cos 2 𝜃
𝐼 = − [𝜃 2
− ∫ {1 2
} 𝑑𝜃]
𝑥 2 = 1 − sin2 𝜃
𝑢2 𝑢2
𝐼 = − [𝜃 − ∫ { 2 } 𝑑𝜃]
2 sin2 𝜃 = 1 − 𝑥 2
sec2 𝜃 sec2 𝜃
𝐼 = − [𝜃 − ∫{ } 𝑑𝜃] sin 𝜃 = √1 − 𝑥 2
2 2

sec2 𝜃 1 Again,
𝐼 = − [𝜃 2
− 2 ∫ sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃]
𝑥 = cos 𝜃
sec2 𝜃 1
𝐼 = − [𝜃 2
− 2 tan 𝜃]
 𝜃 = cos −1 𝑥
1 1
𝐼 = − 2 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 + 2 tan 𝜃

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1 1 1 sin 𝜃
𝐼 = − 2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 + 2  cos 𝜃

1 1 1 √1−𝑥 2
𝐼 = − 𝜃 + 
2 𝑥2 2 𝑥

1 1 1 √1−𝑥 2
𝐼 = − cos −1 𝑥  + 
2 𝑥2 2 𝑥

cos−1 𝑥 1 √1−𝑥 2
𝐼=− +
2 𝑥2 2 𝑥

cos−1 𝑥 +𝑥 √1−𝑥 2
𝐼=−
2 𝑥2

1−𝑥
(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 √1+𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Take, 𝑥 = cos 2𝜃  𝑑𝑥 = −2 sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃

Now, cos 2𝜃 = cos 2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃

1−𝑥 cos 2𝜃 = 1 − sin2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃

𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 √1+𝑥 𝑑𝑥
cos 2𝜃 = 1 − 2 sin2 𝜃
1−cos 2𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 √ (−2 sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃)  2 sin2 𝜃 = 1 − cos 2𝜃 ---- (a)
1+ cos 2𝜃

2 sin2 𝜃
Again,
𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 √2 cos2 𝜃 (−2 sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃)
cos 2𝜃 = cos 2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃
sin2 𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 √cos2 𝜃 (−2 sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃) cos 2𝜃 = cos 2 𝜃 − (1 − cos2 𝜃)

cos 2𝜃 = 2 cos 2 𝜃 − 1
𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 √tan2 𝜃 (−2 sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃)
2 cos2 𝜃 = 1 + cos 2𝜃 ----- (b)
𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 tan 𝜃 (−2 sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃)

𝐼 = ∫ 𝜃(−2 sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃)

𝐼 = −2 ∫ 𝜃 sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑
𝐼 = −2 [𝜃 ∫ sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (𝜃) ∫ sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃]

cos 2𝜃 cos 2𝜃
𝐼 = −2 [𝜃 (− )− ∫ (− ) 𝑑𝜃]
2 2

cos 2𝜃 1
𝐼 = −2 [𝜃 (− 2
) + 2 ∫ cos 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃]

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cos 2𝜃 1 sin 2𝜃
𝐼 = −2 [𝜃 (− )− ( )]
2 2 2

1
𝐼 = 𝜃 cos 2𝜃 − 2 sin 2𝜃

We take, 𝑥 = cos 2𝜃 ----- (a)

𝑥 2 = cos2 2𝜃

𝑥 2 = 1 − sin2 2𝜃

sin2 2𝜃 = 1 − 𝑥 2

sin 𝜃 = √1 − 𝑥 2 ------- (b)

Again,

𝑥 = cos 2𝜃

cos −1 𝑥 = 2𝜃
1
𝜃 = 2 cos−1 𝑥

Thus,
1
𝐼 = 𝜃 cos 2𝜃 − 2 sin 2𝜃

1 1
𝐼 = 2 𝑥 cos−1 𝑥 − 2 √1 − 𝑥 2

𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 sin−1 𝑥
10. (i) ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
√1− 𝑥 2 (1−𝑥 2 )2

𝑥 sin−1 𝑥
(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1− 𝑥 2

1
Take, sin−1 𝑥 = 𝑢  𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢
√1− 𝑥 2

𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜, sin−1 𝑥 = 𝑢  𝑥 = sin 𝑢

Now,

𝑥 sin−1 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1− 𝑥 2

𝐼 = ∫ sin 𝑢  𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑢 sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

41
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sin−1 𝑥 = 𝑢 ------ (a)

𝑥 = sin 𝑢 ------- (b)

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑢 ∫ sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ {𝑑𝑢 (𝑢) ∫ sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢} 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 2 = sin2 𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑢(− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢) − ∫(− cos 𝑢 ) 𝑑𝑢 𝑥 2 = 1 − cos2 𝑢
𝐼 = −𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 + ∫ cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢  cos 𝑢 = √1 − 𝑥 2 -------- (b)
𝐼 = −𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 + sin 𝑢

𝐼 = − sin−1 𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥 − √1 − 𝑥 2 sin−1 𝑥

sin−1 𝑥
(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
(1−𝑥 2 )2

Take, 𝑥 = sin 𝜃  𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

Now,

sin−1 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
(1−𝑥 2 )2

sin−1 sin 𝜃
𝐼=∫ 3 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
(1−sin2 𝜃) 2

𝜃
𝐼=∫ 3 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
(cos2 𝜃) 2

𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ cos3 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝜃
cos 𝜃

𝐼 = ∫ 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝜃 ∫ sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (𝜃) ∫ sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃

𝐼 = 𝜃 tan 𝜃 − ∫ tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
sin 𝜃
𝐼 = 𝜃 tan 𝜃 − ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

Taking, cos 𝜃 = 𝑢  sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = −𝑑𝑢

sin 𝜃
𝐼 = 𝜃 tan 𝜃 − ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

− 𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 𝜃 tan 𝜃 − ∫ 𝑢

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𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 𝜃 tan 𝜃 + ∫ 𝑢

𝐼 = 𝜃 tan 𝜃 + log 𝑢

𝐼 = 𝜃 tan 𝜃 + log cos 𝜃

sin θ
𝐼 = 𝜃 cos θ + log cos 𝜃

𝑊𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒,

sin 𝜃 = 𝑥 ------ (a)

sin2 𝜃 = 𝑥 2

1 − cos2 𝜃 = 𝑥 2

cos 2 𝜃 = 1 − 𝑥 2

 cos 𝜃 = √1 − 𝑥 2

Also, sin 𝜃 = 𝑥  𝜃 = sin−1 𝑥

Thus,
sin θ
𝐼=𝜃 + log cos 𝜃
cos θ

𝑥
𝐼 = sin−1 𝑥 + log(√1 − 𝑥 2 )
√1−𝑥 2

1
𝑥 sin−1 𝑥
𝐼= + log(1 − 𝑥 2 )2
√1−𝑥 2

𝑥 sin−1 𝑥 1
𝐼= + log(1 − 𝑥 2 )
√1−𝑥 2 2

11. (i) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (iii) ∫ 2𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (iv) ∫ 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 (− cos 𝑥) − ∫{𝑒 𝑥 (− cos 𝑥)} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = −𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝐼 = −𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + [𝑒 𝑥 ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 ]

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 44

𝐼 = −𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + [𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥]

𝐼 = −𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = −𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − 𝐼

𝐼 + 𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥

2𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 (sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥)

𝑒𝑥
𝐼= (sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥)
2

(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − ∫{𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − [𝑒 𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 ]

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − [𝑒 𝑥 (− cos 𝑥) − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (− cos 𝑥)]

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − 𝐼

𝐼 + 𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥

2𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 (sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥)

𝑒𝑥
𝐼= (sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥)
2

𝑑
(iii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 2𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (𝑎 𝑥 ) = 𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑎
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝐼 = 2𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 ) ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 𝑑
𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 log 2

𝐼 = 2𝑥 (− cos 𝑥) − ∫{2𝑥 (log 2) (– cos 𝑥) } 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = −2𝑥 cos 𝑥 + log 2 ∫ 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

44
 45

𝑑
𝐼 = −2𝑥 cos 𝑥 + log 2 [2𝑥 ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 ) ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 ]

𝐼 = −2𝑥 cos 𝑥 + log 2 [2𝑥 sin 𝑥 − ∫ 2𝑥 log 2 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ]

𝐼 = −2𝑥 cos 𝑥 + log 2 [2𝑥 sin 𝑥 − log 2 ∫ 2𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ]

𝐼 = −2𝑥 cos 𝑥 + log 2 2𝑥 sin 𝑥 − (log 2)2 ∫ 2𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = −2𝑥 cos 𝑥 + log 2 2𝑥 sin 𝑥 − (log 2)2 𝐼

𝐼 + (log 2)2 𝐼 = log 2 2𝑥 sin 𝑥 − 2𝑥 cos 𝑥

cos 𝑥
𝐼(1 + (log 2)2 ) = 2𝑥 sin 𝑥 (log 2 − )
sin 𝑥

𝐼(1 + (log 2)2 ) = 2𝑥 sin 𝑥 (log 2 − cot 𝑥)

2𝑥 sin 𝑥 (log 2−cot 𝑥)

𝐼=
1+(log 2)2

(iv) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑

(𝑎 𝑥 ) = 𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑎
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝐼 = 3𝑥 ∫ cos3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (3𝑥 ) ∫ cos3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 𝑑
𝑑𝑥 (3𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 log 3
sin 3𝑥 sin 3𝑥
𝐼 = 3𝑥 3
− ∫ {3𝑥 (log 3) 3
} 𝑑𝑥

sin 3𝑥 log 3
𝐼 = 3𝑥 3
− 3
∫ 3𝑥 sin 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

sin 3𝑥 log 3 𝑑
𝐼 = 3𝑥 3
− 3
[3𝑥 ∫ sin3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (3𝑥 ) ∫ sin 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 ]

sin 3𝑥 log 3 cos 𝑥3 − cos 3𝑥

𝐼 = 3𝑥 3
− 3
[−3𝑥 3 − ∫ 3𝑥 log 2 ( 3
) 𝑑𝑥 ]

sin 3𝑥 log 3 cos 𝑥3 log 3

𝐼 = 3𝑥 3
− 3
[−3𝑥 3 + 3 ∫ 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ]

sin 3𝑥 log 3 𝑥 (log 3)2

𝐼 = 3𝑥 3
+ 9
3 cos 𝑥 3 − 3
∫ 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

sin 3𝑥 log 3 𝑥 (log 3)2

𝐼 = 3𝑥 + 3 cos3 𝑥 − 𝐼
3 9 9

(log 3)2 sin 3𝑥 log 3 𝑥

𝐼+ 𝐼 = 3𝑥 + 3 cos3 𝑥
9 3 9

9+(log 3)2 sin 3𝑥 log 3 𝑥

𝐼 ( 9
) = 3𝑥 3
+ 9
3 cos3 𝑥

9+(log 3)2 33𝑥 sin 3𝑥+log 3 3𝑥 cos3 𝑥

𝐼 ( 9
) = 9

45
 46

𝐼 (9 + (log 3)2 ) = 3𝑥 (3 sin 3𝑥 + (log 3) cos 3𝑥)

3𝑥 (3 sin 3𝑥+(log 3) cos 3𝑥)

𝐼 = 9+(log 3)2

12. (i) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

cos 2𝑥 = cos2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥

(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
cos 2𝑥 = 1 − sin2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥
1−cos 2𝑥
𝐼= ∫ 𝑒𝑥 ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
cos 2𝑥 = 1 − 2sin2 𝑥
1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1 − cos 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 1−cos 2𝑥
2  sin2 𝑥 = 2
1 1
𝐼 = 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 𝐼1 Where, 𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Here,

𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 ∫ cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

sin 𝑥 sin 2𝑥
𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2

sin 𝑥 1
𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 2
− 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

sin 𝑥 1 𝑑
𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 − [𝑒 𝑥 ∫ sin 2𝑥 − ∫ { (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥]
2 2 𝑑𝑥

sin 𝑥 1 cos 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥

𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 − [𝑒 𝑥 (– )− ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (– ) 𝑑𝑥]
2 2 2 2

sin 𝑥 1 1
𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 2
+ 4 𝑒 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 − 4 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

sin 𝑥 1 1
𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 2
+ 4 𝑒 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 − 4 𝐼1

1 sin 𝑥 1
𝐼1 + 𝐼 = 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 2𝑥
4 1 2 4

5 sin 𝑥 1
𝐼
4 1
= 𝑒𝑥 2
+ 4 𝑒 𝑥 cos 2𝑥

sin 𝑥 1 𝑥
𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒 cos 2𝑥
2 4
𝐼1 = 5
4

46
 47

sin 𝑥 1 𝑥
4(𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 cos 2𝑥)
2 4
𝐼1 = 5

2𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 2𝑥
𝐼1 = 5

Thus,
1 1
𝐼 = 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 𝐼1

1 1 2𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 2𝑥
𝐼 = 2 𝑒𝑥 − 2 ( 5
)

1 (2𝑒 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 2𝑥)

𝐼 = {𝑒 𝑥 − }
2 5

(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 2sin 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2

We know that, 2 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 = cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) − cos(𝐴 + 𝐵)

2 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 = cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) − cos(𝐴 + 𝐵)

2 sin 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 = cos(𝑥 − 2𝑥) − cos(𝑥 + 2𝑥)

 2 sin 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 = cos 𝑥 − cos 3𝑥

Now,
1
𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 2sin 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (cos 𝑥 − cos 3𝑥)𝑑𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = 2 𝐼1 − 2 𝐼2 Where, 𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 and 𝐼2 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Here,

𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥}

47
 48

𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − [𝑒 𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥]

𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − [𝑒 𝑥 (− cos 𝑥) − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (− cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥]

𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − 𝐼1

𝐼1 + 𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥

2𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥

𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥+ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝐼1 = 2

1 𝑥
𝐼1 = 2
𝑒 (sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 )

And

𝐼2 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼2 = 𝑒 𝑥 ∫ cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

sin 3𝑥 sin 3𝑥
𝐼2 = 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3 3

sin 3𝑥 1
𝐼2 = 𝑒 𝑥 3
− 3 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

sin 3𝑥 1 𝑑
𝐼2 = 𝑒 𝑥 3
− 3 [𝑒 𝑥 ∫ sin 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ sin 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥]

sin 3𝑥 1 𝑑
𝐼2 = 𝑒 𝑥 3
− 3 [𝑒 𝑥 ∫ sin 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ sin 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥]

sin 3𝑥 1 cos 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥

𝐼2 = 𝑒 𝑥 − [𝑒 𝑥 (− )− ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (− ) 𝑑𝑥]
3 3 3 3

sin 3𝑥 1 1
𝐼2 = 𝑒 𝑥 3
+ 9 𝑒 𝑥 cos 3𝑥 − 9 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

sin 3𝑥 1 1
𝐼2 = 𝑒 𝑥 3
+ 9 𝑒 𝑥 cos 3𝑥 − 9 𝐼2

1 sin 3𝑥 1
𝐼2 + 9 𝐼2 = 𝑒 𝑥 3
+ 9 𝑒 𝑥 cos 3𝑥

10 sin 3𝑥 1
𝐼
9 2
= 𝑒𝑥 3
+ 9 𝑒 𝑥 cos 3𝑥

sin 3𝑥 1 𝑥
𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒 cos 3𝑥
3 9
𝐼2 = 10
9

48
 49

sin 3𝑥 1 𝑥
9(𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 cos 3𝑥)
3 9
𝐼2 = 10

3𝑒 𝑥 sin 3𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 3𝑥
𝐼2 = 10

𝑒 𝑥 (3 sin 3𝑥 + cos 3𝑥)

𝐼2 = 10

Hence,
1 1
𝐼 = 2 𝐼1 − 2 𝐼2

1 1 1 𝑒 𝑥 (3 sin 3𝑥 + cos 3𝑥)

𝐼 = ( 𝑒 𝑥 (sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 )) − ( )
2 2 2 10

1 1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 {(sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 ) − (3 sin 3𝑥 + cos 3𝑥)}
4 5

−1
𝑒 𝑚 tan 𝑥
13. ∫ (1+ 𝑥 2 )2
𝑑𝑥

−1
𝑒 𝑚 tan 𝑥
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ (1+ 𝑥 2 )2
𝑑𝑥

−1
𝑒 𝑚 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼=∫ (1+ 𝑥 2 )
 (1+ 𝑥 2)

Take, tan−1 𝑥 = 𝑢
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(tan−1 𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑𝑢
1+ 𝑥 2
= 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑥
 1+ 𝑥 2
= 𝑑𝑢

