Seeleys Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition VanPutte Test Bank 1

Chapter 06 - Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue
Seeleys Anatomy and Physiology 10th

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Chapter 06
Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Important functions of the skeletal system include

A. protection of the brain and soft organs.
B. storage of water.
C. production of Vitamin E.
D. regulation of acid-base balance.
E. integration of other systems.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

HAPS Objective: F01.01 Describe the major functions of the skeletal system.
Learning Outcome: 6.1B. Explain the functions of the skeletal system.
Section: 06.01
Topic: Skeletal System
6-1
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2. A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a(n)

A. aponeurosis.
B. ligament.
C. bursa.
D. epimysium.
E. tendon.

HAPS Objective: F02.03 Identify the types of cartilage tissues found in the skeletal system
and explain the functions of each.
Learning Outcome: 06.01A. List the components of the skeletal system.
Section: 06.01
6-2
3. Ligaments attach
A. muscle to muscle.
B. bone to bone.
C. muscle to bone.
D. nerve to bone.
E. nerve to muscle.

Learning Outcome: 06.01A. List the components of the skeletal system.
Section: 06.01
4. Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

A. support
B. movement
C. immunity
D. calcium storage
E. blood cell formation
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

HAPS Objective: F01.01 Describe the major functions of the skeletal system.
Learning Outcome: 6.1B. Explain the functions of the skeletal system.
Section: 06.01
6-3
5. Chondroblasts produce
A. ligaments.
B. cartilage matrix.
C. bone tissue.
D. blood cells.
E. synovial fluid.

Learning Outcome: 06.02A. Relate the importance of cartilage to the structure of the skeletal
system.
Section: 06.02
6. The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is

A. elastic cartilage.
B. fibrocartilage.
C. hyaline cartilage.
D. interstitial cartilage.
E. osteocartilage.

Learning Outcome: 06.02B. Describe the structure of hyaline cartilage.
Section: 06.02
6-4
7. The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the

A. matrix.
B. chondrocyte.
C. ligamentous cord.
D. lacuna.
E. perichondrium.

Section: 06.02
8. Cartilage
A. is composed of osteons.
B. is surrounded by a membrane called the periosteum.
C. contains chondrocytes located in lacunae.
D. does not need nutrients and oxygen so it has no blood vessels.
E. is well vascularized.

Section: 06.02
6-5
9. A connective tissue sheath around cartilage is the

A. endosteum.
B. perichondrium.
C. periosteum.
D. epiphyseal line.
E. ligament.

Section: 06.02
10. Proteoglycan molecules in the matrix of cartilage

A. replace collagen fibers in the matrix.
B. give cartilage its resilient nature.
C. fill the lacunae.
D. make the perichondrium very stretchable.
E. make cartilage hard and compact.

Section: 06.02
6-6
11. Which of the following matrix molecules in cartilage tends to trap large quantities of
water?
A. collagen
B. proteoglycan
C. hyaluronic acid
D. elastin
E. chondrocytes

system.
Section: 06.02
12. In appositional growth of cartilage,

A. chondroblasts within the tissue proliferate and add more matrix from the inside.
B. new chondrocytes and new matrix are added on the outside of the tissue.
C. osteoblasts replace the chondroblasts.
D. the tissue becomes vascularized in order to grow.
E. the cartilage is replaced with another kind of connective tissue.

system.
Section: 06.02
6-7
13. Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of

A. bone matrix.
B. hyaline cartilage.
C. fibrous cartilage.
D. ligaments.
E. blood.

HAPS Objective: F02.01 List and describe the cellular and extracellular components of bone
tissue.
Learning Outcome: 06.03A. Describe the components of the extracellular matrix, and state
the function of each.
Section: 06.03
14. The compression (weight-bearing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of
A. elastin fibers.
B. collagenase.
C. hydroxyapatite crystals.
D. collagen fibers.
E. bone marrow.

tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-8
15. The proportion of collagen to hydroxyapatite in bone determines the

A. thickness of the bone.
B. length of the bone.
C. strength of the bone.
D. ability of the bone to heal.
E. growth rate of bone.

tissue.
Section: 06.03
16. The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the
A. osteoclast.
B. osteoblast.
C. chondrocyte.
D. osteocyte.
E. chondroblast.

tissue.
HAPS Objective: F04.01 Explain the roles osteogenic cells play in the formation of bone
tissue.
HAPS Objective: F05.01 Compare and contrast the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts
during bone growth, repair, and remodeling.
Learning Outcome: 06.03B. List each type of bone cell and give the function and origin of
each.
Section: 06.03
6-9
17. Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
A. chondroclast
B. osteoclast
C. chondroblast
D. fibroblast
E. osteocyte

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
18. What are the maintenance cells in bone tissue?

