VII-MATHEMATICS-NCERT

CHAPTER

2 PREPARED BY: BALABHADRA SURESH

1. A fraction is a number representing a part of a whole. The whole may be a single object or a
group of objects
5
2. is a fraction . Here 5 is called the numerator and 12 is called the denominator
12
3. Proper Fraction: In a fraction , the numerator is less than the denominator is called proper
fraction.
2 3 5
𝐸𝑥: , , , …
5 11 21
4. Improper Fraction: The fractions, where the numerator is bigger than the denominator are
called improper fractions.
7 13 35
𝐸𝑥: , , , …
5 11 21
5. Mixed Fractions: Mixed fraction has a combination of a whole and a part.
𝐑𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫
6. The mixed fraction will be written as 𝐐𝐮𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐃𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐫
2 3 5
𝐸𝑥: 3 , 1 , 2 , …
5 11 21
(𝐖𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐞×𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫)+𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫
7. we can express a mixed fraction as an improper fraction as 𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫
2 17 3 14 5 47
𝐸𝑥: 3 = , 1 = , 2 = ,…
5 5 11 11 21 21
8. If we multiply ( or divide)the numerator and the denominator of the given fraction with same
number we get an equivalent fraction.
2 4 6 10
𝐸𝑥: (𝑖) = = = =⋯
3 6 9 15
3 6 9 15
(𝑖𝑖) = = = =⋯
7 14 21 35
9. A fraction is said to be in the simplest (or lowest) form if its numerator and denominator have
no common factor except 1.
10. Like fractions: Fractions with same denominators are called like fractions.
3 1 11
𝐸𝑥: (𝑖) , , , ..
5 5 5
11. Unlike fractions: Fractions with different denominators are called unlike fractions.
3 5 2
𝐸𝑥: , , , …
5 7 11
12. For two fractions with the same denominator, the fraction with the greater numerator is greater
7 4 11 10
𝐸𝑥: > , >
5 5 23 23
13. If the numerator is the same in two fractions, the fraction with the smaller denominator is
greater of the two.
7 7 11 11
𝐸𝑥: > , >
15 27 23 29
14. Addition and subtraction of like fractions:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
+ = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − =
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎

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 3 2 3+2 5
𝐸𝑥: (𝑖) + = =
7 7 7 7
23 9 23 − 9 14
(𝑖𝑖) − = =
35 35 35 25
2 5 47 23 47 + 23 70 7
(𝑖𝑖𝑖)5 + 2 = + = = =7
9 9 9 9 9 9 9
15. Addition and subtraction of unlike fractions
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥×𝑏+𝑦×𝑎 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥×𝑏−𝑦×𝑎
+ = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎×𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎×𝑏
2 1 2 × 4 + 1 × 3 8 + 3 11
𝐸𝑥: + = = =
3 4 3×4 12 12
Multiplication of a Fraction by a Whole Number:
To multiply a whole number with a proper or an improper fraction, we multiply the whole number
with the numerator of the fraction, keeping the denominator same.
5 2 × 5 10 7 7 × 4 28
𝐸𝑥: (𝑖) 2 × = = (𝑖𝑖) × 4 = =
3 3 3 5 5 5

1. Find the product. If the product is an improper fraction express it as a mixed fraction.
2 2×3 6
(𝑎) 7 × 3 = =7
7 7
9 9 × 6 54 5 7
(𝑏) × 6 = 11 78
= =7 7 54 (−)77
7 7 7 7 (−)49
1 3×1 3 1
(𝑐) 3 × = = 5
8 8 8
13 13 × 6 78 1
(𝑑) ×6 = = =7
11 11 11 11

𝟐 𝟒
2. Represent pictorially :𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟓
Sol:
+ =
2 2 4
+ =
5 5 5

Multiplication of a Mixed Fraction by a Whole Number:

To multiply a mixed fraction to a whole number, first convert the mixed fraction to an improper
fraction and then multiply.