Also, tan−1 𝑥 = 𝑢  𝑥 = tan 𝑢

Now,
−1
𝑒 𝑚 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼=∫ (1+ 𝑥 2 )
 (1+ 𝑥 2)

𝑒𝑚 𝑢
𝐼 = ∫ (1+tan2 𝑢 ) 𝑑𝑢

𝑒𝑚 𝑢
𝐼 = ∫ sec2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 cos 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

49
 50

1+cos 2𝑢 cos 2u = cos 2 𝑢 − sin2 𝑢

𝐼= ∫ 𝑒𝑚 𝑢 ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑢
cos 2u = 2cos 2 𝑢 − 1
1
𝐼= 2
∫ 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 (1 + cos 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 1+cos 2𝑢
cos2 𝑢 =
2
1 1
𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 + 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 cos 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢

1 1
𝐼 = 2𝑚 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 + 2 𝐼1 Where, 𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 cos 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢

Here,

𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 cos 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑑
𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 ∫ cos 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ {𝑑𝑢 (𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 ) ∫ cos 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢} 𝑑𝑢

sin 2𝑢 sin 2𝑢
𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 − ∫ 𝑚𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2 2

sin 2𝑢 𝑚
𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 2
− 2
∫ 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 sin 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢

sin 2𝑢 𝑚 𝑚𝑢 𝑑
𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 − [𝑒 ∫ sin 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ { (𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 ) ∫ sin 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢} du]
2 2 𝑑𝑢

sin 2𝑢 𝑚 𝑚𝑢 cos 2𝑢 cos 2𝑢

𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 2
− 2
[𝑒 (− 2 ) − ∫ {𝑚 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 (− 2
)} du]

sin 2𝑢 𝑚 𝑚𝑢 cos 2𝑢 𝑚
𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 2
− 2
[𝑒 (− 2 ) + 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 cos 2𝑢 du]

sin 2𝑢 𝑚 𝑚𝑢 𝑚2
𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 2
+ 4
𝑒 cos 2𝑢 − 4 1
𝐼

𝑚2 sin 2𝑢 𝑚 𝑚𝑢
𝐼1 + 4 1
𝐼 = 𝑒𝑚 𝑢 2
+ 4
𝑒 cos 2𝑢

4+𝑚2 sin 2𝑢 𝑚 𝑚𝑢
4
𝐼1 = 𝑒𝑚 𝑢 2
+ 4
𝑒 cos 2𝑢

4 sin 2𝑢 𝑚 𝑚𝑢
𝐼1 = 4+𝑚2 (𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 2
+ 4
𝑒 cos 2𝑢 )

1
𝐼1 = (2𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 sin 2𝑢 + 𝑚𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 cos 2𝑢 )
4+𝑚2

𝑒𝑚 𝑢
𝐼1 = 4+𝑚2 (2 sin 2𝑢 + 𝑚 cos 2𝑢 )

Now,
1 1
𝐼 = 2𝑚 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 + 2 𝐼1

1 1 𝑒𝑚 𝑢
𝐼 = 2𝑚 𝑒 𝑚 𝑢 + 2 {4+𝑚2 (2 sin 2𝑢 + 𝑚 cos 2𝑢 ) }

50
 51

𝑒𝑚 𝑢 1 1
𝐼= 2
{𝑚 + 4+𝑚2 (2 sin 2𝑢 + 𝑚 cos 2𝑢 )}

𝑒𝑚 𝑢 1 1
𝐼= 2
{𝑚 + 4+𝑚2 (2 2 sin 𝑢 cos 𝑢 + 𝑚(cos2 𝑢 − sin2 𝑢))}

𝑒𝑚 𝑢 1 1
𝐼= {𝑚 + (4 sin 𝑢 cos 𝑢 + 𝑚(cos2 𝑢 − sin2 𝑢))}
2 4+𝑚2

𝑥
We take, tan−1 𝑥 = 𝑢 sin 𝑢 =
√1+ 𝑥 2

tan 𝑢 = 𝑥 Again, from (a) we have

sin 𝑢
=𝑥 𝑥2
cos 𝑢 sin2 𝑢 = (1+
𝑥2)
sin2 𝑢
= 𝑥2 𝑥2
cos2 𝑢 1 − cos2 𝑢 = (1+ 𝑥2 )
sin2 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 cos 2 𝑢
𝑥2
cos 2 𝑢 = 1 − (1+
𝑥2)
sin2 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 (1 − sin2 𝑢)
1
sin2 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 sin2 𝑢 cos 2 𝑢 = (1+ 𝑥2 )

1
sin2 𝑢 + 𝑥 2 sin2 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 cos 𝑢 =
√1+ 𝑥 2

sin2 𝑢(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = 𝑥 2

𝑥2
sin2 𝑢 = (1+ 𝑥 2 ) ----- (a)

Thus,

𝑒𝑚 𝑢 1 1 𝑥 1 1 𝑥2
𝐼= {𝑚 +
4+𝑚2
(4  + 𝑚 ((1+
𝑥2)
− (1+
𝑥2)
))}
2 √1+ 𝑥 2 √1+ 𝑥 2

𝑒𝑚 𝑢 1 1 𝑥 1−𝑥 2
𝐼= 2
{𝑚 + 4+𝑚2 (4 1+ 𝑥2 + 𝑚 (1+ 𝑥2 ))}

−1 𝑥
𝑒 𝑚 tan 1 1 1−𝑥 2 4𝑥
𝐼= 2
[𝑚 + 4+𝑚2 {𝑚 (1+ 𝑥 2 ) + 1+ 𝑥2 }]

𝑥+sin 𝑥 log(𝑥+1)
14. (i) ∫ 1+cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥+1

𝑥+sin 𝑥
(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 1+cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

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𝑥 𝑥
cos 𝑥 = cos2 2 − sin2 2
𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫( + ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1+cos 𝑥 1+cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = cos2 2 − (1 − cos2 2)
𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 1+cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 1+cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
cos 𝑥 = 2cos2 2 − 1
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 2 sin cos 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2
𝑥
2
𝑑𝑥 1 + cos 𝑥 = 2cos2 ----- (a)
2cos2 2cos2 2
2 2

sin
𝑥 And,
1 𝑥 2
𝐼= ∫
2 cos2
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑥 𝑥
2 2 sin 𝑥 = 2 sin 2 cos 2
1 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 sec 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ tan 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2

1 𝑥 𝑑 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 2 [𝑥 ∫ sec 2 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) ∫ sec 2 2 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥] + ∫ tan 2 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 2 [𝑥 2 tan 2 − ∫ 2 tan 2 𝑑𝑥] + ∫ tan 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 tan 2 − ∫ tan 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ tan 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 tan 2

log(𝑥+1)
(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥+1

Take, 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑢2  𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢

Now,
log(𝑥+1)
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥+1

log 𝑢2
𝐼=∫ 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢
√𝑢2

log 𝑢2
𝐼 = 2∫ 𝑢
𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝐼 = 2 ∫ log 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢

𝐼 = 2 ∫ 2 log 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝐼 = 4 ∫ log 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑑
𝐼 = 4 [log 𝑢 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ { (log 𝑢) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑢} 𝑑𝑢]
𝑑𝑢

1
𝐼 = 4 [𝑢 log 𝑢 − ∫ 𝑢  𝑢 𝑑𝑢]

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 53

𝐼 = 4[𝑢 log 𝑢 − ∫ 1𝑑𝑢]

𝐼 = 4[𝑢 log 𝑢 − 𝑢]

𝐼 = 4𝑢 log 𝑢 − 4𝑢

𝐼 = 2𝑢2 log 𝑢 − 4𝑢

𝐼 = 2𝑢 log 𝑢2 − 4𝑢

𝐼 = 2√𝑥 + 1 log(𝑥 + 1) − 4√𝑥 + 1

𝑥 𝑥
15. ∫ tan−1 (
1+cos 𝑥
) 𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥 = cos2 2 − sin2 2
sin 𝑥

𝑥 𝑥
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 (
1+cos 𝑥
) 𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥 = cos2 2 − (1 − cos2 2)
sin 𝑥
𝑥
−1
2cos2
𝑥
2
cos 𝑥 = 2cos 2 2 − 1
𝐼 = ∫ tan ( 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
2 sin cos
2 2
𝑥
1 + cos 𝑥 = 2cos2 ----- (a)
𝑥 2
cos
𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 ( 𝑥
2
) 𝑑𝑥
sin And,
2

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 (cot ) 𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑥 = 2 sin 2 cos 2
2

𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 cot 2 𝑑𝑥

𝜋 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 tan ( 2 + 2) 𝑑𝑥

𝜋 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ ( 2 − 2) 𝑑𝑥 𝜋
cot ( 2 − 𝐴) = tan 𝐴
𝜋 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 2

𝜋 1
𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝜋 1 𝑥2
𝐼 = 2 𝑥 − 2 2

1 1
𝐼 = 2 𝜋𝑥 − 4 𝑥 2

𝑥
16. ∫ sin−1 √𝑥+𝑎 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 √𝑥+𝑎 𝑑𝑥

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 54

Take, 𝑥 = 𝑎 tan2 𝜃

𝑑𝑥 𝑑
𝑑𝜃
= 𝑑𝜃 (𝑎 tan2 𝜃)

𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝜃
= 2𝑎 tan 𝜃 sec 𝜃

𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑎 tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

Now,
𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 √𝑥+𝑎 𝑑𝑥

𝑎 tan2 𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 √
𝑎 tan2 𝜃 + 𝑎
 2𝑎 tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝑎 tan2 𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 √
𝑎 (tan2 𝜃 + 1)
 2𝑎 tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝑎 tan2 𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 √𝑎 sec2 𝜃  2𝑎 tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

tan2 𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 √ sec2 𝜃 2𝑎 tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

tan 𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 (sec 𝜃)  2𝑎 tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

1
𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 (tan 𝜃  ) 2𝑎 tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
sec 𝜃

sin 𝜃
𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 (cos 𝜃  cos 𝜃)  2𝑎 tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐼 = ∫ sin−1(sin 𝜃) 2𝑎 tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐼 = ∫ sin−1 sin 𝜃 2𝑎 tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐼 = ∫ 𝜃 2𝑎 tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐼 = 2𝑎 ∫ 𝜃 tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝑑
𝐼 = 2𝑎 [𝜃 ∫ tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (𝜃) ∫ tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃 ]

54
 55

𝐼 = 2𝑎[𝜃 ∫ tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫{1  ∫ tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃 ]

Taking, tan 𝜃 = 𝑢  sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑑𝑢

Now,

𝐼 = 2𝑎[𝜃 ∫ tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫{1  ∫ tan 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃 ]

𝐼 = 2𝑎[𝜃 ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 − ∫{1  ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢} 𝑑𝜃 ]

We take,
𝑢2 𝑢2
𝐼 = 2𝑎 [𝜃 − ∫ 1 𝑑𝜃 ] 𝑥 = 𝑎 tan2 𝜃
2 2

𝑥
1 1 = tan2 𝜃 ---- (a)
𝐼= 2𝑎 [2 𝜃𝑢2 − 2
∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝜃 ] 𝑎

𝑥
1 1 √𝑎 = tan 𝜃 ------ (b)
𝐼= 2𝑎 [ 𝜃 tan2 𝜃 − ∫ tan2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 ]
2 2

And
𝐼 = 𝑎𝜃 tan2 𝜃 − 𝑎 ∫ tan2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑥
2
𝜃 = tan−1 √𝑎 ------- (c)
𝐼 = 𝑎𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 𝑎 ∫ (sec 2 𝜃 − 1) 𝑑𝜃

𝐼 = 𝑎𝜃 tan2 𝜃 − 𝑎 ∫ sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 + 𝑎 ∫ 1 𝑑𝜃

𝐼 = 𝑎𝜃 tan2 𝜃 − 𝑎 tan 𝜃 + 𝑎𝜃

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑎 tan−1 √  − 𝑎√ + 𝑎 tan−1 √
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎

𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 tan−1 √𝑎 − √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎 tan−1 √𝑎

𝑥
𝐼 = (𝑥 + 𝑎)) tan−1 √𝑎 − √𝑎𝑥

17. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥)

Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥)

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

55
 56

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥

𝑒𝑥 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
18. (i) ∫ (1 + 𝑥 log 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ (1+log 𝑥)2
𝑥

𝑒𝑥
(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ (1 + 𝑥 log 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

(1 +𝑥 log 𝑥)
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

1 𝑥 log 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 + 𝑥
) 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ( + log 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (log 𝑥 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

𝑑 1
𝐼 = log 𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log 𝑥) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 log 𝑥 − ∫ {𝑒 𝑥  } 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 log 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 log 𝑥

log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ (1+log 𝑥)2

1+ log 𝑥−1
𝐼 = ∫ (1+log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

1+ log 𝑥 1
𝐼 = ∫ ((1+log 𝑥)2 − (1+log 𝑥)2 ) 𝑑𝑥

56
 57

1 1
𝐼 = ∫ (1+ log 𝑥 − (1+log 𝑥)2 ) 𝑑𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = ∫ 1+ log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (1+log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑 1 1
𝐼 = 1+ log 𝑥 ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (1+ log 𝑥) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (1+log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
1 (1+log 𝑥) (1)− 1 (1+log 𝑥) 1
𝐼 = 1+ log 𝑥 𝑥 − ∫ { 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(1+log 𝑥)2
 𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (1+log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

1
1 − 1
𝐼 = 1+ log 𝑥 𝑥 − ∫ {(1+log𝑥 𝑥)2  𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (1+log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

1 −1 1
𝐼 = 1+ log 𝑥 𝑥 − ∫ {(1+log 𝑥)2 } 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (1+log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

1 1 1
𝐼 = 1+ log 𝑥 𝑥 + ∫ (1+log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (1+log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 1+ log 𝑥 𝑥

19. (i) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (tan 𝑥 − log cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 (1 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

(iii) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 [log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) + sec 𝑥] 𝑑𝑥

(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (tan 𝑥 − log cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 log cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 log cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 (– log cos 𝑥) − ∫{𝑒 𝑥 (− log cos 𝑥)}𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 log cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 (– log cos 𝑥) + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 log cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 log cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 (– log cos 𝑥)

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 (log cos−1 𝑥)

1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 (log cos 𝑥)

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 log sec 𝑥

57
 58

(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 (1 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = sec 𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (sec 𝑥) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 − ∫{sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥  𝑒 𝑥 } 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥

(iii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 [log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) + sec 𝑥] 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 ( log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥)) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) − ∫ {
sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥
 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 + sec 2 𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) − ∫ {sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥  sec 𝑥 (tan 𝑥 + sec 𝑥) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

sec 𝑥 (sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥)

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) − ∫ { sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥
∫ 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) − ∫{sec 𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) − ∫{sec 𝑥  𝑒 𝑥 } 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 log(sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥)

𝑥2+ 1 (1−𝑥)2 𝑥−1

20. (i) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1+ 𝑥2 )2 𝑑𝑥 (iii) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)3 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2+ 1
(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 2 + 1+2𝑥 −2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒𝑥 (𝑥+1)2
𝑑𝑥

58
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(𝑥+1)2 −2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒𝑥 (𝑥+1)2
𝑑𝑥

(𝑥+1)2 2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ((𝑥+1)2 − (𝑥+1)2 ) 𝑑𝑥

2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1 − (𝑥+1)2 ) 𝑑𝑥

𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥+1−1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥+1 1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ((𝑥+1)2 − (𝑥+1)2 ) 𝑑𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1 − (𝑥+1)2 ) 𝑑𝑥

𝒅𝒙 1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝟐 ∫ 𝒆𝒙 𝒙+𝟏 + 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

𝟏 𝒅 𝟏 1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝟐 [𝟏+𝒙 ∫ 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙 − ∫ {𝒅𝒙 (𝟏+𝒙) ∫ 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙} 𝒅𝒙] + 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

𝟏 𝟏 1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝟐 [𝒆𝒙 𝟏+𝒙 − ∫ {(− (𝟏+𝒙)𝟐 𝒆𝒙 )} 𝒅𝒙] + 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

𝟏 𝟏 1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝟐 [𝒆𝒙 + ∫ (𝟏+𝒙)𝟐 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙] + 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥
𝟏+𝒙

𝟏 𝟏 1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝟐𝒆𝒙 𝟏+𝒙 − 𝟐 ∫ 𝒆𝒙 (𝟏+𝒙)𝟐 𝒅𝒙 + 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑒 𝑥 1+𝑥