A. osteocytes
B. osteoblasts
C. osteoclasts
D. chondrocytes
E. osteochondral progenitor cells

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
6-10
19. The primary function of osteoblasts is to

A. prevent osteocytes from forming.
B. resorb bone along the epiphyseal plate.
C. inhibit the growth of bone.
D. stimulate bone growth.
E. lay down bone matrix.

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
20. Which of the following is correctly matched?

A. osteocytes - function in bone remodeling
B. osteoclasts - responsible for reabsorption
C. osteoblasts - break down bone tissue
D. endosteum - lines central canal of the osteon
E. periosteum - lines the medullary cavity

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
6-11
21. Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?
A. Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix.
B. Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans.
C. The protein components of bone matrix are digested.
D. Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood.
E. Blood calcium is elevated.

tissue.
tissue.
Section: 06.03
22. The primary mineral in bone is

A. sodium.
B. oxygen.
C. calcium.
D. potassium.
E. iron.

tissue.
tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-12
23. Which type of bone cells package calcium and phosphate ions?
A. osteochondral progenitor cell
B. osteoblasts
C. osteocytes
D. osteoclasts

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
24. Which type of bone cells combine hydroxyapatite and collagen to form extracellular bone
matrix?
B. osteoblasts
C. osteocytes
D. osteoclasts

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
6-13
25. Which type of bone cells give rise to osteoblasts?

B. osteoblasts
C. osteocytes
D. osteoclasts

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
26. Which type of bone cells have ruffled borders and secrete acids?
B. osteoblasts
C. osteocytes
D. osteoclasts

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
6-14
27. Which type of bone cells are large cells that form from fusion of monocytes?
B. osteoblasts
C. osteocytes
D. osteoclasts

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
28. Which type of bone cells possess extensive ER and ribosomes?

B. osteoblasts
C. osteocytes
D. osteoclasts

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
6-15
29. Which type of bone cells lie in lacunae?

B. osteoblasts
C. osteocytes
D. osteoclasts

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
30. Which type of bone cells have processes that lie in canaliculi?
B. osteoblasts
C. osteocytes
D. osteoclasts

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
6-16
31. Which of the following is associated with osteoclast reabsorption of bone?

A. Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix.
B. Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans.
C. The protein components of bone matrix are synthesized.
D. Ca2+ is actively transported from blood to bone matrix.
E. Blood calcium is decreased.

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
32. Osteoclasts have projections that cause bone reabsorption called

A. canaliculi.
B. lacunae.
C. ruffled borders.
D. lamellae.
E. crossroads.

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
6-17
33. The stem cells of osteoblasts and chondroblasts are

A. osteocytes.
B. osteoclasts.
C. chondrocytes.
D. monocytes.
E. osteochondral progenitor cells.

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
34. The stem cells of osteoclasts are

A. osteocytes.
B. osteoclasts.
C. chondrocytes.
D. monocytes.
E. osteochondral progenitor cells.

tissue.
tissue.
each.
Section: 06.03
6-18
35. Lamellar bone

A. has its collagen fibers randomly oriented.
B. has a porous appearance.
C. is organized into thin sheets of tissue.
D. is very light in weight.
E. is not easily restructured.

HAPS Objective: F02.02 Identify the internal structural components of compact bone and
spongy bone.
Learning Outcome: 06.03C. Describe the structure of woven and lamellar bone.
Section: 06.03
36. Woven bone

A. has its collagen fibers randomly oriented.
B. has a porous appearance.
C. is organized into thin sheets of tissue.
D. is very light in weight.
E. is not easily restructured.

spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-19
37. Spongy bone tissue

A. is very dense.
B. contains concentric lamellae.
C. contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae.
D. has many spaces and lacks osteocytes.
E. is the primary component of compact bone.

spongy bone.
Learning Outcome: 06.03D. Explain the structural differences between compact bone and
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
38. Haversian systems or osteons

A. are found in spongy bone tissue.
B. lack concentric lamellae.
C. are the basic units in compact bone tissue.
D. do not contain osteocytes.
E. are avascular.

spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-20
39. A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is a

A. central canal.
B. lamella.
C. canaliculus.
D. lacuna.
E. osteocanal.

spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
40. The type of lamellae found in osteons (Haversian systems) is

A. circumferential.
B. concentric.
C. interstitial.
D. appositional.
E. oppositional.

tissue.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-21
41. You would look for concentric lamellae