5 19 3 × 19 57 1
Ex: (𝑖) 3 × 2 =3× = = =8
7 7 7 7 7
2 22 44 4
(𝑖𝑖) 2 × 4 = 2 × = =8
5 5 5 5

3 17 5 × 17 85 1
(𝑖)5 × 2 = 5 × = = = 12
7 7 7 7 7

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 4 13 13 × 6 78 6 2
(𝑖𝑖) 1 × 6 = ×6= = =8 =8
9 9 9 9 9 3
Fraction as an operator ‘of’ : ‘of’ represents multiplication

1 1 3 1
Ex: 𝑜𝑓 3 = × 3 = = 1
2 2 2 2

1 1 1 × 10 10
(𝑖) 𝑜𝑓 10 = × 10 = = =5
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 × 16 16
(𝑖𝑖) 𝑜𝑓 16 = × 16 = = =4
4 4 4 4
2 2 2 × 25 50
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑜𝑓 25 = × 125 = = = 10
5 5 5 5
𝟏 𝟐
Exp 1: In a class of 40 students 𝟓 of the total number of students like to study English, 𝟓 of the total
number like to study Mathematics and the remaining students like to study Science. (i) How
many students like to study English? (ii) How many students like to study Mathematics? (iii)
What fraction of the total number of students likes to study Science?

Sol: Total number of students = 40.

1 1 40
(𝑖)Number of students like to study English = 𝑜𝑓 40 = × 40 = =8
5 5 5
2 2 80
(𝑖𝑖)Number of students like to study Mathematics = 𝑜𝑓 40 = × 40 = = 16
5 5 5
(iii) The number of students who like English and Mathematics = 8 + 16 = 24

The number of students who like Science = 40 – 24 = 16.

16 2
Thus, the required fraction is =
40 5

1. Which of the drawings (a) to (d) show :

Sol: (𝑖) − (𝑑) (𝑖𝑖) − (𝑏) (𝑖𝑖𝑖) − (𝑎) (𝑖𝑣) − (𝑐)

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2. Some pictures (a) to (c) are given below. Tell which of them show:

Sol: (i) − (c) , (ii) − (a) , (iii) − (b)

3. Multiply and reduce to lowest form and convert into a mixed fraction:

𝑆𝑜𝑙:

3 21 1 5 30
(𝑖) 7 × = =4 (𝑣𝑖) ×6= = 15
5 5 5 2 2
1 4 1 4 44 2
(𝑖𝑖) 4 × = =1 (𝑣𝑖𝑖) 11 × = =6
3 3 3 7 7 7
6 12 5 4
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 2 × = =1 (𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖) 20 × = 4 × 4 = 16
7 7 7 5
2 10 1 1 13 1
(𝑖𝑣) 5 × = =1 (𝑖𝑥) 13 × = =4
9 9 9 3 3 3
2 8 3 3
(𝑣) ×4= = 1 (𝑥) 15 × = 3×3=9
3 5 5 5
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
4. 𝐒𝐡𝐚𝐝𝐞: (𝐢) 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐛𝐨𝐱 (𝐚)(𝒊𝒊) 𝟑 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐛𝐨𝐱 (𝐛)(𝐢𝐢𝐢) 𝟓 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐛𝐨𝐱 (
𝟐

5. Find:

1 1 24
(𝑖) 𝑜𝑓 24 = × 24 = = 12
2 2 2
1 1 46
(𝑖𝑖) 𝑜𝑓 46 = × 46 = = 23
2 2 2

2 2 2 × 186
(𝑖) 𝑜𝑓 18 = × 18 = = 2 × 6 = 12
3 3 3

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6. Multiply and express as a mixed fraction :
1 26 3 × 26 78 3
(𝑎) 3 × 5 = 3 × = = = 15
5 5 5 5 5

3 27 5 × 27 135 3
(𝑏) 5 × 6 =5× = = = 33
4 4 4 4 5
1 9 7 × 9 63 3
(𝑐) 7 × 2 =7× = = = 15
4 4 4 4 4
1 19 4 × 19 76 1
(𝑑) 4 × 6 =4× = = = 25
3 3 3 3 3

1 13 13 × 63 39 1
(𝑒) 3 × 6 = ×6 = = = 19
4 4 42 2 2

2 17 17 × 8 136 1
(𝑓) 3 × 8 = ×8= = = 27
5 5 5 5 5

7. Find:
1 3 1 11 1 × 11 11 3
(𝑎) (𝑖) 𝑜𝑓 2 = × = = =1
2 4 2 4 2×4 8 8
1 2 1 38 1 × 38 38 2 1
(𝑖𝑖) 𝑜𝑓 4 = × = = =2 =2
2 9 2 9 2×9 18 18 9

5 5 5 23 5 × 23 115 19
(𝑏)(𝑖) 𝑜𝑓 3 = × = = =2
8 6 8 6 8×6 48 48

5 2 5 29 5 × 29 145 1
(𝑖𝑖) 𝑜𝑓 9 = × = = =6
8 3 8 3 8×3 24 24

8. Vidya and Pratap went for a picnic. Their mother gave them a water bottle that contained 5 litres
𝟐
of water. Vidya consumed 𝟓 of the water. Pratap consumed the remaining water. (i) How much
water did Vidya drink? (ii) What fraction of the total quantity of water did Pratap drink?

