Igcse Maths 3ed Extended Practice Book Answers

CAMBRIDGE IGCSE™ MATHEMATICS: EXTENDED PRACTICE BOOK
Answers
The questions and example answers that appear in this resource were written by the author. In examination, the way marks would
be awarded to answers like these may be different.
Chapter 1
Exercise 1.1 2 a 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
3 ____
1 a 1 51 √  512  = 8 b 5 × 13
3 ____
b −57 0 1 51 10 270 √  512  = 8 c 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
c 11 d 2×2×3×7
1    __
2   (−0.2, 3.142 and 0 .3̇  can also be e 2×2×2×2×5
−  __
d
4 7 expressed as fractions) f 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5
g 2 × 5 × 127
2 a 121, 144, 169, 196, …
h 13 × 151
1  , __
b  __   1  , __
  2  , __
  2  , etc.
4 6 7 9 3 a LCM = 378, HCF = 1
c 83, 89, 97, 101, … b LCM = 255, HCF = 5
d 2, 3, 5, 7 c LCM = 864, HCF = 3
3 a 6.35 b 2.6 c 2 d 39.55 d LCM = 848, HCF = 1
e LCM = 24 264, HCF = 2
4 a $2 847 379 794 and $2 797 501 328
f LCM = 2970, HCF = 6
b $49 878 466 or forty-nine million, eight
hundred and seventy-eight thousand, four
hundred and sixty-six dollars Exercise 1.4
1 −3 °C
Exercise 1.2 2 a −2 °C b −9 °C c −12 °C
1 a 18 b 36 c 90
3 a 4 b 7 c −1
d 24 e 36 f 24
d −2 e −3
2 a 6 b 18 c 9
4 a −3 b −26 c −14
d 3 e 10 f 1
d 0
3 18 metres
5 a −5 b 41 c −78
4 120 shoppers d −9 e 16
5 20 students 6 a 80.34 rupees : 1 euro
6 a 1024 cm2 b 210 tiles b −5.5
Exercise 1.3 Exercise 1.5

1 a 2, 3, 5, 7 1 square: 121, 144, 169, 196, 225, 256, 289
b 53, 59 cube: 125, 216
c 97, 101, 103
1 Cambridge IGCSE™ Mathematics – Morrison © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023
2 a 7 b 5 c 14 12 a 17 b
65
d 10 e 3 f 25 c 15 d −163
3
g  __   h 5 i 2
4
3
Exercise 1.6
j 5 k 1  __   l 12
4 1 a 26 b 66 c 23.2
__ 5
m −5 n      o 6 d 15.66 e 3.39 f 2.44
6
g 3.83 h 2.15 i 1.76
3 a 1954 b 155 c 1028
j 2.79 k 7.82 l 0.21
d 4096 e 1250 f 1875
m 8.04 n 1.09 o 8.78
g 3130
p 304.82 q 94.78 r 0.63
4 a 23 cm b
529 cm2 s 4.03 t 6.87 u 6.61
5 1  
a  __ 1  
b  __ c  __1   v 3.90 w −19.10 x 20.19
4 5 8
d   12   
___ e   13    
___ f   15   
___
Exercise 1.7
5  3  2 
g   14   
___ h   16    
___ i   1 3  
____ 1 a i 5.65 ii 5.7 iii 6
3  8  23  b i 9.88 ii 9.9 iii 10
j   1 4  
____
c i 12.87 ii 12.9 iii 13
12 
d i 0.01 ii 0.0 iii 0
6 a 2−1 b 6−1 c 3−2
e i 10.10 ii 10.1 iii 10
d 2−3 e 3−3 f 2−4
f i 45.44 ii 45.4 iii 45
g 11−2 h 4−3 i 5−1
g i 14.00 ii 14.0 iii 14
j 3−1
h i 26.00 ii 26.0 iii 26
7 a 38 b 102 c 33
2 a 53 200 b 713 000
d 32 e 2−7 f 31
c 17.4 d 0.00728
g 4−1 h 103 i 1
3 a 36 b 5.2
j 412 k 36 l 42
c 12 000 d 0.0088
m 109 n 10−4 o 21
e 430 000 f 120
p 46
_ 3
_ 9
_ g 0.0046 h 10
8 a √
 3    b √
   4    c √
   5  
_ 3 _ 4 4 a 4 × 5 = 20 b 70 × 5 = 350
(√
   4 )    e (√
   6 )   
8 9
d c 1000 × 7 = 7000 d 42 ÷ 6 = 7
_1 _1 _5
9 a 7  2   b 6  3   c 8  3   5 a 20 b 3 c
12 d 243
_3 _5
d 9  4   e 5  6  
10 a 0.04 b 9 c 1.5 Review exercise
d 0.273 e 0.16 f 2 1 natural: 24, 17
g 27 h 0.8 i 18 3 1  , 0, 0.66, 17
rational: − __
    , 24, 0.65, −12, 3  __
j 0.111 4 2
integer: 24, −12, 0, 17
8
11 a 1296 b
−1 c  __  
3 prime: 17
d 2 1  
e  __ 1    
f  ____ 2 a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
4 625
3 b two are prime: 2 and 3
g 32 h
4 i  __  
2 c 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
3 d Any two from: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
j  __  
2 e 36
3 a 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 9 a 37 b 26 c 2−1 d 40
b 3 × 3 × 5 × 41 10 a x = −3 b x = −3
c 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 7 c x = −2 d x = 6
4 14th and 26th March 11 a 1240 b 0.765
5 a true b
true c 0.0238 d 31.5
c false d
false 12 a 92.16 cm2
6 a 5 b 5 c 64 b 19.78 cm2
_
d 145 e 48 f 112 13 Yes, table sides are √ 1.4  = 1.18 metres
g 5 h 10 or 118 cm long. Alternatively, area of
cloth = 1.44 m2 and this is greater than the
7 a 16.07 b 9.79 c 13.51
table area.
d 11.01 e 0.12 f −7.74
14 1.5 metres
8 a 30 b 33 c 3−2 d 3−1
_3
15 a 40 b 6 c
22 d
72
e 3   2   f 32 g 30 h 3−2
i 38 j 3−4
Chapter 2
− 14y
Exercise 2.1 q
15 a 
 _____ 2 
  r  _____ 
    x   
 ___
s
4 5 6y
1 a 3(x + 2) b 6(x − 1) or 6(1 − x) 27 x 2
t  _____    
 
c 2(11 + x) d 18x 10
e 3x2 + 4 f x2 + 8 3 a Rectangle, P = 20x − 4
1   − x b Right angled isosceles triangle,
g  __ h   1  
x + __
5 3 P = 13x − 1
i 4 + 3x j 12 − 5x or 5x − 12 c Square, P = 8x − 16
2 a p + 5 b p − 4 c 4p d Kite, P = 6x − 14
x x 2x 2x 4 Working shown to give the answers:
$  __  
3 a b $  __  , $ ___
     , and $ ___
     
3 9 9 3 a −3x3 + x2 + 9x b −7x2 − 3x + 11
4 a 3(x + 7) = 3x + 21 c 2x2 − 3x + 5 d
3xy − 4xy2 + 2
b 2x(4 + x) = 2x2 + 8x
c 3x(6x) = 18x2 Exercise 2.4
d 2(x + __
 1  ) = 2x + 1 1 a 2x2 − 4x b xy − 3x
2
c −2x − 2 d −3x + 2
Exercise 2.2 e −2x2 + 6x f 3x + 1
1 a 54 cm2 b 1.875 m2 g x3 − 2x 2 − x h x2 + x + 2
c 110.25 cm2 d 8 cm2 x
x 2 + __
2 a      b x2 + xy
2
2 −104 x 3y
c −8x + 4x2 + 2x
3 d  __   + ___
    
3 17 2 2
e 3x2 − 6x f −5x − 6x 2
4 17.75
g −5x2 − 6x
5 a 6 b 91
3 a 2(5x + 4) − 3(x − 7) = 10x + 8 − 3x + 21
= 7x + 29
Exercise 2.3
b x3(x + 2y) − 2(x4 − y) = x4 + 2x3y − 2x4 + 2y
1 a C is correct = −x4 + 2x3y + 2y
b A cannot be simplified as there are no like
terms Exercise 2.5
c B can be simplified, the correct answer is x 6
4xy 1 a  ___2   b 3x4y
y 
2 a 3x2 − 2x + 3 b 4x2y − 2xy 2 x 2
c  ____   d xy10
c 5ab − 4ac d 4x2 + 5x − y − 5 3y
e −30mn f 6x2y g 6xy 3 5x 9
e  ____3   f x7y3
1     2y 
h −4x3y i 4b j  ___
4y 50x 3 49
g  _____   h  _______
    
9m 20y 27y 25x 3 y
k 3b l  ___     m  ____   
4 3x 8x 10 y 3
3
x
  2 2 y
  2 y
 2 i x7y j  _______    
 
n  ____
y  
 
  o   ____   p ___
     3
x 2 2
x 16 3125x  y 
4 2
k  ____    l __________
   
 
 
y 16 16
x 8 x 5 2  

2 a  ___2   b  ___4   b  __
3 a −2 c 5
y  y  3
8 d 7 e −2
c  _____       d ___  19   
x 5y 7 x  4 a 9a + b b
x2 + 3x − 2
y 16 y 22
e  ____    f  ____4    c −4a4b + 6a2b3 d −7x + 4
x 22 2x 
4x 5y
_1 __
8 e  ___
y    f 5x − ___
    
3 a x  2   b x  15    2

_1
c x  6   d x  9  
_1 5 a 11x − 3 b 6x2 + 15x − 8
_1
c −2x + 5x + 12 d
2 −x3 + 3x2 − x + 5
e 8x3 f
2x 3y  3  
5x 5 1   
x 3 6 a  ____
    b 15 c  ___

_
  1  
g x  y 4
2 x 3y −1 or ___
h   y   6 x 4
64x 9
i x3   21  4  
x −2 y −4 or _____
j d 16x4y8 e  _____    f x9y8
x  y  y 15
xy 6
  12   
y −2 or ___
k
27x 4
g  ____    h  ____
   
y  4y 3 2
_2
4 a x  3   b x2 7 a 5xy  3  
_1
b x   2 
_1
_5

_7
c y  3   d x2 y 2y  3  
x −9yor ___ 2x − 3   y  3   or ____
_1 _5
c   9  
  d   _1  
x  x  3  
  _11 __29  
f x − 4   y − 16   or _____
_3 _1 __
29
e x  4   y 2
x  4   y  16   8 Since n is even, we can replace n with 2x where
x is some unknown number. Since m is even,
5 a 2 b
2 c 4 1  
d  __ we can replace it with 2y. Therefore,
4 nm = 2x × 2y = 4xy. 4xy is a multiple of 4 and
3 3
e −4 f 2 g  __   h  __   must be divisible by 4.
2 4
9 a 1.86 mg
Review exercise b 3.79 mg (Note that you have to work out
1 a x + 12 b x − 4 four-hour dose then add that to next dose
x before applying formula for one hour to
c 5x d  __   get the amount after five hours.)
3
x
__
e 4x f      10 44%
4
g 12 − x h x3 − x or x − x3
2 a −6 b 24 c   − 1 
____ 4  
9
Chapter 3
1 a i 150° ii 180° iii 135° 1 a 103° (angles in triangle)
b 45° b 51° (ext angle equals sum int opps)
c i 810° ii 72° c 68° (ext angle equals sum int opps)
d quarter to one or 12 45 d 53° (base angles isosceles)
2 No. If the acute angle is < 45° it will produce e 60° (equilateral triangle)
an acute or right angle. f x = 58° (base angles isosceles and angles
in triangle); y = 26° (ext angles equals
3 Yes. The smallest obtuse angle is 91° and the
sum int opps)
largest is 179°. Half of those will range from
45.5° to 89.5°, all of which are acute. g x = 33° (base angles isosceles then ext
angles equals sum int opps)
4 a 45°
h x = 45° (co-int angles, angles on aline,
b (90 − x)° then angles in triangle)
c x° i x = 45° (base angles isosceles); y = 75°
5 a 135° b 90° (base angles isosceles)
c (180 − x)° d x° 2 a x = 36°; so angle BAC = 36° and angle
e (90 + x)° f (90 − x)° ABC = 72°
b x = 40°; so angle BAC = 80°;
6 angle QON = 48°, so a = 48° (vertically
angle ABC = 40° and angle ACD = 120°
opposite)
c x = 60°
7 a angle EOD = 41 ° (angles on line), so x = d x = 72°
41° (vertically opposite)
3 angle ABC = 34°; angle ACB = 68°
b x = 20° (angles round point)
8 a x = 85° (co-int angles); y = 72° (alt angles) Exercise 3.3
b x = 99° (co-int angles); y = 123° (angle
ABF = 123°, co-int angles then vertically 1 a square, rhombus
opposite) b rectangle, square
c square, rectangle
c x = 72° (angle BFE = 72°, then alt angles);
y = 43° (angles in triangle BCJ ) d square, rectangle, rhombus, parallelogram
e square, rectangle
d x = 45° (angles round a point); y = 90°
f square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus
(co-int angles )
g square, rhombus, kite
9 a x = 112° (angle AFG = 112°, vertically h rhombus, square, (kite: one diagonal
opposite, then co-int angles) bisects one pair of angles)
b x = 45° (angle STQ corr angles then i rhombus, square, kite
vertically opposite)
2 a a
a=b=c=d=e=f
c x = 90° (angle ECD and angle ACD co-int b = 45°
angles then angles round a point)
d x = 18° (angle DFE co-int with angle CDF
then angle BFE co-int with angle ABF )
f c
e x = 85° (angles ADC and EDF vertically e d
opposite, then co-int with angles BAD)
b g 63° a
a = d = e = 63°
f BCF = 98° (alt angles), f b = c = f = 27°
so DCF = 98° − 43° = 55°; x = 125°
(co-int angles)
e b
d c
3 a x = 69° b x = 64° Exercise 3.5

c x = 52° d x = 115°
1 M
(d) tangent
e x = 30°; 2x = 60°; 3x = 90°
D
f a = 44°; b = 68°; c = 44°; d = e = 68°
sector
4 a angle Q + angle R = 210° (b) chord O 50° (a)
b angle R = 140° diameter
(e) major
c angle Q = 70°
arc
E
5 a angle MNP = 42° P
N
b angle MNO = 104° (c)
c angle PON = 56°
Exercise 3.6
6 A − Kite
B − Trapezium 1, 2 student’s own diagrams
C − Rhombus 3 student’s own diagram; scalene
D − Parallelogram 4 If you only have the length of two sides, you
E − Square need to know the size of the angle at A or B or
F − Rectangle the length of the third side to make sure you
draw the given triangle. This diagram shows
that AC could be any 5 cm length and that
Exercise 3.4 would mean that BC could be a number of
1 a i 1080° ii 135° different lengths, so Jay’s reasoning is faulty.
b i 1440° ii 144° 5 cm arc
C
c i 2340° ii 156° C AC = 5 cm, so point
900 C C can be anywhere
2 ____
     = 128.57°
7 on the arc:
20 sides C
3
360
4 a 165.6° b  _____   = 25sides
14.4 A 7 cm B
5 a x = 156°
5 For example:
b x = 85°; x − 50° = 35°, x − 10° = 75°
Start by marking vertex A. Draw two 5 cm
c x = 113°; y = 104° long lines from A to vertices B and C.
6 Divide 360 by the number of angles to find the Use compasses to mark 5 cm arcs from B
size of one exterior angle. Then use the fact and C. The arcs will intersect at vertex D.
that the exterior and interior angles form a Join the vertices to form a rhombus.
straight line (180°) to work out the size of the
interior angle. Review exercise
7 Yes. If internal angle is 170°, then external 1 a x = 113°
angle = 10°. Sum of external angles is 360°, b x = 41°
and 360° ÷ 10° = 36, so this would be a
36-sided regular polygon. c x = 66°
d x = 74°; y = 106°; z = 37°
e x = 46°; y = 104°
f x = 110°; y = 124°
g x = 40°; y = 70°; z = 70°
h x = 35°; y = 55°
2 a x = 60 + 60 + 120 = 240°
b x = 90 + 90 + 135 = 315°
c x = 80°
3 a i radius
ii chord
iii diameter
b OA, OB, OC, OD
c 24.8 cm
d Student’s own diagram
4 Student’s own diagram
5 Students should construct a triangle with sides
3 cm, 12 cm and 13 cm.
Chapter 4
Exercise 4.1 f Stem Leaf
1 eye colour, hair colour 2 6
2 grade, height, shoe size, mass, number of 3 8