A. around the central canal of an osteon.
B. in between osteons.
C. on the outer surface of compact bone tissues.
D. as components of the cartilage.
E. in the bone marrow.

tissue.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
42. The type of lamellae found between osteons (Haversian systems) is

A. circumferential.
B. concentric.
C. interstitial.
D. appositional.
E. oppositional.

tissue.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-22
43. The type of lamellae that forms the outside surface of compact bone is
A. circumferential.
B. concentric.
C. interstitial.
D. appositional.
E. oppositional.

tissue.
spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
44. Small channels extending through the bone matrix are

A. lamellae.
B. lacunae.
C. canaliculi.
D. periosteum.
E. trabeculae.

tissue.
spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-23
45. Interconnecting rods of bone are

A. lamellae.
B. lacunae.
C. canaliculi.
D. periosteum.
E. trabeculae.

tissue.
spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
46. Thin sheets of bone matrix are

A. lamellae.
B. lacunae.
C. canaliculi.
D. periosteum.
E. trabeculae.

tissue.
spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-24
47. The covering of the outer surface of bone is the

A. lamellae.
B. lacunae.
C. canaliculi.
D. periosteum.
E. trabeculae.

tissue.
spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-25
48. Spaces in the bone matrix that are occupied by osteocytes are
A. lamellae.
B. lacunae.
C. canaliculi.
D. periosteum.
E. trabeculae.

tissue.
spongy bone.
each.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-26
49. These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the
osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
A. Haversian canals
B. Volkmann canals
C. lamellar canals
D. osteochondral canals
E. Sharpey's canals

tissue.
spongy bone.
HAPS Objective: F03.01 Identify the structural components of a long bone, with emphasis on
region of longitudinal growth.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
50. In which type of bone would osteons be present?

A. spongy bone
B. compact bone
C. both spongy and compact

tissue.
spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-27
51. In which type of bone would trabeculae be present?

A. spongy bone
B. compact bone

tissue.
spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
52. Which type of bone is considered dense bone?

A. spongy bone
B. compact bone

spongy bone.
HAPS Objective: F02.04 Explain the roles of dense regular and dense irregular connective
tissue in the skeletal system.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-28
53. In which type of bone are osteoblasts and osteoclasts present?

A. spongy bone
B. compact bone

tissue.
spongy bone.
each.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
54. Which type of bone has concentric lamellae?

A. spongy bone
B. compact bone

spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-29
55. Which type of bone appears porous?

A. spongy bone
B. compact bone

spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
56. Canaliculi are found in this type of bone tissue.

A. spongy bone
B. compact bone

tissue.
spongy bone.
each.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-30
57. Which of the following is correctly matched?

A. short bone - carpal bone
B. long bone - vertebra
C. irregular bone - femur
D. flat bone - phalanges of the toes
E. short bone - humerus

HAPS Objective: F07.01 Identify the types of bones based on shape and composition
(compact vs. spongy), and relate the shapes of bones to their functions.
Learning Outcome: 06.04A. Classify bones according to their shape.
Section: 06.04
58. An example of a long bone would be

A. the sternum.
B. a rib.
C. a carpal bone.
D. the tibia.
E. the clavicle.

HAPS Objective: F07.01 Identify the types of bones based on shape and composition
(compact vs. spongy), and relate the shapes of bones to their functions.
Learning Outcome: 06.04A. Classify bones according to their shape.
Section: 06.04
6-31
59. An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the
_____________ of the bone.
A. epiphysis
B. epiphyseal line
C. diaphysis
D. growth plate
E. articular surface

Learning Outcome: 06.04B. Label the parts of a typical long bone.
Section: 06.04
60. Which of the following membranes covers the surface of a mature bone?
A. perimysium
B. perichondrium
C. peritendineum
D. peritoneum
E. periosteum

Section: 06.04
6-32
61. Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The
function of yellow marrow is to
A. manufacture blood cells.
B. manufacture tissue cells for the skin.
C. store adipose tissue.
D. store bone-forming cells.
E. make vitamin D.

HAPS Objective: F03.02 Explain the functions of those structural components in the context
of a whole bone.
Section: 06.04
62. Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of red marrow is to
A. manufacture blood cells.
B. manufacture tissue cells for the skin.
C. store adipose tissue.
D. store bone-forming cells.
E. make vitamin D.

HAPS Objective: F03.02 Explain the functions of those structural components in the context
of a whole bone.
Section: 06.04
6-33
63. What is the membrane that lines the medullary cavity?

A. epiphysis
B. fibers
C. growth plate
D. medullary cavity
E. endosteum

Section: 06.04
64. What is the area where marrow is located?