2
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 (1 − )
1+𝑥

1+𝑥−2
𝐼 = 𝑒𝑥 ( 1+𝑥
)

𝑥−1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 (1+𝑥)

(1−𝑥)2
(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1+ 𝑥2 )2 𝑑𝑥

1+ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒𝑥 (1+ 𝑥 2 )2
𝑑𝑥

59
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1+ 𝑥 2 2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ((1+ 𝑥2 )2 − (1+ 𝑥2 )2 ) 𝑑𝑥

1 2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1+ 𝑥2 − (1+ 𝑥2 )2 ) 𝑑𝑥

𝟏 2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝒆𝒙 𝟏+ 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1+ 𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥

𝟏 𝒅 𝟏 2𝑥
𝐼 = 𝟏+ 𝒙𝟐 ∫ 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙 − ∫ {𝒅𝒙 (𝟏+ 𝒙𝟐) ∫ 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙} 𝒅𝒙 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1+ 𝑥2 )2 𝑑𝑥

𝟏 𝟐𝒙 2𝑥
𝐼 = 𝟏+ 𝒙𝟐 𝒆𝒙 − ∫ {(− (𝟏+ 𝒙𝟐)𝟐) ∫ 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙} 𝒅𝒙 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1+ 𝑥2 )2 𝑑𝑥

𝟏 𝟐𝒙 2𝑥
𝐼 = 𝟏+ 𝒙𝟐 𝒆𝒙 + ∫ (𝟏+ 𝒙𝟐)𝟐 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1+ 𝑥2 )2 𝑑𝑥

𝟏 𝟐𝒙 2𝑥
𝐼= 𝒆𝒙 + ∫ 𝒆𝒙 (𝟏+ 𝒅𝒙 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1+ 𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥
𝟏+ 𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 )𝟐

𝒆𝒙
𝐼 = 𝟏+ 𝒙𝟐

𝑥−1
(iii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)3 𝑑𝑥

𝑥+1−2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)3 𝑑𝑥

𝑥+1 2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ((𝑥+1)3 − (𝑥+1)3 ) 𝑑𝑥

1 2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ((𝑥+1)2 − (𝑥+1)3 ) 𝑑𝑥

𝟏 2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝒆𝒙 (𝒙+𝟏)𝟐 𝒅𝒙 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)3 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑 1 2
𝐼 = (𝑥+1)2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 ((𝑥+1)2 ) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)3 𝑑𝑥

1 −2(𝑥+1) 2
𝐼 = (𝑥+1)2 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ {( (𝑥+1)4 ) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)3 𝑑𝑥

1 2 2
𝐼 = (𝑥+1)2 𝑒 𝑥 + ∫ (𝑥+1)3 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)3 𝑑𝑥

1 2 2
𝐼 = (𝑥+1)2 𝑒 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)3 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)3 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼= 𝑒𝑥
(𝑥 + 1)2

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1+sin 𝑥 1−sin 𝑥 2−sin 2𝑥 2+sin 2𝑥

21. (i) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 1+cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 1−cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (iii) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 1−cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (iv) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 1+cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1+sin 𝑥
(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 1+cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
1 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = cos2 2 − sin2 2
𝑥
𝐼 = ∫𝑒 (1+cos 𝑥 + 1+cos 𝑥
) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = cos2 − (1 − cos 2 )
1 2 sin cos 2 2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒𝑥 ( 𝑥 + 2
𝑥
2
) 𝑑𝑥
2cos2 2cos2 𝑥
2 2
cos 𝑥 = 2cos2 2 − 1
𝑥
1 𝑥 sin
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (2 sec 2 2 + 2
𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1 + cos 𝑥 = 2cos2 2 ----- (i)
cos
2

1 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (2 sec 2 2 + tan 2) 𝑑𝑥 And
𝑥 𝑥
1 𝑥 𝑥 sin 𝑥 = 2 sin 2 cos 2 ------ (b)
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 2 sec 2 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 2 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 2 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 2 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑥 𝑑 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 2 [𝑒 𝑥 ∫ sec 2 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ sec 2 2 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥] + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
cos 𝑥 = cos2 2 − sin2 2
1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 2 [𝑒 𝑥 2 tan 2 − ∫ {𝑒 𝑥 2 tan 2 } 𝑑𝑥] + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
cos 𝑥 = 1 − sin2 2 − sin2 2
1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 2 [2𝑒 𝑥 tan 2 − 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 2 𝑑𝑥] + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
cos 𝑥 = 1 − 2sin2 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 tan 2 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1 − cos 𝑥 = 2sin2 2
𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 tan
2 And

1−sin 𝑥
(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 1−cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
cos 𝑥 = cos2 2 − sin2 2
𝑥 𝑥
1 2 sin cos
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒𝑥 ( 2𝑥
− 2
𝑥
2
) 𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 1 − sin2 − sin2
𝑥 𝑥
2sin 2sin2 2 2
2 2

𝑥
1 𝑥 cos
𝑥
cos 𝑥 = 1 − 2sin2 2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (2 cosec 2 2 − 𝑥
2
) 𝑑𝑥
sin
2
𝒙
𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝟐
1 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (2 cosec 2 2 − cot 2) 𝑑𝑥
And
1 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 2 cosec 2 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥
cot 2 𝑑𝑥 𝒙 𝒙
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐
1 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cosec 2 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cot 2 𝑑𝑥

61
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1 𝑥 𝑑 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 2 [𝑒 𝑥 ∫ cosec 2 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ cosec 2 2 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥] − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cot 2 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 2 [𝑒 𝑥 (−2 cot 2) − ∫ {𝑒 𝑥  (−2 cot 2) } 𝑑𝑥] − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cot 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = −𝑒 𝑥 cot 2 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cot 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cot 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥
𝐼 = −𝑒 𝑥 cot 2

2−sin 2𝑥
sin 𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ------ (a)
(iii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 1−cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
And
𝑥 2 sin 2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫𝑒 (1−cos 2𝑥 − ) 𝑑𝑥
1−cos 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 = cos 2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥
2 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒𝑥 ( 2 − ) 𝑑𝑥 cos2 𝑥 = 1 − sin2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥
2sin 𝑥 2sin2 𝑥

1 cos 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (sin2 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 cos 2𝑥 = 1 − 2sin2 𝑥

1 − cos 2𝑥 = 2sin2 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (cosec 2 𝑥 − cot 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cosec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 ∫ cosec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ cosec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 (− cot 𝑥) − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (− cot 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = −𝑒 𝑥 cot 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = −𝑒 𝑥 cot 𝑥

2+sin 2𝑥
(iv) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 1+cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 cos2 𝑥 = cos2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥

2 sin 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 = cos2 𝑥 − (1 − cos 2 𝑥)

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1+cos 2𝑥 + 1+cos 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
cos 2𝑥 = 2cos 2 𝑥 − 1
2 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝐼= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (2cos2 𝑥 + 2cos2 𝑥
) 𝑑𝑥
1 + cos2 𝑥 = 2cos 2 𝑥 ----- (i)
1 sin 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (cos2 𝑥 + cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 And

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (sec 2 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ------ (ii)

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

62
 63

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 ∫ sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (𝑒 𝑥 ) ∫ sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − ∫{𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 tan 𝑥

22. ∫ √25 − 9 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

Solution: Let ∫ √25 − 9 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = √25 − 9 𝑥 2 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (√25 − 9 𝑥 2 ) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 − ∫ { (−18𝑥) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
2 √25−9 𝑥 2

18𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 + ∫ { ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
2 √25−9 𝑥 2

9𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 + ∫ { ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
√25−9 𝑥 2

9𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 + ∫  𝑥 𝑑𝑥
√25−9 𝑥 2

9𝑥 2
𝐼 = 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√25−9 𝑥 2

−25+9𝑥 2 + 25
𝐼 = 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√25−9 𝑥 2

−(25− 9𝑥 2 )+ 25
𝐼 = 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√25−9 𝑥 2

−(25− 9𝑥 2 ) 25
𝐼 = 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 + ∫ { + } 𝑑𝑥
√25−9 𝑥 2 √25−9 𝑥 2

25
𝐼 = 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 + ∫ {−√25 − 9 𝑥 2 + } 𝑑𝑥
√25−9 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 − ∫ √25 − 9 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 25 ∫
𝑑𝑥 ∫ √𝑎2 −𝑥2 = sin−1 (𝑎)
√25−9 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 − 𝐼 + 25 ∫ 25
√9( − 𝑥 2 )
9

63
 64

25 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 − 𝐼 + 3
∫ 25
√( − 𝑥 2 )
9

25 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 − 𝐼 + 3
∫ 2
√(5) −𝑥 2
3

25 𝑥
𝐼 + 𝐼 = 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 + sin−1 ( 5 )
3
3

25 3𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 + sin−1 ( )
3 5

1 25 3𝑥
𝐼 = (𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 + sin−1 ( ))
2 3 5

1 25 3𝑥
𝐼 = 2 𝑥√25 − 9 𝑥 2 + 6
sin−1 ( 5 )

23. (i) ∫ √5 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ √10 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ √5 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

Here, 5 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5

5 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 − 1 + 5

5 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = (𝑥 − 1)2 − 1 + 5

5 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = (𝑥 − 1)2 + 22

Now

𝐼 = ∫ √(𝑥 − 1)2 + 22 𝑑𝑥

Taking, 𝑥 − 1 = 𝑢  𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢

𝐼 = ∫ √𝑢2 + 22 𝑑𝑢 ------------- (a)

𝑑
𝐼 = √𝑢2 + 22 ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ {𝑑𝑢 (√𝑢2 + 22 ) ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢} 𝑑𝑢

1
𝐼 = 𝑢√𝑢2 + 22 − ∫ { 2𝑢 ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢} 𝑑𝑢
2√𝑢2 +22

𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑢√𝑢2 + 22 − ∫ { ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢} 𝑑𝑢
√𝑢2 +22

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 65

𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑢√𝑢2 + 22 − ∫ {  𝑢} 𝑑𝑢
√𝑢2 +22

𝑢2
𝐼 = 𝑢√𝑢2 + 22 − ∫ { } 𝑑𝑢
√𝑢2 +22

𝑢2
𝐼 = 𝑢√𝑢2 + 22 − ∫ 2 2 𝑑𝑢
√𝑢 +2

𝑢2 + 22 − 22
𝐼 = 𝑢√𝑢2 + 22 − ∫ 𝑑𝑢
√𝑢2 +22

𝑢2 + 22 22
𝐼 = 𝑢√𝑢2 + 22 − ∫ ( − ) 𝑑𝑢
√𝑢2 +22 √𝑢2 +22

22
𝐼 = 𝑢√𝑢2 + 22 − ∫ (√𝑢2 + 22 − ) 𝑑𝑢
√𝑢2 +22

22
𝐼 = 𝑢√𝑢2 + 22 − ∫ √𝑢2 + 22 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 2 2 𝑑𝑢
√𝑢 +2

𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑢√𝑢2 + 22 − 𝐼 + 22 ∫ Using (a)
√𝑢2 +22

𝑑𝑢
𝐼 + 𝐼 = 𝑢√𝑢2 + 22 + 22 ∫
√𝑢2 +22

𝑑𝑢
2𝐼 = 𝑢√𝑢2 + 22 + 22 log(𝑢 + √𝑢2 + 22 ) = log(𝑥 + √𝑎2 + 22 )
√𝑎 2 +22

1
𝐼 = 2 (𝑢√𝑢2 + 22 + 22 log(𝑢 + √𝑢2 + 22 ))

1
𝐼 = 𝑢√𝑢2 + 22 + 2 log(𝑢 + √𝑢2 + 22 )
2

1
𝐼 = 2 (𝑥 − 1)√(𝑥 − 1)2 + 22 + 2 log ((𝑥 − 1) + √(𝑥 − 1)2 + 22 )

1
𝐼 = 2 (𝑥 − 1)√5 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 2 log ((𝑥 − 1) + √5 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 )

(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ √10 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

Here,

10 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 = 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 10
10
10 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 = 4 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4
)

5
10 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 = 4 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2)

1 1 2 1 2 5
10 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 = 4 (𝑥 2 − 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 𝑥 + (2) − (2) + 2)

65
 66

1 2 1 5
10 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 = 4 ((𝑥 − 2) − 4 + 2)

1 2 10−1
10 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 = 4 ((𝑥 − 2) + 4
)

1 2 9
10 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 = 4 ((𝑥 − 2) + 4)

1 2 3 2
10 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 = 4 ((𝑥 − 2) + (2) )

Now,

𝐼 = ∫ √10 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

1 2 3 2
𝐼 = ∫ √4 ((𝑥 − ) + ( ) ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2

1 2 3 2
𝐼 = 2 ∫ √(𝑥 − ) + ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2

1
Take, 𝑥 − = 𝑢
2
 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢

4𝑢2 +32
𝐼 = 2∫√ 22
𝑑𝑢

𝐼 = ∫ √4𝑢2 + 32 𝑑𝑢 ------ (a)

4𝑢2 +32
𝐼 = 2∫√ 22
𝑑𝑢

3 2 𝑑 3 2
𝐼=2 [√𝑢2 + (2) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ {𝑑𝑢 (√𝑢2 + (2) ) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑢} 𝑑𝑢]

3 2 1
𝐼=2 [𝑢 √𝑢2 + (2) − ∫{  2𝑢 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑢} 𝑑𝑢]
3 2
2 √𝑢2 + ( )
2

3 2 𝑢
𝐼=2 [𝑢 √𝑢2 + (2) − ∫{ 2
∫ 1 𝑑𝑢} 𝑑𝑢]
√𝑢2 + (3)
2

3 2 𝑢
𝐼=2 [𝑢 √𝑢2 + (2) − ∫{ 2
 𝑢} 𝑑𝑢]
√𝑢2 + (3)
2

66
 67

3 2 𝑢2
𝐼=2 [𝑢 √𝑢2 + (2) − ∫{ 2
} 𝑑𝑢]
√𝑢2 + (3)
2

3 2 𝑢2
𝐼=2 [𝑢 √𝑢2 + (2) −∫ 2
𝑑𝑢]
√𝑢2 + (3)
2

3 2 3 2
3 2 𝑢2 + ( ) − ( )
𝐼=2 [𝑢 √𝑢2 + (2) −∫ 2 2
2
𝑑𝑢]
√𝑢2 + (3)
2

3 2 3 2
3 2 𝑢2 + ( ) ( )
𝐼=2 [𝑢 √𝑢2 + (2) − ∫( 2
− 2
) 𝑑𝑢]
2 2
√𝑢2 + (3) √𝑢2 + (3)
2 2

3 2
3 2 3 2 ( )
𝐼=2 [𝑢 √𝑢2 + (2) − ∫ (√𝑢2 + (2) − 2
2
) 𝑑𝑢]
√𝑢2 + (3)
2

3 2
3 2 4𝑢2 + 32 ( )
𝐼=2 [𝑢 √𝑢2 + (2) − ∫√ 22
𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 2
2
𝑑𝑢]
√𝑢2 + (3)
2

3 2
3 2 1 ( )
𝐼=2 [𝑢 √𝑢2 + (2) − ∫ √4𝑢2 + 32 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 2
𝑑𝑢]
2 2
√𝑢2 + (3)
2

3 2 1 3 2 𝑑𝑢
𝐼=2 [𝑢 √𝑢2 + (2) − 2 𝐼 + (2) ∫ 2
] Using (a)
√𝑢2 + (3)
2

3 2 1 3 2 3 2
𝐼=2 [𝑢 √𝑢2 + (2) − 2 𝐼 + (2) log (𝑢 + √𝑢2 + (2) ) ]

3 2 3 2 3 2
𝐼 = 2𝑢 √𝑢2 + (2) − 𝐼 + 2 (2) log (𝑢 + √𝑢2 + (2) )

3 2 9 3 2
𝐼 + 𝐼 = 2𝑢 √𝑢2 + (2) + 2 log (𝑢 + √𝑢2 + (2) )

3 2 9 3 2
2𝐼 = 2𝑢 √𝑢2 + ( ) + log (𝑢 + √𝑢2 + ( ) )
2 2 2

1 3 2 19 3 2
𝐼 = (2𝑢 √𝑢2 + ( ) + log (𝑢 + √𝑢2 + ( ) ) )
2 2 22 2

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3 2 9 3 2
𝐼 = 𝑢 √𝑢2 + (2) + 4 log (𝑢 + √𝑢2 + (2) )

1 1 3 2 9 2 1 1 3 2 2
𝐼 = (𝑥 − 2) √(𝑥 − 2) + (2) + 4 log ((𝑥 − 2) + √(𝑥 − 2) + (2) )