Sol: Total water=5 litres

2 2 10
(𝑖) Water drank by Vidya = 𝑜𝑓 5 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 = × 5 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 = = 2 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠
5 5 5
(𝑖𝑖) Water drank by Pratap = 5 − 2 = 3 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠

3
Fraction of water drank by Pratap =
5
Multiplication of a Fraction by a Fraction:

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 Product of numerators 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎×𝑐
Fraction × Fraction = ; × =
Product of Denominators 𝑏 𝑑 𝑏×𝑑
1 1 1×1 1 1 1 1×1 1
(𝑖) × = = (𝑖𝑖𝑖) × = =
2 7 2×7 14 7 2 7 × 2 14
1 1 1×1 1 1 1 1×1 1
(𝑖𝑖) × = = (𝑣𝑖) × = =
5 7 5 × 7 35 7 5 7 × 5 35
𝟏 𝟏
Exp 2: Sushant reads 𝟑part of a book in 1 hour. How much part of the book will he read in 2𝟓 hours?

1
Sol: The part of the book read by Sushant in 1 hour = .
3
1 1 1 11 1 11×1 11
The part of the book read by Sushant in 2 5 hour = 2 5 × = ×3= = 15
3 5 5×3

1 4 1×4 4 2 1 2×1 2
(𝑖) × = = (𝑖𝑖) × = =
3 5 3 × 5 15 3 5 3 × 5 15
8 4 8 × 4 32 3 2 3×2 6 1
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) × = = (𝑣𝑖) × = = =
3 7 3 × 7 21 4 3 4 × 3 12 2
Value of the Products:
𝑎 𝑥 𝑎 𝑥 𝑎 𝑥
For fractions , (𝑖) 𝐼𝑓 𝑎𝑦 < 𝑏𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 < 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖) 𝐼𝑓 𝑎𝑦 > 𝑏𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 >
𝑏 𝑦 𝑏 𝑦 𝑏 𝑦

2 4 8 8 2 8 4 Product is less than each of the fractions

× = < , <
3 5 15 15 5 15 5
1 2 2 2 1 2 2 Product is less than each of the fractions
× = < , <
5 7 35 35 5 35 7
3 7 21 21 3 21 7 Product is less than each of the fractions
× = < , <
5 8 40 40 5 40 8
2 4 8 8 2 8 4 Product is less than each of the fractions
× = < , <
5 9 45 45 5 45 9
The value of the product of two proper fractions is smaller than each of the two fractions.

7 5 35 35 7 35 5
× = > , > Product is greater than each of the fractions
3 2 6 6 3 6 2
6 4 24 24 6 24 4
× = > , > Product is greater than each of the fractions
5 3 15 15 5 15 3
9 7 63 63 9 63 7
× = > , > Product is greater than each of the fractions
2 4 8 8 2 8 4
3 8 24 24 3 24 8
× = > , > Product is greater than each of the fractions
2 7 14 14 2 14 7
The value of the product of two improper fractions is more than each of the two fractions.

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 2 7 14 14 2 14 7
× = > , <
3 5 15 15 3 15 5
6 2 12 3 3 6 3 2
× = = < , >
5 8 40 10 10 5 10 8 Product is greater than proper fraction and
8 4 32 32 8 32 4 less than improper fraction.
× = < , >
3 5 15 15 3 15 5
The value of the product of proper and improper fraction is less than proper fraction and greater
than improper fraction.