A. periosteum
B. Sharpey fibers
C. growth plate
D. medullary cavity
E. endosteum

Section: 06.04
6-34
65. What is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones?

A. epiphysis
B. Sharpey's fibers
C. epiphyseal plate
D. medullary cavity
E. endosteum

Section: 06.04
66. What strengthens the attachment of the tendons or ligaments to bone?

A. epiphysis
B. Sharpey fibers
C. growth plate
D. medullary cavity
E. endosteum

Section: 06.04
6-35
67. What is the end of a long bone?

A. epiphysis
B. Sharpey's fibers
C. growth plate
D. medullary cavity
E. endosteum

Section: 06.04
68. The medullary cavity is

A. empty in adult bones.
B. the site where osteoblasts are found.
C. lined with endosteum.
D. filled with fibrocartilage and elastin fibers.
E. dead space in the bone.

Section: 06.04
6-36
69. What is the site of long bone growth?

A. medullary cavity
B. periosteum
C. endosteum
D. diaphysis
E. epiphyseal plate

Section: 06.04
70. These collagen fibers help to connect ligaments and tendons to the periosteum of the
bone.
A. endosteal fibers
B. Sharpey fibers
C. Golgi fibers
D. Haversian fibers
E. Purkinje fibers

Section: 06.04
6-37
71. What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?

A. articular cartilage
B. periosteum
C. elastic cartilage
D. cancellous bone
E. fibrocartilage

Section: 06.04
72. Some flat and irregular bones of the skull have air-filled spaces called
A. epiphyseal spaces.
B. medullary cavities.
C. lacunae.
D. sinuses.
E. trabeculae.

Learning Outcome: 06.04C. Explain the differences in structure between long bones and flat,
short, and irregular bones.
Section: 06.04
6-38
73. The flat bones of the skull develop from

A. hyaline cartilage.
B. areolar tissue.
C. compact bone.
D. fibrous connective tissue.
E. fibrocartilage.

HAPS Objective: F04.02 Compare and contrast intramembranous and endochondral
(intracartilaginous) bone formation.
Learning Outcome: 06.05A. Outline the process of intramembranous ossification.
Section: 06.05
74. Intramembranous ossification

A. forms the bones of the roof of the skull.
B. is the process that produces most of the skeletal system.
C. occurs when bones develop from cartilage models.
D. occurs when osteoblasts invade the spaces left by dying cartilage cells.
E. occurs on the outer surface of the membrane.

Section: 06.05
6-39
75. Which of the following events occurs last in intramembranous ossification?

A. Osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts.
B. A membrane of delicate collagen fibers develops.
C. Cancellous bone is formed.
D. Periosteum is formed.
E. Many tiny trabeculae of woven bone develop.

Section: 06.05
76. The locations where ossification begins in intramembranous ossification are known as
A. secondary ossification centers.
B. membranous ossification centers.
C. centers of ossification.
D. medullary cavity ossification centers.
E. epiphyseal ossification centers.

Section: 06.05
6-40
77. The spaces between developing skull bones that have not ossified are called
A. epiphyseal plates.
B. articular cartilages.
C. fontanels.
D. bone collars.
E. medullary cavities.

HAPS Objective: F07.04 Compare and contrast the skull of a fetus/infant with the skull of an
adult.
Section: 06.05
78. Arrange the following events in endochondral ossification in proper sequence:

(1) Cartilage matrix is calcified and chondrocytes die.
(2) Chondrocytes hypertrophy.
(3) Cartilage model is formed.
(4) Osteoblasts deposit bone on the surface of the calcified cartilage called the primary
ossification center.
(5) Blood vessels from the periosteum invade calcified cartilage bringing in osteoblasts and
osteoclasts.
A. 3, 2, 1, 5, 4
B. 3, 2, 5, 4, 1
C. 3, 2, 5, 1, 4
D. 3, 5, 2, 4, 1
E. 1, 3, 4, 5, 2

Learning Outcome: 06.05B. Describe the steps of endochondral ossification.
Section: 06.05
6-41
79. The processes of intramembranous and endochondral ossification are similar in several
respects. Which of the following statements applies to both intramembranous and
endochondral ossification?
A. Both processes form woven bone.
B. Both processes require a precursor of connective tissue membranes.
C. In both processes, bone replaces cartilage.
D. Both only form flat bones.
E. Chondrocytes participate in both processes.

Section: 06.05
80. Which of the following events occurs last?