1 10 9 2𝑥−1 10
𝐼 = 2 (2𝑥 − 1) √𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4
+ 4 log (( 2
)+ √𝑥 2 − 𝑥 +
4
)

1 √4𝑥 2 −4𝑥+ 10 9 2𝑥−1 √4𝑥 2 −4𝑥+ 10

𝐼 = 2 (2𝑥 − 1) + 4 log (( )+ )
√4 2 √4

1 √4𝑥 2 −4𝑥+ 10 9 2𝑥−1 √4𝑥 2 −4𝑥+ 10

𝐼 = 2 (2𝑥 − 1) 2
+ 4 log (( 2
) + 2
)

1 9 (2𝑥−1)+√4𝑥 2 −4𝑥+ 10
𝐼 = 4 (2𝑥 − 1) √4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 10 + 4 log ( 2
)

1 9
𝐼 = 4 (2𝑥 − 1) √4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 10 + 4 {log ((2𝑥 − 1) + √4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 10 ) – log 2}

1 9 9
𝐼 = (2𝑥 − 1) √10 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 + log ((2𝑥 − 1) + √10 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 ) − log 2
4 4 4

24. (i) ∫ √18𝑥 − 65 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ √4 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ √18𝑥 − 65 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

Here,

18𝑥 − 65 − 𝑥 2 = −(𝑥 2 − 18 𝑥 + 65 )

18𝑥 − 65 − 𝑥 2 = −(𝑥 2 − 2 ∙ 9 ∙ 𝑥 + 92 − 92 + 65 )

18𝑥 − 65 − 𝑥 2 = −((𝑥 + 9)2 − 92 + 65 )

18𝑥 − 65 − 𝑥 2 = −((𝑥 + 9)2 − 81 + 65 )

18𝑥 − 65 − 𝑥 2 = −((𝑥 + 9)2 − 16 )

18𝑥 − 65 − 𝑥 2 = 16 − (𝑥 + 9)2

18𝑥 − 65 − 𝑥 2 = 42 − (𝑥 + 9)2

68
 69

N𝑜𝑤,

𝐼 = ∫ √18𝑥 − 65 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ √42 − (𝑥 + 9)2 𝑑𝑥

Take, 𝑥 + 9 = 𝑢  𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢

𝐼 = ∫ √42 − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
Using
𝑢 √4 2 − 𝑢2 42 𝑢
𝐼= 2
+ 2
sin−1 (4 )
𝑥√𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑎2 𝑥
∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2
+ 2
sin−1 𝑎
(𝑥+9) √4 2 − (𝑥+9)2 16 𝑥−9
𝐼= 2
+ 2
sin−1 ( 4 )

(𝑥+9) √18𝑥−65− 𝑥 2 𝑥−9

𝐼= 2
+ 8 sin−1 ( 4
)

(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ √4 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

Here, 4 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 = −(2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4)

3
4 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 = −2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2)
2

3 3 2 3 2
4 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 = −2 (𝑥 2 + 2 ∙ 4 ∙ 𝑥 + (4) − (4) − 2)

3 2 9
4 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 = −2 ((𝑥 + 4) − 16 − 2)

3 2 41
4 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 = −2 ((𝑥 + 4) − 16)
41 3 2
4 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 = 2 (16 − (𝑥 + 4) )
N𝑜𝑤,
𝐼 = ∫ √4 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

41 3 2
𝐼 = ∫ √2 (16 − (𝑥 + 4) ) 𝑑𝑥

41 3 2
𝐼 = √2 ∫ √16 − (𝑥 + 4) 𝑑𝑥

69
 70

2
√41 3 2
𝐼 = √2 ∫ √( ) − (𝑥 + ) 𝑑𝑥
4 4

3
Take(𝑥 + 4) = 𝑢  𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢

Now,
2
Using
√41 3 2
𝐼 = √2 ∫ √( 4 ) − (𝑥 + 4) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥√𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑎2 𝑥
∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = + sin−1
2 2 𝑎
2
√41
𝐼 = √2 ∫ √( ) − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
4

2
√41 2
𝑢√( ) −𝑢2 (
√41
)
4 𝑢
4
𝐼 = √2 2
+ 2
sin−1 ( √41 )
4
[ ]
41 41
𝑢√ −𝑢2 𝑢
16
𝐼 = √2 [ 2
+ 16
2
sin−1 ( √41 )]
4

41−16 𝑢2 41
𝑢√ − 4
𝐼 = √2 [ 16
2
+ 16
2
sin−1 ( 𝑢)]
√41

41
𝑢√41−16 𝑢2 4
𝐼 = √2 [ 2 4
+ 16
2
sin−1 ( 𝑢)]
√41

𝑢√41−16 𝑢2 41 4
𝐼 = √2 [ 8
+ 32 sin−1 ( 𝑢)]
√41

3 2
𝑢√41−16 (𝑥+ ) 41 4 3
𝐼 = √2 [ 8
4
+ 32 sin−1 ( (𝑥 + 4))]
√41

3 9
𝑢√41−16 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥+ ) 41 4 4𝑥+3
2 16
𝐼 = √2 [ 8
+ 32 sin−1 ( ( 4 ))]
√41

𝑢√41−16 𝑥 2 −24𝑥−9 41 4 4𝑥+3

𝐼 = √2 [ 8
+ 32 sin−1 ( 41 ( 4 ))]
√

70
 71

𝑢√8(4−2 𝑥 2 −3𝑥) 41 4 4𝑥+3

𝐼 = √2 [ 8
+ 32 sin−1 ( 41 ( 4 ))]
√

𝑢√8 √4−2 𝑥 2 −3𝑥 41 4𝑥+3

𝐼 = √2 [ 8
+ 32 sin−1 ( )]
√41

3
(𝑥+ ) √4−2 𝑥 2 −3𝑥 41 4𝑥+3
𝐼 = √2 [ 4
+ 32 sin−1 ( )]
√8 √41

4𝑥+3
( ) √4−2 𝑥 2 −3𝑥 41 4𝑥+3
𝐼 = √2 [ 4
+ sin−1 ( )]
√8 32 √41

(4𝑥+3) √4−2 𝑥 2 −3𝑥 41 4𝑥+3

𝐼 = √2 [ 4√8
+ 32 sin−1 ( )]
√41

(4𝑥+3) √4−2 𝑥 2 −3𝑥 41 4𝑥+3

𝐼 = √2 [ 42√2
+ 32 sin−1 ( )]
√41

(4𝑥+3) √4−2 𝑥 2 −3𝑥 41√2 4𝑥+3

𝐼= 42
+ 32
sin−1 ( 41 )
√

1 41√2 4𝑥+3
𝐼= (4𝑥 + 3) √4 − 3𝑥 − 2 𝑥 2 + sin−1 ( )
8 32 √41

25. ∫ √5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 𝑑𝑥

Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ √5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 𝑑𝑥

Here,
8 4
5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 = 5 (𝑥 2 + 5 𝑥 + 5)

4 4 2 4 2 4
5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 = 5 {𝑥 2 + 2 ∙ 𝑥 + ( ) − ( ) + }
5 5 5 5

4 2 4 2 4
5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 = 5 {(𝑥 + 5) − (5) + 5}

4 2 16 4
5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 = 5 {(𝑥 + 5) − 25 + 5}

4 2 16+20
5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 = 5 {(𝑥 + 5) − 25
}

71
 72

4 2 4
5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 = 5 {(𝑥 + 5) + 25}

4 2 2 2
5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 = 5 {(𝑥 + ) + ( ) }
5 5

Now,

𝐼 = ∫ √5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 𝑑𝑥

4 2 2 2
𝐼 = ∫ √5 {(𝑥 + ) + ( ) } 𝑑𝑥
5 5
Using

4 2 2 2 𝑥 √𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑎2
𝐼 = √5 ∫ √(𝑥 + 5) + (5) 𝑑𝑥 ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = + log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )
2 2

4 2 2 2
𝐼 = √5 [∫ √(𝑥 + 5) + (5) 𝑑𝑥]

4
Take, 𝑥 + = 𝑢  𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
5

2 2
𝐼 = √5 [∫ √𝑢2 + ( ) 𝑑𝑢]
5

2 2 2 2
𝑢 √𝑢2 +( ) ( ) 2 2
5
𝐼 = √5 [ 2
+ 5
2
log (𝑢 + √𝑢2 + (5) )]

4 4 2 2 2 4
(𝑥+ )√(𝑥+ ) +( ) 4 4 2 2 2
5 5 5
𝐼 = √5 [ 2
+ 25
2
log ((𝑥 + 5) + √(𝑥 + 5) + (5) )]

5𝑥 + 4 4 2 2 2
( )√(𝑥+ ) +( ) 4 5𝑥+4 2 2
𝐼 = √5 [ 5 5 5
+ log (( 5 ) + √(𝑥 + 4) + (2) )]
2 50 5 5

8 16 4
(5𝑥 + 4)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥+ +
5 25 25 4 5𝑥+4 8 16 4
𝐼 = √5 [ + log (( 5 ) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + + )]
25 50 5 25 25

72
 73

8 16+4
(5𝑥 + 4)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥+
5 25 4 5𝑥+4 8 16+4
𝐼 = √5 [ + log (( 5 ) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + )]
10 50 5 25

8 20
(5𝑥 + 4)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥+
5 25 2 5𝑥+4 8 20
𝐼 = √5 [ + log (( 5 ) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + )]
10 25 5 25

8 4
(5𝑥 + 4)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥+
5 5 2 5𝑥+4 8 4
𝐼 = √5 [ + log (( 5 ) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + )]
10 25 5 5

5 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 +4
(5𝑥 + 4)√ 2 5𝑥+4 5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4
5
𝐼 = √5 [ + log (( 5 ) + √ )]
10 25 5

(5𝑥 + 4)√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4 2 5𝑥+4 √5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4

𝐼 = √5 [ 10√5
+ 25
log (( 5
) + )]
√5

(5𝑥 + 4)√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4 2 √5(5𝑥+4)+5√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4

𝐼 = √5 [ 10√5
+ 25
log ( 5√5
)]

(5𝑥 + 4)√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4 2 √5(5𝑥+4)+5√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4

𝐼 = √5 [ + log ( )]
10√5 25 5√5

(5𝑥 + 4)√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4 2 √5(5𝑥+4)+5√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4

𝐼= 10
+ 25√5
log ( 5√5
)

(5𝑥 + 4)√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4 2 √5(5𝑥+4)+5√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4

𝐼= 10
+ 25√5
[log ( 5√5
)]

(5𝑥 + 4)√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4 2
𝐼= 10
+ 25√5
[log(√5(5𝑥 + 4) + 5√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 ) − log 5√5]

(5𝑥 + 4)√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4 2 2
𝐼= 10
+ 25√5
log(√5(5𝑥 + 4) + 5√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 ) − 25√5 log 5√5

(5𝑥 + 4)√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4 2 2
𝐼= 10
+ 25√5
[log(√5(5𝑥 + 4) + 5√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 )] − 25√5 log 5√5

(5𝑥 + 4)√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4 2 2
𝐼= 10
+ 25√5
[log {√5 ((5𝑥 + 4) + √5√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 )}] − 25√5 log 5√5

(5𝑥 + 4)√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4 2 2
𝐼= 10
+ 25√5
[log √5 + log ((5𝑥 + 4) + √5√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 )] − 25√5 log 5√5

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(5𝑥 + 4)√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4 2 2 2
𝐼= 10
+ 25√5
log √5 + 25√5 log ((5𝑥 + 4) + √5√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 ) − 25√5 log 5√5

(5𝑥 + 4)√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4 2
𝐼= 10
+ 25√5
log ((5𝑥 + 4) + √5√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 )

(5𝑥 + 4)√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 +4 2
𝐼= + log ((5𝑥 + 4) + √5(5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4) )
10 25√5

1 2
𝐼 = 10 (5𝑥 + 4)√5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 + 25√5
log ((5𝑥 + 4) + √5(5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4) )

𝑑𝑥
26. ∫
𝑥+ √𝑥 2 −1

𝑑𝑥
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫
𝑥+ √𝑥 2 −1

𝑑𝑥 𝑥− √𝑥 2 −1
𝐼=∫ ( )
𝑥+ √𝑥 2 −1 𝑥− √𝑥 2 −1

𝑥− √𝑥 2 −1
𝐼=∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 − (√𝑥 2 −1)

𝑥− √𝑥 2 −1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 − (𝑥 2 −1) 𝑑𝑥

𝑥− √𝑥 2 −1
𝐼=∫ 1
𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑥

1 2
𝐼= 2
𝑥 − ∫ √𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥

1 2 𝑥√𝑥 2 −1 1
𝐼= 2
𝑥 − { 2
− 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1)}

1 2 𝑥√𝑥 2 −1 1
𝐼= 2
𝑥 − 2
+ 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1)

1
𝐼= 2
{𝑥(𝑥 − √𝑥 2 − 1 ) + log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1) }

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27. ∫ √2𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ √2𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

Here,
2𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = −(𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥)

2𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = −(𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 2 − 𝑏 2 )

2𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = −( (𝑥 + 𝑏)2 − 𝑏 2 )

2𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑏 2 − (𝑥 + 𝑏)2

Now,
𝐼 = ∫ √2𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ √𝑏 2 − (𝑥 + 𝑏)2 𝑑𝑥

Take, 𝑥 + 𝑏 = 𝑢  𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢

𝐼 = ∫ √𝑏 2 − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑥
Using
𝑢 √𝑏2 −𝑢2 𝑏2 𝑢
𝐼= + sin−1 𝑏 𝑥 √𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 𝑥2 𝑥
2 2 ∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2
+ 2
sin−1 𝑎

(𝑥+𝑏) √(𝑥+𝑏)2 −𝑢2 𝑏2 𝑥+𝑏

𝐼= + sin−1 ( )
2 2 𝑏

1 𝑏2 𝑥+𝑏
𝐼 = (𝑥 + 𝑏) √2𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + sin−1 ( )
2 2 𝑏

28. ∫ √(𝑥 − 𝛼)(𝛽 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ √(𝑥 − 𝛼)(𝛽 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

Take, 𝑥 = 𝛼 cos 2 𝜃 + 𝛽 sin2 𝜃

𝑑𝑥 𝑑
𝑑𝜃
= 𝑑𝜃 (𝛼 cos2 𝜃 + 𝛽 sin2 𝜃)

𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝜃
= −2𝛼 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 + 2 𝛽 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

75
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𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝜃
= (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝜃
= (𝛽 − 𝛼) sin 2𝜃

𝑑𝑥 = (𝛽 − 𝛼) sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃

Now,

𝐼 = ∫ √(𝑥 − 𝛼)(𝛽 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ √(𝛼 cos 2 𝜃 + 𝛽 sin2 𝜃 − 𝛼){𝛽 − (𝛼 cos2 𝜃 + 𝛽 sin2 𝜃)} (𝛽 − 𝛼) sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐼 = ∫ √(𝛽 − 𝛼) sin2 𝜃 (𝛽 − 𝛼) cos2 𝜃 (𝛽 − 𝛼) sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐼 = ∫ √{(𝛽 − 𝛼) sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃}2 (𝛽 − 𝛼) sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐼 = ∫(𝛽 − 𝛼) sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 (𝛽 − 𝛼) sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐼 = (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 ∫ sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃

1
𝐼 = (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 ∫ 2 2sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃

1
𝐼 = (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 ∫ 2sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃
2 cos 4𝜃 = cos 2 2𝜃 − sin2 2𝜃
1
𝐼 = (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 ∫ sin 2𝜃 sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃 cos 4𝜃 = 1 − sin2 2𝜃 − sin2 2𝜃
2

1
cos 4𝜃 = 1 − 2sin2 2𝜃
(𝛽 2 2
𝐼= 2
− 𝛼) ∫ sin 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃
1
 sin2 2𝜃 = 2 (1 − cos 4𝜃 )
1 1
𝐼 = 2 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 ∫ 2 (1 − cos 4𝜃 ) 𝑑𝜃

1
𝐼 = (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 ∫(1 − cos 4𝜃 ) 𝑑𝜃
4

1 sin 4𝜃
𝐼 = 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 (𝜃 − 4
)

1 1
𝐼 = 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 𝜃 − 16 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 sin 4𝜃