1. Find

1 1 1 1 1×1 1 1 2 1 2 1×2 2
(𝑎) 𝑜𝑓 = × = = (𝑎) 𝑜𝑓 = × = =
4 4 4 4 4 × 4 16 7 9 7 9 7 × 9 63
1 3 1 3 1×3 3 1 6 1 6 1×6 6
(𝑏) 𝑜𝑓 = × = = (𝑏) 𝑜𝑓 = × = =
4 5 4 5 4 × 5 20 7 5 7 5 7 × 5 35
1 4 1 4 1×4 4 1 3 1 3 1×3 3
(𝑐) 𝑜𝑓 = × = = (𝑐) 𝑜𝑓 = × = =
4 3 4 3 4 × 3 12 7 10 7 10 7 × 10 70
2. Multiply and reduce to lowest form (if possible) :

2 2 2 8 2 × 8 16 1 15 1 × 15 15 5
(𝑖) ×2 = × = = (𝑣) × = = =
3 3 3 3 3×3 9 3 8 3×8 24 8
2 7 2 × 7 14 2 11 3 11 × 3 33
(𝑖𝑖) × = = = (𝑣𝑖) × = =
7 9 7 × 9 63 9 2 10 2 × 10 20
3 6 3 × 6 18 9 4 12 4 × 12 48
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) × = = = (𝑣𝑖𝑖) × = =
8 4 8 × 4 32 16 5 7 5×7 35
9 3 9 × 3 27
(𝑖𝑣) × = =
5 5 5 × 5 25
3. Multi1ply the following fractions:

2 1 2 21 2 × 21 21 2 4 17 4 17 × 4 68
(𝑖) ×5 = × = = (𝑣) 3 × = × = =
5 4 5 4 5×4 10 5 7 5 7 5×7 35
2 7 32 7 32 × 7 224 3 13 3 13 × 3 39
(𝑖𝑖) 6 × = × = = (𝑣𝑖) 2 × 3 = × = =
5 9 5 9 5×9 45 5 5 1 5×1 5
3 1 3 16 3 × 16 8 4 3 25 3 25 × 3 15
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) ×5 = × = = =8 (𝑣𝑖𝑖) 3 × = × = =
2 3 2 3 2×3 1 7 5 7 5 7×5 7
5 3 5 17 5 × 17 85
(𝑖𝑣) ×2 = × = =
6 7 6 7 6×7 42
4. Which is greater:

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 2 3 2 3 2×3 3 3 5 3 5 3×5 3
(𝑖) 𝑜𝑓 = × = = ; 𝑜𝑓 = × = =
7 4 7 4 7 × 4 14 5 8 5 8 5 × 8 8
3 3 3 5
> ⇒ 𝑜𝑓 is greater
8 14 5 8
1 6 1 6 1×6 3 2 3 2 3 2×3 2
(𝑖𝑖) 𝑜𝑓 = × = = ; 𝑜𝑓 = × = =
2 7 2 7 2×7 7 3 7 3 7 3×7 7
3 2 1 6
> ⇒ 𝑜𝑓 is greater
7 7 2 7
𝟑
5. Saili plants 4 saplings, in a row, in her garden. The distance between two adjacent saplings is 𝟒m.
Find the distance between the first and the last sapling.

3
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 = 𝑚
4
3 3 3
Total number of saplings=4 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
4 4 4

3 9 1
The distance between the first and the last sapling = 3 × 𝑚 = 𝑚 = 2 𝑚
4 4 4
𝟑
6. Lipika reads a book for 𝟏 𝟒 hours everyday. She reads the entire book in 6 days. How many hours
in all were required by her to read the book?

3 7
𝑆𝑜𝑙: Lipika reads a book in 1 day = 1 ℎ= ℎ
4 4
Total days=6

7 6 × 7 21 1
Total hours taken by Lipika to read the book = 6 × = = = 10 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
4 4 2 2
𝟑
7. A car runs 16 km using 1 litre of petrol. How much distance will it cover using 𝟐 𝟒 litres of petrol.

Sol: Car covers the distance using 1 litre of petrol=16 km

3 3 11
Car covers the distance using 2 litres of petrol = 2 × 16 𝑘𝑚 = × 164 = 11 × 4 = 44 𝑘𝑚
4 4 4
𝟐 𝟏𝟎
8. (a) (i) ) Provide the number in the box , such that 𝟑 × = 𝟑𝟎
(ii) The simplest form of the number obtained in  is_____

2 5 2×5 10 1
Sol: × = = =
3 10 3 × 10 30 3
𝟑 𝟐𝟒
(b) (i) ) Provide the number in the box , such that 𝟓 × = 𝟕𝟓
(ii) The simplest form of the number obtained in  is_____

3 8 3×8 24 8
Sol: × = = =
5 15 5 × 15 75 25

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Reciprocal of a fraction:
The non-zero numbers whose product with each other is 1, are called the reciprocals of each other.