A. Blood vessels grow into the primary ossification center.
B. Cartilage is calcified in the cartilage model.
C. A cartilage model is formed by chondroblasts.
D. Osteoblasts produce trabeculae and lamellae on the surface of calcified cartilage.
E. Secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses.

tissue.
Learning Outcome: 06.05D. Outline the processes of bone ossification, growth, remodeling,
and repair.
Section: 06.05
6-42
81. Ossification that involves replacing cartilage with bone is

A. intramembranous.
B. endochondral.
C. interstitial.
D. appositional.
E. osteomalacia.

Section: 06.05
82. Osteoblasts involved in bone growth in length come primarily from

A. chondrocytes.
B. endothelium of blood vessels.
C. osteocytes.
D. periosteum.
E. connective tissue surrounding blood vessels from the endosteum.

tissue.
and repair.
Section: 06.06
6-43
83. Which of the following statements about bone growth is TRUE?

A. Most growth in long bones results from interstitial growth.
B. Appositional bone growth results in increased bone length.
C. Endochondral growth in long bones occurs at the epiphyseal plate.
D. In the epiphyseal plate, osteoblasts degenerate to form chondrocytes.
E. Bones can not grow by appositional growth.

and repair.
Learning Outcome: 06.06A. Demonstrate an understanding of bone growth in length and
width, as well as at the articular cartilage.
Section: 06.06
84. The sequence of events that produces growth at the epiphyseal plate is
A. hypertrophy, proliferation, calcification, ossification, and remodeling.
B. proliferation, hypertrophy, cell death, calcification, ossification, and remodeling.
C. hypertrophy, calcification, proliferation, cell death, ossification, and remodeling.
D. calcification, hypertrophy, proliferation, ossification, cell death, and remodeling.
E. proliferation, hypertrophy, calcification, cell death, ossification, and remodeling.

tissue.
Section: 06.06
6-44
85. Appositional growth deposits a new layer of bone

A. on the surface of the bone.
B. in the epiphyseal plate of long bones.
C. in the secondary ossification center of the epiphyses.
D. in interstitial areas.
E. on cancellous, but not compact bone.

Section: 06.06
86. If an X-ray shows a black area in the region of the epiphyseal plate,
A. the bone is fractured.
B. growth of the bone is complete.
C. marrow is forming in the cancellous bone.
D. the epiphyseal plate has not completely ossified.
E. the cartilage is absent.

tissue.
Section: 06.06
6-45
87. Long bones grow in length at the

A. epiphyseal plate.
B. articular cartilage.
C. center of the shaft.
D. endosteum-periosteum junction.
E. center of the epiphysis.

tissue.
Section: 06.06
6-46
88. The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when

A. chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts.
B. the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue.
C. the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis.
D. the bone marrow forms.
E. the periosteum is completed.

tissue.
Section: 06.06
6-47
89. Bone growth of the epiphysis occurs at the

A. articular cartilage.
B. joint cavity.
C. perichondrium.
D. epiphyseal plate.
E. diaphysis.

tissue.
Section: 06.06
90. Bone growth at the articular cartilage is responsible for bone growth of
A. short bones.
B. long bones.
C. flat bones.
D. irregular bones.
E. only the cartilage.

HAPS Objective: F05.03 Explain the roles of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and calcitriol
in bone remodeling and blood calcium regulation.
Section: 06.06
6-48
91. When blood vessels become surrounded by concentric lamella forming osteons, the bone
will grow in
A. length.
B. diameter.
C. the epiphyseal plate.
D. the articular cartilage.
E. all of these areas.

tissue.
Section: 06.06
92. Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.
A. sodium, calcium, and vitamin E
B. potassium, calcium, and vitamin D
C. calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
D. vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
E. vitamin E, vitamin B, and vitamin A

HAPS Objective: F05.02 Explain the hormonal regulation of skeleton growth.
Learning Outcome: 06.06B. Describe the factors that affect bone growth.
Section: 06.06
6-49
93. Which of the following is mismatched?

A. vitamin D - aids calcium absorption
B. vitamin C - necessary for collagen synthesis
C. vitamin D - obtained by synthesis or ingestion
D. sex hormones - cause spurt of growth at puberty
E. parathyroid hormone - increases calcium loss in the kidneys

Section: 06.06
94. The growth spurt seen in puberty is triggered by

A. parathyroid hormone.
B. sex hormones.
C. growth hormone.
D. thyroid hormone.
E. calcitonin.

Section: 06.06
6-50
95. A young boy (10 years old) exhibited the following symptoms: advanced development of
secondary sexual characteristics and rapid growth. Which of the following caused his
condition?
A. hypersecretion of growth hormone
B. hypersecretion of testosterone
C. hypersecretion of estrogen
D. hyposecretion of estrogen
E. hypersecretion of vitamin D
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section: 06.06
96. What chemical stimulates the spurt of bone growth that occurs at puberty?
A. growth hormone
B. sex hormones
C. parathyroid hormone
D. calcitonin
E. vitamin D