We take,
𝑥 = 𝛼 cos 2 𝜃 + 𝛽 sin2 𝜃

76
 77

𝑥 = 𝛼 (1 − sin2 𝜃) + 𝛽 sin2 𝜃

𝑥 = 𝛼 − 𝛼 sin2 𝜃 + 𝛽 sin2 𝜃

𝑥 − 𝛼 = − 𝛼 sin2 𝜃 + 𝛽 sin2 𝜃

𝑥 − 𝛼 = (𝛽 − 𝛼) sin2 𝜃

𝑥− 𝛼
𝛽−𝛼
= sin2 𝜃 ------- (a)

𝑥− 𝛼
sin 𝜃 = √ 𝛽−𝛼 ----- (b)

𝑥− 𝛼
 𝜃 = sin−1 √ 𝛽−𝛼 ----- (c)

Also, from (a) we have

𝑥− 𝛼
= sin2 𝜃
𝛽−𝛼

𝑥− 𝛼
𝛽−𝛼
= 1 − cos 2 𝜃

𝑥− 𝛼
cos 2 𝜃 = 1 −
𝛽−𝛼

𝛽−𝑥
cos 𝜃 = √ ------ (d)
𝛽−𝛼

Thus,
sin 4𝜃 = 4 sin 𝜃 cos 3 𝜃 − 4 cos 𝜃 sin3 𝜃
1 2 1 2
𝐼= (𝛽 − 𝛼) 𝜃 − (𝛽 − 𝛼) sin 4𝜃
4 16

1 1
𝐼 = 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 𝜃 − 16 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 {4 sin 𝜃 cos3 𝜃 − 4 cos 𝜃 sin3 𝜃}

1 4
𝐼 = (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 𝜃 − (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 {sin 𝜃 cos3 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 sin3 𝜃}
4 16

1 1
𝐼 = 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 𝜃 − 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 {sin 𝜃 cos 3 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 sin3 𝜃}

77
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3 3
1 1 𝑥− 𝛼 𝛽−𝑥 𝛽−𝑥 𝑥− 𝛼
𝐼= 4
(𝛽 2
− 𝛼) 𝜃 − 4
(𝛽 − 𝛼) 2
{√ 𝛽−𝛼  (√𝛽−𝛼) − √𝛽−𝛼  (√ 𝛽−𝛼 ) } Using (b) and (d)

3 3
1 1 √𝑥−𝛼 √𝛽−𝑥 𝛽−𝑥 √𝑥−𝛼
𝐼 = 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 𝜃 − 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 { ( ) − √𝛽−𝛼  ( ) }
√𝛽−𝛼 √𝛽−𝛼 √𝛽−𝛼

3 3
1 1 √𝑥−𝛼 (√𝛽−𝑥) √𝛽−𝑥 (√𝑥−𝛼)
𝐼= 4
(𝛽 2
− 𝛼) 𝜃 − 4
(𝛽 − 𝛼) 2
{  3 −  3 }
√𝛽−𝛼 (√𝛽−𝛼) √𝛽−𝛼 (√𝛽−𝛼)

3 3
1 1 (√𝛽−𝑥) (√𝑥−𝛼)
𝐼 = 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 𝜃 − 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 {√𝑥 − 𝛼  4 − √𝛽 − 𝑥  4 }
(√𝛽−𝛼) (√𝛽−𝛼)

3 3
1 2 1 2 √𝑥−𝛼 (√𝛽−𝑥) −√𝛽−𝑥 (√𝑥−𝛼)
𝐼= (𝛽 − 𝛼) 𝜃 − (𝛽 − 𝛼) { 4 }
4 4 (√𝛽−𝛼)

3 3
1 1 √𝑥−𝛼 (√𝛽−𝑥) −√𝛽−𝑥 (√𝑥−𝛼)
𝐼 = 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 𝜃 − 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 { (𝛽−𝛼)2
}

1 1 3 3
𝐼 = 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 𝜃 − 4 { √𝑥 − 𝛼 (√𝛽 − 𝑥) − √𝛽 − 𝑥 (√𝑥 − 𝛼) }

1 1 2 2
𝐼 = 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 𝜃 − 4 √𝑥 − 𝛼√𝛽 − 𝑥 { (√𝛽 − 𝑥) − (√𝑥 − 𝛼) }

1 1
𝐼 = 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 𝜃 − 4 √(𝑥 − 𝛼)(𝛽 − 𝑥){ (𝛽 − 𝑥) − (𝑥 − 𝛼) }

1 1
𝐼 = 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 𝜃 − 4 √(𝑥 − 𝛼)(𝛽 − 𝑥){ (𝛼 + 𝛽 − 2𝑥) }

1 1
𝐼 = 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 𝜃 − 4 √(𝑥 − 𝛼)(𝛽 − 𝑥){− (2𝑥 − 𝛼 − 𝛽) }

1 1
𝐼 = 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 𝜃 + 4 √(𝑥 − 𝛼)(𝛽 − 𝑥) (2𝑥 − 𝛼 − 𝛽)

1 1
𝐼 = (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 𝜃 + (2𝑥 − 𝛼 − 𝛽)√(𝑥 − 𝛼)(𝛽 − 𝑥)
4 4

1 𝑥− 𝛼 1
𝐼 = 4 (𝛽 − 𝛼)2 sin−1 √ 𝛽−𝛼 + 4 (2𝑥 − 𝛼 − 𝛽)√(𝑥 − 𝛼)(𝛽 − 𝑥) Using (c)

1 𝑥− 𝛼
𝐼 = 4 {(𝛽 − 𝛼)2 sin−1 √ 𝛽−𝛼 + (2𝑥 − 𝛼 − 𝛽)√(𝑥 − 𝛼)(𝛽 − 𝑥)}

78
 79

29. (i) ∫(𝑥 − 1) √𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫(𝑥 + 𝑏)√𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥

(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫(𝑥 − 1) √𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ √𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝐼1 − 𝐼2 Where, 𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 1 and 𝐼2 = ∫ √𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥

Here,

𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 1

1
Take, 𝑥 2 − 1 = 𝑢  𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝑑𝑢
Now,
𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑥 √𝑥 2 − 1

1
𝐼1 = ∫ √𝑢 2
𝑑𝑢

1
1
𝐼1 = 2 ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢

3
1 𝑢2
𝐼1 =
2
 3
2

3
1
𝐼1 = 3 𝑢2

3
1
𝐼1 = 3 (𝑥 2 − 1)2

And
𝑥 √𝑥 2 −𝑎 2 1
𝐼2 = ∫ √𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥 ∫ √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = 2
− 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 )

𝑥 √𝑥 2 −1 1
𝐼2 = − log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1)
2 2

Thus,
𝐼 = 𝐼1 − 𝐼2

3
1 𝑥 √𝑥 2 −1 1
𝐼 = 3 (𝑥 2 − 1)2 − ( 2
− 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1))

79
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3
1 𝑥 √𝑥 2 −1 1
𝐼 = 3 (𝑥 2 − 1)2 − 2
+ 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1)

(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫(𝑥 + 𝑏)√𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥√𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑏 ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝐼1 + 𝑏 𝐼2 Where, 𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑥√𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 and 𝐼2 = ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥

Here,

𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑥√𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥
1
Take, 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 = 𝑢  𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2
𝑑𝑢

Now,
1
𝐼1 = ∫ √𝑢 2
𝑑𝑢

1
𝐼1 = 2 ∫ √𝑢 𝑑𝑢

1
1
𝐼1 = 2 ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢

3
1 𝑢2
𝐼1 = 2  3
2

3
1
𝐼1 = 𝑢2
3

3
1
𝐼1 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )2
3

And

𝐼2 = ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥√𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑎2
𝐼2 = + log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )
2 2

Thus,

𝐼 = 𝐼1 + 𝑏 𝐼2
3
1 𝑏𝑥 √𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑏
𝐼 = 3 (𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )2 + 2
+ 2
log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )

80
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30. (i) ∫(𝑥 − 1)√𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫(𝑥 + 2)√2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫(𝑥 − 1)√𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = ∫ 2 2(𝑥 − 1)√𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 2 ∫(2𝑥 − 2)√𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 2 ∫(2𝑥 − 1 − 1)√𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 2 ∫{(2𝑥 − 1) − 1}√𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = 2 ∫(2𝑥 − 1)√𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 − 2 ∫ √𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = 2 𝐼1 − 2 𝐼2 Where, 𝐼1 = ∫(2𝑥 − 1)√𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

And 𝐼2 = ∫ √𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

Here,

𝐼1 = ∫(2𝑥 − 1)√𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

Take, 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑢  (2𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢

Now,

𝐼1 = ∫(2𝑥 − 1)√𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

𝐼1 = ∫ √𝑢 𝑑𝑢
1
𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
3
𝑢2
𝐼1 = 3
2

3
2
𝐼1 = 3
𝑢2

3
2
𝐼1 = (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1)2
3

𝐴𝑛𝑑,

𝐼2 = ∫ √𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

2
1 2 √3
𝐼2 = ∫ √(𝑥 − 2) + ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑥

81
 82

1
Take, 𝑥 − 2 = 𝑣  𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑣

Now,

2
1 2 √3
𝐼2 = ∫ √(𝑥 − ) + ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 Using,
2 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 𝑎 2 𝑎2
√3 ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = + log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )
𝐼2 = ∫ √𝑣 2 + ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 2

2
√3 2
𝑣 √𝑣 2 + ( ) (
√3
) 2
2
√3
log (𝑣 + √𝑣 2 + ( 2 ) )
2
𝐼2 = 2
+ 2

3 3
𝑣 √𝑣 2 + 3
4
𝐼2 = + 4
log (𝑣 + √𝑣 2 + )
2 2 4

1 1 2 3
(𝑥− ) √(𝑥− ) + 3 1 1 2 3
2 2 4
𝐼2 = + log ((𝑥 − ) + √(𝑥 − ) + )
2 8 2 2 4

2𝑥−1 1 3
( ) √𝑥 2 −𝑥 + + 3 2𝑥−1 1 3
2 4 4
𝐼2 = + 8 log (( )+ √ 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + +4)
2 2 4

(2𝑥−1) √𝑥 2 −𝑥 + 1 3 2𝑥−1
𝐼2 = 4
+ 8 log (( 2
)+ √ 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1 )

Thus,
1 1
𝐼 = 2 𝐼1 − 2 𝐼2

3
12 1 (2𝑥−1) √𝑥 2 −𝑥 + 1 3 2𝑥−1
𝐼 = 2 3 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1)2 − 2 { 4
+ 8 log (( 2
)+ √ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 )}

3
1 (2𝑥−1) √𝑥 2 −𝑥 + 1 3 2𝑥−1
𝐼= (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1)2 − − log {( )+ √ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1}
3 8 16 2

(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫(𝑥 + 2)√2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = ∫(4𝑥 + 8)√2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥
4

1
𝐼 = 4 ∫(4𝑥 + 2 + 6)√2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

82
 83

1 6
𝐼 = 4 ∫(4𝑥 + 2)√2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + 4 ∫ √2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

1 6
𝐼 = 4 𝐼1 + 𝐼
4 2
Where, 𝐼1 = ∫(𝑥 + 1)√2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 and 𝐼2 = ∫ √2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

Here,

𝐼1 = ∫(4𝑥 + 2)√2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

Take, 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 𝑢  (4𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢

Now,

𝐼1 = ∫ √𝑢 𝑑𝑢
1
𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
3
𝑢2
𝐼1 = 3
2

3
2
𝐼1 = 3 𝑢2

3
2
𝐼1 = 3 (2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)2

And

𝐼2 = ∫ √2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼2 = ∫ √2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2 ) 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼2 = √2 ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑥

1 2 1 2
𝐼2 = √2 ∫ √(𝑥 + ) + ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2

1 1 2 1 2 1 2
(𝑥+ ) √(𝑥+ ) +( ) ( ) 1 1 2 1 2
2 2 2
𝐼2 = √2 { 2
+ 2
2
log {(𝑥 + 2) + √(𝑥 + 2) + (2) }}

2𝑥+1 1 1
( ) √𝑥 2 + 𝑥+ 2𝑥+1 1
2 2
𝐼2 = √2 { + 4
log {( )+ √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + }}
2 2 2 2

83
 84

2𝑥2 +2 𝑥+1
(2𝑥+1) √ 1 2𝑥+1 2𝑥 2 +2 𝑥+1
2
𝐼2 = √2 { + log {( 2 ) + √ }}
4 8 2

(2𝑥+1) √2𝑥 2 +2 𝑥+1 1 2𝑥+1 √2𝑥 2 +2 𝑥+1

𝐼2 = √2 { 4√2
+ 8
log {( 2 ) + }}
√2

(2𝑥+1) √2𝑥 2 +2 𝑥+1 1 √2(2𝑥+1) + 2√2𝑥 2 +2 𝑥+1

𝐼2 = √2 { 4√2
+ 8
log { 2√2
}}

(2𝑥+1) √2𝑥 2 +2 𝑥+1 1

𝐼2 = √2 { 4√2
+ 8
[log(√2(2𝑥 + 1) + 2√2𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 + 1) − log 2√2]}

(2𝑥+1) √2𝑥 2 +2 𝑥+1 1 1

𝐼2 = √2 { + log(√2(2𝑥 + 1) + 2√2𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 + 1) − log 2√2}
4√2 8 8

(2𝑥+1) √2𝑥 2 +2 𝑥+1 1 1

𝐼2 = √2 { 4√2
+ 8
log {√2 ((2𝑥 + 1) + √2 √2𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 + 1 )} − 8 log 2√2}

(2𝑥+1) √2𝑥 2 +2 𝑥+1 1 1 1

𝐼2 = √2 { 4√2
+ 8
log ((2𝑥 + 1) + √2(2𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 + 1) ) + 8 log √2 − 8 log 2√2}

(2𝑥+1) √2𝑥 2 +2 𝑥+1 1

𝐼2 = √2 { + log ((2𝑥 + 1) + √2(2𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 + 1) ) + 𝐴}
4√2 8

1 1
Where, 𝐴 = log √2 − log 2√2
8 8

Thus,
1 6
𝐼 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼
4 4 2

3
1 2 6 √2 (2𝑥+1) √2𝑥 2 +2 𝑥+1 6 √2 1
𝐼 =  (2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)2 + { +  8 log ((2𝑥 + 1) + √2(2𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 + 1) ) +
4 3 4 4√2 4

𝐴}

3
1 3 3 √2
𝐼 = 6 (2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)2 + 8 (2𝑥 + 1) √2𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 + 1 + 16
log ((2𝑥 + 1) + √2(2𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 + 1) ) +
3 √2
16
𝐴

3
1 3 3
𝐼 = 6 (2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)2 + 8 (2𝑥 + 1) √2𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 + 1 + 8√2
log ((2𝑥 + 1) + √2(2𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 + 1) ) +
3 √2
16
𝐴

3
1 3 3
𝐼 = 6 (2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)2 + 8 (2𝑥 + 1) √2𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 + 1 + 8√2
log ((2𝑥 + 1) + √2(2𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 + 1) ) + 𝐶

3 √2
Where, 𝐶 = 16
𝐴

84
 85

𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥+3
31. (i) ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2 √𝑥 + 𝑥+1

𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1
(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2

−1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥+2
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2

−(1− 𝑥 2 )+ 𝑥+2
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2

−(1− 𝑥 2 ) 𝑥+2
𝐼 = ∫( + ) 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2 √1−𝑥 2

𝑥+2
𝐼 = ∫ (−√1 − 𝑥 2 + ) 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2

𝑥+2
𝐼 = − ∫ √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2

𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = − ∫ √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫
√1−𝑥 2 √1−𝑥 2

𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = −𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 2𝐼3 Where, 𝐼1 = ∫ √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 , 𝐼2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 and 𝐼3 = ∫
√1−𝑥 2 √1−𝑥 2

Here,

𝐼1 = ∫ √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
Using
𝑥 √1−𝑥 2 1
𝐼1 = + sin−1 𝑥 𝑥 √𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 1 𝑥
2 2
∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2
+ 2 sin−1 𝑎
And
𝑥
𝐼2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2

Take, 1 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑢2  𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑢 𝑑𝑢