Swap over the Numerator and Denominator we get reciprocal of the fraction.

𝑎 𝑏
The reciprocal of =
𝑏 𝑎

(i) Will the reciprocal of a proper fraction be again a proper fraction?

Sol: 𝑁𝑜, The reciprocal of a proper fraction is always an improper fraction.

2 2 7
is a proper fraction . Reciprocal of 7 is an improper fraction.
7 2

(ii) Will the reciprocal of an improper fraction be again an improper fraction?

𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝑁𝑜, The reciprocal of a proper fraction is always an improper fraction

9 9 5
is an improper fraction . Reciprocal of = is a proper fraction
5 5 9
DIVISION OF FRACTIONS

To divide a whole number by any fraction, multiply that whole number by the reciprocal of that
fraction.

2 5 7 × 5 35 1
(𝑖) 7÷ =7× = = = 17
5 2 2 2 2
4 4 6 × 4 24 3
(𝑖𝑖) 6÷ = 6× = = =3
7 7 7 7 7
8 9 2×9 9 1
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 2÷ = 2× = = =2
9 8 8 4 4
While dividing a whole number by a mixed fraction, first convert the mixed fraction into improper
fraction and then solve it.

2 12 5 4×5 5 2
(𝑖) 4÷2 = 4÷ =4× = = =1
15 5 12 12 3 3
1 10 3 5×3 3 1
(𝑖𝑖) 5 ÷ 3 = 5 ÷ =5× = = =1
3 3 10 10 2 2
1 16 3 6×3 9 1
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 6 ÷ 5 = 6÷ =6× = = =1
43 3 16 16 8 8
4 18 7 7 × 7 49 13
(𝑣𝑖) 7÷2 = 7÷ =7× = = =2
7 7 18 18 18 18
Division of a Fraction by a Whole Number or another fraction

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 3 3 3 3 1 3×1 1
(𝑖) ÷3= ÷ = × = =
4 4 1 4 3 4×3 4
2 8 5 8 1 8×1 8
(𝑖𝑖) 2 ÷5= ÷ = × = =
3 3 1 3 5 3 × 5 15
1 6 1 5 1×5 5
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) ÷ = × = =
3 5 3 6 3 × 6 18
8 2 8 3 8 × 3 12 2
(𝑖𝑣) ÷ = × = = =2
5 3 5 2 5×2 5 5
3 1 3 2 3×2 6 1
(𝑣𝑖) ÷ = × = = =1
5 2 5 1 5×1 5 5
1 3 1 5 1×5 5
(𝑣𝑖𝑖) ÷ = × = =
2 5 2 3 2×3 6
1 3 5 5 5 × 5 25 1
(𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖) 2 ÷ = × = = =4
2 5 2 3 2×3 6 6
1 9 31 9 31 2 31 × 2 31 4
(𝑖𝑥) 5 ÷ = ÷ = × = = =1
6 2 6 2 6 9 6×9 27 27

1. Find
3 12 3 12 4 12 × 4 16
(𝑖) 12 ÷ = ÷ = × = = = 16
4 1 4 1 3 1×3 1
5 14 5 14 6 14×6 84 4
(𝑖𝑖) 14 ÷ 6 = ÷6= ×5= = = 16 5
1 1 1×5 5

7 8 7 8 3 8 × 3 24 3
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 8÷ = ÷ = × = = =3
3 1 3 1 7 1×7 7 7
8 4 8 4 3 4×3 3 1
(𝑖𝑣) 4÷ = ÷ = × = = =1
3 1 3 1 8 1×8 2 2

1 3 7 3 3 3×3 9 2
(𝑣) 3÷2 = ÷ = × = = =1
3 1 3 1 7 1×7 7 7

4 5 25 5 7 5×7 7 2
(𝑣𝑖) 5÷3 = ÷ = × = = =1
7 1 7 1 25 1 × 25 5 5

2. Find the reciprocal of each of the following fractions. Classify the reciprocals as proper fractions,
improper fractions and whole numbers.