brothers/sisters 4 0245689
3 shoe size, number of brothers/sisters 5 1234444555566777899
6 013335577799
4 height, mass
7 013688
5 possible answers include: eye colour, hair
colour – collected by observation; height, 8 028
mass – collected by measuring; grade, shoe 9 1
size, number of siblings – collected by survey,
questionnaire Key: 2 | 6 represents 26 per cent
The actual data values are given, so you
Exercise 4.2 can calculate exact mode, median and
range. You can also see the shape of the
1 Text distribution of the data quite clearly.
Tally Frequency
messages
4 a
1 | 1
Eye colour
2 | | 2 Brown Blue Green
Hair colour
3 | | 2
Blonde 0 0 1
4 | | | | 5
Brown 3 0 0
5 | | | | | | | | 9
Black 3 1 2
6 | | | | | | 7
b Answers may vary. For example: All the
7 | | | | | 6 students with brown hair have brown eyes.
8 | | | 3 There are no blonde students with brown
eyes. Most students have black hair. And
9 | | | 3 so on, based on the data.
10 | | 2 c Student’s own answer with a reason.
5 a Stem Leaf
2 a No. of
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1257
mosquitoes
Frequency 7 6 9 7 8 7 6 1 22689
2 0349
b It is impossible to say; frequency is very
similar for all numbers of mosquitoes. 3 1113579
4 138
3 a Score 0–29 30–39 40–49 50–59
5 1
Frequency 1 1 7 19
Key: 0 | 1 represents 1 car,
Score 60–69 70–79 80–100 1 | 2 represents 12 cars
Frequency 12 6 4 b 51 cars
b 10 c 2 d 26 6 a 74
e There are very few marks at the low and b 34
high end of the scale.
c It does not show the games against each 4 Charts can be drawn vertically or horizontally.
other, it simply shows the points scored
a Breakfast food chosen
in 12 games by the home team and their
opponents. There is no link between the
scores as there would be in a table or Bread
double bar graph showing points per
game.
Hot porridge
d Their lowest score of 34 is higher than the
lowest opponent team score, so the home
team could not have lost the game where Cereal
the opponents scored 28 points.
e 8 games. Four of the opponents scores 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
(74, 63, 64, 64) are higher than the highest Frequency
home team score of 59. This means they
could not win these four games. This does b Breakfast food chosen
not mean that they won eight games, just
that this is the most games they could
have won. Bread Key
Grade 10
Exercise 4.3 Hot porridge Grade 11
1 a pictogram
Cereal
b number of students in each year group in
a school
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
c 30 students
Frequency
d half a stick figure
e 225 5 a cars b 17% c 20
f Year 11; 285 d handcarts and bicycles
g rounded; unlikely the year groups will all 6 a Pie chart with sector sizes:
be multiples of 15 A − 18°; B − 43°; C − 148°; D − 90°;
2 student’s own pictogram E or lower − 61°
b 6 c 50 d C
3 a The number of students in Grade 10
whose home language is Bahasa and 7 a 29.7 ± 0.1° C
Chinese. b April–November
b 18 c northern hemisphere
c 30 d no
d The favourite sports of students in Grade e 10 mm
10, separated by class
f February
e athletics
g There is little or no rain.
f athletics
g 9
Review exercise
1 a survey or questionnaire
b discrete; you cannot have half a child
c quantitative; it can be counted
d No. of children in family 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Tally | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Frequency 7 10 11 12 5 2 1
e Pie chart with sector sizes: 5 a Downtown b $4750
0 − 53°; 1 − 75°; 2 − 83°; 3 − 90°; 4 − 37°;
c $2500 d $3750
5 − 15°; 6 − 7°
e 15%
f The number of families that have three or
fewer children is five times greater than 6 a Rice Not rice
the number of families with four or more
children. Pasta 13 24
Not pasta 32 6
2 a Pulse rate Pulse
before rate after b 49%
exercise Stem exercise
7 a Student’s own chart
5 5 0 5 b Student’s own chart
9 9 7 4 6
8 a 49.6% b
$3 600
4 3 7
0 8 4
9 5 7 8
10 3
11 3 5 5
12 0 1
Key:
Before exercise 0 | 5 represents 50 beats
per minute
After exercise 8 | 4 represents 84 beats
per minute
b In every person, the pulse rate increased
after exercise.
3 Student’s own pictogram
4 a compound bar chart
b It shows how many people, out of every
100, have a mobile phone and how many
have a land line phone.
c No. The figures are percentages.
d Canada, USA and Denmark
e Germany, UK, Sweden and Italy
f Denmark
g Student’s own opinion with reason.
Chapter 5
Exercise 5.1 38 4   39
5 a  ___  
b  __ c ___
    
9 5 7
1 a x = 65 b x = 168 c x = 55 19 25 215
d  ___  
e  ____     f  ____  
d x = 117 e x = 48 f x = 104 4 576 72
5 5 3 __ 3 1 11     187
a  __  , 1  __  , __
2     ,     ,  __    g 0 h  ____ i  ____  
 
3 8 4 8 8 170 9
11  , __5 13 7 ___ 6 a $525 b $375
b   ___     ,  ___  , ___     ,    4    
9 9 24 18 15
7 a 300 b
6 hours 56 min
13 2 __ 5 3 17
c  ___  , 2 __     ,     ,  __  , ___
     8 28 000 litres
3 3 6 4 24

25 17 59 1 a 16.7% b 62.5% c 29.8%
1 a  ___   b ___
     c ___
    
8 11 5 d 30% e
4% f 47%
15 59 25
d  ___   e ___      f ___
     g 112% h
207% i 125%
4 4 9
33 29 j 250% k 1750% l 103.8%
g  ___   h  ___  
10 4 1   49
2 a  __   1  
b __ c ___
    
8 2 50
108 63
2 a  ____    b  ___   c 14 3
5 13 d  __   e ___  11  
5 50
28 6
d  ___   e 3 f ___
       3 a 53.33% b 37.62% c 9.05%
5 19
3 4 a 60 kg b $24
g  ___     
120 h i 72
14 c 150 litres d 55 ml
233 7 e $64 f $19.50
j 3 k  ____   l  __  
50 4 g 18 km h $108
13 19 19 i 0.2 g j $2.08
3 a  ___   b ___     c ___
    
24 60 21 k 475 m3 l 99 km
35 183 161
d  ___   e ____      f  ____   5 a +20% b −10%
6 56 20
c +53.3% d +3.3%
18 41 29
g  ___   h ___      i ___
     e −28.3% f +33.3%
65 40 21
− 5 − 10 − 26 g +2 566.7%
j  ___   k  ____    
  l  ____    
6 3 9 6 a $54.72 b $945
96 7 c $32.28 d $40 236
4 a 24 b  ___   c ___      
7 96 e $98.55 f $99.68
10 32 9
d  ___   e ___      f  ___     7 a $58.48 b $520
27 45 14
c $83.16 d $19 882
3 152
g 2 h  __   i  ____   e $76.93 f $45.24
5 39
8 28 595 tickets 4 a 1.2 × 1031 b 4.5 × 1011

9 1800 shares c 3.375 × 1036 d 1.32 × 10−11
e 2 × 1026 f 2.67 × 105
10 $129 375
g 1.2 × 102 h 2 × 10−3
11 21.95%
i 3 × 10−8
12 $15 696
5 a the Sun b
6.051 × 106
13 $6228
6 a 500 seconds = 5 × 102 seconds
14 2.5 g b 19 166.67 seconds = 1.92 × 104 seconds
7
15  ___    = 28% increase, so $7 more is better
25 Review exercise
16 $50
1 a Any multiple of 8 (8, 16, 24 etc.)
17 a 1 200 b 960 b Two trays
18 $150 1   5
2 a  __ b 63 c  __  
19 a 2 hrs 54 mins (174 mins) 6 3
3 31 71
b 4 hrs 46 mins (286 mins) d  ___      e  ___   f  ___  
44 48 6
20 26.59 grams (two decimal places) 361 334 68
g  ____   h  ____   i  ___  
16 45 15
21 a $12 b 27 750 c $114 885
14
j  ___  
9
Exercise 5.4 3 $10 000
1 a 4.5× 104 b 8 × 105
4 a 719 b 11 779
c 8 × 10 d 2.345 × 106
5 67.7%
e 4.19 × 106 f 3.2 × 1010
g 6.5 × 10−3 h 9 × 10−3 6 8.15%
i 4.5 × 10−4 j 8 × 10−7 7 a 5.9 × 109 km
k 6.75 × 10−3 l 4.5 × 10−10 b 5.753 × 109 km
2 a 2500 b 39 000 8 a 9.4637 × 1012 km
c 426 500 d 0.00001045 b 1.6 × 10−5 light years
e 0.00000915 f 0.000000001 c 3.975 × 1013 km
g 0.000028 h 94 000 000
i 0.00245
3 a 6.56 × 10−17 b 1.28 × 10−14
c 1.44 × 1013 d 1.58 × 10−20
e 5.04 × 1018 f 1.98 × 1012
g 1.52 × 1017 h 2.29 × 108
i 4.50 × 10−3
Chapter 6
Exercise 6.1 3 a x(x + 8) b a(12 − a)
1 a x = 3 b x = 4 c x(9x + 4) d 2x(11 − 8x)
9 1   e 2b(3ab + 4) f 18xy(1 − 2x)
x = __
c      = 4  __ d x=4
2 2 g 3x(2 − 3x) h 2xy 2(7x − 3)
36 ___ 18 3 i 3abc2(3c − ab) j x(4x − 7y)
x =     =     = 3  __  
e ___ f x=5
10 5 5
k b2(3a − 4c) l 7ab(2a − 3b)
g x = 2 h x = −5
4 a (3 + y)(x + 4) b ( y − 3)(x + 5)
3 1  
i x = 4 j = −  __   = −1  __
x c (a + 2b)(3 − 2a) d (2a − b)(4a − 3)
2 2
e (2 − y)(x + 1) f (x − 3)(x + 4)
k   11  = 5  __
x = ___ 1   l x=3
2 2 g (2 + y)(9 − x) h (2b − c)(4a + 1)
2 a x = 10 b x = −2 i (x − 6)(3x − 5) j (x − y)(x − 2)
8 2   k (2x + 3)(3x + y) l (x − y)(4 − 3x)
x = −  __   = −2  __
c d   4   = 1  __
x = __ 1  
3 3 3 3 5 a (2 + a)(2x + 3) b (x − 3)(x + 2y)
e x = 8 __ 1
f x =      c (b + 4)(2c + 3a) d (3x2 + 4)(2x + 1)
4
e (2y + 3x)(x2 + y2) f (a + 9)(2 − b)
g x = −4 h x = −9
i x = −10 j x = −13 Exercise 6.3
20 7
k x = −34 l x =  ___  = 1  ___       D  
1 m = __
13 13 k
3 a x = 18 b x = 27 2 c = y − mx
c x = 24 d x = −44 P + c
3 b = ____
  a    
23 5
e x = 17 f x = ___
    = 3  __   a − c
___
6 6 4 b =   x   
 
g x = −1 h x = 9
5 a a = c − b b
a = 2c + 3b
16 3
x =  ___  = 1  ___     
i j x = 10 c + d d − c
13 13 a =  ____
c    
  d a =  ____  
 
b b
k x = 42   − 1 
x = ____ 1   l e a = bc − d (or a = −d + bc)
2
x =  __ 1   cd − b
m x = 2 n f a = d + bc g a =  _____    
 
5 2
o x = 1 p
x = −1 de − c e + d
a =  ____
h      i a =  ____  
 
 
b bc
ef − d c ( f − de)
Exercise 6.2 a =   ____
j   
  k a =  ________  
 
 
bc b
1 a 3 b 8 c 5 d(e − c) d
l a =  ________    
  m a = __
  c   + b
d a e 3y f 5ab b
g 4xy h pq i 7ab c
n a = __     − 2b
j xy2z k ab3 l 3xy d
6 a w = __   P   − l b w = 35.5 cm
2 a 12(x + 4) b 2(1 + 4y) 2
c 4(a − 4) d x(3 − y) C
7 a r = ___
      b 9 cm c 46 cm
e a(b + 5) f 3(x − 5y) 2π
g 8xz(3y − 1) h 3b(3a − 4c) 8 use b = ___   2A   − a; b = 3.8 cm
i 2y(3x − 2z) j 2x(7 − 13y) h
9 a i 70 kg ii
12 kg 3 a 4(x − 2) b 3(4x − y)
b 11 656 kg c −2(x + 2) d 3x( y − 8)
T − 70P e 7xy(2xy + 1) f (x − y)(2 + x)
c  ________
   = B
12 g (4 + 3x)(x − 3) h 4x(x + y)(x − 2)
d 960 kg i (a + 10)(a − 6)
2
__
4 a 4(x − 7) = 4x − 28
h
5 √
10 a t =    __      b 6 seconds
b 2x(x + 9) = 2x2 + 18x
c 4x(4x + 3y) = 16x2 + 12xy
Review exercise d 19x(x + 2y) = 19x2 + 38xy
1 a x = −3 b x = −6 5 a x = 15°, so ∠DEG = ∠FEH = 135°
c x = 9 d x = −6 b x = 26°, so ∠ABC = 26°, ∠ACB = 94°,
e x = 2 f x = −13 ∠BAC = 60°
g x = 1.5 h x=5 c x = 30°, so ∠ADB = ∠ADC = 135°
m + r mq − p y
x = _____
2 a   np     b x =  ______
n   
  6 a Young’s Rule: d = ______
      × a;
y + 12
y
Dilling’s Rule: d = ___     × a
20
b Young’s Rule: 6.77 mg/6–8 hours;
Dilling’s Rule: 5.25 mg / 6–8 hours.
c Clark’s rule: 6.75 mg/6–8 hours.
Chapter 7
1 a 120 mm b 45 cm 1 a cube
c 128 mm d 98 mm b cuboid
e 36.2 cm f
233 mm c square-based pyramid
2 a 15.71 metres b 43.98 cm d octahedron
c 53.99 mm d 21.57 metres 2 a cuboid
e 18.85 metres f 150.80 mm b triangular prism
g 24.38 cm h 23.00 cm c cylinder
3 90 m 3 The following are examples; there are other
4 164 × 45.50 = $7462 possible nets.
a
5 9 cm each
6 about 88 cm
7 a 63π cm b 70π cm
8 a 332.5 cm
2 b 1.53 m2
c 399 cm2 d 150 cm2
e 59.5 cm2 f 71.5 cm2
g 2 296 mm 2 h 243 cm2
9 a 7853.98 mm2 b 153.94 mm2
c 7696.90 mm2 d 17.45 cm2
e 167.55 cm2
10 a 288 cm2 b 82 cm2 b
c 373.5 cm2 d 581.5 cm2
e 366 cm2 f 39 cm2
g 272.97 cm2 h 4000 cm2
i 5640.43 cm2
11 a 30 cm2 b 90 cm2
c 33.6 cm2 d 61.2 cm2
e 720 cm2 f (625π + 600) cm2
12 11.1 m2
13 70 mm = 7 cm
14 a 14π mm b
15π cm
8
c  __   π mm (or 2.6π mm)
3
15 6671.70 km
16 a 24π cm2 b 233.33π cm2
c (81π − 162) mm2
17 61.4 cm2
c 9 a 5.28 cm3 b 33 510.32 m3
c 25.2 cm3 d 169.65 cm3
e 65 144.07 mm3
10 a i 1.08 × 1012 km3
ii 5.10 × 108 km2
b 1.48 × 108 km2
11 a 0.498 m2 b
1868.36 cm2
Review exercise
1 a 110.25π cm2 b 21π cm
d ___
√ 65
2    ___
π     cm
3 a 2000 mm2 b 33 000 mm2
c 40 cm2 d 80 cm2
e 106 cm2 f 35 cm2
g 175.93 cm2 h 159.27 cm2
4 15 metres
5 243 cm2
6 a Cuboid B is smaller
b 14 265.48 mm3
Exercise 7.3 c student’s own diagram
d cylinder 7539.82 mm2, cuboid 9000 mm2
1 a 2.56 mm2 b 523.2 m2
c 13.5 cm2 d 128π mm2 7 42
2 a 384 cm2 b 8 cm 8 volume pyramid = 30 cm3