Now,
𝑥
𝐼2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2

−𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝐼2 = ∫
√𝑢2

𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝐼2 = − ∫ 𝑢

𝐼2 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑢

𝐼2 = −𝑢

85
 86

𝐼2 = −√1 − 𝑥 2

Also
𝑑𝑥
𝐼3 = ∫
√1−𝑥 2

𝐼3 = sin−1 𝑥

Thus,

𝐼 = −𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 2𝐼3

𝑥 √1−𝑥 2 1
𝐼 = −( + sin−1 𝑥 ) − √1 − 𝑥 2 + 2 sin−1 𝑥
2 2

𝑥 √1−𝑥 2 1
𝐼=− 2
− 2 sin−1 𝑥 − √1 − 𝑥 2 + 2 sin−1 𝑥

3 (𝑥 +2)√1−𝑥 2
𝐼 = 2 sin−1 𝑥 − 2

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥+3
(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1

𝑥 2 + 𝑥+𝑥+1+2
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1

𝑥 2 +𝑥+1 𝑥+1+2
𝐼 = ∫( + ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1 √𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1

𝑥+3
𝐼 = ∫ (√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 + ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1

𝑥+3
𝐼 = ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 + 𝑥+1

1 2𝑥+6
𝐼 = ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 √𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1

1 2𝑥+1+5
𝐼 = ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫
2 √𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1
𝑑𝑥

1 2𝑥+1 5
𝐼 = ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (√𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1 + ) 𝑑𝑥
2 √𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1

1 2𝑥+1 5 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫
2 √𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1
𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 2
√𝑥 + 𝑥+1

2
1 2 √3 1 2𝑥+1 5 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ √(𝑥 + 2) + ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫
2 √𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1
𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫
2 2
√(𝑥+1) + (√3)
2 2

2
1 5 1 2 √3 2𝑥+1
𝐼 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼
2 2
+ 2 𝐼3 Where, 𝐼1 = ∫ √(𝑥 + 2) + ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝐼2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1

86
 87

𝑑𝑥
And 𝐼3 = ∫
2 2
√(𝑥+1) + (√3)
2 2

Here,

2
1 2 √3
𝐼1 = ∫ √(𝑥 + 2) + ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑥

1
Take, 𝑥 + 2 = 𝑢  𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑥√𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑎2
∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = 2
+ 2
log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )
2
√3
𝐼1 = ∫ √𝑢2 + ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑢

2
√3 2
𝑢√𝑢2 + ( ) (
√3
) 2
2
√3
log (𝑢 + √𝑢2 + ( 2 ) )
2
𝐼1 = 2
+ 2

1
(𝑥+ )√𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1 3 1
𝐼1 = 2
2
+ 8
log ((𝑥 + 2) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 )

1 3 1
𝐼1 = 4
(2𝑥 + 1)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 + 8
log ((𝑥 + 2) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 )

2𝑥+1
𝐼2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1

Take, 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑢2  (2𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝐼2 = ∫
√𝑢2

𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝐼2 = 2 ∫
𝑢

𝐼2 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑢

𝐼2 = 2𝑢

𝐼2 = 2√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1

And
𝑑𝑥
𝐼3 = ∫
2 2
√(𝑥+1) + (√3) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 = log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )

2
1 1 2 √3
𝐼3 = log {(𝑥 + ) + √(𝑥 + ) + ( ) }
2 2 2

87
 88

1
𝐼3 = log {(𝑥 + ) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1}
2

Thus,
1 5
𝐼 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼
2 2
+ 2 𝐼3

1 3 1 1 5 1
𝐼 = 4 (2𝑥 + 1)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 + 8 log ((𝑥 + 2) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 ) + 2 2√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 + 2 log {(𝑥 + 2) +

√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1}

1 1 3 5
𝐼 = 4 (2𝑥 + 1)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 + log ((𝑥 + 2) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 ) (8 + 2) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1

1 1 3+20
𝐼 = 4 (2𝑥 + 1)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 + log ((𝑥 + 2) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 ) ( 8
)+ √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1

1 23 1
𝐼 = 4 (2𝑥 + 1)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 + 8
log ((𝑥 + 2) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 ) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1

𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 −7
32. ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 + 2𝑥+3

𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 −7
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥+3

𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 −7
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√(𝑥+1)2 +2

Take, 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑢  𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢

And 𝑥 = 𝑢 − 1

Now,
𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 −7
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√(𝑥+1)2 +2

(𝑢−1)3 + 2(𝑢−1)2 −7
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑢2 +2

𝑢3 −3𝑢2 +3𝑢−1 + 2(𝑢2 − 2𝑢+1)−7

𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑢2 +2

𝑢3 −3𝑢2 +3𝑢−1 + 2𝑢2 − 4𝑢+2−7

𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑢2 +2

𝑢3 −𝑢2 −𝑢−6
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑢2 +2

88
 89

Take, 𝑢 = √2 tan 𝜃  𝑑𝑥 = √2 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

3 2
(√2 tan 𝜃) −(√2 tan 𝜃) −(√2 tan 𝜃)−6
𝐼=∫
2
√2 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
√(√2 tan 𝜃) +2
3
22 tan3 𝜃−2 tan2 𝜃−√2 tan 𝜃−6
𝐼=∫
√2 tan2 𝜃+2
√2 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

3
22 tan3 𝜃−2 tan2 𝜃−√2 tan 𝜃−6
𝐼=∫ √2 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
√2 (tan2 𝜃+1)

3
22 tan3 𝜃−2 tan2 𝜃−√2 tan 𝜃−6
𝐼=∫
√2 sec2 𝜃
√2 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

3
22 tan3 𝜃−2 tan2 𝜃−√2 tan 𝜃−6
𝐼= ∫ √2 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
√2 sec 𝜃

3
𝐼 = ∫ (22 tan3 𝜃 − 2 tan2 𝜃 − √2 tan 𝜃 − 6) sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

3
𝐼 = ∫ (22 sec 𝜃 tan3 𝜃 − 2 sec 𝜃 tan2 𝜃 − √2 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 6 sec 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃

3
𝐼 = 22 ∫ sec 𝜃 tan3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − 2 ∫ sec 𝜃 tan2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − √2 ∫ sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − 6 ∫ sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

Here,

∫ sec 𝜃 tan3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ tan2 𝜃 tan 𝜃 sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

∫ sec 𝜃 tan3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = ∫(sec 2 𝜃 − 1) tan 𝜃 sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

Take, sec 𝜃 = 𝑣  tan 𝜃 sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑑𝑣

∫ sec 𝜃 tan3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = ∫(𝑣 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑣

1
∫ sec 𝜃 tan3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 3 𝑣 3 − 𝑣

1
∫ sec 𝜃 tan3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 3 sec 3 𝜃 − sec 𝜃 ---------- (a)

∫ sec 𝜃 tan2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ sec 𝜃 (sec 2 𝜃 − 1) 𝑑𝜃

∫ sec 𝜃 tan2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ (sec 3 𝜃 − sec 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃

∫ sec 𝜃 tan2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ sec 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

89
 90

∫ sec 𝜃 tan2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ sec 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃)

Here,

Let, 𝐽 = ∫ sec 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐽 = ∫ sec 2 𝜃 sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑
𝐽 = sec 𝜃 ∫ sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (sec 𝜃) ∫ sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃

𝐽 = sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 − ∫ sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃  tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐽 = sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 − ∫ sec 𝜃 tan2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐽 = sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 − ∫ sec 𝜃 (sec 2 𝜃 − 1) 𝑑𝜃

𝐽 = sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 − ∫ sec 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 + ∫ sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝐽 = sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 𝐽 + log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃)

2𝐽 = sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 + log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃)

1 1
𝐽 = sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 + log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃)
2 2

Thus,

∫ sec 𝜃 tan2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ sec 3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃)

1 1
∫ sec 𝜃 tan2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 2 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 2 log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃) − log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃)

1 1
∫ sec 𝜃 tan2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 2 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 2 log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃) ------ (b)

∫ sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = sec 𝜃 ----------- (c)

∫ sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃) --------- (d)

90
 91

Now,

3
𝐼 = 22 ∫ sec 𝜃 tan3 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − 2 ∫ sec 𝜃 tan2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − √2 ∫ sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − 6 ∫ sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃

3
1 1 1
𝐼 = 22 (3 sec 3 𝜃 − sec 𝜃) − 2 (2 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 2 log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃)) − √2(sec 𝜃) − 6 log(tan 𝜃 +
sec 𝜃)

3
1
𝐼 = 22 (3 sec 3 𝜃 − sec 𝜃) − sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 + log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃) − √2(sec 𝜃) − 6 log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃)

3
3
22
𝐼= 3
sec 3 𝜃 − 22 sec 𝜃 − sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 − √2(sec 𝜃) − 5 log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃)

3
3
22
𝐼= sec 3 𝜃 − (22 + √2) sec 𝜃 − sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 5 log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃)
3

We take,
𝑢 = √2 tan 𝜃

𝑢
= tan 𝜃 ---- (i)
√2

𝑢 2
( 2) = tan2 𝜃
√

𝑢 2
( 2) = sec 2 𝜃 − 1
√

𝑢2
1+ = sec 2 𝜃
2

2 +𝑢2
2
= sec 2 𝜃

2 +𝑢2
√ = sec 𝜃 ------ (ii)
2

Now,

3
3
22
𝐼= 3
sec 3 𝜃 − (22 + √2) sec 𝜃 − sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 − 5 log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃)

3 3
3
22 2 +𝑢2 2 +𝑢2 2 +𝑢2 𝑢 𝑢 2 +𝑢2
𝐼=
3
(√ 2
) − (22 + √2) (√
2
)− (√ 2
) ( 2) − 5 log ( 2 + √
2
)
√ √

91
 92

3 1 3 1 1
3
22 (2 +𝑢2 )2 (2 +𝑢2 )2 (2 +𝑢2 )2 𝑢 𝑢 2 +𝑢2
𝐼= 3
( 1 ) − (22 + √2) ( 1 )−( 1 ) ( 2) − 5 log ( +√ )
22 22 22 √ √2 2

3 3 1 1 1
1
22 (2 +𝑢2 )2 2 22 + 2 2 2 )2 (2 +𝑢2 )2 𝑢 𝑢 2 +𝑢2
𝐼= 3 3 −( 1 )(2 + 𝑢 −( 1 ) ( 2) − 5 log ( +√ )
22 22 22 √ √2 2
1
3 1
1 2 )2 2 )2 (2 +(𝑥+1)2 )2 𝑥+1 𝑥+1 2 +(𝑥+1)2
𝐼= 3
(2 + (𝑥 + 1) − 3(2 + (𝑥 + 1) −( 1 )( )− 5 log ( +√ )
22 √2 √2 2

1
3 1
1 2 2 )2 (2+ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥+1)2 𝑥+1 𝑥+1 2+𝑥 2 + 2𝑥+1
𝐼= (2 + 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1) − 3(2 + (𝑥 + 1) 2 −( 1 )( )− 5 log ( + √ )
3 √2 √2 2
22

3 1 1
1 1 𝑥+1 2+𝑥 2 + 2𝑥+1
𝐼 = ( 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)2 − 3(2 + (𝑥 + 1)2 )2 − (𝑥 + 1)( 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)2 − 5 log ( +√ )
3 2 √2 2

3 1
1 (𝑥+1) 𝑥+1 2+𝑥 2 + 2𝑥+1
𝐼 = 3 ( 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)2 − (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)2 {3 + 2
} − 5 log ( + √ )
√2 2

3 1
1 6+𝑥+1 𝑥+1 2+𝑥 2 + 2𝑥+1
𝐼 = 3 ( 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)2 − (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)2 { 2
}− 5 log ( + √ )
√2 2

3 1
1 7+𝑥 𝑥+1 2+𝑥 2 + 2𝑥+1
𝐼 = 3 ( 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)2 − (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)2 { 2
}− 5 log ( + √ )
√2 2

3 1
1 7+𝑥 𝑥+1 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥+3
𝐼 = 3 ( 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)2 − ( 2
) (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)2 − 5 log ( +√ )
√2 2

3 1
1 1 𝑥+1 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥+3
𝐼 = ( 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)2 − (𝑥 + 7) (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3)2 − 5 log ( + √ )
3 2 √2 2

𝑎+𝑥 𝑎−𝑥
33. (i) ∫ √𝑎−𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (ii) ∫ 𝑥 √𝑎+𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑎+𝑥
(i) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ √𝑎−𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑎+𝑥 𝑎+𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ √𝑎−𝑥  𝑎+𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(𝑎+𝑥)2
𝐼 = ∫ √ 𝑎2 −𝑥2 𝑑𝑥

92
 93

𝑎+𝑥
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎 2 −𝑥 2

𝑎 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 √𝑎 2 −𝑥 2

𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑎∫ +∫
√𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 √𝑎 2 −𝑥 2

𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑎 sin−1 𝑎 + ∫
√𝑎 2 −𝑥 2

Take 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑢2  𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑎 sin−1 𝑎 − ∫
√𝑢2

𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝐼 = 𝑎 sin−1 − ∫
𝑎 𝑢

𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑎 sin−1 𝑎 − ∫ 𝑑𝑢

𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑎 sin−1 𝑎 − 𝑢

𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑎 sin−1 𝑎 − √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2

𝑎−𝑥
(ii) Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 √𝑎+𝑥 𝑑

𝑎−𝑥 𝑎−𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 √ 𝑎+𝑥  𝑎−𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(𝑎−𝑥)2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 √ 2 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 −𝑥

(𝑎−𝑥)
𝐼 = ∫𝑥 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2

𝑎𝑥−𝑥 2
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2

𝑥 𝑥2
𝐼 = 𝑎∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2 √𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2

𝑥 −𝑎 2 +𝑥 2 + 𝑎2
𝐼 = 𝑎∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2 √𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2

𝑥 −(𝑎 2 −𝑥 2 ) 𝑎2
𝐼 = 𝑎∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ ( + ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2 √𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2 √𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2

93
 94

𝑥 𝑎2
𝐼 = 𝑎∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (−√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 + ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2 √𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2

𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑎∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑎2 ∫
√𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2 √𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2

𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑎∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑎2 sin−1 𝑎
√𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2

𝑥 1 1 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑎∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 2 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 + 2 𝑎2 sin−1 𝑎 − 𝑎2 sin−1 𝑎
√𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2

𝑥 1 1 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑎∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 2 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − 2 𝑎2 sin−1 𝑎
√𝑎 2 − 𝑥 2

Taking 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑢2  𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑢 𝑑𝑢

–𝑢 𝑑𝑢 1 1 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑎∫ + 2 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − 2 𝑎2 sin−1 𝑎
√𝑢2

–𝑢 𝑑𝑢 1 1 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑎∫ + 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 sin−1
𝑢 2 2 𝑎

1 1 𝑥
𝐼 = −𝑎 ∫ 𝑑𝑢 + 2 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − 2 𝑎2 sin−1 𝑎

1 1 𝑥
𝐼 = −𝑎𝑢 + 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 sin−1
2 2 𝑎

1 1 𝑥
𝐼 = −𝑎√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − 2 𝑎2 sin−1 𝑎

1 1 𝑥
𝐼 = (2 𝑥 − 𝑎) √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 − 2 𝑎2 sin−1 𝑎

(𝑥+1)√𝑥+2
34. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥−2

(𝑥+1)√𝑥+2
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥−2

𝑥+2
𝐼 = ∫(𝑥 + 1)√𝑥−2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥+2 𝑥+2
𝐼 = ∫(𝑥 + 1)√ 
𝑥−2 𝑥+2
𝑑𝑥

(𝑥+2)2
𝐼 = ∫(𝑥 + 1)√ 𝑥2 −4 𝑑𝑥

94
 95

(𝑥+2)
𝐼 = ∫(𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 −4

𝑥 2 +3𝑥+2
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 −4

𝑥 2 − 4+3𝑥+6
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 −4

𝑥2− 4 3𝑥+6
𝐼 = ∫( + ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑥√𝑥 2 −𝑎2 𝑎2
√𝑥 2 −4 √𝑥 2 −4 ∫ √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = 2
−
2
log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 )

𝑥2− 4 3𝑥+6 6
𝐼 = ∫( + + ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 −4 √𝑥 2 −4 √𝑥 2 −4

3𝑥 6
𝐼 = ∫ (√𝑥 2 − 4 + + ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 −4 √𝑥 2 −4
𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 6 ∫ √𝑥 2 −𝑎2 = log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 )
𝐼 = ∫ √𝑥 2 − 4 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 −4 √𝑥 −4

𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ √𝑥 2 − 4 𝑑𝑥 + 3 ∫ + 6∫
√𝑥 2 −4 √𝑥 2 −4

𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ √𝑥 2 − 22 𝑑𝑥 + 3 ∫ + 6∫
√𝑥 2 −4 √𝑥 2 −22

𝑥√𝑥 2 −22 22 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼= − log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 22 ) + 3 ∫ + 6 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 22 )
2 2 √𝑥 2 −4