Section: 06.06
6-51
97. A boy grew rapidly and reached a height of 6'2" by the time he was 13. He had normal
body proportions and sexual development was only slightly retarded. Which of the following
caused his condition?
A. an adrenal tumor that secretes androgens
B. hypersecretion of testosterone
C. elevated vitamin D synthesis
D. hypersecretion of growth hormone
E. hyposecretion of growth hormone
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section: 06.06
98. What chemical stimulates interstitial cartilage and appositional bone growth?
A. growth hormone
B. sex hormones
D. calcitonin
E. vitamin D

Section: 06.06
6-52
99. What chemical ingested or synthesized by the body is necessary for calcium absorption
from the intestines?
A. growth hormone
B. sex hormones
D. calcitonin
E. vitamin D

Section: 06.06
100. Which of the following statements about bone remodeling and repair is correct?
A. Bone remodeling involves removal of old bone by osteoblasts.
B. As a long bone increases in diameter, the size of the marrow cavity decreases.
C. The rate of bone remodeling increases in the elderly.
D. Exposure of a bone to increased mechanical stress can lead to bone remodeling.
E. Bone remodeling does not involve the activity of the osteoclasts and the osteoblasts.

HAPS Objective: F05.04 Contrast the remodeling processes of a child (birth to adolescence)
and an adult (middle to old age).
Learning Outcome: 06.07A. Explain the need for bone remodeling, particularly in long bones.
Learning Outcome: 06.07B. Describe the role of a basic multicellular unit (BMU) in the
remodeling process.
Learning Outcome: 06.07C. Discuss how mechanical stress affects bone remodeling and bone
strength.
Section: 06.07
6-53
101. The remodeling of bone tissue is a function of

A. osteoblast and osteoclast activity.
B. osteoclast and osteocyte activity.
C. chondroblast and osteoclast activity.
D. chondrocyte and osteocyte activity.
E. fibroblast and chondroblast activity.

remodeling process.
Section: 06.07
102. In which of the following locations in a growing bone would the greatest osteoclast
activity be found?
A. epiphysis
B. epiphyseal plate
C. medullary cavity
D. articular cartilage
E. perichondrium

remodeling process.
strength.
Section: 06.07
6-54
103. Bone remodeling may occur

A. as bones grow.
B. as bones adjust to stress.
C. as fractures heal.
D. constantly during a person's lifetime.
E. All of these choices are correct.

Learning Outcome: 06.07A. Explain the need for bone remodeling, particularly in long bones.
Section: 06.07
104. Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?

A. Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
B. When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
C. Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
D. Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
E. Calcitonin elevates blood calcium levels.

remodeling process.
strength.
Section: 06.07
6-55
105. The proper sequence of events in bone repair is

A. callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
B. remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation.
C. hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
D. callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation.
E. hematoma formation, callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone.

Learning Outcome: 06.08A. Outline and explain the steps in bone repair.
Section: 06.08
106. What structure forms between the ends of a broken bone and also the marrow cavities?
A. hematoma
B. internal callus
C. external callus
D. compact bone

Section: 06.08
6-56
107. The collar that forms around the opposing ends of bone fragments is called a(n)
A. osteon.
B. external callus.
C. hematoma.
D. epiphysis.
E. internal callus.

Section: 06.08
108. When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and
tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?
A. osteoclasts
B. osteoblasts
C. osteons
D. matrix cells
E. osteocytes

Section: 06.08
6-57
109. When blood calcium levels are low

A. ostoclast activity increases.
B. calcitonin secretion increases.
C. calcium absorption is reduced.
D. bones produce more bone tissue.
E. osteoblast activity increases.

HAPS Objective: F09.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the skeletal system
and articulations respond to maintain homeostasis in the body.
HAPS Objective: F09.02 Explain how the skeletal system and articulations relate to other
body systems to maintain homeostasis.
Learning Outcome: 06.09A. Explain the role of bone in calcium homeostasis.
Section: 06.09
6-58
110. Sam was a 60 year old man. As a result of picking up a heavy object he fractured the
radius and ulna of his right arm. X-rays indicated that he had severe osteoporosis. His blood
calcium levels were above normal and the pathologist found cancer cells that produced a
hormone-like substance. That substance was most likely
A. vitamin D.
B. parathyroid hormone.
C. calcitonin.
D. thyroid hormone.
E. growth hormone.
Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

HAPS Objective: F10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the
skeletal system and articulations could not maintain homeostasis.
Learning Outcome: 06.09B. Describe how parathyroid hormone and calcitonin influence
bone health and calcium homeostasis.
Section: 06.09
6-59
111. Osteoclast activity is increased by

B. vitamin D.
C. calcitonin.
D. growth hormone.
E. vitamin C.

Section: 06.09
6-60
112. Osteoclast activity would decrease when ________ levels are elevated.
B. vitamin D.
C. calcitonin.
D. growth hormone.
E. vitamin C.