15
3 a 340 cm2 b 153 000 cm2      π cm3
volume cone = ___
2
c 4 tins difference = 6.44 cm3
4 a 90 000 mm3 b 60 cm3 729
9 volume 3 balls =  ____   π cm3
c 20 420.35 mm3 d 1120 cm3 2
e 960 cm3 f 5.76 m3 14812
volume tube = ______
    π cm
   3
g 1800 cm3 h 1.95 m3 25
space = 716.22 cm3
5 332.5 cm3
10 a 13 014.57 mm3
6 a 224 m3 b 44 people
b For example: the cylinder may be hollow,
7 67.5π m3 or, part of the sphere will be removed
where it joins the cylinder.
8 Various answers – for example:
11 37.7 cm3
Volume (mm3) 64 000 64 000 64 000 64 000
Length (mm) 80 50 100 50
Breadth (mm) 40 64 80 80
Height (mm) 20 20 8 16
Chapter 8
3 9 17
1 a red = ___
      , white = ___
      , green = ___
     1 H T
10 25 50
1   H HH HT
b 30% c 1 d  __
3 T TH TT
2 a A: 0.61, B: 0.22, C: 0.11, D: 0.05, E: 0.01
3 1  
b i highly likely a  __   b  __
4 4
ii unlikely Yellow
2 a
iii highly unlikely
1 2 3
4    or equivalent
3 a  ___ 1 1, 1 1, 2 1, 3
18 Green
4  or equivalent 2 2, 1 2, 2 2, 3
b  __
9 3 3, 1 3, 2 3, 3
7
c  __   or equivalent b 9 1  
c  __ 1  
d  __
9 3 3
4 a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 3 a
3
b i ___   1    
ii 1 iii ___        Snack
10 10
cola,
3 2  
iv  ___      v  __ vi __   1   cola, biscuit
cake
cola, muffin
10 5 2
3 9 fruit juice, fruit juice, fruit juice,
___
vii         ___
viii         ix 0 Drink
10 10 biscuit cake muffin
5 a  __ 2   water, water,
water, cake
5 biscuit muffin
3
b no sugar; probability = __     
5 1  
b  __ 2  
c  __
1   9 3
6 a  __ b __   1   c   1  
__
4 2 2
7 Exercise 8.3
7 a  ___      b __   1   c __   2  
20 2 5 1 a A E A
3
___ 1
__
d         e      C CA CE CA
10 5
13 N NA NE NA
8  ___  
40 B BA BE BA
9 0.73 R RA RE RA
5
10 __
     R RA RE RA
8
4 1  
11 a 0.16 b 0.84 c 0.6 b  ___       c  __   4    
d ___
15 5 15
d strawberry 63, lime 66, lemon 54,
blackberry 69, apple 48 7 6 9
2 a  ___      b  ___      c  ___    
13 13 13
12 a 0.6 b 0.97 c 11 d
114
1   1   3
3 a  __ b  __ c  __  
8 8 8
4 Removing a flavour has an effect on the
second choice (there are fewer left to choose
from) so the events are not independent.
Review exercise 4 a Josh
1 a 10 000 $1 $1 $1 50c 50c $5 20c 20c

b heads 0.4083; tails 0.5917 $5 6 6 6 5.5 5.5 10 5.2 5.2
1  
c  __ $5 6 6 6 5.5 5.5 10 5.2 5.2
2
d The coin could be biased – probability of $5 6 6 6 5.5 5.5 10 5.2 5.2
Carlos
the tails outcome is higher than the heads $5 6 6 6 5.5 5.5 10 5.2 5.2
outcome for a great many tosses
$2 3 3 3 2.5 2.5 7 2.2 2.2
2 1  
a  __ b  __ 2   c ___   1   
  d 0
2 5 10 50c 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1 5.5 0.7 0.7
9 9 1  
e  ___      f ___
        g  __ 50c 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1 5.5 0.7 0.7
10 10 2
3 1     
a  ___ b 7, __   1   c  __ 1     1  
d __ 3 1   35
36 6 2 6 b  ___      c  __ d  ___  
14 4 56
5 a 0.4 b 0.85
1  
6  __
8
7 a 40
b i 0.025 ii 0.3 iii 0.925
c i 1 ii 0.625
Chapter 9
Exercise 9.1 9 a un = 8 − 3n b
n = 24
1 a 17, 19, 21 (add 2) c u30 = −82
b 121, 132, 143 (add 11) 10 a First difference: 7, 9, 11, 13
c 8, 4, 2 (divide by 2) Second difference is 2, which is constant,
d 40, 48, 56 (add 8) so sequence is quadratic.
e −10, −12, −14 (subtract 2) b 65
f 2, 4, 8 (multiply by 2) c Tn = n2 + 4n + 5
g 11, 16, 22 (add one more each time than d 2705
added to previous term) 11 a Tn = n2 b Tn = 3n2 + 1
h 21, 26, 31 (add 5)
2 a 7, 9, 11, 13 b 37, 32, 27, 22 Exercise 9.2
3
_ _
  1  , __
c 1, __   1  , __
  1   d 5, 11, 23, 47 1 a
√  12 ,  0.090090009…
   16 ,  √
_ _ _
2 4 8
   90 ,  π, √
3
b
 45 ,  √
√  8  
e 100, 47, 20.5, 7.25
4   74 79
3 a 5, 7, 9 T35 = 73 2 a  __ b ___     c  ___  
9 99 90
b 1, 4, 9 T35 = 1225 103
____ 943 928
d      e  ____   f   _____   
c 5, 11, 17 T35 = 209 900 999 4995
d 0, 7, 26 T35 = 42 874 Exercise 9.3
e 0, 2, 6 T35 = 1190
1 They are all prime numbers. They have no
f 1, −1, −3 T35 = −67 square number factors.
_ _
4 a 8n − 6 b 1594 c 30th 3 √ 3   
2 a b 4 √ 3  
d T18 = 138 and T19 = 146, so 139 is not a _ _
term. c 4 √ 7    d 15 √ 2  
_ _
5 a 2n + 5 T50 = 105 9 √ 2   
e f − 8 √ 6  
_ _
b 3 − 8n T50 = −397 g − 10 √ 3    h 24 √ 6  
_ _
c 6n − 4 T50 = 296  27   
3 a
√ b √ 216  
_ _
d (n + 1) T50 = 2601
2
c √ 20    d − √ 175  
e 1.2n + 1.1 T50 = 61.1 _ _ _ _ _
 12  
4 9 √ 3 ,  6 √ 5 ,  3 √ 8 ,  3 √ 3 ,  √
6 a _ _ _ _
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 √ 7   + 3 √ 5   
5 a b 3 √ 6   + 3 √ 2  
Tn 6 11 16 21 26 31 _ _ _
c 3 √ 6    d √  7  
 3   − √
_ _
b Tn = 5n + 1  10  − 2 √ 7  
e √
c 496 d 55th _ _
4 √ 2   
6 a  5  
b √
7 a 5, 10, 15 b 7, 10, 13 _ _
c 7 √ 2    d − √
 2  
c 9, 6, 3 d −20, −16, −12 _ _
 21   
7 a
√ b √ 22  
e   1  
2, 1, __ f 1, 2, 4 _
2 c √ 10    d 4
_ _
8 3, 4, 7, 12, 19 4 √ 2   
e f 6 √ 35  
_
g 78 h 15 √ 15  
_ _
2 √ 2   
8 a  3  
b √ 2 a The set of even numbers from two to
1_ 1   twelve.
c  ___     d  __
 3  
√ 2 b 6
_
e 3 f 6 √ 3   c {2}
_ d {2, 4, 6, 8}
g 8 h 4 √ 3  
_ _ e {2}
6 √ 5   2 √ 3  
9 a   ____   
  b   ____   
  f {10, 12}
5 3
_ _
− √
 7 
  √
 6   3 a {}
____
c         ___
d      
7 3 b {1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 18}
_ _
2 √ 21   − 4 √ 3   c {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15}
e   _____    
  f   ______     
3 9 d {2, 4, 8, 10, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20}
_ _
2 √ 3   + 3 2 √ 3   + 3 e {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}
g   ________  
 
  h   ________  
 
 
3 6 f {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 18}
10 a Incorrect multiplication when expanding
brackets. 4 a {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2}
b {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
b Student B would get full marks.
5 a {x: x is even, x < 10}
 − 1  to fully
Student C did not multiply by ___
simplify the fraction. − 1 b {x: x is square numbers, x < 25}
_
1+√  5   _ 6 a It is the set of ordered coordinate pairs on
11 a   ______
   
  b − 6 − 3 √ 5   the straight line y = 5x − 2.
4
_ _ _ _ b There are an infinite number of points on
√ 15  + 7 √ 3   
12 a b 8 √ 3   − 2 √ 6  
_ _ the line so it is not possible to list them
c 18 √ 5    d 12 √ 3   − 6 all.
_ _
 54  = 3 √ 6   cm
13 √ 7 a b d f g j k
_
14 2π √ 5   cm P C
_ h t e
15 5 √
 3   cm i m
p s r
_ c
16 100 √
 3   metres y
____ _
17 √ π
200 10 √
 ____
 2  
      =   _____
_  cm
 
√ π  
l n o q u v w x z
_
18 40 √
 5   cm 8 a 9
_ _ _ b 20
P = ( 2 √ 2   + √
19 a  3   ) cm
 5   + √
_ c {c, h, i, s, y}
√
 15   2
A =   ____
b      cm d {c, e, h, i, m, p, r, s, t, y}
2
_ _ e {a, b, d, f, g, j, k, l, n, o, q, u, v, w, x, z}
V = ( √
20 a  110  + 3 √ 55   ) m3
_ _ _ f {c, h, i, s, y}
b Surface
_area = _ ( 2 √ 55  + 2 √ 10  + 6 √ 5  
+ 2 √ 22  + 6 √ 11   ) m2 9 a
M S
Exercise 9.4
78 − x x 36 − x
1 a false b
true c false
d true e false f
true
7
g false h
true
b 21 c 0.57
_
10 a x = 4 11 a
3 √ 3  
_ _
b i 12 ii 23 iii 11 b  54  = 3 √ 6  
PR = √
iv 3 v 7 1  (3 √ _ _
27
c Area =  __ 3   )(3 √    1  (9 × 3) = ___
3   ) = __     
2 2 2
Review exercise = 13.5 cm2
1 a 5n − 4 T120 = 596 12 a
b 26 − 6n T120 = −694 B C
c 3n − 1 T120 = 359
25 16 18
2 a −4, −2, 0, 2, 4, 8
b 174
21
c T46
3 2, 0, −2 b 21 c 16
4 u51 = 44 17 41   1  
d i ___
     ii  ___ iii  __
40 80 5
5 a u4 = 105 ml 59
iv  ___   v   21  
___
b The volume of medication in the blood 80 80
after 24 hours (four six−hour periods). 13 a (A ∩ C) ∩ B9
6 a 44, 60 b B∪C
b Tn = n2 + 5n − 6 c A ∪ (B ∩ C)
c 12th
14 Sequence 1st 2nd 3rd
7 a Student A multiplies each term by 3 to get term term term
the next term in the sequence.
A 1 8 27
Student B adds 4, then 12, then 20 and
has a constant second difference of 8. B 2 16 54
b A: Tn = 2 × 3n − 1 B: Tn = 4n2 − 8n + 6 C −1 10 45
c 146
Sequence 4th nth
d T10 term term
_
8 0.213231234…, √
 2   , 4π A 64 n3
23 286 B 128 2n3
9 a  ___   b ____
    
99 999
C 116 2n3 − 3n
10 n = 4
Chapter 10
Exercise 10.1 6 a m = 3, c = −4
1 a x −1 0 1 2 3 b m = −1, c = −1
y 4 5 6 7 8 c m = −   1  , c = 5
__
2
d m = 1, c = 0
b x −1 0 1 2 3
y 1 −1 −3 −5 −7 e m = __   1  , c = __
  1  
2 4
__ 4
f m =     , c = −2
c x −1 0 1 2 3 5
y g m = 0, c = 7
9 7 5 3 1
h m = −3, c = 0
d x −1 0 1 2 3
  1  , c = ___
i m = − __   14  
y −1 −2 −3 −4 −5 3 3
j m = −1, c = −4
e x 4 4 4 4 4 k m = 1, c = −4
y −1 0 1 2 3 l m = −2, c = 5
(in fact, any five values of y are correct) m m = −2, c = −20
x 7 a y = −x 1  x
b y =  __
f −1 0 1 2 3
2
y −2 −2 −2 −2 −2 c y = 2.5 d y = −2x −1
e 1  x −1 f
y =  __ y = 2x + 1
g x −1 0 1 2 3 2
y 1.5 −0.5 −2.5 −4.5 −6.5 g x = 2   1  x + 2
h y = − __
3
i y = −2x j y = x + 4
h x −1 0 1 2 3
k y = 3x − 2 l y=x−3
y −1.2 −0.8 −0.4 0 0.4
8 a x = 2, y = −6 b x = 6, y = 3
i x −1 0 1 2 3 c x = −4, y = 6 d x = 10, y = 10
y −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 − 5
e x =  ___  , y = −5
2
j x −1 0 1 2 3 9 a 1 b 1 −1c
y 0.5 −0.5 −1.5 −2.5 −3.5 d 2 e 0 1  
f  __
2
2 student’s graphs of values above 10 a a: (0, 0), b: (−1.5, 0.5), c: (−2, 3)
3 y = x − 2 b d: 13.42 units, e: 3 units, f: 6.71 units
4 a no b yes c yes 11 a AD: y = x + 3, AB: y = −x + 3,