𝑥√𝑥 2 −22 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼= − 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 22 ) + 3 ∫ + 6 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 22 )
2 √𝑥 2 −4

Take 𝑥 2 − 4 = 𝑢2  𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑥√𝑥 2 −22 4 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝐼= − log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 22 ) + 3 ∫ + 6 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 22 )
2 2 √𝑢2

𝑥√𝑥 2 −22 4 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝐼= 2
− 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 22 ) + 3 ∫ 𝑢
+ 6 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 22 )

𝑥√𝑥 2 −22
𝐼= 2
− 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 22 ) + 3 ∫ 𝑑𝑢 + 6 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 22 )

𝑥√𝑥 2 −22
𝐼= 2
− 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 22 ) + 3𝑢 + 6 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 22 )

𝑥√𝑥 2 −4
𝐼= 2
− 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 4) + 3√𝑥 2 − 4 + 6 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 4)

95
 96

𝑥
𝐼 = (2 + 3) √𝑥 2 − 4 + (6 − 2) log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 4)

6+𝑥
𝐼= ( 2
) √𝑥 2 − 4 + 4 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 4)

1
𝐼= 2
(6 + 𝑥)√𝑥 2 − 4 + 4 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 4)

35. If 𝑢 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , 𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Prove that
𝑣 𝑏
(i) tan−1 𝑢 + tan−1 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑥

(ii) (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )(𝑢2 + 𝑣 2 ) = 𝑒 2𝑎𝑥

(i) Solution: Given, 𝑢 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , 𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥

We know that,

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2 cos (𝑏𝑥 − tan−1 𝑎)

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
 𝑢 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 2 cos (𝑏𝑥 − tan−1 𝑎)
√𝑎 + 𝑏

And,

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑎 2 + 𝑏2
sin (𝑏𝑥 − tan−1 𝑎)

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
 𝑣 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 2 sin (𝑏𝑥 − tan−1 𝑎)
√𝑎 + 𝑏

Now,
𝑒𝑎𝑥 𝑏
sin(𝑏𝑥−tan−1 )
𝑣 𝑏 −1 √𝑎2 + 𝑏2 𝑎 𝑏
(i) tan−1 𝑢 + tan−1 𝑎 = tan { 𝑒𝑎𝑥 𝑏 } + tan−1 𝑎
cos(𝑏𝑥−tan−1 )
√𝑎2 + 𝑏2 𝑎

𝑏
𝑣 𝑏 sin(𝑏𝑥−tan−1 ) 𝑏
tan−1 + tan−1 = tan−1 { 𝑎
𝑏 } + tan−1 𝑎
𝑢 𝑎 cos(𝑏𝑥−tan−1 )
𝑎
𝑣 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
tan−1 𝑢 + tan−1 𝑎 = tan−1 {tan (𝑏𝑥 − tan−1 𝑎)} + tan−1 𝑎
𝑣 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
tan−1 + tan−1 = tan−1 tan (𝑏𝑥 − tan−1 ) + tan−1
𝑢 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎

96
 97

𝑣 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
tan−1 𝑢 + tan−1 𝑎 = (𝑏𝑥 − tan−1 𝑎) + tan−1 𝑎

𝑣 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
tan−1 𝑢 + tan−1 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑥 − tan−1 𝑎 + tan−1 𝑎

𝑣 𝑏
tan−1 𝑢 + tan−1 𝑎 = 𝑏𝑥

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
(ii) (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )(𝑢2 + 𝑣 2 ) = (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) [( ( sin (𝑏𝑥 − tan−1 𝑎)) + sin (𝑏𝑥 −
√𝑎 2+ 𝑏2 √𝑎 2 + 𝑏2
2
𝑏
tan−1 )) ]
𝑎
𝑒 2𝑎𝑥 𝑏 𝑒 2𝑎𝑥 𝑏
(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )(𝑢2 + 𝑣 2 ) = (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) [(𝑎2 2 ) cos2 (𝑏𝑥 − tan−1 ) + (𝑎2 2 ) sin2 (𝑏𝑥 − tan−1 )]
+𝑏 𝑎 +𝑏 𝑎

𝑒 2𝑎𝑥 𝑏 𝑏
(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )(𝑢2 + 𝑣 2 ) = (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) (𝑎2 [sin2 (𝑏𝑥 − tan−1 ) + cos2 (𝑏𝑥 − tan−1 )]
+ 𝑏2 ) 𝑎 𝑎

(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )(𝑢2 + 𝑣 2 ) = 𝑒 2𝑎𝑥 [1]

 (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )(𝑢2 + 𝑣 2 ) = 𝑒 2𝑎𝑥

Exercise .C

Integrate the following:

−1
𝑒 𝑚 tan 𝑥
1. ∫ 3
(1+ 𝑥 2 )2

−1
𝑒 𝑚 tan 𝑥
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
(1+ 𝑥 2 )2
−1
𝑒 𝑚 tan 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 1 𝑑𝑥
(1+ 𝑥 2 )2+1

−1
𝑒 𝑚 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼=∫ 1  (1+ 𝑥 2 )
(1+ 𝑥 2 )2
−1
𝑒 𝑚 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼=∫  (1+ 𝑥 2 )
√1+ 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑥
Take, tan−1 𝑥 = 𝑢  (1+ 𝑥 2 )
= 𝑑𝑢

97
 98

And, 𝑥 = tan 𝑢

Now,
−1
𝑒 𝑚 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼=∫  (1+ 𝑥 2 )
√1+ 𝑥 2

𝑒 𝑚𝑢
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑢
√1+ tan2 𝑢

𝑒 𝑚𝑢
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑢
√sec2 𝑢

𝑒 𝑚𝑢
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑢
sec 𝑢
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑥+𝑏 sin 𝑏𝑥)
𝑚𝑢 ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
𝐼 = ∫𝑒 cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑎 2 + 𝑏2

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑚𝑢 cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑒 𝑚𝑢 (𝑚 cos 𝑢+sin 𝑢)
𝐼= 𝑚2 + 12

We have, tan−1 𝑥 = 𝑢

 𝑥 = tan 𝑢

𝑥 2 = tan2 𝑢

𝑥 2 = sec 2 𝑢 − 1

1 + 𝑥 2 = sec 2 𝑢

1 1
1+𝑥 2
= sec2 𝑢

1
1+𝑥 2
= cos2 𝑢 -------- (a)

1
Again, 1+𝑥2 = cos 2 𝑢

1
1+𝑥 2
= 1 − sin2 𝑢

1
sin2 𝑢 = 1 − 1+𝑥2

𝑥2
sin2 𝑢 = 1+𝑥2 ------ (b)

98
 99

Hence, from (a) and (b)

1
cos 𝑢 =
√1+𝑥 2

𝑥
And sin 𝑢 =
√1+𝑥 2

Thus,

𝑒 𝑚𝑢 (𝑚 cos 𝑢+sin 𝑢)
𝐼=
𝑚2 + 12

1 𝑥
𝑒 𝑚𝑢 (𝑚 + )
√1+𝑥2 √1+𝑥2
𝐼= 𝑚2 + 1

𝑚+𝑥
( )
𝑚𝑢 √1+𝑥2
𝐼=𝑒 𝑚2 + 1

𝑒 𝑚𝑢 𝑚+𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑚2 + 1 { }
√1+𝑥 2

−1
𝑒 𝑚 tan 𝑥 𝑚+𝑥
𝐼= 𝑚2 + 1
{ }
√1+𝑥 2

𝑒𝑥
2. ∫ (1 + 𝑥 log 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

1
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 + log 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (log 𝑥 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

𝑒𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑒𝑥
𝐼 = log 𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (log 𝑥) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 } 𝑑𝑥 +∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

1 𝑒𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 log 𝑥 − ∫ {𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 } 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 log 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 log 𝑥

99
 100

log 𝑥
3. ∫ 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥

log 𝑥
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑 1
𝐼 = log 𝑥 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log 𝑥) ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1 1 1
𝐼 = log 𝑥 (− 𝑥) − ∫ {𝑥 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1 1 1
𝐼 = log 𝑥 (− 𝑥) − ∫ {𝑥 (− 𝑥)} 𝑑𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = log 𝑥 (− 𝑥) + ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = log 𝑥 (− 𝑥) − 𝑥

log 𝑥 1
𝐼= − −
𝑥 𝑥

4. ∫ 𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = tan−1 𝑥 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (tan−1 𝑥 ) ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 1
𝐼= tan−1 𝑥 − ∫ { ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
2 1+𝑥 2

𝑥2 1 𝑥2
𝐼= 2
tan−1 𝑥 − ∫ {1+𝑥2  2
} 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 1 𝑥2
𝐼= 2
tan−1 𝑥 − 2 ∫ {1+𝑥2 } 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 1 𝑥2
𝐼= tan−1 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 2 1+𝑥 2

𝑥2 1 1+𝑥 2 −1
𝐼= 2
tan−1 𝑥 − 2 ∫ 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 1 1+𝑥 2 1
𝐼= 2
tan−1 𝑥 − 2 ∫ ( 1+𝑥2 − 1+𝑥 2
) 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 1 1
𝐼= tan−1 𝑥 − ∫ (1 − ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 1+𝑥 2

100
 101

𝑥2 1 1 𝑑𝑥
𝐼= 2
tan−1 𝑥 − 2
∫1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫
2 1+𝑥 2

𝑥2 1 1
𝐼= 2
tan−1 𝑥 − 2
𝑥 + 2
tan−1 𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = 2 (1 + 𝑥 2 )tan−1 𝑥 − 2
𝑥

5. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 (1 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 (1 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = sec 𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (sec 𝑥) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 − ∫{sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 − ∫{𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sec 𝑥

6. ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑥 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 ) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫{2𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫{2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 } 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝐼 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 [𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 ]

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2[𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − ∫{1 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥}𝑑𝑥 ]

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2[𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ]

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2[𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 ]

101
 102

𝐼 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑥

𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2)

3𝑥+2
7. ∫ √2𝑥+3 𝑑𝑥

3𝑥+2
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ √2𝑥+3 𝑑𝑥

Take, 2𝑥 + 3 = 𝑢2  𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑢2 − 3
Again, 2𝑥 + 3 = 𝑢2  𝑥 = 2

Now,

3𝑥+2
𝐼 = ∫ √2𝑥+3 𝑑𝑥

3𝑥+2
𝐼 = ∫√ 𝑢2
𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑢2 − 3
3( )+2
𝐼 = ∫√
2
2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑢

3𝑢2 − 9
+2
𝐼 = ∫√ 2
𝑢 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

3𝑢2 − 9 + 4
𝐼 = ∫√ 2
𝑢2
𝑢 𝑑𝑢

3𝑢2 − 5
𝐼 = ∫√ 2𝑢2
𝑢 𝑑𝑢

1
𝐼=∫ √3𝑢2 − 5 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
√2 𝑢

1
𝐼=∫ √3𝑢2 − 5 𝑑𝑢
√2

1 5
𝐼=
√2
∫ √3 ( 𝑢2 − 3) 𝑑𝑢

√3 5
𝐼=
√2
∫ √ 𝑢2 − 3
𝑑𝑢

102
 103

𝑥√ 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑎2
∫ √ 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = 2
−
2
log(𝑥 + √ 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 )

2
√3 5
𝐼= ∫ √ 𝑢2 − (√3) 𝑑𝑢
√2

2 2
5 5
𝑢√ 𝑢2 − (√ ) (√3) 2
3
√3 5
𝐼= − log (𝑢 + √ 𝑢2 − (√3) )
√2 2 2

{ }
5 5
𝑢√ 𝑢2 −
√3 3 5
𝐼= { − 3
log (𝑢 + √ 𝑢2 − )}
√2 2 2 3

5 5
√3 √2𝑥+3√2𝑥+3− 3 5
3
𝐼= { − log (√2𝑥 + 3 + √2𝑥 + 3 − 3)}
√2 2 2

6𝑥+9−5 5
√3 √2𝑥+3√ 3 6𝑥+9−5
3
𝐼= { − log (√2𝑥 + 3 + √ )}
√2 2 2 3

6𝑥+4 5
√3 √2𝑥+3√ 3 6𝑥+4
3
𝐼= { − log (√2𝑥 + 3 + √ )}
√2 2 2 3

√3 √2𝑥+3√ 6𝑥+4 5 √6𝑥+4

𝐼= { − 6 log (√2𝑥 +3+ )}
√2 2√3 √3

√3 √2𝑥+3√ 6𝑥+4 5 √3 √2𝑥+3 + √6𝑥+4

𝐼= [ − log { }]
√2 2√3 6 √3

√3 √2𝑥+3√ 6𝑥+4 5 √3(2𝑥+3) + √6𝑥+4

𝐼= [ − 6 log { }]
√2 2√3 √3

√3 √2𝑥+3√ 6𝑥+4 5 √6𝑥+9 + √6𝑥+4

𝐼= [ − 6 log { }]
√2 2√3 √3

√3 √2𝑥+3√ 6𝑥+4 5
𝐼= [ − 6 {log(√6𝑥 + 9 + √6𝑥 + 4) − log √3}]
√2 2√3

√3 √2𝑥+3√ 6𝑥+4 5 5
𝐼= [ − log(√6𝑥 + 9 + √6𝑥 + 4) − log √3]
√2 2√3 6 6

√3 √2𝑥+3√ 6𝑥+4 √3 5 √3 5
𝐼=  −  6 log(√6𝑥 + 9 + √6𝑥 + 4) − 2  6 log √3
√2 2√3 √2 √

√2𝑥+3√ 6𝑥+4 √3√3 5 √3√3 5

𝐼= 2√2
− 2 3  6 log(√6𝑥 + 9 + √6𝑥 + 4) − 2  3  6 log √3
√ √ √ √

103
 104

√2𝑥+3√ 6𝑥+4 3 5 3 5
𝐼= 2√2
− 6  6 log(√6𝑥 + 9 + √6𝑥 + 4) − 6  6 log √3
√ √

1 5 5
𝐼=2 √2𝑥 + 3√ 6𝑥 + 4 − 2 log(√6𝑥 + 9 + √6𝑥 + 4) − 2 6 log √3
√2 √6 √

1 5
𝐼= √2𝑥 + 3√ 6𝑥 + 4 − log(√6𝑥 + 9 + √6𝑥 + 4) + 𝐶
2√2 2√6

5
Where, 𝐶 = − 2 log √3
√6

𝑥−3
8. ∫ √𝑥+4 𝑑𝑥

𝑥−3
Solution: 𝐼 = ∫ √𝑥+4 𝑑𝑥

𝑥+4−7
𝐼 = ∫√ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+4

𝑥+4 7
𝐼 = ∫ √(𝑥+4 − 𝑥+4) 𝑑𝑥

7
𝐼 = ∫ √(1 − ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+4

Take, 𝑥 + 4 = 𝑢2  𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢

Now,

7
𝐼 = ∫ √(1 − ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑥√ 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑎2
𝑥+4 ∫ √ 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = 2
− 2
log(𝑥 + √ 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 )

7
𝐼 = ∫ √(1 − 𝑢2 ) 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑢2 −7
𝐼 = ∫√ 𝑢2
2𝑢 𝑑𝑢

√𝑢2 −7
𝐼 = 2∫ 𝑢
𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝐼 = 2 ∫ √𝑢2 − 7 𝑑𝑢

2
𝐼 = 2 ∫ √𝑢2 − (√7) 𝑑𝑢

104
 105

2 2
𝑢√ 𝑢2 −(√7) (√7) 2
𝐼 = 2[ 2
− 2
log (𝑢 + √ 𝑢2 − (√7) )]

2 2 2
𝐼 = 𝑢√ 𝑢2 − (√7) − (√7) log (𝑢 + √ 𝑢2 − (√7) )

𝐼 = √𝑥 + 4√𝑥 + 4 − 7 − 7 log(√𝑥 + 4 + √𝑥 + 4 − 7)

𝐼 = √𝑥 + 4√𝑥 − 3 − 7 log(√𝑥 + 4 + √𝑥 − 3)

9. ∫(𝑥 + 2)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫(𝑥 + 2)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 2 ∫ 2(𝑥 + 2)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 2 ∫(2𝑥 + 4)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 2 ∫(2𝑥 + 1 + 3)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

1 3
𝐼 = ∫(2𝑥 + 1)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥
2 2

Take, 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑢  (2𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢
1 3
𝐼 = ∫ √𝑢 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥
2 2