3 7
Sol: (i) Reciprocal of = → Improper fraction
7 3
5 8
(ii) Reciprocal of = → Improper fraction
8 5

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 9 7
(iii) Reciprocal of = → Proper fraction
7 9
6 5
(iv) Reciprocal of = → Proper fraction
5 6
12 7
(v) Reciprocal of = → Proper fraction
7 12
1
(vi) Reciprocal of = 8 → Whole number
8
1
(vii) Reciprocal of = 11 → Whole number
11
3. Find:

7 7 2 7 1 7×1 7 1
(𝑖) ÷2= ÷ = × = = =1
3 3 1 3 2 3×2 6 6
4 4 5 4 1 4×1 4
(𝑖𝑖) ÷5= ÷ = × = =
9 9 1 9 5 9 × 5 45

6 6 7 6 1 6×1 6
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) ÷7= ÷ = × = =
13 13 1 13 7 13 × 7 91

1 13 3 13 1 13 × 1 13
(𝑖𝑣) 4 ÷ 3 = ÷ = × = =
3 3 1 3 3 3×3 9

1 7 4 7 1 7×1 7
(𝑣) 3 ÷ 4 = ÷ = × = =
2 2 1 2 4 2×4 8

3 31 7 31 1 31 × 1 31
(𝑣𝑖) 4 ÷ 7 = ÷ = × = =
7 7 1 7 7 7×7 49

4. Find:
2 1 2 2 2×2 4
(𝑖) ÷ = × = =
5 2 5 1 5×1 5
4 2 4 3 4×3 2
(𝑖𝑖) ÷ = × = =
9 3 9 2 9×2 3
3 8 3 7 3×7 3
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) ÷ = × = =
7 7 7 8 7×8 8
1 3 7 3 7 5 7 × 5 35 7
(𝑖𝑣) 2 ÷ = ÷ = × = = =3
3 5 3 5 3 3 3×3 9 9
1 8 7 8 7 3 7 × 3 21 5
(𝑣) 3 ÷ = ÷ = × = = =1
2 3 2 3 2 8 2 × 8 16 16
2 1 2 3 2 2 2×2 4
(𝑣𝑖) ÷1 = ÷ = × = =
5 2 5 2 5 3 5 × 3 15

BALABHADRA SURESH-AMALAPURAM-9866845885 Page 11

 1 2 16 5 16 3 16 × 3 48 23
(𝑣𝑖𝑖) 3 ÷ 1 = ÷ = × = = =1
5 3 5 3 5 5 5×5 25 25
1 1 8 6 8 5 8×5 4 1
(𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖) 2 ÷ 1 = ÷ = × = = =1
5 5 5 5 5 6 5×6 3 3
Decimal numbers:

A decimal is another way of expressing a fraction. The dot or the point between the two digits is
called the decimal point. Number of digits after the decimal point is called the number of decimal
places. 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
↓
𝑊ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 → 32.564 ← 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡
The number of digits after the decimal point in the decimal numeral is equal to the number of zeros
after 1 in the denominator of the corresponding common fraction.

4 2 37 426 527 784

= 0.4, = 0.02, = 0.037 , = 4.26 , = 52.7 , = 0.784
10 100 1000 100 10 1000
Multiplication Decimals:

The number of decimals digits in the product of any two decimal numbers is equal to the sum of
decimal digits that are multiplied.

1. Find:

(𝑖) 2.7 × 4 = 10.8

(𝑖𝑖) 1.8 × 1.2 = 2.16

(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 2.3 × 4.35 = 10.005

2. Arrange the products obtained in (1) in descending order.

Sol: The products in descending order: , 10.8, 10.005, 2.16,

Exp 3: The side of an equilateral triangle is 3.5 cm. Find its perimeter.

Sol: Length of side=3.5 cm

Perimeter of equilateral triangle =3×side=3×3.5cm=10.5 cm

Exp 4: The length of a rectangle is 7.1 cm and its breadth is 2.5 cm. What is the area of the rectangle?

Sol: Length(l) = 7.1 cm and Breadth(b) = 2.5 cm

7.1
2
Area of the rectangle = l × b = 7.1 × 2.5 cm = 17.75 cm 2 × 2.5
355
Multiplication of Decimal Numbers by 10, 100 and 1000: 142X
17.75

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when a decimal number is multiplied by 10, 100 or 1000, the digits in the product are same as in the
decimal number but the decimal point in the product is shifted to the right by as, many of places as
there are zeros over one.