BC: y = x − 3, DC: y = −x − 3
d no e no f no
b (−1.5, 1.5)
g yes (horizontal lines)
c ABCD is a _ square; side lengths are all
h yes (vertical lines)
equal to √
 18  and gradient of adjacent
5 a m = 1 b m = −1 c m = −1 sides has a product of −1, so sides are
6 perpendicular.
d m = __
     e m = 2 f m=0
7
12 a y = 3x − 10 b y = 2x − 6
g undefined h m = ___   1     _
16 13 a
2 √ 26   cm b 10.20 cm
14 Write the formula with (4, 6) as one of the k (x + 5)(x − 2) l (x + 4)(x − 8)

points and (x, 0) as the other point and solve m (x − 3)(x − 4) n (x + 4)(x − 3)
for x. The two points are (12, 0) and (−4, 0).
_ o (x + 9)(x − 6) p (4x + 1)2
15 2 √
 (x 2 + y 2)   q (x + 6)2 r 2(3x − 1)2
s (5x − y)2 t
(2x + 3y)2
Exercise 10.2 6 a 5(x + 2)(x + 1) b 3(x − 4)(x − 2)
1 a x2 + 5x + 6 b x2 − x − 6 c 3x(x − 3)(x − 1) d 5(x − 2)(x − 1)
c x2 + 12x + 35 d x2 + 2x − 35 e x(x + 10)(x + 2) f x2y(x + 2)(x − 1)
e x2 − 4x + 3 f 2x2 + x − 1 g x(x + 7)(x − 2) h 3(x − 3)(x − 2)
g y2 − 9y + 14 h 6x2 − 7xy + 2y2 i −2(x + 4)(x − 6) j 2(x + 7)(x − 8)
i 2x4 − x2 − 3 j x2 + x − 132 7 a (x + 3)(x − 3)
k   1  x2
1 − __ l −3x2 + 11x − 6 b (4 + x)(4 − x)
4
c (x + 5)(x − 5)
m −12x2 + 14x − 4 n x2 + 8x + 16
d (7 + x)(7 − x)
2 a x2 + 8x + 16 b x2 − 6x + 9 e (3x + 2y)(3x − 2y)
c x2 + 10x + 25 d y2 − 4y + 4 f (9 − 2x)(9 + 2x)
e x2 + 2xy + y2 f 4x2 − 4xy + y2
g (x + 3y)(x − 3y)
g 9x − 12x + 4 h
2 4x2 − 12xy + 9y2
h (11y + 12x)(11y − 12x)
i 4x2 + 20x + 25 j 16x2 − 48x + 36
i (4x + 7y)(4x − 7y)
k 9 − 6x + x2 l 16 − 16x + 4x2
j 2(x + 3)(x − 3)
m 36 − 36y + 9y2
k 2(10 + x)(10 − x)
3 a x2 − 25 b 4x2 − 25 l (x2 + y)(x2 − y)
c 49y2 − 9 d x4 − y4 m (5 + x8)(5 − x8)
e 9x2 − 16 f x6 − 4y4 n (xy + 10)(xy − 10)
g 16x y − 4z h
( y 2 )( y 2 )
4 4 4 4x8 − 4y2 5x 8w 5x 8w
o ___
    + ___
  z    ___
    − ___
  z   
i 16x2y4 − 25y2 j 64x6y4 − 49z4
4 a x3 + 5x2 + 11x + 15 p (5x5 + 1)(5x5 − 1)
b x3 + 3x2 + x − 5 q (1 + 9x2y3)(1 − 9x2y3)
_ _
c x3 − 3x2 − 6x + 8 (x + √
r  2 )  ( x − √
 2 ) 
d x3 − 14x2 + 64x − 96 8 a x = 2 b x = −10 or x = 1
e x3 + 2x2 − 5x − 6 3
c x = 1 d x = __
    
f x3 − 4x2 + 3x 2
e x = 1 f x = −12
g x3 − 5x2 + 8x − 4
h x3 − 3x2 + 3x − 1 9 a x = 0 or x = 3 b x = −2 or x = 2
i 2x3 − 11x2 + 12x + 9 c x = 0 or x = 2 d   2  
x = 0 or x = − __
3
j 3x3 − 36x2 + 144x − 192 7 7
e x = −1 or x = 1 f x = −      or x = __
__     
k −2x3 − 6x2 − 6x − 2 2 2
l 8x3 − 27 g 1   or x = __
x = −  __   1   h x = −4 or x = −2
2 2
5 a (x + 2)(x + 2) b (x + 4)(x + 3) i x = −4 or x = −1 j x = 5 or x = −1
c (x + 3)(x + 3) d (x + 1)(x + 4)
k x = 5 or x = −4 l x = −10 or x = 2
e (x + 3)(x + 5) f (x − 1)(x − 8)
m x = 5 or x = 3 n
x = 20 or x = −3
g (x − 5)(x − 3) h (x − 1)(x − 3)
o x = 7 or x = 8 p
x = 10
i (x − 26)(x − 1) j (x − 8)(x + 1)
q x = 2 r x = −7 or x = 2
Review exercise b Caroline’s distance at 7 km/h

y
  1  x
45
1 a y = __
2 40
x −1 0 1 2 3 35
y −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
30
  1  x + 3
y = __
Distance, km
b 25
2
20
x −1 0 1 2 3
15
y 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
10
c y=2
5
x −1 0 1 2 3 x
y 2 2 2 2 2 0
2 4 6
Time, hours
d y − 2x − 4 = 0
c y = 7x
x −1 0 1 2 3
d 7
y 2 4 6 8 10
e i 3 hours
All four plotted on the same graph. ii 1 h 26 min
2 a m = −2, c = −1 b m = 1, c = −6 iii 43 min
f i 28 km
c m = 1, c = 8 d m = 0, c = − __   1  
2 ii 17.5 km
e 2
m = −  __  , c = 2 f m = −1, c = 0 iii 5.25 km
3
7
3 a y = x − 3   2   x + __
b y = − __   1   a b c
3 2
c y = −x − 2 d y = − __ 4
     x − 3 i 1 (0.5, 6.5) 4.243
5
e y = 2x − 3 f y = −x + 2 ii 2 (0, 5) 4.472
g y = 2 h x = −4 iii −1 (1, 3) 2.828
i   1   x + 1
y = − __ j y = −4x + 34 4
−  __   (−0.5, 3) 5
2 iv
3
4 A 0, B 1, C 2, D 1, E 4
v undefined (−1.5, 0.25) 3.5
5 a y = −2x − 6 b y = 7
a (0,  __
2)
_
1  
  4   x + 4
y = __
c d x = −10 8 b √ 89  
3
e y = −x f y = −3 9 a x2 − 16x + 64
6 a t 0 2 4 6 b 2x2 − 2
D 0 14 28 42 c 9x2 − 12xy + 4y2
d 1 − 12y + 36y2
e 9x2 − 4
f 4x2 + 20x + 25
g 9x4y2 + 6x2y + 1
x 2 + xy + __
h   1   y 2
4
i __1
x  −     
2
4
1   − 4
j  ___ h (x + 1)(x − 6)
x 2
i 4(x + 3)(x − 4)
k 10x − 45
j 2(x − 3)(x − 4)
l −2x3 + 16x2 − 8x
k 5(1 + 2x8)(1 − 2x8)
m 2x3 + 8x2 + 16x
l 3(x + 3)(x + 2)
n x3 − 6x2 + 12x − 8
11 a x = −5 or x = −1
o 3x3 − 6x2 − 3x + 6
b x = −2 or x = 2
p −x3 + 12x + 16
c x = 2 or x = 1
10 a a(a + 2)(a − 2)
d x = −1
b (x2 + 1)(x + 1)(x − 1)
e x = 5 or x = −1
c (x − 2)(x + 1)
f x = 2
d (x − 1)(x − 1)
g x = 6 or x = −4
e (2x − 3y + 2z)(2x − 3y − 2z)
h 1   or x = 6
x =  __
f (x + 12)(x + 4) 2
( 2 )( 2)
x x i x = 7
g x 2 + __
     x 2 − __
    
Chapter 11
Exercise 11.1 2 9 : 4
1 a 5 cm b 17 cm 3 a 254.48 cm2 b
529 mm2
c 12 mm d 10 cm 4 a x = 2 cm b
x = 15 m
e 1.09 cm f
0.45 cm
5 28 000 cm3
g 8.49 cm h
6.11 cm
6 a 5 : 1 b 25 : 1 c
125 : 1
2 a 55.7 mm b
14.4 cm
c 5.29 cm d 10.9 mm Exercise 11.4
e 9.85 cm f
9.33 cm
1 x = 2.9 cm
3 a no b yes c no d
yes
_ _ 2 x = 3 cm
4 a
√ 32  = 5.66 b
√ 18  = 4.24
_ _ 3 BCA = EFD (corresponding angles in
c √ 180  = 13.4
√ 32  = 5.66 d congruent triangles)
_
e 3 f
√ 45  = 6.71 So 2x + 15 = 3x − 2 and x = 17°
5 20 mm So, ABC = DEF = 29°, BCA = EFD = 49° and
CAB = FDE = 102°
6 44 cm
4 a Yes b 76.2 cm
7 height = 86.6 mm, area = 4330 mm2
5
8 13 metres and 15 metres
9 310 cm
Exercise 11.2
1 a 2.24 cm b 6 mm
c 7.5 mm d 6.4 cm
e y = 6.67 cm, z = 4.8 cm
f x = 5.59 cm, y = 13.6 cm
g x = 9 cm, y = 24 cm
h x = 50 cm, y = 20 cm
2 angle ABC = angle ADE (corr angle are equal) Review exercise
angle ACB = angle AED (corr angle are equal)
angle BAC = angle DAE (common) 1 a sketch b
130 metres
∴ triangle ABC is similar to triangle ADE 2 102 = 62 + 82 ∴ triangle ABC is right angled
3 25.5 metres (converse Pythagoras)
_ _
4 Angle ACB = angle ECD (vertically opposite 3 a
√ 18  = 4.24 b
√ 20  = 4.47
_
angles) c
√ 8   = 2.83 d
5
Angle ABC = angle EDC (alternate angles) e 3.5
Angle BAC = angle DEC (alternate angles)
Three equal angles so triangles are congruent. 4 P = 2250 mm
Length AE = 28 cm 5 a x = 3.5 cm
b x = 63°, y = 87°
Exercise 11.3 c x = 12 cm
1 a x = 18 cm
6 a 4 : 1 b
1 : 9
b x = 27 cm, y = 16 cm
7 18 cm2 13 a 140 mm
8 23 750 mm2
9 a 3 cm
b height = 12 cm, area of base = 256 cm2 68 mm
10 a triangle ABC is congruent to triangle HGI 560 mm
b triangle ABC is congruent to triangle 420 mm

DEF
c triangle ACB is congruent to triangle EDF
d triangle CAB is congruent to triangle GIH
11 a The lines are perpendicular. 140 mm
b It is a rectangle or a square.
b 156 mm
12 5.63 metres
Chapter 12
Exercise 12.1 2 a mean = 12.8, median = 15, mode = 17,
range = 19
1 mean median mode
b mode too high, mean not reliable as range
a 6.14 6 6 is large
b 27.44 27 27 and 38
3 a Runner B has the faster mean time; he or
c 13.08 13 12
she also achieved the faster time, so would
d 5 5 no mode
technically be beating Runner A.
e 4.89 5 4
b A is more consistent with a range of only
f 5.22 5 6
2 seconds (B has a range of 3.8 seconds).
2 a iii and vi
4 Median. The mean will be affected by the very
b Sensible answer from student, e.g. high value of 112 minutes and the mode has
different sets can still add up to the same only two values, so unlikely to be statistically
total as another set. If divided by the valid. The median is 21 minutes which seems
same number they will have the same reasonable given the data
mean.
3 255 Exercise 12.3
4 15 1 Score ×
Score Frequency
5 a 14 metres b
8.6 metres frequency (fx)
c 10 metres d 10 metres 0 6 0
1 6 6
6 Need to know how many cows there are to
work out mean litres of milk produced per 2 10 20
cow. 3 11 33
7 a 2.78 b 1 4 5 20
8 a $20.40 b $6 c $10 5 1 5
d 2 (only the Category B workers) 6 1 6
e The mean is between $20 and $40 so the Total 40 90
statement is true. a 2.25 b
3 c
2 d
6
Exercise 12.2 2 Data set A B C

mean 3.5 46.14 4.12
1 a Mean = 4.3, median = 5, mode = 2 and 5.
The data is bimodal and the lower mode median 3 40 4.5
(2) is not representative of the data. mode 3 and 5 40 6.5
b Mean = 3.15, median = 2, mode = 2.
The mean is not representative of the data 3 a Stem Leaf
because it is too high. This is because there 1 679
are some values in the data set that are
much higher than the others. (This gives a 2 125599
big range, and when the range is big, the 3 0458
mean is generally not representative.) 4 19
c Mean = 17.67, median = 17, no mode.
There is no mode, so this cannot be Key: 1 | 6 represents 16 years
representative of the data. The mean b 33 years b 29 years
and median are similar, so they are both
representative of the data. 4 a 8 years b 4 years
288
c  ____  = 5.3 years d 5 years
54
5 a Group A Group B
Leaf Stem Leaf
4 077899
98776 5 123446778999
986666542110 6 2344566678
76544322100 7 12
10 8
Key: (Group A) 6
| 5 represents 65 kgand (Group B) 4 | 0 represents 40 kg
b Range for group A is 81 − 56 = 25; for group B 72 − 40 = 32.
Median for group A is 67 kg, for group B is 58.5 kg.
In general, group A are h eavier than group B. The distribution for group A is more clustered
around the higher values and only five competitors in group A weigh less than 60 kg.
18 competitors in group B have a mass of less than 60 kg and only two have a mass of 70 or more
kilograms while 13 group A competitors weigh 70 or more kilograms.
Exercise 12.4
1 a Frequency ×
Marks (m) Mid-point Frequency ( f )
mid-point
0 , m < 10 5 2 10
10 , m < 20 15 5 75
20 , m < 30 25 13 325
30 , m < 40 35 16 560
40 , m < 50 45 14 630
50 , m < 60 55 13 715
Total 63 2315
b 36.75 (2 d.p.)
c 30 , m , 40
2 Words per
Mid-point Frequency f × mid-point
minute (w)
31 , w < 36 33.5 40 1340
36 , w < 41 38.5 70 2695
41 , w < 46 43.5 80 3480
46 , w < 51 48.5 90 4365
51 , w < 55 53.5 60 3210
55 , w < 60 58.5 20 1170
Total 360 16 260
a 45.17 (2 d.p.)
b 46 , w , 51
Exercise 12.5 3 C – although B’s mean is bigger it has a larger

range. C’s smaller range suggests that its mean
1 a Q1 = 47, Q2 = 55.5, Q3 = 63, IQR = 16 is probably more representative.
b Q1 = 8, Q2 = 15, Q3 = 17, IQR = 9
4 a 4.82 cm3 b 5 cm3
c Q1 = 0.7, Q2 = 1.05, Q3 = 1.4, IQR = 0.7
c 5 cm3
d Q1 = 1, Q2 = 2.5, Q3 = 4, IQR = 3
5 a 36.47 years
Review exercise b 40 < a , 50
1 a mean 6.4, median 6, mode 6, range 6 c don’t know the actual ages
b mean 2.6, median 2, mode 2, range 5 6 a 19
c mean 13.8, median 12.8, no mode, b 5
range 11.9 c Q1 = 18, Q3 = 23, IQR = 5
2 a 19 b 9 and 10 c 5.66 d fairly consistent, so data not spread out
Chapter 13
Exercise 13.1
1 Student’s own diagrams
2 a 2600 metres b 230 mm
c 820 cm d 2450.809 km
e 20 mm f 0.157 metres
3 a 9080 g b 49 340 g
c 500 g d 0.068 kg
e 0.0152 kg f
2.3 tonne
4 a 19 km 100 metres
b 9015 cm 15 cm
c 435 mm 2 mm
d 492 cm 63 cm
e 635 metres 35 metres
f 580 500 cm 500 cm
5 a 1200 mm2 b 900 mm2
c 16 420 mm2 d 370 000 m2
e 0.009441 km2 f 423 000 mm2
6 a 69 000 mm3 b 19 000 mm3
c 30 040 mm3 d 4 815 000 cm3
e 0.103 cm3 f 0.000 046 9 cm3
g 0.455 litres h
42 250 cm3
7 220 metres
8 110 cm
9 42 cm
10 88 (round down as you cannot have part of
a box)
Exercise 13.2
1 (a) (b)
Name Time in Time out Lunch
Hours worked Daily earnings
3
Dawoot   1   past 9
__ Half past five  __   hour   1   hours
7__ $100.88
4 4 2
Nadira 8.17 a.m. 5.30 p.m.   1   hour

__ 8 h 43 min $117.24
2
John 08 23 17 50 45 min 8 h 42 min $117.02
Robyn 7.22 a.m. 4.30 p.m. 1 hour 8 h 8 min $109.39
Mari 08 08 18 30 45 min 9 h 37 min $129.34
2 6 h 25 min Exercise 13.4