3
1 u2 3
𝐼= 2 3
+ 2 ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥
2

1 3 3
𝐼 = 3 u2 + 2 ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

3
1 3
𝐼 = 3 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)2 + 2 ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

2
1 3
3 1 2 √3
𝐼 = 3 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)2 + 2 ∫ √(𝑥 + 2) + ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑥

2
1 1 2 √3 2
3
(𝑥+ )√(𝑥+ ) +( ) (
√3
) 2 2
1 3 2 2 2 1 1 √3
log ((𝑥 + ) + √(𝑥 + ) + ( ) )
2
𝐼= (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) + 2 +
3 2 2 2 2 2 2

[ ]

105
 106

3 1 2 3
1 3 (𝑥+2)√𝑥 + 𝑥+1 1
𝐼 = 3 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)2 + 2 [ 2
+ 4
2
log ((𝑥 + 2) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)]

3 1 2
1 3 (𝑥+2)√𝑥 + 𝑥+1 3 1
𝐼= (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) + 2 [ + log ((𝑥 + ) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)]
3 2 2 8 2

3
1 3 (2𝑥+1)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥+1 3 1
𝐼 = 3 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)2 + 2 [ 4
+ 8 log ((𝑥 + 2) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)]

3
1 3 9 1
𝐼 = 3 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)2 + 8 (2𝑥 + 1)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 + 16
log ((𝑥 + 2) + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)

𝑥 2 +1
10. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 2 +1
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 2 +1+2𝑥−2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒𝑥 (𝑥+1)2
𝑑𝑥

(𝑥+1)2 −2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒𝑥 (𝑥+1)2
𝑑𝑥

(𝑥+1)2 2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ((𝑥+1)2 − (𝑥+1)2 ) 𝑑𝑥

2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1 − (𝑥+1)2 ) 𝑑𝑥

2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥+1−1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 {∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥}

𝑥+1 1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 {∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ((𝑥+1)2 − (𝑥+1)2 ) 𝑑𝑥}

1 1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 {∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ((𝑥+1) − (𝑥+1)2 ) 𝑑𝑥}

1 1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1) 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑 1 1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 [(𝑥+1) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 ((𝑥+1)) ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥] + 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

1 1 1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 [(𝑥+1) 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ − (𝑥+1)2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥] + 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

106
 107

1 1 1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 [(𝑥+1) 𝑒 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥] + 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

1 1 1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 (𝑥+1) 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)2 𝑑𝑥

1
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 (𝑥+1) 𝑒 𝑥

𝑒𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 (𝑥+1)

cos−1 𝑥
11. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2

cos−1 𝑥
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥

Take, 𝑥 = cos 𝜃  𝑑𝑥 = − sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 We take,

Now, 𝑥 = cos 𝜃
cos−1 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥  𝜃 = cos−1 𝑥
𝑥2

cos−1 cos 𝜃 Again,

𝐼=∫ (− sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃)
cos2 𝜃
𝑥 = cos 𝜃
𝜃
𝐼 = − ∫ cos2 𝜃 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑥 2 = cos2 𝜃
1 sin 𝜃
𝐼 = − ∫ 𝜃 cos 𝜃  cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑥 2 = 1 − sin2 𝜃

𝐼 = − ∫ 𝜃 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 sin2 𝜃 = 1 − 𝑥 2

𝑑
𝐼 = − [𝜃 ∫ sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (𝜃) ∫ sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃] sin 𝜃 = √1 − 𝑥 2

𝐼 = −[𝜃 sec 𝜃 − ∫ sec 𝜃 𝑑𝜃] Hence,

sin 𝜃
𝐼 = −[𝜃 sec 𝜃 − log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃)] tan 𝜃 = cos 𝜃

𝐼 = −𝜃 sec 𝜃 + log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃) sin 𝜃

tan 𝜃 = cos 𝜃
1
𝐼 = −𝜃 cos 𝜃
+ log(tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃) √1−𝑥 2
tan 𝜃 = 𝑥
𝜃 1
𝐼=− cos 𝜃
+ log (tan 𝜃 + cos 𝜃)

cos−1 𝑥 √1−𝑥 2 1
𝐼=− 𝑥
+ log ( 𝑥
+ 𝑥)

107
 108

cos−1 𝑥 1+ √1−𝑥 2
𝐼=− 𝑥
+ log ( 𝑥
)

cos−1 𝑥
𝐼=− 𝑥
+ log(1 + √1 − 𝑥 2 )– log 𝑥

𝑥 tan−1 𝑥
12. ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
(1+ 𝑥 2 )2 We take,
𝑥 tan−1 𝑥
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 = tan 𝜃
(1+ 𝑥 2 )2
𝑥 2 = tan2 𝜃
Let 𝑥 = tan 𝜃  𝑑𝑥 = sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑥 2 = sec 2 𝜃 − 1
Now,
1 + 𝑥 2 = sec 2 𝜃
𝑥 tan−1 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
(1+ 𝑥 2 )2 sec 𝜃 = √1 + 𝑥 2
tan 𝜃 tan−1 tan 𝜃 1 1
𝐼=∫ 3 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 cos 𝜃 = = ---- (i)
(1+ tan2 𝜃)2 sec 𝜃 √1+𝑥 2

𝜃 tan 𝜃 Again,
𝐼=∫ 3 sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
(sec2 𝜃)2
1
cos 𝜃 =
√1+𝑥 2
𝜃 tan 𝜃
𝐼=∫ sec3 𝜃
sec 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
1 2
cos2 𝜃 = ( )
𝜃 tan 𝜃 √1+𝑥 2
𝐼=∫ sec 𝜃
𝑑𝜃
1
1 − sin2 𝜃 = 1+𝑥 2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝜃 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
1
𝑑 sin2 𝜃 = 1 − 1+𝑥 2
𝐼 = 𝜃 ∫ sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ {𝑑𝜃 (𝜃) ∫ sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃} 𝑑𝜃
𝑥2
𝐼 = −𝜃 cos 𝜃 − ∫ − cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 sin2 𝜃 = 1+𝑥 2

𝑥
𝐼 = −𝜃 cos 𝜃 + ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃  sin 𝜃 = ---- (ii)
√1+𝑥 2

𝐼 = −𝜃 cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 And 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥

1 𝑥
𝐼 = − tan−1 𝑥 +
√1+𝑥 2 √1+𝑥 2

𝑥−tan−1 𝑥
𝐼=
√1+𝑥 2

108
 109

𝑥
13. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎+𝑥

𝑥
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎+𝑥

𝑎+𝑥−𝑎
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎+𝑥

𝑎+𝑥 𝑎
𝐼 = ∫( − ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎+𝑥 √𝑎+𝑥

𝑎
𝐼 = ∫ (√𝑎 + 𝑥 − ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎+𝑥

1
𝐼 = ∫ √𝑎 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑎 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎+𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = ∫(𝑎 + 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑎 ∫(𝑎 + 𝑥)−2 𝑑𝑥
3 1
(𝑎+𝑥)2 (𝑎+𝑥)2
𝐼= 3 −𝑎 1
2 2

3 1
3
𝐼= (𝑎 + 𝑥)2 − 2𝑎 (𝑎 + 𝑥)2
2

1
14. ∫ 3 sin(log 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

1
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ sin(log 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2

1 1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2  𝑥 sin(log 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

1
Take, log 𝑥 = 𝑢  𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢

Also, log 𝑥 = 𝑢  𝑥 = 𝑒𝑢

Now,
1 1
𝐼 = ∫ 2  sin(log 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥

1
𝐼=∫ sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑥2

1
𝐼=∫ sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑒 2𝑢
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝑎 cos 𝑏𝑥+𝑏 sin 𝑏𝑥)
∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 2 +𝑏2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 −2𝑢 sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
(−2 sin 𝑢−1∙cos 𝑢 )
𝐼 = 𝑒 −2𝑢 (−2)2 + 12
Where, 𝑎 = −2 , 𝑏 = 1

109
 110

(−2 sin 𝑢−cos 𝑢 )

𝐼= 5𝑒 2𝑢

−(2 sin(log 𝑥)+cos(log 𝑥) )

𝐼=
5𝑥 2

1
15. ∫ [log(log 𝑥) + (log 2 ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥)

1
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ [log(log 𝑥) + (log ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥)2

1
𝐼 = ∫ log(log 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (log 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥)

𝑑 1
𝐼 = log(log 𝑥) ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { (log(log 𝑥)) ∫ 1𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (log 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥)

1 1 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(log 𝑥) − ∫ log 𝑥  𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

1 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(log 𝑥) − ∫ log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑 1 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(log 𝑥) − [log 𝑥 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log 𝑥) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 ] + ∫ (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

1
𝑥 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(log 𝑥) − [log 𝑥 − ∫ − (log𝑥𝑥)2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ] + ∫ (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 1 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(log 𝑥) − [log 𝑥 + ∫ (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 ] + ∫ (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 1 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(log 𝑥) − log 𝑥 − ∫ (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (log 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 log(log 𝑥) − log 𝑥

1 𝑛
16. ∫ [(log 𝑥)𝑛 − (log 𝑥)𝑛+1 ] 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑛
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ [(log − (log ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑥)𝑛 𝑥)𝑛+1

1 𝑛
𝐼 = ∫ (log 𝑥)𝑛 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (log 𝑥)𝑛+1 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑 1 𝑛
𝐼 = (log 𝑥)𝑛 ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 ((log 𝑥)𝑛 ) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (log 𝑥)𝑛+1 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑 −𝑛 )
𝑛
𝐼= ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ { ((log 𝑥) ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(log 𝑥)𝑛 𝑑𝑥 (log 𝑥)𝑛+1

110
 111

𝑥 1 𝑛
𝐼 = (log 𝑥)𝑛 − ∫ −𝑛(log 𝑥)−𝑛−1  𝑥  𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (log 𝑥)𝑛+1 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 𝑛
𝐼 = (log 𝑥)𝑛 + ∫ 𝑛(log 𝑥)−𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (log 𝑥)𝑛+1 𝑑𝑥

𝑥 𝑛
𝐼 = (log + ∫ 𝑛(log 𝑥)−(𝑛+1) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (log 𝑛+1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥)𝑛 𝑥)

𝑥 𝑛 𝑛
𝐼 = (log + ∫ (log 𝑛+1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (log 𝑛+1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥)𝑛 𝑥) 𝑥)

𝑥
𝐼 = (log
𝑥)𝑛

17. ∫ 𝑥 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) 𝑑𝑥

Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
𝐼 = log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) ) ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

1 1 1 𝑥2
𝐼 = 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) − ∫  (1 + 2 2  2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥+ √𝑥 2 +𝑎2 2√𝑥 +𝑎 2

1 1 𝑥 𝑥2
𝐼 = 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) − ∫  (1 + 2 2) 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥+ √𝑥 2 +𝑎2 √𝑥 +𝑎 2

1 1 𝑥+ √𝑥 2 +𝑎 2 𝑥2
𝐼 = 2 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) − ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+ √𝑥 2 +𝑎2 √𝑥 2 +𝑎2 2

1 1 𝑥2
𝐼 = 2 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) − 2 ∫ 2 2 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 +𝑎

1 1 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 − 𝑎 2
𝐼 = 2 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) − 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2 +𝑎2

1 1 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑎2
𝐼 = 2 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) − 2 ∫ ( 2 2 − 2 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 +𝑎 √𝑥 +𝑎

1 1 𝑎2
𝐼 = 2 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) − 2 ∫ (√𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 − 2 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 +𝑎

1 1 1 𝑎2
𝐼 = 2 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) − 2 ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 + 2
∫ √𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑑𝑥

1 1 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 2 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) − 2 ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 + 2
∫ √𝑥 2 +𝑎2

1 1 𝑥√𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 2 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) − 2 [ 2
+ 2
log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )] + 2
∫ √𝑥 2 +𝑎2

1 1 𝑥√𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑎2
𝐼 = 2 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) − 2 [ 2
+ 2
log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )] + 2
log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )

111
 112

1 𝑥√𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑎2
𝐼 = 2 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) − 4
− 4
log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) + 2
log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )

1 𝑥√𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑎2
𝐼 = 2 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) − 4
− 4
log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) + 2
log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )

1 𝑥√𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑎2
𝐼 = 2 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) − 4
+ 4
log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 ) +

18. ∫ 𝑥 2 √𝑥 6 + 𝑥 3 + 1 𝑑𝑥

Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 √𝑥 6 + 𝑥 3 + 1 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 √(𝑥 3 )2 + 𝑥 3 + 1 𝑑𝑥
1
Take, 𝑥 3 = 𝑢  𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 3
𝑑𝑢

Now,

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 √(𝑥 3 )2 + 𝑥 3 + 1 𝑑𝑥
1
𝐼 = ∫ √𝑢2 + 𝑢 + 1 3
𝑑𝑢

1
𝐼 = ∫ √𝑢2 + 𝑢 + 1 𝑑𝑢
3

2
1 1 2 √3
𝐼 = 3 ∫ √(𝑢 + 2) + ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑢

2
1 1 2 √3 2
(𝑢+ )√(𝑢+ ) +( ) √3
( ) 2
1 2 2 2 1 1 2 √3
log |(𝑢 + 2) + √(𝑢 + 2) + ( 2 ) |
2
𝐼= 3 2
+ 2

{ }

2 2
1
(2𝑢+1)√(𝑢+ ) +(√3) 2
1 2 2 3 2𝑢+1 2
𝐼=3 + log |( )+ √(𝑢 + 1) + (√3) |
4 8 2 2 2

{ }
1 (2𝑢+1)√𝑢2 +𝑢+1 3 2𝑢+1
𝐼=3 { 4
+ 8
log |( 2
) + √𝑢2 + 𝑢 + 1|}

(2𝑥 3 +1)√𝑥 6 +𝑥 3 +1 1 2𝑥 3 +1
𝐼= 12
+ 8
log |( 2
) + √𝑥 6 + 𝑥 3 + 1|

19. ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 √𝑒 2𝑥 − 3𝑒 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

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Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 √𝑒 2𝑥 − 3𝑒 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

Take, 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑢  𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢

Now,

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 √𝑒 2𝑥 − 3𝑒 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ √𝑢2 − 3𝑢 + 1 𝑑𝑢

2
3 2 √5
𝐼 = ∫ √(𝑢 − 2) − ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑢

2
3 3 2 √5 2
(𝑢− )√(𝑢− ) −( ) (
√5
) 2 2
2 2 2 3 3 √5
log |(𝑢 − ) + √(𝑢 − ) − ( ) |
2
𝐼= −
2 2 2 2 2

2 2
3
(2𝑢−3)√(𝑢− ) −(√5) 2
2 2 5 2𝑢−3 2
𝐼= − log |( )+ √(𝑢 − 3) − (√5) |
4 8 2 2 2

(2𝑢−3)√𝑢2 −3𝑢+1 5 2𝑢−3

𝐼= 4
− 8 log |( 2
)+ √𝑢2 − 3𝑢 + 1|

(2𝑒 𝑥 −3)√𝑒 2𝑥 −3𝑒 𝑥 ++1 5 2𝑒 𝑥 −3

𝐼=
4
− log |(
8 2
)+ √𝑒 2𝑥 − 3𝑒 𝑥 + +1|

−1
𝑒 𝑎 sin 𝑥
20. ∫𝑥 √1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

−1
𝑒 𝑎 sin 𝑥
Solution: Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2

1
Let, sin−1 𝑥 = 𝑢  𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢
√1−𝑥 2

Also, sin−1 𝑥 = 𝑢  𝑥 = sin 𝑢

Now,
−1
𝑒 𝑎 sin 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫𝑥 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑎 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (𝑎 sin 𝑏𝑥−𝑏 cos 𝑏𝑥)
𝐼 = ∫𝑒 𝑎𝑢
sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 2 +𝑏2

𝑒 𝑎𝑢 (𝑎 sin 𝑢 − cos 𝑢)
𝐼= 𝑎 2 +12
Where, 𝑎 = 𝑎 , 𝑏 = 1

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We take,

𝑥 = sin 𝑢
−1 𝑥
𝑒 𝑎 sin (𝑎 sin sin−1 𝑥−√1−𝑥 2 )
𝐼= 𝑎 2 +12 𝑥 2 = sin2 𝑢
−1 𝑥
𝑒 𝑎 sin (𝑎𝑥− √1−𝑥 2 ) 𝑥 2 = 1 − cos2 𝑢
𝐼= 𝑎 2 +1

 cos 𝑢 = √1 − 𝑥 2

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received”.

Shelbistar Marbanniang

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