1.76 × 10 = 176 12.356 × 100 =1235.6 0.3×10=3

2.35 ×10 =23.5 1.76 × 1000 = 1760 1.2×100=120

12.356 × 10 =123.56 2.35 ×1000 = 2350 56.3×1000=56300

1.76 × 100 = 176 12.356 × 1000 = 12356

2.35 ×100 = 235 0.5×1000=500

1. Find
(i) 0.2 × 6 = 1.2 (iv) 20.1 × 4 = 80.4 (vi) 2 × 0.86 = 1.72
(ii) 8 × 4.6 = 36.8 (v) 0.05 × 7 = 0.35
(iii) 2.71 × 5 = 13.55 (vi) 211.02 × 4 = 844.08
2. Find the area of rectangle whose length is 5.7cm and breadth is 3 cm.

Sol: Length(l) = 5.7 cm and Breadth(b) = 3 cm

Area of the rectangle = l × b = 5.7 × 3 cm2 = 17.1 cm2

3. Find:
(i) 1.3 × 10 = 13 (v) 31.1 × 100 = 3110 (ix) 0.5 × 10 = 5
(ii) 36.8 × 10 = 368 (vi) 156.1 × 100 = 15610 (x) 0.08 × 10 = 0.8
(iii) 153.7 × 10 = 1537 (vii) 3.62 × 100 = 362 (xi) 0.9 × 100 = 90
(iv) 168.07 × 10 = 1680.7 (viii) 43.07 × 100 = 4307 (xii) 0.03 × 1000 = 30
4. A two-wheeler covers a distance of 55.3 km in one litre of petrol. How much distance will it cover
in 10 litres of petrol?

Sol: The distance covers by a two wheeler in 1 litre of petrol=55.3 km

The distance covers by a two wheeler in 10 litre of petrol=10×55.3 km=553 km

5. Find:

(i) 2.5 × 0.3 =0.75 (v) 0.5 × 0.05 =0.025 (ix) 101.01 × 0.01 =1.0101

(ii) 0.1 × 51.7= 517 (vi) 11.2 × 0.15= 1.68 (x) 100.01 × 1.1=110.011

(iii) 0.2 × 316.8 =63.36 (vii) 1.07 × 0.02= 0.0214

(iv) 1.3 × 3.1= 4.03 (viii) 10.05 × 1.05= 10.5525

DIVISION OF DECIMAL NUMBERS:

Division by 10, 100 and 1000

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While dividing a number by 10, 100 or 1000, the digits of the number and the quotient are same but
the decimal point in the quotient shifts to the left by as many places as there are zeros over.

31.5 ÷ 10 = 3.15 31.5 ÷ 100 = 0.315 31.5 ÷1000 = 0.0315

231.5 ÷ 10 =23.15 231.5 ÷ 10 =23.15 231.5 ÷ 1000 =0.2315

1.5 ÷ 10 =0.15 1.5 ÷ 100 =0.015 1.5 ÷ 1000 =0.0015

29.36 ÷ 10 =2.936 29.36 ÷ 100 =0.2936 29.36 ÷1000 =0.02936

Try these

(i) 235.4 ÷ 10=23.54

(ii) 235.4 ÷100 =2.354

(iii) 235.4 ÷ 1000=0.2354

Division of a Decimal Number by a Whole Number:

3.2 8.63 13.74
(𝑖) 6.4 ÷ 2 = 3.2 11.9 8.5
2 6.4 3 35.7 3 25.5 5 43.15 6 82.44
6 3 40 6
(𝑖𝑖) 35.7 ÷ 3 = 11.9 24 31
4 5 15 22
4 3 30 18
15
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 25.5 ÷ 3 = 8.5 0 27 15 44
0
27 15 42
(𝑖𝑣) 43.15 ÷ 5 = 8.63 0 0 24
3.1 18.05 24
(𝑣) 82.44 ÷ 6 = 13.74 5 15.5 7 126.35 3.24
0
15 7 4 12.96
(𝑣𝑖) 15.5 ÷ 5 = 3.1 05 56 12
5 56 09
0 8
(𝑣𝑖𝑖) 126.35 ÷ 7 = 18.05 03
0 16
16
(𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖) 12.96 ÷ 4 = 3.24 35
35 0
Exp 5: Find the average of 4.2, 3.8 and 7.6 0