3 20 min 1 a 1 cm per 100 000 rupiah
4 a 5 h 47 min b
10 h 26 min b i 525 000 rupiah
c 12 h 12 min d
14 h 30 min ii 1 050 000 rupiah
5 a 09 00 b 1 hour c 10 05 iii 5 250 000 rupiah
d 30 minutes c i Aus$38 ii
Aus$304
e It would arrive late at East Place at 10 54
2 a Temperature in degrees F against
and at West Lane at 11 19.
temperature in degrees C
6 2 hours, 1 minute and 39 seconds b i 32 °F ii 50 °F iii 210 °F
(or 02:01:39)
c Oven could be marked in Fahrenheit, but
of course she could also have experienced
Exercise 13.3 a power failure or other practical
1 The upper bound is ‘inexact’ so 42.5 in table problem.
means ,42.5 d Fahrenheit scale as 50 °C is hot, not cold
Upper Lower 3 a 9 kg b 45 kg

bound bound c i 20 kg ii 35 kg iii
145 lb
a 42.5 41.5
b 13 325.5 13 324.5 Exercise 13.5
c 450 350 1 a US$1 = ¥115.76 b £1 = NZ$1.97
d 12.245 12.235 c €1 = IR84.25 d Can$1 = €0.71
e 11.495 11.485 e ¥1 = £0.01 f R1 = US$0.07
f 2.55 2.45 2 a 3800 b 50 550 c 9650.10
g 395 385 3 a 13 891.20 b 64 160 c 185 652
h 1.1325 1.1315 4 US$294.50
2 a 71.5 < h , 72.5 5 $0.70 or 70c
b Yes, it is less than 72.5 (although it
6 C$676
would be impossible to measure to that
accuracy).
Review exercise
3 upper bound: 28.0575 m2
lower bound: 26.9875 m2 1 a 2700 metres b 690 mm
4 a 195.5 cm < h , 196.5 cm c 6000 kg d 0.0235 kg
93.5 kg < m , 94.5 kg e 263 000 mg f 29 250 ml
b maximum speed g 0.24 litres h 1000 mm2
greatest distance _____
405 i 0.006428 km2 j 7 900 000 cm3
=  _______________
     =  
     
shortest time 33.5 k 29 000 000 m3 l 0.168 cm3
= 12.09 m/s 2 23 min 45 s
5 a upper bound of area: 15.5563 cm2 3 2 h 19 min 55 s
lower bound of area: 14.9963 cm2
b upper bound of hypotenuse: 8.0910 cm 4 1.615 metres < h , 1.625 metres
lower bound of hypotenuse: 7.9514 cm 5 a No, that is lower than the lower bound of
6 0.4425 cm2 45.
b Yes, that is within the bounds.
6 a 3.605 cm to 3.615 cm 9 a conversion graph showing litres against

2.565 cm to 2.575 cm imperial gallons (conversion factor)
b lower bound of area: 9.246825 cm2 b i 45 litres ii 112.5 litres
upper bound of area: 9.308625 cm2 c i approximately equal to 3.5 gallons
c lower: 9.25 cm2, upper: 9.31 cm2 ii approximately equal to 26.5 gallons
7 a 21 600 m3/hr d i 48.3 km/gal and 67.62 km/gal
b 31.46 m3/m2 ii 10.62 kilometres per litre and
14.87 kilometres per litre
8 a Brigid Kosgei
10 €590.67
b 3 minutes 53 seconds
c 3 minutes 41 seconds faster 11 a US$1 = IR76
d 3 minutes 11 seconds per kilometre b 152 000 rupees
c US$163.82
12 £4046.25
Chapter 14
Exercise 14.1 b x > 11
1 a x = 3, y = 2 b x = 1, y = 2 x
10 11 12 13
c x = 3, y = −1 d x = 3, y = 5
2 a x = 2, y = 1 b x = 3, y = −1 c x < 7
c x = 5, y = 2 d x = 3, y = 2
x
8 7 6 5
3 a A: y = −2
B: y = x d x > −7
C: y = 3x − 6
x
D: y = −7x − 1 −7 −8 −6 −5
E: y = −2x + 4
e x,6
b i x = −2, y = −2
ii x = 3, y = 3 x
4 5 6 7
iii x = 3, y = −2
f x < −15
iv x = −1, y = 6
v x = 2, y = 0 x
−17 −16 −15 −14
4 a x = 1, y = −2 b x = 2, y = 1
2 a x > 4
c x = 3, y = 1 d x = 5, y = 2
x
e x = 7, y = −4 f   1  , y = −2
x = __ 3 4 5
3
g x = 3, y = 2 h x = 3, y = 3 b x<6
i x = 2, y = −1 j x = 5, y = 1
k x = 2, y = 1 l x = 2, y = 2 x
3 4 5 6 7
m x = 3, y = 2 n x = 3, y = 2.5
c x > 6
o x = 4, y = 2 p x = 5, y = 3
q x = 0.5, y = −0.5 r x = −9, y = −2 x
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 a x = 15, y = 30 b x = 4, y = 2
c x = 2, y = 1 d x,8
6 x = 70 and y = 50 x
7 8 9
7 Pack of markers is 150 grams, notebook is
80 grams. e x > −6
8 a c + d = 15, 50c + 120d = 960 x
−7 −6 −5
b 3 desks and 12 chairs
9 x + y = 23; 8x − 15y = 92, x = 19 people took f   1  
x < 18 __
3
a class
x
18 18 1 18 2
Exercise 14.2 3 3
1 a x , 6
x
7 6 5 4
5
x . − __ 
g c y
8 6
x
6 5 4
− − −
8 8 8 4
h x < −1 2
x
−3 −2 −1 0
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6x
i −2 , x < 1
−2
x
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2
y = 2x + 2
−4
j 2 , x , 4
x −6
1 2 3 4 5
3 x > 39 d y
6
1   , x , 11 __
4 1 __ 1  
2 2 4
2y + x = 6
5 x > 3 __ 1  but she cannot buy __
 1  cookie, so she
4 4
2
has to buy at least four.
6 p < 6.2 As she can only buy whole pizzas,
the most she can buy is six to still have enough −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6x
money for a cake.
−2
Exercise 14.3
−4
1 a y
2
y=x−3
1 −6
y>x−3
−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 x
e
−1 y
6
−2
−3 2x + y = 4
4
−4
−5
2
b y
5 y = 2x
4 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6x
(2, 4)
3
−2
2 (1, 2)
1
−4
0
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3x
−1
−6
−2
−3
y < 2x
−4
f y
6
1
y = –x + 2
4 2
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6x
−2
−4
−6
2 a y > 2x + 1 b y . 2x − 1
3x
  1  x + 2
c y , − __ d y >  ___    + 3
3 2
2x
3 x > 3 and y , ___      − 1
3
4 y
8
7
6
5
4
This is solution region
3
2
y>1
1
−7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
−1
−2
−3
−4
y<−x+5
−5
−6
−7
x 1
−8
5 y
8
7
x > −4
6
5
4
3
2
x−y<7
1
−8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
2x + y < 4
−8
Exercise 14.4
_ _
1 a x = 4, x = −1 2 a x = −2 − √
 7   or x = √
 7   − 2
_ _ _ _
b x=√   1, x = − √
 6 −  6   − 1 b x = −4 − √
 10  or x = √
 10  − 4
___ ___ _ _
3
c x =  __   +  ___
2
_
12 √
  11    , x = __
3
2
_
√
  11    
     −  ___
12
1−√  13  
c x =   _______
   
3
1 + √ 13  
 or x =   _______
_
    
_3
2 + √
10 
    2 − √
 10    −1 − √ 7    7   − 1
√
d x =   _______    , x =   _______    
  d x =   ________
  or x =   ______
 
     
 
3 3 2 2
_ _
2 a x = 2, x = −0.5 − b + √
 b 2 − 4ac   − b − √
 b 2 − 4ac  
_______________
3   _______________
      −       
b x = 3, x = 1 2a _ 2a_
c x = 2.53, x = −0.53 − b + √ b 2 − 4ac  
+ b + √
_____________________________  b 2 − 4ac  

=           
d x = 3, x = −0.5 _
2a
2 √ b 2 − 4ac  
___________
e x = 7.47, x = −1.47 =       
_
2a
f x = −2.27, x = 1.77
√ b 2 − 4ac  
=   __________a    
Exercise 14.5
1 a x = 1.85 or x = −0.180
Exercise 14.6
b x = 1.18 or x = − 0.847 1 a (2x + 1)(x + 1) b (x + 2)(3x − 1)
c x = 0.922 or x = −3.25 c ( y + 2)(5y − 1) d ( y − 1)(5y − 3)
d x = 1.70 or x = − 4.70 e (3x + 5)(2x − 1) f (3x + 2)(4x − 3)
e x = 1.45 or x = −3.45 2 a 2(x + 2)(2x + 1) b 4(x + 6)(x − 3)
f x = 4.44 or x = 0.564 c (x − 3) (2x − 3) d 2(x + 1) (5x − 7)
g x=1 e (3x + 2) (4x + 5) f 6(x + 2) (x − 1)
h x = −0.618 or x = 1.62 g (x + 3)(x + 2) h (3x + 8)(x − 4)
i (2y − 7)(2y − 1)
3 (3x + 1) cm
4 (3x − 1) cm
Exercise 14.7 e x , −7

x
7x y2 2 −9 −8 −7 −6
28 8x
− ___
1 a      x b  ___   c −  _____
  
z  
3y 47
x 4 5z f x < ___
    
d
36xy 2 _____
e   3  3    f  ___3   30 x
45 46 47 48
y  z  x 
30 30 30 30
2 a xy b y c x − 2xy 5
d 2x2 + 3x e x + 3 f x+1 y
g x − 1 h 2x − 1 6
(2x − 1)
3 a  ________  
( x + 1) 4
3x − y > −6
x(2x + 1)
b  _______________
     
6(x + 1)( 4x − 5) 2x + y , 4
x+2
c  _____    
 
2
7x − 11 x
d  _____________
       −2 2
( x + 3)( x − 5)
2x + 7
e  ________2    
(x + 4) 
2(x 2 + 4) 6 y
f  _________   11
( x 2 − 4)
10
2x 3 − 18x 2 − 13x + 117 y + x < 10
g  _______________________
        9
x 4 − 13x 2 + 36
8
4x 2 − 3x + 3
h  ____________  
 
  7
x − x 3 x.0
2  6
i  ___________________
     x + 2y < 16
( x − 4)( x − 2)( x + 1) 5
4
Review exercise 3
1 x = 2, y = −5 2
1
2 x = −2, y = 5
3 $5000 at 5% and $10 000 at 8% −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 x
−1
3 y>0
4 a x < −  __   −2
4 x _ _
1 2 3 4
− − − − − 5 + √
 17   − 5 − √
 17  
4 4 4 4 7 =   _________
x   or x =   _________
 
     
 
2 2
_ _
b x , 5 √  14  
____ √
 14  
____
x 8 x = − 1 +        or x = −1 −       
3 4 5 6 2 2
3x + 19 2(x + 5)
c x , 9 9 a  ________2    b  ________
 
 
 
x (x + 4)  x+4
7 8 9 10
10 Pencil = $1.20 and ruler = $2.00
7
d x > − __
    
4 x 11 a i (1 + 3)(1 + 7) = 4 × 8 = 32
8 7 6 5
−
4
−
4
−
4
−
4 ii (−4 + 3)(−4 + 7) = −1 × 3 = −3
iii (−8 + 3)(−8 + 7) = −5 × −1 = 5
b when x = −7 answer is zero
c −3 > x > −7
  2  , y = __
x = __
12   1  
3 4
Chapter 15
Exercise 15.1
1 1 cm 0.5 cm 0.5 cm
0.5 cm
0.5 cm
0.4 cm
2 3.3 cm
2.1 cm
5.4 cm 5.4 cm
5.4 cm
3.3 cm
3 a i 100 mm ii 200 mm
iii 250 mm iv
125 mm
b 1 : 200
4 a 16 metres b 10 metres
c 12.4 metres d 2 metres
5 13 mm or 1.3 cm
6 0.32 mm
Exercise 15.2
1 a B
b i 115° ± 1° ii 333° ± 1°
c 022° ± 1°
2 329° ± 1°
3 a 200 metres b 036° ± 1°
4 6 km
Exercise 15.3
1 Triangle Hypotenuse Opposite u Adjacent u
ABC AB BC AC
DEF DF EF DE
XYZ XZ XY YZ
2 a b c d e f
i sin u 0.6 0.385 0.814 0.96 0.471 0.6
ii cos u 0.8 0.923 0.581 0.28 0.882 0.8
iii tan u 0.75 0.417 1.400 3.429 0.533 0.75
3 a 0.743 b 0.978 c 2.605 Exercise 15.6

d 0.416 e 0.839 f 0.839
1 a cos 88° b −cos 140°
g 0.185 h 0.993
c sin 121° d sin 99°
4 a 5.75 cm b 26.26 mm e −cos 45° f
−cos 150°
c 7.27 metres d 7.56 cm
2 a 135° b
240° c
235°
e 61.44 cm f 7.47 metres
d 630° e
300° f
350°
5 a 32° b 12° c 44°
3 a x = 108° or 288°
d 39° e 73° f 50°
b x = 60° or 120°
6 a 36.9° b
23.2° c
45.6° c x = 135° or 225°
d 66.0° e
68.0° f
9.6° d x = 120° or 300°
e x = 180°
Exercise 15.4 _ f x = 90° or 270°
_ √ 2  
1 a 1 b √ 3    c   ___   + 1 g x = 98° or 278°
_ _ _ 2
√ 2   + 2 √ 3   4 √ 3   1   h x = 40°, 80°, 160°, 200°, 280° or 320°
d   _________     e   ____
      f
  1 __
2 3 2 i x = 120° or 240°
1   j x = 60° or 300°
2 a  __   1  
b __ c   1  
__
4 3 2 k x = 49° or 131° (nearest degree)
_
d 0 e 1 f √ 3   l x = 60° or 300°
_ 2 4 a 10°, 50°, 130°, 170°, 250° or 290°
  1     + (
(2)  )  = __
2
√ 3   3
3 a LHS = __   ___    1   + __
     b 90°, 210° or 330°
2 4 4
= 1 = RHS
_
Exercise 15.7
√ 3   sin Q _____
sin P _____ sin R
  ___     _
_ 1 _____
  p =   q 
     
=   r 
  
2    3   __
√
b LHS =   ___  =   ___   ×   2   = √ 3 ; 
2
  1  
__ 1
2 a x = 10.46 cm b x = 8.915 cm
__
2
RHS = √ 3 ,  so LHS = RHS. 3 a x = 9.899 cm b x = 11.20 cm
c x = 5.477 cm d x = 106.6°
Exercise 15.5 e x = 328.3 mm f x = 134.5°
1 a 15.08 metres b 30.16 cm g x = 14.51 cm h x = 136.1 mm
i x = 10.95 cm j x = 61.50°
2 6.06 metres
k x = 108.1° l x = 4.396 metres
3 16.62 cm
_ m x = 22.19° n x = 17.28 cm
4 9 + 4√
 3   metres o x = 7.756 cm p x = 23.45°
5 52.43 km 4 a x = 74.6° or x = 105.4°
6 a 1689 metres b 975 metres b x = 47.0° or x = 133.0°
7 185 metres 5 a QP = 8.401 metres
8 a 64.2° b
4.36 metres b QS = 7.928 metres
9 50.3° 6 x = 1081 cm
10 1.14 metres 7 AB = DC = 19.8 m, AD = BC = 7.7m
11 4.86 metres 8 139 metres

