Theoretical philosophy

Logic
Main article: Term logic
Further information: Non-Aristotelian logic
With the Prior Analytics, Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, [23] and his
conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th-century advances
in mathematical logic.[24] Kant stated in the Critique of Pure Reason that with Aristotle logic
reached its completion.[25]
Organon
Main article: Organon
One of Aristotle's types of syllogism[C]

In
In words In equations[E]
terms[D]

    All men are mortal. MaP

    All Greeks are men. SaM

∴ All Greeks are mortal. S a P

What is today called Aristotelian logic with its types of syllogism (methods of logical argument),

[26]
 Aristotle himself would have labelled "analytics". The term "logic" he reserved to
mean dialectics. Most of Aristotle's work is probably not in its original form, because it was most
likely edited by students and later lecturers. The logical works of Aristotle were compiled into a
set of six books called the Organon around 40 BC by Andronicus of Rhodes or others among his
followers.[28] The books are:

1. Categories
2. On Interpretation
3. Prior Analytics
4. Posterior Analytics
5. Topics
6. On Sophistical Refutations
 Plato (left) and Aristotle in Raphael's 1509 fresco, The School of
Athens. Aristotle holds his Nicomachean Ethics and gestures to the earth, representing his
view in immanent realism, whilst Plato gestures to the heavens, indicating his Theory of
Forms, and holds his Timaeus. [29][30]

The order of the books (or the teachings from which they are composed) is not certain, but this
list was derived from analysis of Aristotle's writings. It goes from the basics, the analysis of
simple terms in the Categories, the analysis of propositions and their elementary relations in On
Interpretation, to the study of more complex forms, namely, syllogisms (in the Analytics)[31][32] and
dialectics (in the Topics and Sophistical Refutations). The first three treatises form the core of the
logical theory stricto sensu: the grammar of the language of logic and the correct rules of
reasoning. The Rhetoric is not conventionally included, but it states that it relies on the Topics.[33]