Section: 06.09
6-61
113. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes

A. increased RANKL and increased OPG.
B. increased RANKL and decreased OPG.
C. decreased RANKL and increased OPG.
D. decreased RANKL and decreased OPG.
E. PTH has no effect on RANKL and OPG.

Section: 06.09
6-62
114. Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A. increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine
B. increased vitamin D formation in the kidneys
C. increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys
D. decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys
E. All of these are effects of PTH.

Section: 06.09
6-63
115. Which of the following statements regarding PTH (parathyroid hormone) is true?
A. PTH causes decreased uptake of Ca2+ from the small intestine.
B. PTH causes decreased vitamin D formation in the kidneys.
C. PTH causes increased reabsorption of Ca2+ in the kidneys.
D. PTH causes increased loss of Ca2+ from the kidneys.
E. PTH causes increased Na+ reabsorption in the kidneys.

Section: 06.09
6-64
116. Calcitonin
A. decreases osteoblast activity.
B. decreases osteocyte activity.
C. decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity.
D. is associated with decreased osteoclast activity.
E. has no effect on bone cells.

Section: 06.09
6-65
117. What chemical causes a decrease in the blood calcium level?

A. growth hormone
B. sex hormones
D. calcitonin
E. vitamin D

Section: 06.09
6-66
118. What chemical causes an increase in the blood calcium level?

A. growth hormone
B. sex hormones
D. calcitonin
E. vitamin D

Section: 06.09
119. One effect of aging on the skeletal system is

A. decreased bone matrix.
B. increased bone density.
C. decreased collagen fibers.
D. increased elastic fibers.
E. Decreased bone matrix and decreased collagen fibers are effects of aging.

HAPS Objective: F10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the skeletal system and
articulations that could disrupt homeostasis.
Learning Outcome: 06.10A. Describe the effects of aging on bones.
Section: 06.10
6-67
120. Brittle bone disorder is another name for

A. osteoporosis.
B. osteogenesis imperfecta.
C. osteomalacia.
D. scurvy.
E. osteomyelitis.

Section: 06.10
121. Osteogenesis imperfecta can be caused by abnormally formed

A. proteoglycans.
B. hydroxyapatite.
C. calcium.
D. collagen.
E. osteoblasts.

Section: 06.10
6-68
122. The most common bone disease is osteoporosis. The most common consequence of this
disease is
A. fractures.
B. bone thickening.
C. luxations and subluxations.
D. fusion of bones.
E. remodeling of bone.

Section: 06.10
123. Osteomyelitis is
A. bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection.
B. a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix.
C. a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion.
D. a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones.
E. a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs
because of insufficient collagen development.

Section: 06.10
6-69
124. Osteomalacia is

Section: 06.10
125. Osteoporosis is

Section: 06.10
6-70
126. Rickets is

Section: 06.10
127. Osteogenesis imperfecta is


Section: 06.10
6-71
128. How does the muscular system contribute to osteoporosis?

A. inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet
B. lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone
C. pain following injury helps prevent further injury
D. blood clotting starts repair process
E. calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis

Section: 06.10
129. How does the endocrine system affect osteoporosis?


Section: 06.10
6-72
130. How does the digestive system contribute to osteoporosis?


Section: 06.10
6-73
131. How does the cardiovascular system contribute to osteoporosis?


Section: 06.10
6-74
132. How does the nervous system contribute to osteoporosis?


Section: 06.10
6-75
133. How does the respiratory system contribute to osteoporosis?

A. Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium
absorption.
B. Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair.
C. Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss.
D. Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted.
E. Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.

Section: 06.10
6-76
134. How does the reproductive system contribute to osteoporosis?

absorption.

Section: 06.10
6-77
135. How do the lymphatic and immune systems contribute to osteoporosis?

absorption.

Section: 06.10
6-78
136. How does the integumentary system contribute to osteoporosis?

absorption.

Section: 06.10
6-79
137. How does the urinary system contribute to osteoporosis?

absorption.