9 22 cm
10 0° − 20°
Exercise 15.8 3 a 150° b

160°
1 a 5.85 cm2 b 18.21 cm2 4 a x = 30° or x = 150°

c 25.82 cm2 d 41.93 cm2 b x = 120° or x = 240°
c x = 44.4° or x = 135.6°
2 a 106.5 cm2 b 2226.43 cm2
d x = 60° or x = 240°
3 65.0 cm2
e x = 210° or x = 330°
Exercise 15.9 f x = 30° or x = 60° or x = 210° or x = 240°
g x = 30° or x = 210°
1 24.22 cm
h x = 135° or x = 225°
2 DB = 37.30 metres tall
i x = 45° or x = 225°
3 a CD = 74.69 metres j x = 40° or x = 80° or x = 160° or x = 200°
b Area ACD = 1941.52 m2 or x = 280° or x = 320°
4 a In triangle AFB: FB 2 = h2 + w2 5 a x = 190° or x = 310°
(Pythagoras’ theorem) b x = 56.3° or x = 236.3°
FB = DB (diagonals of congruent c x = 72.2° or x = 117.8° or x = 297.8°
rectangles) or x = 252.2°
FD2 = FE 2 + ED2 = w2 + w2 = 2w2
6 approximately equal to 16 metres
So using the Cosine rule
lookout
2(w 2 + h 2) − 2w 2 (L) 50°
cos u = ________________
        
2(w 2 + h 2)
h 2
= ________
  2   2   25 m
w  + h 
b u = 50.21°
Review exercise base of lookout 5m swimmer shark

(B) (W) (S)
1 Lines drawn accurately to the following
lengths: 7 RS = 591 metres
a 1 cm b 2 cm c 3.4 cm
 1   + __
8 a cos 60° + sin 30° = __   1  = 1
d 1.4 cm e 3.6 cm f 1.8 cm 2 2
_ _
 3   ___
√
___  3   √_
√
2 b cos 30° + sin 60° =      +      =  3  
2 2
_
( 2)
2
c (sin 30°)2 + (cos 30°)2 = (
2)
2
1     +   √___
  __
  
3 
 
 
   
(v)
1   + __ 3
(i) = __        = 1
N 4 4
9 a 2 metres
b Greatest depth: noon and midnight
(iv) (ii) Empty: 6.00 p.m.
control tower
c Between noon and 2.00 p.m. and from
10.00 p.m. onwards (to 2.00 a.m. the next
day).
10 AB = 9.90 cm, AC = 5.43 cm
11 E = 22.2°, F = 34.8°, DE = 89.2 mm
(iii)
12 31.37 km
200 km
13 a 869 mm2 b 585 mm2
14 54 metres
15 10.2 cm
16 a 5.19 metres b 62.0°
c 5.52 metres d 6.38 metres
17 a 9.28 km (three significant figures)
b 268.0° (one decimal place)
18 a A = 150° B = 190°
b A = 134.730 km, B = 153.209 km
Chapter 16
Exercise 16.1 Review exercise
1 a A strong negative correlation. The more 1 a the number of accidents at different
hours of watching TV, the less the test speeds
score. b average speed
b A strong positive correlation. The longer c answers to (c) depend on student’s best fit
the length of arm, the higher the bowling line
speed.
i approximately equal to 35 accidents
c Zero correlation. The month of birth has
no effect on mass. ii , 45 km/h
d A strong negative correlation. The more d strong positive
cigarettes smoked daily, the less the length e There are more accidents when vehicles
of life. are travelling at a higher average speed.
e A fairly strong positive correlation. 2 a There a strong negative correlation at
Usually the taller one is, the bigger the first, but this becomes weaker as the cars
shoe size. get older.
2 a student’s own line (line should go close to b approximately equal to 3 years
(160, 4.2) and (175, 5.55)); c It stabilises around the $6000 level.
answers (b) and (c) depend on student’s d 2−3 years
best fit line
e $5000−$9000 This is not very reliable
b approximately equal to 4.7 metres as there is limited data from only one
c Between 175 cm and 185 cm. dealership.
This is not a reliable prediction because
6.07 metres is beyond the range of the 3 a There is no correlation. As one variable
given data. increases (x), there is no increase or
decrease in the other variable.
d fairly weak positive
b There is no correlation. As one variable
e taller athletes can generally jump further increases ( y), there is no increase or
3 a distance (metres) decrease in the other variable.
b 600
d
500
Distance (m)
400
300
200
100
0
0 6 8 10 12 14 16
Age (years)
c weak positive
e 12 years old
f Not very reliable because correlation is
very weak and beyond the range of the
data
g 600 metres
Chapter 17
1 $19.26 1 a 12 h b 40 h c   1   h
25 __
2
2 $25 560 2 a $1190 b $1386 c $1232
3 a $930.75 b $1083.75 3 a $62 808 b $4149.02
c $765 d $1179.38
4 Student’s own graph showing values:
4 a $1203.40 b $830.72
Years Simple interest Compound interest
5 $542.75
1 300 300
6 a $625 b $25 c $506.50
5 1500 1592.74
10 3000 3439.16
Exercise 17.2
1 a $7.50 b $160 c $210 A comment such as, the amount of compound
interest increases faster than the simple
d $448 e $343.75
interest
2 5 years
5 $862.50
3 2.8%
6 $2678.57
4 $2800 more
7 a $1335, $2225
5 $2281 more b $1950, $3250
6 a $7.50 b $187.73 c $225.75 c $18 000, $30 000
d $574.55 e $346.08 8 a $4818 b 120%
7 $562.75 9 $425
8 a $2000 b $9000 10 $272.73
1  %, year 3: 50%
9 Year 1: 25%, year 2: 33 __ 11 $43.36 (each)
3
10 a $184 000 b $117 760 12 $204
11 a 160 mg (50% of original amount) 13 161

b 35.4% of original amount 14 326.84 hPa (using power 8.849 in formula)
12 a $2.04x b $3.1216x
c $200 000
Exercise 17.3
1 $64.41
2 a $179.10 b $40.04 c $963.90
3 a $100 b $200 c $340
d $900
4 $300
5 $500
Chapter 18
Exercise 18.1
1 a x −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y −33 −22 −13 −6 −1 2 3 2 −1 −6 −13 −22 −33
b x −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 50 37 26 17 10 5 2 1 2 5 10 17 26
c x −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 4 1 0 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100
y 3 a i x = −3 or x = 1
100
ii x = −1
90
80
iii (−1, 8)
70
b i x = −4 and x = 0
60 ii x = −2
(b) 50 iii (−2, 4)
40 4 a y = 3(x + 1)2 + 0
30 b (0, 3)
20 c x = −1, vertex (−1, 0)
10 d (−1, 0)
(c)
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6x e axis of symmetry
−10 x = −1 y
−20 y = 3x2 + 6x + 3
−30
(a)
−40 (0, 3)
y-intercept
2 a y
x-intercept −1
x
turning point, (−1, 0) 0
3 y = x2 − 4x + 3 minimum
5 a y
1 2 1
y= x −
2 2
0 1 3 x
−1 x
−1 0 1
−1
2
b y = −1 [when x = 2]
c x = 2
b y e y
5
8 4
y =−2x2 + 8
3
x 2
−2 0 2
1
y = x2 − x + 1
−2 −1 0 1 2 3x
c y
f y
1 2 5
y= x +2
2
4
3
2
2
x
0
1
0 5x
d y −1
y = x2 − x + 1
6 −2
4 6 a 8 metres
2 b 2 seconds
c 6 metres
d just short of 4 seconds
−4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 x
−2 e 3 seconds
−4
−6
−8
y = −x + 4x + 1
2
−10
−12
Exercise 18.2
1 a x −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5
2
y =  __
x  −0.4 −0.5 −0.67 −1 −2 2 1 0.67 0.5 0.4
y
2.0
1.5
1.0 2
y=
x
0.5
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5x
−0.5
−1.0
−1.5
−2.0
b x −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5
xy = −1 0.2 0.25 0.33 0.5 1 −1 −0.5 −0.33 −0.25 −0.2
y
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5x
−0.2
−0.4
−0.6
−0.8 xy = −1
−1.0
c x −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5
4
y =  __
x  + 2 1.2 1 0.67 0 −2 6 4 3.33 3 2.8
y
7
6
5
4
4 y= x+2
3
2 y=2
1
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5x
−1
−2

d x −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5
9
y = −  __
x  − 3 −1.2 −0.75 0 1.5 6 −12 −7.5 −6 −5.25 −4.8

y
6
9
y =− −3 5
x
4
3
2
1
−8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
−1
−2
y = −3
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
−8
−9
−10
−11
−12
2 a y 1
3 y= x+1
2
y=1
1
−4 −2 0 2 4x
−1
b y
3 1
y =− +1
x
2
y=1
1
−4 −2 0 2 4x
−1
c y
4
2
2 y= x−1
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3x
−2
−4 y = −3
−6
−8
−10
3 a Length 1 2 3 4 6 8 12 24
Width 24 12 8 6 4 3 2 1
b y b i x = 1, x = 0
24
22 ii x = 3, x = −2
20 iii x = 4, x = −3
18 y
16 14 y = x2 − x − 6
13
Width (m)
14 12
12 11
10 10
9
8 8
6 7 (iii) y = 6
4 6
5
2 4
0 x
3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2
Length (m) 1 (ii) y = 0
x
0
−4 −2−1 1 2 3 4 5
c The curve represents all the possible −2
measurements for the rectangle with an −3
area of 24 m2 −4
−5 (i) y = –6
d approximately equal to 3.4 metres −6
−7
−8
Exercise 18.3 3 a & c
y
1 a x = 1, x = 3 12

b x = 0, x = 4
c x = 4.2, x = −0.2 10
2 a y
14 8
y = x2 − x − 6 y = 2x2 + x − 3
13
12
11 6
10
9
8
4 y = 2x + 1
7
6
5
4 2
3
2
1 x 0
−3 −2 −1 1 2x
0
−5−4−3−2−1 1 2 3 4 5
−2 2
−3
−4
−5 4
−6
−7
b x = 1 and x = −1.5 (answers within the
range of −1.5 to − 1.6 are acceptable)
d (1.7, 4.4) and (−1.2, −1.4) (1 dp)
e At the points of intersection, the two
equations are equal, so:
2x2 + x − 3 = 2x + 1
If you rearrange this equation, you get
2x2 − x − 4 = 0.
4 a & b 6 y = 3x − 5 and x2 + y2 = 5
y
12 Substituting x = 2 and y = 1 shows point of
intersection at (2, 1)
10 Substituting x = 1 and y = −2 shows point of
intersection at (1, −2)
y = x2 = 2x + 3
8
Exercise 18.5
6 1 a y
8 y = x3
6
4
4
2
2
−2 −1 0 1 2x
−2
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4x −4
−6
2 y = −2x + 5
−8
4
b y
8
c ±1.41 6
4
Exercise 18.4 2
1 a (1, −4) and (2, −5) −2 −1 0 1 2x

−2
b x = 1, y = −4 and x = 2, y = −5
−4
2 x = 1, y = 0 or x = 3.5, y = 1.25 −6
3 y −8 y = −x3
4
y = x2 + 4x + 3
c y
16
3 y = 2x3
14
y=x+2 12
2
−1.6 10
8
1
6
−2.6 4
−0.4
−4 −3 −2 −1 1x 2
−0.6
1 −2 −1 0 1 2x
−2
−4
x = −0.4, y = 1.6 and x = −2.6, y = −0.6
−6
4 a (−0.5, 3.25) and (6, 0) −8
b (−3, −8) and (2, −3) −10
c (−5, 4) and (−2, −2) −12
d (3, 4) and (4, 3) −14
−16
5 x = −2 or x = 1; y = −4 or y = 5, points of
intersection are (−2, −4) and (1, 5)
2 a
x −2.5 −2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6
y −36.875 −18 −4.625 4 8.625 10 8.875 6 2.125 −2 −5.62 −8 −6 10 46
b y 5 a & b i y
50 300
40 y = 3x
250
Number of organisms
30
20 200
10
x 150
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
−10 100
−20 50
−30 y = 12x + 1
x
−40
y = x3 − 5x2 + 10 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
−50 Time (hours)
c i x = −1.3, 1.8 or 4.5 b ii 12 per hour
ii x = 0 or 5 c i approximately equal to 3.4 hours
iii x = −1.6, 2.1 or 4.5 ii approximately equal to 42
3 a–d y
Exercise 18.6
y = 2−x y = 2x + 1
1 a approximately equal to −4
b approximately equal to 12
y = 2x
2 y
2 6
y = x2 − 2x − 5
4
1
2
x
−4 −2 0 2 4 6x
−1
−2
y = −2x
−4
−6
a i 4
ii −6
b x = 3.8, x = −1.8 (one decimal place)
4 y 3 y = 4x − 5
y = −2x3 + 2
2
x
0 1

1 a 3x2 b −4x 1 a
c 6 d −2
x −1 −0.5 0 0.5
e 6x f −x
g 6x2 + 4 h 15 − 12x x3 −1 −0.125 0 0.125
i 4x3 − 6x2 j 6x2 − 12x 2x −2 −1 0 1
9
k 6x − 10 l  ____
 _1  + 2 y = x3 − 2x 1 0.875 0 −0.875
4x  4  
2 a x = 1, x = −1 b x = 2
x 1 1.5 2 2.5
3 a (−1, 1) b y = −8x − 7
x3 1 3.375 8 15.625
4 y
2
2x 2 3 4 5
1.5
y = x3 − 2x −1 0.375 4 10.625
1
0.5 y
11
0 10
−1 −0.5 0.5 1
−0.5 9
−1 8
7
a (__
  1   , −1)(−  __
2 )
1  , 1 b y = 9x − 8
6
2
1   5
c Local max. = 1 at x = −  __
2 4
Local min. = −1 at x =  __ 1   3

2 2
5 a y 1
4 y = x3 − 3x3
0
3 −2 −1 1 2 3x
−1
2
−2
1
(0, 0) (3, 0)
b
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5x
−1
x −1 −0.5 0 0.5
−2
−3 x2 1 0.25 0 0.25
−4 1
(2, −4)  __
x  −1 −2 − 2
b y
1
4 y = 2 + x2 −  __
x   4 4.25 − 0.25
3 y = x(x − 1)(x + 1)
2
(−0.58, 0.38) 1 x 1 1.5 2 2.5
(−1, 0) (0, 0) (1, 0)
x2 1 2.25 4 6.25
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4x
−1 (0.58, −0.38)
−2   1  
__
x 1 0.67 0.5 0.4
−3
1
y = 2 + x2 −  __
−4 x  2 3.58 5.5 7.85
y 4 a y
10
9 y=x+2 6
8
4
7
6 2
5
x
4 −4 −2 2 4
3 −2
2
1 b y
0 4
−1 1 2 3x y =−
x 5
2 a y = −x2 + 1 b y = 2−x (−2, 2)
c   4  
y = __ x d xy = −6 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6
x
3 a A: y = x + 2 (2, −2)
−5
B: y = −2x + 10
8
C: y =  __
x   or xy = 8.
c y
b i x = 2, y = 4 and x = −4, y = −2
ii x = 1, y = 8 and x = 4, y = 2 8
y = 3x
c Substitute x and y coordinates of each 6
point of intersection into the original
4
equations:
2 (1, 3)
y = −2x + 10
(4, 2): (0, 1)
x
−2 −1 1 2
2 = −2(4) + 10
2 = −8 + 10 = 2
d y
LHS = RHS y = −x2 + 3
3
(1, 8):
8 = −2(1) + 10 2
8 = −2 + 10 = 8 1
LHS = RHS
x
8 −2 –√3 −1 1 √3 2
y =  __
x  , so xy = 8
−1
(4, 2):
4 × 2 = 8, so RHS = LHS y
5 a & b
4
(1, 8): y=x 2
1 × 8 = 8, so RHS = LHS
2
d y=0
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2x
−2
y = 2x = 1
−4
c x = 1 8 2x + 6
d It is the tangent to the curve at the 9 −3
point (1,1).
10 a y = 1 and gradient = 2
e 2
b y = −5 and gradient = 4
6 a (0, 1)
11 a local maxima – the maximum height of
Many possibilities, for example (
2)
b 1  
1,  __ the rocket
and (
4)
1   b (1.4, 12.8), maximum height reached is
2,  __
12.8 m after 1.4 s
c Decreasing because for larger x-values c minimum height, h is 0,
the y-values are decreasing and the graph maximum h is 12.8
slopes down to the right.
minimum time, t is 0,
d y = 2x
maximum t is 2.8
7 a y
dy
3
12 a  ___   = −6x 2 + 6x + 12
2 dx
y = 2x − 1 b (−1, −7) and (2, 20)
1
c (−1, −7) is a minimum, (2, 20) is a
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4x maximum
−1
−2 13 Differentiate and set equal to 0 to get
2
y= x−1 −3 t2 − 5t + 4 = 0, so t = 1 and t = 4 are the
turning points.
−4
t = 1 is a local maximum, t = 4 is a local
b x = 1 and x = −1 minimum, so substitute t = 1 into equation to
c 1.5 units get max level is 51.83 metres
Chapter 19
Exercise 19.1 g 2
1 a A B h Infinite number corresponding to the
number of diameters of the sphere
2 a 4 b
3 c 1
d infinite e
4 f
8
C D 3 a Shape A has a limited order of rotational
symmetry (order 4) about a vertical and
horizontal axis (order 2) because it has
vertices, it also has only five planes of
symmetry. Shapes B and C have an infinite
order of rotational symmetry about a
E F vertical axis and none about a horizontal
axis. This means they also have an infinite
number of vertical planes of symmetry
and no horizontal ones.
b Answers will vary, but can only involve
G H has no lines of shapes based on circles. For example:
symmetry
b A = 0, B = 3, C = 4, D = 4, E = 5, F = 2,
G = 2, H = 2
2 a 2, student’s diagram
b 2
3 Student’s own diagrams but as an example:

Exercise 19.3
1 a 7.75 cm b 13.9 cm c 25.4 mm
2 a x = 25° b x = 160°, y = 20°
3 6.5 cm
4 a 49.07 cm b 177.72 cm

Exercise 19.4
Exercise 19.2 1 144°
1 a 3 2 a 15° (isosceles triangle)
b 4 b 150° (angles in a triangle)
c Infinite number corresponding to the
c 35° (angle MON = 80°, and triangle
number of diameters of the circle face
MNO in isosceles, so angle NMO =
(+1 parallel to the circular face)
angle MNO = 50°, so angle MNP = 35°)
d Infinite number correponding to the
d 105° (angle PON = 210° so angle
number of diameters of the circle face
PMN = 105° − half the angle at the
e 2 centre)
f 3 (all dimensions different), 5 (two
dimensions equal) or 9 (3 dimensions
equal)
3 a 55° (angles in same segment) 3 a true b true

b 110° (angle at centre twice angle at c false d true
circumference)
4 a x = (w + z) = 90° (angle in semicircle) so
c 25° (angle ABD = angle ACD, opposite AB // DC, z = 28° (alt) and and w = 62°
angles of intersecting lines AC and BD, (base angle isosceles triangle, alt), y = 62°
so third angle same) (angles in a triangle)
4 angle DAB = 65°, angle ADC = 115°, b x = 100° (reflex angle ADB = 200°, angle
angle DCB = 115°, angle CBA = 65° at circumference = half angle at centre)
5 35° c x = 29° (angle ADB is angle in a
semicircle so angle BDC = 90°,
6 59.5° then angles in a triangle)
7 a 22° b
116° c 42° d x = 120° (angle at centre), y = 30°
(base angle isosceles triangle)
8 a 56° b
68° c 52°
e angle QPR = 39° (alternate segment
9 a angle NDF = 40° (alternate segment theorem), therefore x = 180 − (39 + 66)
theorem) = 75° (angle sum of triangle)
b angle NEF = 40° (alternate segment f angle OTB = 90° (tangent and radius),
theorem) angle CTO = 60° (90° − 30°),
c angle DNF = 90° (angle in a semicircle), angle OCT = 60° (isosceles triangle),
so angle DFN = 180° − (90° + 40°) = 50° angle BCT = 120° (angles on straight
(angle sum of triangle) line), so x = 30° (angles in triangle)
g angle at circumference = 180° − 108°
Review exercise = 78°, so x = 156° (angle at centre)
1 a i 1 ii none h angle QLN = 78° (alternate angles),
so x = 78° (alternate segment)
b i 1 ii none
c i 4 ii four 5 a x = 7.5 cm, y = 19.5 cm
d i 8 ii eight b x = 277.3 mm, y = 250 mm
e i 1 ii none
2 a a hexagonal prism
b the axis of rotational symmetry
c 6
d 7
Chapter 20
Exercise 20.1 2 a 166 cm
1 y b Q1 = 156.5, Q3 = 176
1.0 c 19.5
Frequency density
d 12.5%
0.5
Review exercise
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 x 1 a Time (t) in minutes Frequency
Mass (in grams) 125 < t < 140 6
2 a Eight students 140 , t < 160 16
b 4 160 , t < 170 28
c P(,5 km) = 0.70 170 , t < 195 35
3 y Ages of internet cafe users 195 , t < 235 8
3.0
235 , t < 285 5
2.5
Frequency density
b Slowest is 285 minutes and fastest is 125

2.0
minutes.
1.5
c Approximately 50 runners
1.0
0.5 2 a Seconds Frequency
0 1 < t < 21 8
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 x
Age (years) 21 , t < 31 10
4 a 300 b
240 c 100 31 , t < 41 9
41 , t < 46 3
Exercise 20.2 b 21 < t , 31
1 a y
150 c Frequency
140 Seconds Frequency
density
130
P80 1 < t , 21 8 0.4
120 Q3
110 21 , t < 31 10 1
Number of students
100 P60
90
31 , t < 41 9 0.9
80 Q2 41 , t < 46 3 0.6
70
60 Histogram to show how long Sandra’s
50 y classmates can hold their breath
40 Q1
1.0
Frequency density
30
0.8
20
10 0.6
x
0 0.4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percentage 0.2
0
b Median = 57%, Q1 = 49% and Q3 = 65% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 x
c IQR = 16 Time (seconds)
d 91%
e 60% of students scored 59 or less;
80% of the students scored 67 or less.
3 a
Mass 0,m,3 3 < m , 3.5 3.5 < m , 4 4 < m , 4.5 4.5 < m , 6
Cumulative
8 57 92 99 100
frequency
b y
100
90
80
70
Cumulative frequency
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6x
Mass of baby (kg)
c i 3.4 kg ii 3.7 kg
iii 0.5 kg iv 43
v 3.8 kg
4 a 6.5 cm
b Cumulative frequency of plant heights
y
30
20
Cumulative
frequency
Q3
10
Q2
Q1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x
Height (cm)
median height = 6.8 cm

c IQR = 8.3 − 4.7 = 3.6
d 13.33%
5 Swimming time Frequency

(x minutes) density
0 , x < 10 3
10 , x < 15 9
15 , x < 25 4.1
25 , x < 30 6.6
30 , x < 40 2.5
Histogram to show the distribution of swimming times

y
10
Frequency density
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 x
Time (minutes)
Chapter 21
Exercise 21.1 10 a 280 cm2
1 a 3 : 4 b 6 : 1 b 1120 cm2
c 7 : 8 d 1 : 5 c 4 : 1
e 1 : 4 f 31 : 50 : 45
2 a x = 9 b x=4 Exercise 21.3
c x = 16 d x=3 1 25.64 litres (2 d.p.)
e x = 4 f x = 1.14 2 11.5 kilometres per litre
g x = 1.875 h x = 2.67
3 a 78.4 km/h
i x = 7 j x = 13.33
b 520 km/h
k x = 6, y = 30 l x = 3, y = 24
c 240 km/h (or 4 km/minute)
3 60 cm and 100 cm
4 a 5 h b
9 h 28 min
4 a 20 ml oil and 30 ml vinegar c 40 h d
4.29 min
b 240 ml oil and 360 ml vinegar
5 a 150 km b
300 km
c 300 ml oil and 450 ml vinegar
c 3.75 km d
18 km
5 60°, 30° and 90°
6 167 seconds or 2.78 minutes
6 810 mg
7 15.658 g/cm3 (three d.p.)
Exercise 21.2 8 60 000 N/m2
1 a 1 : 2.25 b 1 : 3.25 c 1 : 1.8

Exercise 21.4
2 a 1.5 : 1 b 5 : 1 c 5 : 1
1 a i 100 km
3 240 km
ii 200 km
4 30 metres iii 300 km
5 a 5 cm b 3.5 cm b 100 km/h c vehicle stopped
6 1 cm : 90 km d 250 km e 125 km/h
7 a A is 8 mm 2 a 2 hours
B is 16 mm b 190 min = 3 h 10 min
C is 21 mm c 120 km/h
b A is 6 metres (6000 mm acceptable) d i 120 km

B is 12 metres (12 000 mm acceptable) ii 80 km
C is 15.75 metres (15 750 mm acceptable) e 48 km/h
f 40 min
8 a 4 : 1
g 50 min
b 14.8 cm
h 53.3 − 48 = 5.3 km/h
c 120 mm or 12 cm
i Pam 12 noon, Dabilo 11.30 a.m.
9 a 3.5 : 1 = 7 : 2
b 2.14 cm
3 a i 40 km/h Exercise 21.6

ii 120 km/h
1 a i y ∝ x 2 ii y = kx2
b 3.5 min
  12   
k
c 1200 km/h2 b i y ∝ ___ ii y =  ___2   
x  x 
d 6 km
c i m ∝ T ii m = kT
4 a 0−30 s, 0.83 m/s2 b after 70 s, 0.5 m/s2 1     k
d i A ∝  ___ ii A = ___     
c 90 km/h d 2 km M M
5 a Speed changes from 0 m/s to 3.5 m/s over 1   
e i y ∝  ___
k
ii y =  ___3   
a period of 10 seconds. x 3 x 
b 17.5 metres 2 a k = 7 b a = 84
c 0.35 m/s2 m
3 Ratio of m to T is constant,  __  = 0.4587,
T
6 a y so m varies directly with T
5
4 4 a F = 40 b m = 4.5
Velocity (m/s)
3 4  
5 a = 2, b = 8, c =  __
2 3
1 6 a y = 2 b x = 0.5
0 7 a y = 2x2 b y = 1250
0 10 20 30 40 50 x
c x = 9
Time (s) __
8 a y√ x  = 80
b 0.33 m/s
b y=8
c approximately equal to 17 metres
c x = 15.49
Exercise 21.5 7
9 a b = 40 b a = 17  __  
9
1 a Yes, __   1    
  A   = ____ 10 a y = 2.5 b x = 2
B 150
8 11 a xy = 18 for all cases, so relationship is
b No,  ___    is not = __  1   inversely proportional
15 2
18
A  = ___ 10 b xy = 18 or y =  ___  
c Yes,  __      x
B 1 c y = 36
2 a $175 b $250
12 8192
3 $12.50
4 60 metres Review exercise
5 a 75 km b 375 km 1 a 90 mm, 150 mm and 120 mm
c 3 h 20 min b Yes, (150)2 = (90)2 + (120)2
6 a 15 litres b
540 km 2 1 : 50
7 a inversely proportional 3 x = 6 or x = −6
b i 2 __  1   days 4 a i 85 km ii 382.5 km iii 21.25 km

2 b i 0.35 h ii 4.7 h iii 1.18 h
1
__
ii      day
2 5 a 150 km
8 a 12 days b 5 days b after two hours; stopped for one hour
9 5 h 30 min c 100 km/h
d 100 km/h
10 1200 km/h
e 500 km
6 a 20 seconds b 2 m/s2
c 200 metres d 100 metres
7 4.5 min
8 187.5 g
  13   , so y = ___

k k
9 y ∝ ___   3   and 1728 = ___   3  ,  so k = 1728
x  x  1 
1728
Substitute x = 4 into y = _____   3   to give
x 
1728 _____ 1728
y = _____
  3    =      = 27
4  64
k
10 a P =  __ v   or PV = k
b P = 80
11 a F = 0.02125 v2 b 200 m/s
Chapter 22 _
b l = g(___
  T   ) 
√
 y − 2   2
Exercise 22.1 3 a x =   ______
   
 
3 2π
1 a x − 4 b P = 4x − 8 V
I =  __  
4 a b 20 amps
c A = x − 4x
2
R
5x + 2 __
2 a S = 5x + 2 b M =  ______
   
3 5 a √
  A
r =  __ π    (note, radius cannot be negative)
3 a x + 2 b x − 3 b r = 5.64 mm
c S = 3x − 1 9
F =  __   C + 32
6 a b 80.6 °F
4 80 silver cars, 8 red cars 5
c 323 K
5 father = 35, mother = 33 and Nadira = 10
6 X cost 90c, Y cost $1.80 and Z cost 30c Exercise 22.3
7 9 years 1 a 11 b −1
8 97 tickets c 5 d 2m + 5
9 x + y = 112 and x − y = 22 2 a i 17 ii 53 iii 113
x = 67 and y = 45 b f(2) + f(4) = 17 + 53 = 70 ≠ f(6) which
10 x + (x − 5) = 30, so 2x = 35 is = 113
Length = 17.5 metres and width = 12.5 metres c i 3a2 + 5
11 x = 13 and y = 2 ii 3b2 + 5
iii 3(a + b)2 + 5
12 6 and 8
d a = ±3
13 −9, −8 or 8, 9
3 a h(1) = ±2 b h(−4) = ±3
14 17 cm (x = 8, x cannot be 0 as it’s the length of
a side) 4 a 4(x − 5) b 4x − 5
15 0.98 metres 5 18
16 b2 + 25b = 2000. Using the quadratic formula, 6 a f−1(x) = x − 4

b = 339 or −589, but as this is a length, b f−1(x) = x + 9
−589 is an impossible answer, so the width is x
339 mm. c f−1(x) = __
    
5
d f−1(x) = −2x
Exercise 22.2 x x − 3
a  __   − 3
7 b  ____ 
    c 2(x + 3)
2ab − P S − πr 2 2 2
h = ________
1 a     
  b h =  _______
πr 
 
 
2a d 2x + 3 e 2x + 3 f 2(x + 3)
  1   mv  2
E − __ 8 a x
x+1
b  _____ 
9
 __  
  c
2y 2
h =  _____
c       d h =  __________
mg 
 
  x−1 7
1−y _
9 a
3√
 x +1   
+1
a 2m _
b =  ______
2 a      b n =  ______
    1 ± √ 5  
1 − 2a 1−m b x = ______
     
 
3p 2
q =  _____
c       d a = 2x − 3y
p−1
6n + 1 a 2
m =  ______
e    
  f y = _____
 
    
5 a−b
c g−1(x) = x2−1 5 a (2x + 1)(x − 3) = 60

y 2x2 − 6x + x − 3 = 60
c y = x2 −1 2x2 − 5x − 63 = 0
b Sides are 4 metres and 15 metres.
d y = x + 1 for x > −1 6 Solve simultaneously: 3a + 2 = 2b − a and
2b − a = b + 3. Side length are 8 cm (a = 2
and b = 5), so perimeter = 24 cm.
7 4.00 p.m.
1
8 80 km
_
0 x b = ± √
9 a  a 2 + 2ac  

−1 1
9a − 26
−1 b b =  ______    
 
8
a 2 − 4
c b = _____
     
 
d Note that the curves are symmetrical 17
about y = x when 10 a 2.07 b 2.43
x > 0 for y = x2 − 1 11 15
_____
and x > − 1 for y = √ x
  + 1  
. 12 96 km
10 a x = −2 and x = −6 13 a Domain: {x: x is a real number}
b x . 1 and x , −1 Range: { y: y is a real number}
c −3 < x < 3 b Domain: {x: x . 0 and x is a real number}
d −2 , x , 3 Range: { y , 4 and y is a real number}
e −4 , x , 1.5 c Domain: {x: x is a real number}
f all values can be included Range: { y: y is a real number and y ≠ 0}
5x + 3
11 a a = 35, b = 80, c = 75 and d = 160 14 f−1(x) = _____
     
