Ministry of health:

Health technical institute – Ismaili:

General Nursing:

Second Year:

Presentation about:

"Pneumonia”

Presented By:

1- Hassan Mohamed.
2- Khaled Abo El Magd.

Presented To:

D.r: Nadra Mohamed Ibrahim.

Outline:

 Introduction:
 Definition of Pneumonia:

 Types of Pneumonia:

 Risk factors of Pneumonia:

 Causes of Pneumonia:

 Diagnosis of Pneumonia:

 Symptoms of Pneumonia:

 Prevention of pneumonia:

 Complications of Pneumonia:

 Nursing Management:

 Summary:
 Reference:
Introduction:

Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be mild or

so severe that you have to go to the hospital.
It is characterized primarily by inflammation of
the alveoli in the lungs . At times a very serious
condition , pneumonia can make a person very
sick or even cause death . Although the disease
can occur in young and healthy people , it is most
dangerous for older adults , babies , and people
with other diseases or impaired immune systems.
It is the leading cause of death in children younger
than 5 years of age worldwide .
Definition:

Pneumonia is an inflammatory process of the lung

parenchyma that is commonly caused by
infectious agents .
Types of Pneumonia:

1- Hospital-acquired pneumonia.

2- Community-acquired pneumonia.

3- Bacterial Pneumonia.

4- Viral Pneumonia.

5- Fungal Pneumonia.

Risk factors of Pneumonia:

1- Babies and very young children.

2- Elderly people.
 3- People with other health conditions, such
as  asthma,  cystic fibrosis, or a heart, kidney
or liver condition.

4- People with a weakened immune system 

such as “ flu, HIV or AIDS”.

Causes of Pneumonia:

Bacteria Types:

1- Streptococcus pneumonia.
 2- Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

3- Haemophilus influenza.

Viruses Types:

1- Influenza viruses.

2- Adenovirus.

3- Rhinovirus.

4- Human parainfluenza viruses.

5- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Diagnosis of Pneumonia:

- Urine tests.
- Blood tests  .

- Sputum test.

- Pulse oximetry.

- CT scan.

- Bronchoscopy.

- Chest X-ray.

- Arterial blood gas test.

Symptoms of Pneumonia:

- Rapid or difficult breathing.

- Cough.
 - Fever.

- Chills.

- Loss of appetite.

- Wheezing (more common in viral infections).

- Nasal congestion.

- Breathing with grunting or wheezing sounds.

- Chest pain.

- Vomiting, Nausea and Diarrhea.

- Abdominal pain.

- Decreased activity.

Prevention of pneumonia:

1- Vaccination: “Influenza‚ pertussis‚ Chicken pox‚ Measles”

2- Hand washing:
 3- Avoid Smoking:

4- Practice good Health habits:

Complications of Pneumonia:

1-Respiratory failure.
2-Lung abscesses.
3-emphysema.
4-meningitis.
5-Pulmonary edema.
6-Pleural effusions.

Nursing Management:

 Medical Treatment:

1- If you have bacterial pneumonia, you’ll get

antibiotics. Make sure you take all of the
 medicine your doctor gives you, even if you
start to feel better.

2- If you have viral pneumonia, antibiotics

won’t help. You’ll need to rest, drink a lot
of fluids, and take medicines for your fever.

 Nursing Assessments:

ABGs‚ vital signs.

1-look for: Changes in respiratory rate or depth.
New or change in coughing pattern.
Changes in quality or quantity of
sputum.

2-listen for:
- Crackles. - Snoring sound.

3-feel for:
- Chest wall vibrations created when the patient
speaks a repetitive phrase.
 Nursing Diagnosis:
1-A Cute pain. 2- Malnutrition.

3- Hyperthermia. 4- Suffocation.

5-Fluid deficiency.
  Nursing Interventions:

1- Monitor respiratory status every 2 hours.

2- Give oxygen therapy according to physician

prescription.

3- Help patients cough up secretions ‚ suctioning.

4- Give a comfortable position that allows the Patient

to breathe.

5- Monitor blood gas analysis to assess respiratory

status.

6- Give fluid intake.

7- Provide sputum for culture ‚ sensitivity test.

8- Record of intake and output.

9- Monitor fluid balance in the mucous membranes,

skin turgor, rapid pulse, decreased consciousness,
and vital signs.

10- Perform oral hygiene.

Summary:
 Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs. It
can be mild or serious.

 The illness can be caused by bacteria,

viruses, and fungi.

 Some common symptoms include fever,

cough, tiredness (fatigue), and chest pain.

 Treatment depends on the cause of the

pneumonia.

 Some types of pneumonia can be

prevented with a vaccine. Good hand
washing and hygiene can also help.
Reference:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/ar/diseases-conditions/
pneumonitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352623

https://www.mayoclinic.org/ar/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/
diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354210

https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA
%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8_
%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A9

https://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-
lookup/pneumonia/preventing-pneumonia.html

https://www.google.com/search?
q=complications+of+pneumonia&oq=complications+of+pneumoni
a&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l3.30896j0j7&client=ms-android-
xiaomi&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8

https://nurseslabs.com/8-pneumonia-nursing-care-plans/#acute-
pain