Sum of observations 4.2 + 3.8 + 7.6 15.6

Sol: Average = = = = 5.2
Number of observations 3 3
Division of a Decimal Number by another Decimal Number:

25.5 × 10 255
Ex: 25.5 ÷ 0.5 = = = 51
0.5 × 10 5
22.5 × 10 225
Ex: 22.5 ÷ 1.5 = = = 15
1.5 × 10 15

7.75 7.75 × 100 775

(𝑖) = = = 31
0.25 0.25 × 100 25

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 42.8 42.8 × 100 4280
(𝑖𝑖) = = = 2140
0.02 0.02 × 100 2
5.6 5.6 × 10 56
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) = = =4
1.4 1.4 × 10 14
Exp 6: Each side of a regular polygon is 2.5 cm in length. The perimeter of the polygon is 12.5cm. How
many sides does the polygon have?

Sol: Length of each side of polygon = 2.5 cm

perimeter of the polygon 12.5 125

Number of sides of the polygon = = = =5
Length of each side of polygon 2.5 25

Exp7 :A car covers a distance of 89.1 km in 2.2 hours. What is the average distance covered by it in 1
hour?

Sol: Distance covered in 2.2 hours=89.1 km

89.1 891 81
Distance covered in 1 hour = = = = 40.5 km
2.2 22 2

1. Find:

(i) 0.4 ÷ 2 =0.2 (v) 651.2 ÷ 4 =162.8

(ii) 0.35 ÷ 5 =0.07 (vi) 14.49 ÷ 7 =2.07

(iii) 2.48 ÷ 4 =0.62 (vii) 3.96 ÷ 4 =0.99

(iv) 65.4 ÷ 6 =10.9 (viii) 0.80 ÷ 5 =0.16

2. Find:

(i) 4.8 ÷ 10 =0.48 (v) 272.23 ÷ 10 =27.223

(ii) 52.5 ÷ 10 =52.5 (vi) 0.56 ÷ 10 =0.056

(iii) 0.7 ÷ 10 =0.07 (vii) 3.97 ÷10=0.397

(iv) 33.1 ÷ 10 =3.31

3. Find:

(i) 2.7 ÷ 100=0.027 (iv) 432.6 ÷ 100 =4.326

(ii) 0.3 ÷ 100 =0.003 (v) 23.6 ÷100 =0.236

(iii) 0.78 ÷ 100 =0.0078 (vi) 98.53 ÷ 100=0.9853

4. Find

(i) 7.9 ÷ 1000 =0.0079 (ii) 26.3 ÷ 1000 =0.0263

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(iii) 38.53 ÷ 1000 =0.03853 (v) 0.5 ÷ 1000=0.005

(iv) 128.9 ÷ 1000 =0.1289

5. Find:

7 × 10 70
(𝑖) 7 ÷ 3.5 = = =2
3.5 × 10 35
36 × 10 360
(𝑖𝑖) 36 ÷ 0.2 = = = 180
0.2 × 10 2
3.25 × 10 32.5
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 3.25 ÷ 0.5 = = = 6.5
0.5 × 10 5
30.94 × 10 309.4
(𝑖𝑣) 30.94 ÷ 0.7 = = = 44.2
0.7 × 10 7
0.5 × 100 50
(𝑣) 0.5 ÷ 0.25 = = =2
0.25 × 100 25
7.75 × 100 775
(𝑣𝑖) 7.75 ÷ 0.25 = = = 31
0.25 × 100 25
76.5 × 100 7650
(𝑣𝑖𝑖) 76.5 ÷ 0.15 = = = 510
0.15 × 100 15
37.8 × 10 378
(𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖) 37.8 ÷ 1.4 = = = 27
1.4 × 10 14
2.73 × 10 27.3
(𝑖𝑥) 2.73 ÷ 1.3 = = = 2.1
1.3 × 10 13
6. A vehicle covers a distance of 43.2 km in 2.4 litres of petrol. How much distance will it cover in
one litre of petrol?

Sol: Vehicle covers distance in 2.4 litres of petrol=43.2 km

43.2 432
Vehicle covers distance in 1 litre of petrol = = = 18
2.4 24

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