 
5 2
b f −1(x) = __
    x x − 4
8 15 a f−1(x) = ____         b 3
3
Review exercise c a = 6 d 9x + 16
e 37
1 Four years
5
2 Sindi puts in $40, Jonas $20 and Mo $70 16 a i  __   ii −5 iii
1
3
3 44 children b x = −3
4 kiwi fruit = 40c and plum = 15c
Chapter 23
Exercise 23.1 5
10
y
1 A' B' 8 A
B C D 6
(a) B''
4
C''
2
A D' C'
D D'' C'' x
−10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 10
−2
(b) C
−4
B
−6
A'' B'' A''
D''
−8
2 y −10
10
A' 9
6 A: centre (0, 2), scale factor 2
B: centre (2, 0), scale factor 2
8
A a
I'' J'' C: centre (−4, −7), scale factor 2
6
 1  
c ii
B' C'4 H''
D: centre (9, −5), scale factor __
K'' 4
2 I' J' 7 a i
B C F'
G' b c i x
−10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6K' 8
D' E' −2 H
I
A'
D E −4
K
−6 J
A
G F −8
3 y
X
8
A
P' 6 P
B
4 ii
b i Q' Q
C S' 2 S
A
P'' R' R x
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 A''
–2 A'
b ii Q'' X
S'' –4 a B'
R''
–6
C'
–8
4 A: y = 5
B: x = 0
C: y = −1.5
D: x = −6
b i Exercise 23.2
1 a y
B'
A' A
7
6
B
5
4
X 3
B' C' C B
2
1
ii x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
B
–2
B'' B'' C'' –3
X –4
–5
–6
c i
A'' –7
C'
b rotation 180° about (0, 0) or enlargement
scale factor −1, using (0, 0) as centre
C
2 a
y
10
X
8
ii
C 6
C B
C'' 4
A
2
X
x
−4 −2 0 2 4 6 8
d i b enlargement scale factor 2, using (8, −1)
as centre
3 a y
10
D' D
X
8
F'
A B
4
ii
2
X
D'' D
D C x
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
b rotation 180° about (4, 5)
4 a Scale factor 3, centre of enlargement 2 a B

(−4, 1).
b   1  , centre of enlargement
Scale factor − __
(−1, 1). 2 A
1   , centre of enlargement
c Scale factor −  __ b D
(1, 2). 2
5 y
6
C
4
C' c F
2
−8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 x
A' A' −2 B B'
E
C
−4
d
6 y G
5
4
H
3
3 A (8  ) B (2  ) C (  4  )
S'
P Q
R' 2 1 3 −3
1 D (−3
 )
E (9  )
−3 3
Q' P'
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x (−8
4 a   )
b (2  ) c (  0  )
−1 R 16 6 12
(−1
d   )
e (−2
  )
f (−1
  )

−2 S 7 1 4
−3 (−4
g   )
h (−8
  )
i (  0  )

18 22 −20
(  10  )
j
Exercise 23.3 −16
1 a i  AB   = (
5  )  BC  = (
4 )
⟶ ⟶
ii  
0 0
iii  AE   = (
  0  ) iv  BD  = (  )
⟶ ⟶
−1
−6 −6
v  DB   = ( 1  ) vi  EC  = ( 9 )

⟶ ⟶
 
6 6
vii  CD  = (  ) viii  BE  = (  )

⟶ ⟶
−5 −5
−6 −6
b they are equal
(9  )
c
0
d (−5
 )
−6
e Yes
5 a −a b 2b c −a + c Review exercise
d 2c e 2b f 2c
1 a i reflect in the line x = −1
g b h −c i −7a + 7c
ii rotate 90° clockwise about the origin
b
__
j      + 3c iii reflect in the line y = −1
2
6 a–e student’s own diagrams b i rotate 90° anti-clockwise about (0, 0)
7 a 6.40 cm b 7.28 cm then translate (  )
−2
−1
c 15 cm d 17.69 cm
ii reflect in the line y = −1 then
translate (−8   )
8 a 5.10 b
5

c 8.06 d 9.22 0
9 a A(−6, 2), B (−2, −4), C (5, 1) iii rotate 180° about origin then
translate (6  )
b  AB = (   4  )
⟶
0
−6
iv reflect in the line x = 0 ( y−axis) then
 BC = ( 7  )
⟶
5 translate (  0  )

 CA = (
1 )
⟶ −2
−11
    y
⟶ 2 a & b 5
10  XZ  = x + y 4 D'
⟶ 3 G'
 ZX = −x − y 2
⟶ __
   =   x   + y
MZ 1 E'
F' x
2
−5 −4 −3 −2 −10 1 2 3 4 5
11 a i x = (2  ) −2 G F
7
−3
y = (  )
−3 G'' F''
ii −4 D E
−3 −5
z = (  10 )
−6
iii −7
−4
D'' E''
b i 7.28
ii 4.24 3
y
iii 21.5 10
d
⟶
12 a i  XY   = b − a B''' 8
B'''
⟶ 1
ii  AD   = __      (a + b) B' A''' B
2 c A'''' 6
⟶
iii  BC  = 2(b − a) 4
a A' C''' C''''
⟶ ⟶ C
b  XY   = b − a and, BC     = 2(b − a) so they D'''
2 A''
C'
are both multiples of (b − a), and hence D''''
x
⟶ ⟶
parallel, and  XY   is half BC      −10 −8 −6 D'−4 −2 D'' 2 4 6 8 10
⟶ −2 b B''
13 a   MN   = 4a + 6b
⟶ −4
b   MP  = (2a + 3b) × 7 = 14a + 21b C''
⟶ 3 3 ⟶ __ 3
14 a   AD  = − __      a + __
     b; OD 
   =   1   a + __     b a B9(−6, 6) b B0(6, −2)
2 4 2 4 c B09(−1, 8) d
B00(3, 9)
⟶
b   OB   = 2a + 3b
⟶ 1 ⟶ ⟶
 OD   = __      ( 2a + 3b)= __   1    OB ,  so OD 
   is
4 4
⟶
parallel to OB    ,  point O is common and
the points must be on a line.
15 28.3 (1 d.p.)
4 iii
y
5
F'
4 a−b
a b
E' G'
3
D'
2
D
1
iv
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x
G −1 E
a b
−2
−3
F
−4
5 a (11, 5) (8, 4) (9, 8)

b (3, −2) (2, 1) (6, 0)
c (−3, −6) (−2, −3) (−6, −4)
6 a i (  6  ) ii (  0  )

12 −8
(  1  ) (12   )
2a + 3b
iii iv
10 0
⟶
b i 7 a i  ED   = y
⟶
ii  DE   = −y
⟶
iii  FB   = x + y
a 2a ⟶
iv  EF   = x − y
⟶
v  FD   = 2y − x
b 4. 47
8 a 26.4 b 3.0
c 14.9 d 11.1
⟶
9 a i    = −a + b
AF 
ii
⟶
ii   OE  = −a + b
c
b ⟶ ⟶ ⟶ ⟶
b   AD  = AO     = −2a, BC 
 + OD 
     = −a,
⟶ ⟶
so   AD  = 2 BC  
b+c
⟶
10 a
  OQ  = 2a − 6b
⟶
b   AB  = 2b + a − 3b = a − b
⟶
  BR   = a − 3b + 2a = 3a − 3b
⟶ ⟶ ⟶ ⟶
So,   BR  = 3 AB ,  so BR     and AB 
   are
parallel and they have a common point B,
so ABR is a straight line and the points
are collinear.
Chapter 24
Exercise 24.1 2 a 1
2
H
1 H
1 Card Coin 2 1
2 T
H 1
H 1 1 2
H
R
T 2 2 T
1
H 2 T
Y 1
T 2
H
H 1 1 H
G 2 2 1
T
T T
2
H 1 H
B 1 2
T 2 T
1
2 T
2 G 1   1   1  

1
H
b  __ c  __ d  __
8 2 2
A
2
B e 0, not possible on three coin tosses
C
3 3 0.82 C 0.246
D
E
4 A
F
0.3 0.18 D 0.054
3 a & b 7
11 Green
2 C 0.245
3
Green 0.35
0.7
4 Yellow
11 B
8
11 Green 0.65
1 D 0.455
3 Yellow
3 Yellow
11 4 a First fruit Second fruit
4 P
4 0.05 Walk 15 7
5 15
Rain 16 Plum M
0.4 0.95 Bus
4
15
B
Walk 1 P
0.9 3
0.6 7 6
Not Rain 16
Mango 15
M
0.1 Bus 4
15 B
P
Exercise 24.2 1
1
3 7
4 Banana 15
M
1 a 1 H 1
1 2 5
2 Blue B
1
2 T 1
H
2
1 1 H 1 1    
b  ___
2 T
3
Yellow 2
1 12
1 2 H
2 T
1 1 T
1 2 H 2
6 Black
1
2 T
1   1      5
b  __ c  ___ d  ___    
4 12 12
5 2   c  __ 2   d

Exercise 24.3 2 a  __   b  __   1  
__
9 9 5 3
1 1      2      1      1    
Even M3 3 a  ___ b  ___ c  ___ d  ___
15 15 45 30
7 8 3
e  ___      f  ___      g  ___    
15 15 10
6 5 28 40 40
2, 4, 8, 10 12 3, 9 4 a  ___      b  ____     c  ____     d  ____   
17 153 153 153
e The four situations represent all the
1, 5, 7, 11
possible outcomes, so they must add up to
one.
1  
a  __ 2  
b  __ c   1  
__   1  
d __ 3 3
2 3 6 3 5 a  __   b __
    
7 5
2 a 6 0.1 Fail
W G A
0.8 0.9 Don’t fail
5 1 3
0.2 0.15 Fail
B
0.85 Don’t fail
11
3
P(B given it failed test) = ___
      
11
  4  
b i __ 1  
ii  __ 11  
iii  ___
5 4 20 5  
 __
7
8
3 a
Science Museum London Eye 8 a
Train Bus
130
10 45% 10% 15%

20 30
20
30%
30 Madame Tussauds 2    2  

b  ___    __
c
11 5
b 130 c 0 d 160
9 a 0.2 b   2  
__
30
e Yes, ____   1  However, this is a small
     = __ 7
240 8 10 a 0.56 b 0.35
sample for a busy city like London and
the answer can only apply to this group
and not to tourists as a whole.
Exercise 24.4
66
1 a  ____   = 0.413
160
19
b  ___  = 0.288
66
51
___
c     = 0.543
94
1      4      9
Review exercise 3 a  ___ b  ___ c  ___    
52 13 13
1 a & b 1 H 5 1    
2 1
H 4 a  __   b  ___
1
2 8 12
1 2 T 1
T
1
6
2
1
H
5 a
1 H 2
2 P F
1 T
1 2
1 2 2 T
6
1 H 1
2 1
H 11 6
1 2
6 3 1 1
T 3
2 T 2 1 0
1
1 1 2 H
6 2 H
4 1 T 4
1 2
2 T
1
6
1 H
5 2 1
H M 4
1 2
6 1
1
2 T T
8
  2     
2
1
2 H b i ___ ii  ___    
6 1 H 15 15
2 1 T
iii   2    3  
2 ___
1
T   iv  __
2 15 8
1   1     1  
6 a  __ b __   1  
c  __ d  ___
8 12 6 4
2 a & b 10c   1  
__
7
5 3
1
5c 5 =1
6
2
7
5c
5 10c
6
5 10c
7
5 1    
c  __   d  ___
7 21
e 1 (there are no 5c coins left)

Igcse Maths 3ed Extended Practice Book Answers

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Igcse Maths 3ed Extended Practice Book Answers

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CAMBRIDGE IGCSE™ MATHEMATICS: EXTENDED PRACTICE BOOK

Exercise 1.3 Exercise 1.5

Exercise 2.2 e −2x2 + 6x f 3x + 1

​x​​ 8​ ​x​​ 5​ 2 ​​

3 a x = 69° b x = 64° Exercise 3.5

2 grade, height, shoe size, mass, number of 3 8

Exercise 4.3 Hot porridge Grade 11

d No. of children in family 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Exercise 5.2 Exercise 5.3

8 28 595 tickets 4 a 1.2 × 1031 b 4.5 × 1011

2 a 384 cm2 b 8 cm 8 volume pyramid = 30 cm3

Review exercise 4 a Josh

1 a 10 000 $1 $1 $1 50c 50c $5 20c 20c

4 a no b yes c yes 11 a AD: y = x + 3, AB: y = −x + 3,

14 Write the formula with (4, 6) as one of the k (x + 5)(x − 2) l (x + 4)(x − 8)

Review exercise b Caroline’s distance at 7 km/h

10 a triangle ABC is congruent to triangle HGI 560 mm

b triangle ABC is congruent to triangle 420 mm

Exercise 12.2 2 Data set A B C

Exercise 12.5 3 C – although B’s mean is bigger it has a larger

Nadira 8.17 a.m. 5.30 p.m. ​​ 1 ​​ hour

2 6 h 25 min Exercise 13.4

Upper Lower 3 a 9 kg b 45 kg

6 a 3.605 cm to 3.615 cm 9 a conversion graph showing litres against

Exercise 14.7 e x , −7

3 a 0.743 b 0.978 c 2.605 Exercise 15.6

10 1.14 metres 7 AB = DC = 19.8 m, AD = BC = 7.7m

11 4.86 metres 8 139 metres

Exercise 15.8 3 a 150° b

1 a 5.85 cm2 b 18.21 cm2 4 a x = 30° or x = 150°

Review exercise base of lookout 5m swimmer shark

11 a 160 mg (50% of original amount) 13 161

1 a (1, −4) and (2, −5) −2 −1 0 1 2x

Exercise 18.7 Review exercise

Local min. = −1 at x = ​​ __ 1 ​​ 3

3 a 55° (angles in same segment) 3 a true b true

b Slowest is 285 minutes and fastest is 125

median height = 6.8 cm

5 Swimming time Frequency

Histogram to show the distribution of swimming times

Exercise 21.2 8 60 000 N/m2

1 a 1 : 2.25 b 1 : 3.25 c 1 : 1.8

b A is 6 metres (6000 mm acceptable) d i 120 km

3 a i 40 km/h Exercise 21.6

b i ​2 __​ 1 ​ ​ days 4 a i 85 km ii 382.5 km iii 21.25 km

​​ 13 ​ ​, so ​y = ___

16 b2 + 25b = 2000. Using the quadratic formula, 6 a f−1(x) = x − 4

c g−1(x) = x2−1 5 a (2x + 1)(x − 3) = 60

b rotation 180° about (4, 5)

4 a Scale factor 3, centre of enlargement 2 a B

v ​​ DB ​​ = ( ​ 1​ ​ )​ vi ​​ EC ​​ = ( ​ 9​ )

vii ​​ CD ​​ = ( ​ ) viii ​​ BE ​​ = ( ​ )

5 a (11, 5) (8, 4) (9, 8)

6 a i ​(​ 6​ ​)​​ ii ​(​ 0 ​ )​ ​

2 G 1 ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ 1 ​ ​

5 2 ​ ​ c ​​ __ 2 ​ ​ d

10 45% 10% 15%

30 Madame Tussauds 2 ​​ 2 ​​

You might also like

x 8 x 5 2  

Nadira 8.17 a.m. 5.30 p.m.   1   hour

Local min. = −1 at x =  __ 1   3

b i 2 __  1   days 4 a i 85 km ii 382.5 km iii 21.25 km

  13   , so y = ___

v  DB   = ( 1  ) vi  EC  = ( 9 )

vii  CD  = (  ) viii  BE  = (  )

6 a i (  6  ) ii (  0  )

2 G 1   1   1  

5 2   c  __ 2   d

30 Madame Tussauds 2    2  