Section: 06.10
138. A bone fracture that does not perforate the skin is a(an)
A. open fracture.
B. closed fracture.
C. complicated fracture.
D. composite fracture.
E. irregular fracture.

Section: 06.09
6-80
139. A bone fracture in which the two bone sections do not separate is a(an)
A. open fracture.
B. closed fracture.
C. comminuted fracture.
D. impaction fracture.
E. hairline fracture.

Section: 06.09
140. A bone fracture generally found in children that is incomplete is a(an)

A. complicated fracture.
B. hairline fracture.
C. spiral fracture.
D. dentate fracture.
E. greenstick fracture.

Section: 06.09
141. A bone fracture in which one fragment is driven into the cancellous bone of the other
fragment is a(an)
A. complicated fracture.
B. impaction fracture.
C. spiral fracture.
D. dentate fracture.
E. greenstick fracture.

Section: 06.09
6-81

Figure: 06.09
Section: 06.04
6-82
142. What does structure "A" represent on the bone diagram?

A. cancellous bone
B. diaphysis
C. epiphyseal lines
E. epiphysis

Figure: 06.09
Section: 06.04
143. What does structure "B" represent on the bone diagram?

A. cancellous bone
B. diaphysis
C. epiphyseal lines
E. epiphysis

Figure: 06.09
Section: 06.04
6-83
144. What does structure "C" represent on the bone diagram?

A. cancellous bone
B. diaphysis
C. epiphyseal lines
E. epiphysis

Figure: 06.09
Section: 06.04
145. What does structure "D" represent on the bone diagram?

A. cancellous bone
B. diaphysis
C. epiphyseal lines
E. epiphysis

Figure: 06.09
Section: 06.04
6-84
146. What does structure "E" represent on the bone diagram?

A. cancellous bone
B. diaphysis
C. epiphyseal lines
E. epiphysis

Figure: 06.09
Section: 06.04
6-85

Figure: 06.14
Section: 06.06
6-86
147. This figure illustrates bone growth in length at the Epiphyseal Plate. What is zone "A"?
A. bone of diaphysis
B. zone of calcification
C. zone of hypertrophy
D. zone of proliferation
E. zone of resting cartilage

Figure: 06.14
Section: 06.06
148. This figure illustrates bone growth in length at the Epiphyseal Plate. What is zone "B"?

Figure: 06.14
Section: 06.06
6-87
149. This figure illustrates bone growth in length at the Epiphyseal Plate. What is zone "C"?

Figure: 06.14
Section: 06.06
150. This figure illustrates bone growth in length at the Epiphyseal Plate. What is zone "D"?

Figure: 06.14
Section: 06.06
6-88
151. This figure illustrates bone growth in length at the Epiphyseal Plate. What is zone "E"?

Figure: 06.14
Section: 06.06
6-89
6-90

Figure: 06.21
Section: 06.09
152. This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "A"?

A. PTH promotes calcium release into blood by osteoclast.
B. Calcium is removed from blood by osteoblasts.
C. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption.
D. Calcium is lost in urine.
E. PTH promotes calcium reabsorption from urine.

Figure: 06.21
Section: 06.09
6-91
153. This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "B"?


Figure: 06.21
Section: 06.09
6-92
154. This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "C"?


Figure: 06.21
Section: 06.09
6-93
155. This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "D"?


Figure: 06.21
Section: 06.09
6-94
156. This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "E"?


Figure: 06.21
Section: 06.09
6-95

Seeleys Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition VanPutte Test Bank 1

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Chapter 06 - Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Seeleys Anatomy and Physiology 10th

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Important functions of the skeletal system include

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

2. A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a(n)

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

4. Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

6. The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

7. The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

9. A connective tissue sheath around cartilage is the

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

10. Proteoglycan molecules in the matrix of cartilage

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

12. In appositional growth of cartilage,

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

13. Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

15. The proportion of collagen to hydroxyapatite in bone determines the

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

18. What are the maintenance cells in bone tissue?

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

19. The primary function of osteoblasts is to

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

20. Which of the following is correctly matched?

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

22. The primary mineral in bone is

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

25. Which type of bone cells give rise to osteoblasts?

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

28. Which type of bone cells possess extensive ER and ribosomes?

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

29. Which type of bone cells lie in lacunae?

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

31. Which of the following is associated with osteoclast reabsorption of bone?

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

32. Osteoclasts have projections that cause bone reabsorption called

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

33. The stem cells of osteoblasts and chondroblasts are

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

34. The stem cells of osteoclasts are

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

35. Lamellar bone

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

36. Woven bone

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

37. Spongy bone tissue

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember