Management Information Systems Managing The Digital Firm Canadian 7th Edition Laudon Test Bank Download

Laudon/Laudon/Brabston, Management Information Systems, Seventh Canadian Edition
Management Information
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Chapter 6 Databases and Information Management

1) A grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number is called a
record.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 175
AACSB: Use of information technology
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.1
2) Each characteristic or quality describing a particular entity is called an attribute.

Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.1
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

158
3) Program-data dependence refers to the coupling of data stored in files and software
programs that use this data such that changes in programs require changes to the data.
Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.1
4) A DBMS separates the logical and physical views of data.

Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
5) Every record in a file should contain at least one key field.

Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
6) NoSQL technologies are used to manage sets of data that don't require the flexibility of
tables and relations.
Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
7) Data governance deals with the policies and processes for managing the integrity and
security of data in a firm.
Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.4
8) Because HTML was designed as a cross-platform language, it is the preferred method of

communicating with back-end databases.
159
Answer: FALSE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
9) A data dictionary is a language associated with a database management system that end
users and programmers use to manipulate data in the database.
Answer: FALSE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
10) In a relational database, complex groupings of data must be streamlined to eliminate

awkward many-to-many relationships.
Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
11) A data warehouse may be updated by a legacy system.
Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
12) A data warehouse is typically comprised of several smaller data marts.

Answer: FALSE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
13) OLAP is used for multidimensional data analysis.

Answer: TRUE

160

CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
14) OLAP enables users to obtain online answers to ad-hoc questions in a fairly rapid amount of
time, except when the data are stored in very large databases.
Answer: FALSE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
15) With in-memory computing, a computer's primary memory (RAM) is used for processing.
Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
16) In a Web-based database, middleware is used to transfer information from the organization's
internal database back to the Web server for delivery in the form of a Web page to the user.
Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
17) The disadvantage of using a Web interface for a database is that it typically requires
substantial changes to the internal database.
Answer: FALSE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
18) Common Gateway Interface is a specification for processing data on a Web server.
Answer: TRUE
161
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.4
19) Data administration is a special organizational function that manages the policies and
procedures through which data can be managed as an organizational resource.
Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.4
20) Data cleansing is the same process as data scrubbing.

Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.4
21) An effective information system provides users with accurate, timely, and irrelevant
information.

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Answer: FALSE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.1
22) Program-data dependence wastes storage resources and also leads to data
inconsistency where the same attribute may have different values.
Answer: FALSE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.1
23) A traditional file system can deliver routine scheduled reports after extensive
programming efforts, but it cannot deliver ad hoc reports or respond to unanticipated
information requirements in a timely fashion.
Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.1
24) A database is a collection of data organized to serve many applications efficiently by

centralizing the data and controlling redundant data.
Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
25) The most popular type of DBMS today for PCs as well as for larger computers and
mainframes is the rational DBMS.
Answer: FALSE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2

163
26) Up until about five years ago, most data collected by organizations consisted of
transaction data that could easily fit into rows and columns of relational database
management systems.
Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
27) Big data does not refer to any specific quantity but usually refers to data in the petabyte and
exabyte range—in other words, billions to trillions of records, all from different sources.
Answer: TRUE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
28) A data mart is a database that stores current and historical data of potential interest to
decision makers throughout the company.
Answer: FALSE
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
29) Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between entities and attributes?
A) the entity CUSTOMER with the attribute PRODUCT
B) the entity CUSTOMER with the attribute PURCHASE
C) the entity PRODUCT with the attribute PURCHASE
D) the entity PRODUCT with the attribute CUSTOMER
Answer: B
AACSB: Analytic skills
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.1
30) Which of the following is not one of the main problems with a traditional file environment?
A) data inconsistency
B) program-data independence
164
C) lack of flexibility in creating ad-hoc reports

D) poor security
Answer: B
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.1
31) A DBMS reduces data redundancy and inconsistency by

A) enforcing referential integrity.
B) uncoupling program and data.
C) utilizing a data dictionary.
D) minimizing isolated files with repeated data.
Answer: D
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
32) A characteristic or quality describing an entity is called a(n)

A) field.
B) tuple.
C) key field.
D) attribute.
Answer: D
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.1
33) The confusion created by ________ makes it difficult for companies to create customer
relationship management, supply chain management, or enterprise systems that integrate
data from different sources.
A) batch processing
B) data redundancy
C) data independence
D) online processing

165
Answer: B
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.1
34) Duplicate data in multiple data files is called data ________.

A) redundancy
B) repetition
C) independence
D) partitions
Answer: A
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.1
35) A DBMS makes the

A) physical database available for different logical views.
B) logical database available for different analytical views.
C) physical database available for different analytical views.
D) logical database available for different physical views.
Answer: A
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
36) The logical view

A) shows how data are organized and structured on the storage media.
B) presents an entry screen to the user.
C) allows the creation of supplementary reports.
D) presents data as they would be perceived by end users.
Answer: D
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
166
37) DBMS for midrange computers include all of the following except
A) DB2.
B) Oracle.
C) Microsoft SQL Server.
D) Microsoft Access.
Answer: D
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
38) The type of logical database model that treats data as if they were stored in two-dimensional
tables is the
A) non-relational DBMS.
B) mobile DBMS.
C) relational DBMS.
D) hierarchical DBMS.
Answer: C
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
39) Oracle Database Lite is a(n)

A) DBMS for small handheld computing devices.
B) Internet DBMS.
C) mainframe relational DBMS.
D) DBMS for midrange computers.
Answer: A
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
40) Microsoft SQL Server is a(n)

A) DBMS for small handheld computing devices.
B) Internet DBMS.

167
C) desktop relational DBMS.

D) DBMS for midrange computers.
Answer: D
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
41) In a table for customers, the information about a single customer would reside in a single
A) field.
B) row.
C) column.
D) table.
Answer: B
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.2
42) In a relational database, a record is referred to in technical terms as a(n)

A) tuple.
B) row.
C) entity.
D) field.
Answer: A
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
43) A field identified in a table as holding the unique identifier of the table's records is called
the
A) primary key.
B) key field.
C) primary field.
D) unique ID.

168
Answer: A
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
44) A field identified in a record as holding the unique identifier for that record is called the
A) primary key.
B) key field.
C) primary field.
D) unique ID.
Answer: B
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
45) In a relational database, the three basic operations used to develop useful sets of data are
A) select, project, and where.
B) select, join, and where.
C) select, project, and join.
D) select, from, and join.
Answer: C
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
46) The select operation

A) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise
available.
B) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table.
C) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected.
D) creates a subset consisting of all records in the file that meet stated criteria.
Answer: D
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
169
47) The join operation

available.
B) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected.
C) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table.
D) organizes elements into segments.
Answer: A
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
48) The project operation

available.
B) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table.
C) organizes elements into segments.
D) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected.
Answer: B
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
49) Big data does not refer to

A) datasets with fewer than a billion records.
B) datasets with unstructured data.
C) machine-generated data (i.e. from sensors).
D) data created by social media (i.e. tweets, Facebook Likes).
Answer: A
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.3
50) Which of the following technologies would you use to analyze the social media data
collected by a major online retailer?
A) OLAP
B) data warehouse
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C) data mart
D) Hadoop
Answer: D
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.3
51) The data dictionary serves as an important data management tool by

A) assigning attributes to the data.
B) creating an inventory of the data elements contained in the database.
C) presenting data as end users or business specialists would perceive them.
D) maintaining data in updated form.
Answer: B
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
52) An automated or manual file that stores information about data elements and data
characteristics such as usage, physical representation, ownership, authorization, and security
is the
A) data dictionary.
B) data definition diagram.
C) entity-relationship diagram.
D) relationship dictionary.
Answer: A
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
53) The specialized language programmers use to add and change data in the database is called
A) a data access language.
B) a data manipulation language.
C) structured query language.
D) a data definition language.

171
Answer: B
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
54) The most prominent data manipulation language today is

A) Access.
B) DB2.
C) SQL.
D) Crystal Reports.
Answer: C
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
55) DBMSs typically include report-generating tools in order to

A) retrieve and display data.
B) display data in an easier-to-read format.
C) display data in graphs.
D) perform predictive analysis.
Answer: B
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
56) The process of streamlining data to minimize redundancy and awkward many-to-many
relationships is called
A) normalization.
B) data scrubbing.
C) data cleansing.
D) data defining.
Answer: A
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.4
172
57) A schematic of the entire database that describes the relationships in a database is called
a(n)
A) data dictionary.
B) intersection relationship diagram.
C) entity-relationship diagram.
D) data definition diagram.
Answer: C
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
58) A one-to-one relationship between two entities is symbolized in a diagram by a line that
ends with
A) two short marks.
B) one short mark.
C) a crow's foot.
D) a crow's foot topped by a short mark.
Answer: A
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
59) Which of the following is not one of the techniques used in Web mining?
A) Knowledge mining
B) structure mining
C) server mining
D) user mining
Answer: D
AACSB: Reflective thinking skills
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
60) You work for a retail clothing chain whose primary outlets are in shopping malls, and you
are conducting an analysis of your customers and their preferences. You wish to find out if
there are any particular activities that your customers engage in, or the types of purchases

173
made in the month before or after purchasing select items from your store. To do this, you
will want to use data mining software that is capable of
A) identifying associations.
B) identifying clusters.
C) identifying sequences.
D) classification.
Answer: C
CASE: Synthesis
Objective: 6.3
61) You work for a national car rental agency and want to determine what characteristics are
shared among your most loyal customers. To do this, you will want to use data mining
software that is capable of
A) identifying associations.
B) identifying clusters.
C) identifying sequences.
D) classification.
Answer: D
CASE: Synthesis
Objective: 6.3
62) A data warehouse is composed of

A) historical data from legacy systems.
B) current data.
C) internal and external data sources.
D) historic and current internal data.
Answer: D
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
63) All of the following are technologies used to analyze and manage big data except
A) cloud computing.
B) noSQL.
174
C) in-memory computing.
D) analytic platforms.
Answer: A
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
64) A nationwide magazine publisher has hired you to help analyze their social media datasets
to determine which of their news publications are seen as the most trustworthy. Which of
the following tools would you use to analyze this data?
A) text mining tools
B) sentiment analysis software
C) Web usage mining technologies
D) data mining software for identifying associations
Answer: B
CASE: Evaluation
Objective: 6.3
65) The tool that enables users to view the same data in different ways using multiple
dimensions is
A) predictive analysis.
B) SQL.
C) OLAP.
D) data mining.
Answer: C
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
66) OLAP is a tool for enabling

A) users to obtain online answers to ad-hoc questions in a rapid amount of time.
B) users to view both logical and physical views of data.
C) programmers to quickly diagram data relationships.
D) programmers to normalize data.

175
Answer: A
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
67) Data mining is a tool for allowing users to

A) quickly compare transaction data gathered over many years.
B) find hidden relationships in data.
C) obtain online answers to ad-hoc questions in a rapid amount of time.
D) summarize massive amounts of data into much smaller, traditional reports.
Answer: B
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
68) In terms of data relationships, associations refers to

A) events linked over time.
B) patterns that describe a group to which an item belongs.
C) occurrences linked to a single event.
D) undiscovered groupings.
Answer: C
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
69) ________ tools are used to analyze large unstructured data sets, such as e-mail, memos,
survey responses, etc., to discover patterns and relationships.
A) OLAP
B) Text mining
C) In-memory
D) Clustering
Answer: B
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
176
70) An alternative to using application server software for interfacing between a Web server
and back-end databases is
A) CGI.
B) HTML.
C) Java.
D) SQL.
Answer: A
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
71) The organization's rules for sharing, disseminating, acquiring, standardizing, classifying,
and inventorying information is called a(n)
A) information policy.
B) data definition file.
C) data quality audit.
D) data governance policy.
Answer: A
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.4
72) The special organizational function whose responsibilities include physical database design
and maintenance, is called
A) data administration.
B) database administration.
C) information policy administration.
D) data auditing.
Answer: B
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.4
73) Which common database challenge is illustrated by a person receiving multiple copies of an
L.L. Bean catalog, each addressed to a slightly different variation of his or her full name?

177
A) data normalization
B) data accuracy
C) data redundancy
D) data inconsistency
Answer: D
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.1
74) Detecting and correcting data in a database or file that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly
formatted, or redundant is called
A) data auditing.
B) defragmentation.
C) data scrubbing.
D) data optimization.
Answer: C
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.4
75) You are creating a database to store temperature and wind data from national airport
locations. Which of the following fields is the most likely candidate to use as the basis for a
primary key in the Airport table?
A) address
B) city
C) airport code
D) state
Answer: C
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.2
76) Data cleansing not only corrects errors but also

A) establishes logical relationships between data.
B) structures data.

178
C) normalizes data.
D) enforces consistency among different sets of data.
Answer: D
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.4
77) Which of the following is not a method for performing a data quality audit?
A) surveying entire data files
B) surveying samples from data files
C) surveying data definition and query files
D) surveying end users about their perceptions of data quality
Answer: C
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.4
78) The most popular type of DBMS today for PCs as well as for larger computers and
mainframes is the ____________________________.
A) relational DBMS
B) relational DMBS
C) rational DBMS
D) rational DMBS
Answer: A
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.2
79) A ________________________ is a database that stores current and historical data of

potential interest to decision makers throughout the company.
A) data warehouse
B) in-memory computing
C) analytic platforms
D) Data mining

179
Answer: A
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.3
80) Another way of facilitating big data analysis is to use _______________________, which
relies primarily on a computer’s main memory (RAM) for data storage.
A) data warehouse
D) Data mining
Answer: B
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.3
81) Commercial database vendors have developed specialized high-speed

________________________ using both relational and non-relational technology that are
optimized for analyzing large datasets.
A) data warehouse
D) Data mining
Answer: C
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.3
82) In__________________, events are linked over time.

A) Sequences,
B) Classification
C) Clustering
D) Forecasting

180
Answer: A
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.3
83) __________________________ recognizes patterns that describe the group to which an

item belongs by examining existing items that have been classified and by inferring a set of
rules.
A) Sequences,
B) Classification
C) Clustering
D) Forecasting
Answer: B
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.3
84) __________________________ works in a manner similar to classification when no groups

have yet been defined.
A) Sequences,
B) Classification
C) Clustering
D) Forecasting
Answer: C
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.3
85) ____________________ uses predictions in a different way. It uses a series of existing

values to predict what other values will be.
A) Sequences,
B) Classification
C) Clustering
D) Forecasting

181
Answer: D
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.3
86) The discovery and analysis of useful patterns and information from the World Wide Web is
called ______________________.
A) Data mining
B) Web surfing
C) Web data
D) Web mining
Answer: D
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.3
87) _________________________ used to describe many of these activities. Promoted by IBM,

data governance deals with the policies and processes for managing the availability, usability,
integrity, and security of the data employed in an enterprise, with special emphasis on
promoting privacy, security, data quality, and compliance with government regulations.
A) database administration
B) data cleansing
C) data security
D) data governance
Answer: D
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.4
88) Databases record information about general categories of information referred to as

________.
Answer: entities
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.1
182
89) To analyze unstructured data, such as memos and legal cases, you would use ________
tools.
Answer: text mining
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
90) A(n) ________ view shows data as it is actually organized and structured on the data
storage media.
Answer: physical
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
91) DBMS have a(n) ________ capability to specify the structure of the Knowledge of the
database.
Answer: data definition
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
92) Relational DBMSs use ________ rules to ensure that relationships between coupled tables
remain consistent.
Answer: referential integrity
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
93) In a client/server environment, a DBMS is located on a dedicated computer called a(n)

________.
Answer: database server
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
183
94) In ________, a data mining tool discovers different groupings within data, such as finding
affinity groups for bank cards.
Answer: clustering
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
95) High-speed ________ use both relational and non-relational tools to analyze large datasets.
Answer: analytic platforms
AACSB: Reflective thinking skills
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
96) A(n) ________ is software that handles all application operations between browser-based
computers and a company's back-end business applications or databases.
Answer: application server
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
97) In data mining, the technique of ________ uses a series of existing values to predict what
other values will be.
Answer: forecasting
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
98) Information is __________when it is available to decision makers when it is needed.

Answer: timely
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.1

184
99) Information is _______________ when it is useful and appropriate for the types of
work and decisions that require it.
Answer: relevant
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.1
100) __________________ is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so that the
same data are stored in more than one place or location.
Answer: Data redundancy
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.1
101) __________________ refers to the coupling of data stored in files and the specific
programs required to update and maintain those files so that changes in programs require
changes to the data.
Answer: Program-data dependence
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.1
102) A ________________________________ is software that permits an organization to

centralize data, manage them efficiently, and provide access to the stored data by
application programs.
Answer: database management system (DBMS)
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
103) ______________________________ use a more flexible data model and are designed for
managing large data sets across many distributed machines and for easily scaling up or
down.
Answer: Non-relational database management systems

185

CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
104) The process of creating small, stable, yet flexible and adaptive data structures from complex
groups of data is called ____________________.
Answer: normalization
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.2
105) A __________________is a subset of a data warehouse in which a summarized or highly

focused portion of the organization’s data is placed in a separate database for a specific
population of users.
Answer: data mart
CASE: Knowledge
Objective: 6.3
106) The small publishing company you work for wants to create a new database for storing
information about all of their author contracts. What factors will influence how you design
the database?
Answer: Student answers will vary, but should include some assessment of data quality,
business processes and user needs, and relationship to existing IT systems. Key points to
include are:
Data accuracy when the new data is input, establishing a good data model, determining
which data is important and anticipating what the possible uses for the data will be, beyond
looking up contract information, technical difficulties linking this system to existing
systems, new business processes for data input and handling, and contracts management,
determining how end users will use the data, making data definitions consistent with other
databases, what methods to use to cleanse the data.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 175-176
CASE: Synthesis
Objective: 6.1
107) When you design the new contracts database for the publishing house mentioned above,
what fields do you anticipate needing? Which of these fields might be in use in other
databases used by the company?
186
Answer: Author first name, author last name, author address, agent name and address, title
of book, book ISBN, date of contract, amount of money, payment schedule, date contract
ends.
Other databases might be an author database (author names, address, and agent details), a
book title database (title and ISBN of book), and financial database (payments made).
CASE: Synthesis
Objective: 6.1
108) List at least three conditions that contribute to data redundancy and inconsistency.
Answer: Data redundancy occurs when different divisions, functional areas, and groups in
an organization independently collect the same piece of information. Because it is collected
and maintained in so many different places, the same data item may have:
1. different meanings in different parts of the organization,
2. different names may be used for the same item, and
3. different descriptions for the same condition. In addition, the fields into which the data is
gathered may have different field names, different attributes, or different constraints.
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.1
109) List and describe three main capabilities or tools of a DBMS.

Answer: A data definition capability to specify the structure of the Knowledge of the
database. This capability would be used to create database tables and to define the
characteristics of the fields in each table.
A data dictionary to store definitions of data elements in the database and their
characteristics. In large corporate databases, the data dictionary may capture additional
information, such as usage; ownership; authorization; security; and the individuals, business
functions, programs, and reports that use each data element.
A data manipulation language, such as SQL, that is used to add, change, delete, and retrieve
the data in the database. This language contains commands that permit end users and
programming specialists to extract data from the database to satisfy information requests
and develop applications.
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.2

187
110) You have been hired by a national furniture leasing company to implement its first business
intelligence systems and infrastructure. To prepare for your initial report, describe the types
of data in their firm they can use to support business intelligence and the systems that you
will implement to support both their power users and casual users, and explain how these
systems or tools work together.
Answer: All types of data can be used for their business intelligence systems, including
operational, historical, machine-generated, Web/social data, audio and video data, and
external data. The large datasets can be collected in a Hadoop cluster, and used by an
analytic platform to support power user queries, data mining, OLAP, etc. A data warehouse
can be used to house all data, including smaller data sets and operational data, and be used
to support casual use, for queries, reports, and digital dashboards, as well as support the
analytic platforms. Smaller data marts can be created from the data warehouse to enable
faster querying and typical queries from casual users.
CASE: Synthesis
Objective: 6.3
111) Identify and describe three basic operations used to extract useful sets of data from a
relational database.
Answer: The select operation creates a subset consisting of all records (rows) in the table
that meets stated criteria. The join operation combines relational tables to provide the user
with more information than is available in individual tables. The project operation creates a
subset consisting of columns in a table, permitting the user to create new tables that contain
only the information required.
CASE: Analysis
Objective: 6.2
112) Describe the ways in which database technologies could be used by an office stationery
supply company to achieve low-cost leadership.
Answer: Sales databases could be used to make the supply chain more efficient and
minimize warehousing and transportation costs. You can also use sales databases, as well as
text mining and sentiment analysis, to determine what supplies are in demand by which
customers and whether needs are different in different geographical areas. Business
intelligence databases could be used to predict future trends in office supply needs, to help
anticipate demand, and to determine the most efficient methods of transportation and
delivery.
CASE: Evaluation
Objective: 6.3
188
113) Describe the ways in which database technologies could be used by a toy manufacturer to
achieve product differentiation.
Answer: Product databases could be made available to customers for greater convenience
and ordering online. Databases could be used to track customer preferences and to help
anticipate customer desires. Sales databases could also help clients such as toy stores
anticipate when they would need to re-supply, providing an additional service. Data mining,
Web mining, and sentiment analysis of big data could help anticipate trends in sales or other
factors to help determine new services and products to sell to clients.
CASE: Evaluation
Objective: 6.3
114) What makes data mining an important business tool? What types of information does data
mining produce? In what type of circumstance would you advise a company to use data
mining?
Answer: Data mining is one of the data analysis tools that helps users make better business
decisions and is one of the key tools of business intelligence. Data mining allows users to
analyze large amounts of data and find hidden relationships between data that otherwise
would not be discovered. For example, data mining might find that a customer that buys
product X is ten times more likely to buy product Y than other customers.
Data mining finds information such as:
● Associations or occurrences that are linked to a single event.
● Sequences, events that are linked over time.
● Classification, patterns that describe the group to which an item belongs, found by
examining existing items that have been classified and by inferring a set of rules.
● Clusters, unclassified but related groups.
I would advise a company to use data mining when they are looking for new products and
services, or when they are looking for new marketing techniques or new markets. Data
mining might also be helpful when trying to analyze unanticipated problems with sales
whose causes are difficult to identify.
CASE: Evaluation
Objective: 6.3
115) What are the differences between data mining and OLAP? When would you advise a
company to use OLAP?
Answer: Data mining uncovers hidden relationships and is used when you are trying to
discover data and new relationships. It is used to answer questions such as: Are there any
product sales that are related in time to other product sales?

189
In contrast, OLAP is used to analyze multiple dimensions of data and is used to find
answers to complex, but known, questions, such as: What were sales of a product—broken
down by month and geographical region, and how did those sales compare to sales
forecasts?
CASE: Evaluation
Objective: 6.2

190

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Laudon/Laudon/Brabston, Management Information Systems, Seventh Canadian Edition

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Chapter 6 Databases and Information Management

2) Each characteristic or quality describing a particular entity is called an attribute.

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4) A DBMS separates the logical and physical views of data.

5) Every record in a file should contain at least one key field.

8) Because HTML was designed as a cross-platform language, it is the preferred method of

10) In a relational database, complex groupings of data must be streamlined to eliminate

12) A data warehouse is typically comprised of several smaller data marts.

13) OLAP is used for multidimensional data analysis.

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AACSB: Use of information technology

20) Data cleansing is the same process as data scrubbing.

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24) A database is a collection of data organized to serve many applications efficiently by

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C) lack of flexibility in creating ad-hoc reports

31) A DBMS reduces data redundancy and inconsistency by

32) A characteristic or quality describing an entity is called a(n)

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34) Duplicate data in multiple data files is called data ________.

35) A DBMS makes the

36) The logical view

39) Oracle Database Lite is a(n)

40) Microsoft SQL Server is a(n)

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C) desktop relational DBMS.

42) In a relational database, a record is referred to in technical terms as a(n)

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46) The select operation

47) The join operation

48) The project operation

49) Big data does not refer to

51) The data dictionary serves as an important data management tool by

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54) The most prominent data manipulation language today is

55) DBMSs typically include report-generating tools in order to

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62) A data warehouse is composed of

66) OLAP is a tool for enabling

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67) Data mining is a tool for allowing users to

68) In terms of data relationships, associations refers to

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76) Data cleansing not only corrects errors but also

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79) A ________________________ is a database that stores current and historical data of

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81) Commercial database vendors have developed specialized high-speed

82) In__________________, events are linked over time.

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83) __________________________ recognizes patterns that describe the group to which an

84) __________________________ works in a manner similar to classification when no groups

85) ____________________ uses predictions in a different way. It uses a series of existing

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87) _________________________ used to describe many of these activities. Promoted by IBM,

88) Databases record information about general categories of information referred to as

93) In a client/server environment, a DBMS is located on a dedicated computer called a(n)

98) Information is __________when it is available to decision makers when it is needed.

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102) A ________________________________ is software that permits an organization to