FORMULA BOOK Si Enis SSC CGL, CHSL, CPO, CET, MTS, Delhi Police, Head Constable, IBPS PO, Clerk, SBI, RRB, CDS, AFCAT, CSAT, ICAR, CAPF, Assistant exams, Other State & One-day Competitive Exams. RAKESH YADAV Selected exciselnspectonamazon wee) TAP ON BOOK TO BUY NOW ASSENT Paid kers @ Flipkart TAP ON BOOK TO BUY NOW gd Pgas4 RSs ©)Rakesh Yadav Readers Publication Pvt. A-16, CAREERWILL TOWER AZADPUR, DELHI-110033 Contact No. : 92-686-686-86, 93-105-900-20 ee ey m First Edition : 2023-24 we Editor-in-chief : Jagram Yadav v- Editorial Team : Gaurav Azad, Ayush Yadav, Naman sansa Kain, Akash Kumar, Sushil Pandey, Saurav Kumar, Ankush Gurjar & Jeet Singh Cover Designing, Page Layouting & Typesetter: Pawan Kr. Sharma, Sandeep Kr. eo & Amita Rai ‘Typist : Dinesh Sharma, Santosh nny Jha, Ramchandra & Chandani Gupta Copyright © publisher : No part of this publication may beweproduced or distributed in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the publishers, Disclaime: Information contains ‘work has been obtained by Rakesh Yadav Readers Publication Put. Ltd. from sgure8s believed to be reliable. However, neither Rakesh Yadav Readers Publication Pvt its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published hetein af neither Rakesh Yadav Readers Publication Pvt. Ltd. nor its authors shall be responsible for any error, omissions or damage arising out of use of this information. This is Bliblishéd with understanding that Rakesh Yadav Readers Publication Pvt. Ltd. and its authors ‘ate supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other Professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate proféssional should be sought. All disputes are subject to jurisdiction of competent courts in Delhi only.PREFACE Nothing thrills a writer more than the success of Kh book. With this book, | hope to reach a muc! section of the student community and othi 10 relentlessly compete for various Government jobs. Jam thankful to Almighty and my(family (My parents, brother, wife, daughters and,S6n), who extended their help in various invisible | also express my thanks to the Mathematics Expert Team. | sincerely hope, the book “The Formula Book Mathematics " (Bilingual meet a good response. | would preciate suggestions, doubts ete. rned with this book at the following. Rakesh Yadav Whatsapp @+91-966-766-777-2 E-mail:- rakesh.yadav0011@ gmail.com (iil[Arithmetic] 1. Percentage (afer) 2. Profit and Loss (a wa ef) 3. Discount (#zzr) . . 4, Simple Interest (HR HT) .. ot 5. Compound Interest (=¥afx 214)... 1-13 6. Ratio and Proportion (3rgwa wt FAG)... 14-46 Te Age (3) nm qT 8, Partnership (ager) z 17-18 9, Mixture and Alligation (fam wa qeereeT) 18-20 10. Time and Work (a4 wa =r) 21-22 11. Work and Wages (#1 ua 5141) 23-23 12. Pipe and Cistern (7a 3x Z@t)... 24-24 13. Time, Speed and Distance & Train (a4, ret ait <éilfer Sa) 24-28 14, Race (43) ... 28-29 18. Boat and Stream (47 a umn). 30-30 16. Average (SIFT) annem sseinnnnnnnnnnnnnnnneeee Sa 17. LOM & HOF (orga SaTgaed US HET GHIA) nn sense, 34-36 18. Probability (MfFFA) nmennmifnanepninennnnnnnenninmennnnmnnennnenenne STAR 19. Statistics (wera) 42-55 [Advance] 20. Number System (em af)... 56-72 24. Power, Indices and Surds (ara, Brat wi wet) 73-75 22, Simplification, (Stee)... oe TTT 23. Algebra (aterifea) . 77-84 24, Polynomial & Quadratic Equation (age ait festa ata) 84-90 25. Trigondmetry (FFT HFA). nnennnennee ee {icircuiar Measurement of Angle (aia = ontta Tg) * Maximum and Minimum Value (afreca ait =04 4A) + Height and Distance (sae wt % % > 2.5% ake m 40 ee 2° 1 5 hog 952% 3 37.5% 374 . a ¥ 3 % do a 2 . 5 625 624% ; ty ip a 1 4 57.14% s7d% 3, 2 7 7 % 185% = 812% 2 2 4 4 2 66.66% 062% . + = 80% 2 -g5® 5 00- 142% = 855% 2 75% 1 3 atm = 45.45% Bld, 00%-24% + 912% i 12 27 er 8g eng 63.66% » Ba 3 a o0%-s[ ate) > 24 = 100% -5| 6 5 1 90.90% => 100% - 207 % > 79— % 6% eS 0 40,4 44.44% a4 GF 400% + 44.44% 5 444.44% 7, 43 1 rT7 r7h% > Bord 100% + 16.66% + 716.6% Derived fraction from base fractions) SOT ene >» B68 r00%-+ e580 5 1955% 7 2 rox » 85,8 2 Ly > 5 57 75% G54 | -1500% + 835% + 5835 % 1 4 ozhy 29 4,2 166.24 2, > 5 77877 % > FP A94 ZF 900% Z% > 9665 % 5 a uu 1 ) 8 Bs, 2D _, s00% + 11[84%| so0% + 3 > Boss H,soom + 11[84%] 500% 2 2 3 «20% = 60% 912% 5913% > 2-3 20%-60% 245 s012% > 2 3 4 2, 200% + 462% + 2462% 6 15 777 15 7 700% ge ese 2 _RAKESH YADAV READERS PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTDPercentage to fraction conversion L feet ar fa SaATOT J 1 7 > 17.5% + IT.S*755 > Gg OF fos B)ers wraee Z yak + Bs BE > wha sasecaty thet 5 $9, 94 19, 1,17 3,1 a7 1 > 785 %+ 75134 %> > . vases agi aaneo 3 3 30% + 8.33% 4 5+ 75 + > §38.33% + 500% + io 1 323 12 60 5 2 9 528.56% +5 + 5 ge ‘Some percentage formulaefae viagia Frat porns @b_ bya © a%ofb=b%of ae T59 - Too b axb_ bxa © 2ar%eg6FD = 5% of 2b +» T59'= Foo ano, p BG axb_ bxa © sa% of F~ F%ofsbe> >= The oop 2 Se, axb_ bxa © Aarhot t= Fu of 4b o Ty= Tog" % of b= 20% of 2 © a%ofb=2a% of 5 [atb)% of x= a% of x+ b% of x [atb)% of (x+y) = a% of (x+y) + b% of (x+y) 0° RAKESH YADAV READERS PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD 3 Percentage Tricks «ab 2 ababab...%6= £2 5. abe © abeabeabe...%= oe For eg. 11.AN1..% = 35 » 34 34.3434...%= 5 y,_ ab 2 ab2ab%= ue wb 2 absab%= 2 ab.Sab% = Rule 1: Ix is reduced to X,, then, Reduce % =f 100 x RC Rx, Te FE Pe aE, ATK % = Rulle 2.1% is increased to x, then, Increment%/#% athe vera oe a ats x100 ‘Rule 8: If an amount is increased by a% and then it is tredticed by a% azn then percentage change will be 9 «AR UT ane aT at & she Fe ‘a decrease of ia a% Here at, a a A aes (amit) et 5 96 Rule 4: If the cost of an article is increased by A%, then how much to decrease the consumption of article, so that expenditure remains same is given by If the income of a man is A% more than another man, ‘then income of another man is less in comparison to the Ist man by Fare og wt hae A wat, aay wt a A fra atte ST sesh ot ae fd Here co Te? oT, a fet maf A, on Farah orm aaa B a oT AM orf &, dh gat FH OT, ee ofa at ona @ fare afar wa 27 A seine sfere (rote) Rule 5: If the cost of an article is decreased by A%, ‘then the increase in consumption of article to maintain the expenditure will be? oR If" is A% less than ¥y’, then y is more than ‘x’ bycafe Pret eq ae AMG Tet &, day BT eT A fr fe i gfe st ual at a? a AE x, y WAM HH Eat y, x 8 Pe afer safc #2 Rule 6: If the length of a rectangle is increased by a% and breadth is increased by b%, then the area of rect- angle will increase by /4 feet say ¥t ard 1 a% WaT came aon rat te wi b% warm Te, A gE Awa Fre eT eo? ab Required Increase/ ste afew = [a+b 755 1% Note: If a side is increased, take positive sign and if, it is decreased, take negative sign. It is applied for two dimensional figures. ste: ae aa qa @ feu ot vain fren aren @, ret yon FT See watt Brat eat ait 21 aero Ree seit ai cen ere Fae ats ai faa Fem t Rule 6: Ifthe side of a square is decreased by a%, then, the area of square will decrease by cafe fare at ai een IT 0% Her aM, th eae Sew fea, ‘fra He se? (?8"F00] This formula is also applicable fof circles. where decrease % of radius is given. cae ga & fire st wei et seat Fae were oh Sh Rule 6: If the length, breadth-and height of a cuboid are increased by a%, b% and c% respectively, then, Increase% in volume “fe fave wane a targa en Sere A HRT: 2%, b% WM 0% wh gfe at or ah gee Stem B fro fire tafe eh? ab sbebea , abe 100” Goof, Decrease/ 4% Jv beet os Increaseséafsh -| Rule 9: If every side of cube is increased by a%, then increase % in volume cafe fat aa at wee oT FH aN TET A eee TTT free af a af a), increase %/@fa% [oeridece ls This formula will also be used in calculating increase in volume of sphere. where increase in radius is given. weg eS ora A ate & fee oh vei a, Bem st ons ao vi Rule 10: If a% of a certain sum is taken by Ist man and b% of remaining sum is taken by 2nd man and finally c% of remaining sum is taken by 3“ man, then if © rupee is the remaining amount then, “afk Pre a a Wee ae Se 8, Foe a APT Yo TET cafe en & gen Hr afer se ats Sen ae ka vf aaa ¢, ot aren ft ot 100% 100%100x Initial amount/arr FH = Gop — 4) (160-4) (100 ) Final amount/sifea aft (100-2), (100-») ,(100~c), To. “103 -* 100 Rule 11 : If an amount isyinereased by a% and then again increased by b% and finally increased by c%, So, that resultant amounts’ rupees, then, af Us Of as Tea e, Ret bye ae atk oT oH UE 3a 4 afer x oe A oT Initial amount /wes Te 100100100" ‘Gove ay (100-47) (L004) Final.amtount/ sf aff = Initial amount/3r™ $y (800 a) 400+B) 2006) we T0000 T00 Rule 12: If the population/cost of a certain town/ article, is P and annual increament rate is 1%, then. / cafe feet mevarg sat serene Pet, an we we 1% FH xaatt at (i) After ‘t’ years population cost sities @/Initial amount io e cei ae eon = (1455) (ii) Before ’ years population cost P ‘toad wed saaemat = {1 r 100, Rule 13: Ifthe population /cost of a town/article is Pand it decreases/reduces at the rate of 1% annually, then, cafe fret mevag sat seers PE Ben aE 136 weet a xamhtd (i) After ‘’ years population/cost g RAKESH YADAV READERS PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTDRule 14: On increasing/ decreasing the cost of a certain article by x%, a person can buy ‘a’ kg article less/more in ‘y’ rupees, then fc ay a Fe x AEH HIE wa Rs. 'y aa fest am ay SHeae Gite aaa t, at (5) om [Negative sign when decreasing and initial cost/wavT a (HY HI) oe * Wwe positive sign when increasing] fis set = ggg DRM fre ws fac aen T fag gfe fey at &h Rule 15: If a person saves ‘R’ rupees after spending x% on food, y% on cloth and 2% on entertainment of his income then, RR a wen ST TH, HE YH TT 2 TE San ont maa Ro TT ae a 100 iW0=(e#y =) Rule 16: The amount of acid/milk is x% in “M’ litre mixture. How much water should be mixed in it so that percentage amount of acid mille would be ¥%? iM atze feo a x% arravee 21 ee fo Pare get Frama ary fe fart sravgu St ToT yo th we? MG-y) y Monthly income /"™f# 31% = xR :, Amount of water/ <4 1 Wr = Rule 17: An examinee scored m% marks in an exam, and failed by p marks. In the gameyexamination another examinee obtained n% marks and passed with q more marks than minimum, then, Um water ier dm sie Gag ap set S TH A sre ister a a ott were nd sie are ¢ we AEE a QT ae 8 sini wont, ah 100 (ps Gn (p49) Rule 18 : If ah examination, a% candidates failed in Maths and \b% candidates failed in English. If c% candidate failed in both the subjects, then, erat sitar Fa Famed ata gen b% Prat sts sate da 1 fe 0% faust dal Perel sats ta (i) Passed candidates in both the subjects/@+) farrat 1 acini famiiat wt em = 100-(a+b-c)% Percentage of candidates who failed in either subject /fret sf us fara a sa ah ad saferal afta = (a +b—)% Maximum iatks yt = (i) RAKESH YADAV READERS PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD 5 Rule 19 : In a certain examination passing marks is a%, If any candidate obtains ‘b’ marks and fails by ‘c’ marks, then, frat ster 8, seis ays th a aie fara bate or tae ‘et sia @ anges ao 100(b#e) Rule 20: In a certain examination, ‘B’ boys and ‘G’ girls participated, b% of boys and g% of girls passed the examination, then, Percentage of passed students of the fotal students/ ‘eat wien 4B! eat wen 'G! aefech 3 aU Aes bes TES TT we Bef we wien Hal ee, ae a seit ; Bxbx Ge ferent fee ( “4 } Rule 21: If a candidatelgot.A% votes in a poll and he won or defeated by x’ votes, then, what was the total no, of votes which wa casted in poll ? cafe om sateen a Tae HAM ate fit gen ae x ate a aT wre at, 3a gaa Fe fwd ae we? . Total marks /@e a = sox 100x Total ionatyotes apa eA eM = TEE ay 100-24 Rule 22: Ifa number ‘a’is increased or decreased by b%, heh the new number will be ene") xa fate ft ween ‘a! Jes by warm wer eS aE a een et Important results a a BT 0% B agra ore faa a AT > 10+10«10%=11 20+ 20 x 20% = 24 30 + 30 x 30% = 39 40 + 40 x 40% = 56 50 + 50 x 50% = 75 60 + 60 * 60% = 96 70+ 70x 70% = 119 80 + 80 x 80% = 144 90 +90 x 90% = 171 100 + 100 x 100% = 200 a a Bt 0% 8 wer aa ta aA > 10-10% 10% =9 20-20 x 20% = 16 30-30 « 30% = 21 40 - 40 x 40% = 24 50 - 50 x 50% 60 - 60 x 60% 70-70 x 70% =21 80 — 80 x 80% = 1690-90 « 90% = 9 100 - 100 x 100% = 0 Rule 231 Ifthe present population of a town is P and the population increases or decreases at rate of R,%, R,% and R,% in first, second and third year respectively. then the population of town after 3 years/2f fet wee at ser PH aT TIT R, %, R,% MTR, WATT wed, eet ste dat a od agit ¢ at, ae st Sra 3 R R R& wan -(ix4} (2 &)}(2 8) ‘+n used when population increases ‘4 Fee SATS FET HE FT is used when population decreases I Tene AEST Wet We aTT ‘The above formula may be extended for n number of youre, Population after ‘n’ years/ Ft Wer wree in’ wa eae OD Sn aH Ss Fae ot fear on weer, R R R -(t (+8) (8 ‘wire af ar at oe oats aa afs x100 view = ws safer ar fron ot ~ STH *100 sunfire = When a number x is increased or decreasechby Y¥%e) then the new number will be Rule 24 : fare Ben (x) # EO where (y%) aes Seay eH ech &, at at den fs apt aa aa st Bate - > (i) Increase (new numbers weg = MO? 4 (i) Decrease (new number) gre wen wen = O24 x > — When there is any ineffas@ in the value, a posi- tive (+) sign is used andiwhen there is a decrease, a negative () sigh is USed. /3e0 9 af a we ware PROFIT AND LOSS When a person is purchased or sale of an item, then the profit or loss of some amount of money is called profit and loss. wa hd ochg Pret eg aH te a, aha Ee NTT ar og a gran aia t, v8 a ew as sik ah wea 1 (+) fa oem wa BS oe aco () fag aT HIT eet BI Rule 25: When the value of an object is first changed by a% and then changed (increased or decreased) by 1b%, then net effect /afe feet tiem FAR: a% 4 b% aeons (ait ar fg) fre orem é, at get sree Ae where ARTA jd), ~ [eae 700 > Net effect is a increase or b decrease according to the + ve of-ve sign, respectively of the final result,/'a' 3 'b' # fag Sra wafs ei gt seen we fined ti af # fae + a apt erg) Fax ar sin aed 1 If two numbers are chafigedlby a% and b% re- spectively, then the above formula is also used to find the total or met percentage change in the product of those twonliiabers. /2% @ densi # em: 2% % b% Fae, Fee ara t, at oy SH Sensi apres 3 get Sar He fers aera ara CH # fire oh ‘etag, as WaT foray or 1 Basic Formula 1. _PABBoekbnsumetion = Expenditure /yFa «wy = wt 2. (Gross Income - Income tax = Net Income. Bee ona — 504 = YHA Venn digram nA oB) n(AuB) = n(A) + n(B) n(n) n(AvByO) = n(A)+n(B}+n(C) ~ n{AnB) - n(BnC) — a(CnA)inlAn BoC) 5. Income = Expenditure + Saving. /39a = ad + 737 ‘Time * wages = Earning/ #0 x #7 = 377 CHAPTER wa siz at 02 Cost Price/#4 YF%:- The cost price of an article is the price at which that article is bought, it is de- noted by CP. /Freh eq = #4 HEU ae HET ei # ra we ag FH wig at a CPR frets we 1 > RAKESH YADAV READERS PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD> Overhead Expenses/Twtert-The expenses incurred in bringing the purchased goods to the point of sale and its maintenance are called overheads ex- penses. (Std x aq at fiat Ha aw or on see TE vera fru ny we a sutra rd th ‘Note:- Profit or loss is always on the cost price. ste: orm a wife wet HA HEE (Cost Price) tet Fl > Selling Price/fa#a 4F4:-The selling price of an article is the price at which that article is sold, It is denoted by SP, /fare eq 1 Fra apa a apa fre 5 ay aaa #1 va spa frets ea #1 > Mark Price:- The price which is written on the ar- ticle is called marked price. fea ea oC fore Hen #, 8 o aS A Note:- Discount is always given on marked price. Sie ae wh seg eH Feet aT th Profit:- When an article is sold at a price higher than its cost price, the situation is said to have a profit on the article. aa wa fret ey a se wa eT ates Hea sar, at ge Res a eg se a Se wer eT eI Cost price < Selling price then Profit ae < fw Aa a aH cP Loss:-When an article is sold at a price less a) its cost price, then this situation is said € bela Joss on the article vfs aa Fret eg a wee aa a a aH ET Ca 2. ate Reta @t eq oh Bt a eh Cost Price > Selling Pricesthem\Loss ap > fart Tae CP>SPEL Some Important Formula related to Profit and Loss are itt ait Uy aTenh ae Tey aT CP (ea a — a AEA C.P- SPR = 4 yea - Fears ° 100 BSP soo) ( 0 tn (SREP 00) 5 a [ 9 space (222%) cp (ILE 100} 100 ° SP * (00-1) ‘Some Important Results of profit and loss iw att af & qe eet ator If two articles are sold at same price each at Rs. x one ata profit of y% and other ata loss of y% then. cafe 2 age OH IPT x EE oer BH aT y% St TET a at ye ah oa y a ‘Two article sold for rupees z each. On one, there is again of x% and on the other, there is a loss of y%. What is the overall gain or loss percent. Sagat a a wei wi 2 wee SA ae af SHS er ag He Rai Ah OH Hert te PT ys BT aT ‘dt faster a fa fra re en See es EL V6 (RH y) +2xy 200+x+y If the value is positive then Iwill be profit percent, and if negative then it Will be loss percent. af are rere BP aOR wheal ee aren: et at att sie am ‘Aman sells his items at a profit/loss of x%. If he had sold it for Rs. R more, he would have gained/ loss y%, then wr Se ares aga x6 F cae He aa 21 oe Feed R ofiew we A dat ai at aa yo UT eat ¢, Fx Loss Overall Profit and Loss % CP of items + when one is profit and other is loss. ‘ama ae aN ate gaa aI a when both are either profit or loss. asa dei am ar a Iftwo Items are bought at same price each as Rs. x one at a profit of y% and other at a loss of y% then. af equ, HTH He x BHR en Tas a aT y9G oe AE ai fs y% ES oT at No Profit. No Loss Ifan article is sold for Rs. X, the loss is as much as the profit is if itis sold for Rs. Y, then the cost, price fart aay Xe a a we ae A ee fe YE a tet eam tier @, ah wa eT 2 Ifthe profit earned by selling an article for Rs.x is nn times the loss incurred by selling it for Rs.y, then the cost price of the article cafe Fret eg a) x8 aha ora er a ys. Hah ea anne, dag ame RAKESH YADAV READERS PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD 7© Ifcost price of article x = selling price of article y, then percent prof or loss/& x 4g #1 #4 54 -y weg fw aE ah free as sem af = ~— 2x10 y Conclusion +ve then Profit, -ve then loss fred rere eh ah ene een, arora oh a et © On selling x articles the profit or loss is equal to selling of y articles, then/'x #3] 1 4 oH 7 ay aq at ae Se, y 100 yx100 xtY Profit% = 1 Loss % = * If the value of percent profit by selling an article for Rs x% is equal to the cost price, then the cost price of the article is /Pret Wy #1 x96 8. Hay 8 aH “ae ar er TT a er Ew, YT eT = 10x25 -50 # If the percentage of loss incurred by selling an ar- ticle for Rs. x is equal to the cost price, then the cost price of the article/ fart aq 41 x8. 9 aw ae cat fea wif 1 A we AST ST a at ay TT WEF = 10x V5=¥ +50 «Ifa shopkeeper sells an article at its cost price by using a false weight of x gram instead of 1 kilo- gram, then his percentage profit is/3mnm #if gar7<1 1 fasta at Ome WE com AT BE ae TTS A A ear #] sed wa Hea oh aaa @, fl sue afer aD 100 100 ‘The discount which is gigén/at fhe time of selling the article is called discount. aqhgt aaa wr st WE a a & wear weet 21 () D=M.P- Siege S sien ae — Pa M.P = SP+ D/sitha yea = fara ya + ae S.P 5 | than, . roo | an. PT Rscr a, fe 5200) |, fp SOO and, Pxt | ane PXR . ., Principal x rat@etime So, Amount = Principal st oy, Ro ERT] . 100 + If simple interest ig calcultedofPaitferent bases ike (te eran a a Ha MNT Te aT Te Rate(r) Time(t) 1, Annually /=1fi %% — tyears 2. Half yearly /s1@aia, 5% ‘tx2years 3. Quarterhiifear/ fare arta: 5% 4 years. 4, Monthly 71 a 12 years + Ifthere are distinct rate of interests for distinct time peri- ods, Samara ae raf yw Fe + Rate for Ist t, years/Wa t, 44 # fem XR, % + Rate for 2nd t, years/3 t, TF fe > R,% Rate for 3rd t, years/atat t, a # fou XR, % Then, total SI for (t, + t, + t,) year/fwe P(R,t, +R,t, +R,t,) Too The difference between the SI for a certain sum P, deposited for time T, at R, rate of interest and an other sum P, deposited for time T, at R, rate of inter- est 9/504 BY R, TT, we fee a Me Peas cafe P, & fare ara or eR, BET TT, wT AT swan at ng Get ohe P fre ane aaa he ste BRT PRT, 100 Ifa certain sum P becomes nities of itself in t years on Simple Interestythen the rate percent per annum is/2f Us Ffefae OF rere oma ta ea atin a et ome 8, aie aera 1 (-1) (a-1) 7 - (tyr) aes fea SI sI= R% = xqoorhand, T= 100% Ifa certain sum Pebecome n, times of itself at R,% rate andn, times of itself at R,% rate, on SI then, afk Ug Faftaa afer, 9% CC Fn, TAT RR et ah, 7 a a td -1) (a,-1) Rei ay adhe oa) Af Simple Interest (SI) becomes 'n’ times of principal Px n, then/a ato Ie, IRM in IT A time rate If an amount (A) becomes 'n’ Pie then/afe HE fra (A) Ffean afr (yan gaa ant é 48 SP) A {n=1)x100 ({n=1)x100 time and tim rate If the difference between two simple interests (Sl) is a’ calculated at different annual rates and times, then principal (P)is/3%-@ eer aaa # a siete TT samara as ea she ware we wt a #, aN PY A ax100 (diff. inate) x(difl.intime) Ifa sum amount to x, in tyears and then this sum amount to x, in t years. Then the sum is given by cafe aid aft ta A x, A eh & she fine ae fe ta x, @ sit 21 aa (Diff.inamount)<100 (Change ininterest Rate) x time imes of certain sum Rate P 10 RAKESH YADAV READERS PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTDIf SI received from all 3 parts are equal, then /@& 3 + Ifa sum with simple interest rate, amount to x’ (a) int, yearsand'y int, years, then/@% SMT 2X spf @ MTOM mar _BAR Wa Hi, a caret aft t, a ae oft t, a By eh ont ft — bp, Py :P, xt, - yt, Rh nt tty hou o + Ifsimple interest is ¥ of principal amount and rate of interest and time is equal then, /af& amore as ag aft a1 > ste era at ct she are aaa th ‘Time = Rate 100 y * Ifa sum (P) becomes amount (A,) at r % in t years on SI, Then the difference between the amount, (A) ifthe P is lent at (r+ 1)% for t years is:/7% #1 IEPA (P),r% BEA Ca TTT aT FRAT (A,) ves rer & ot eras oft (P) (r+ 1) BA aT ee arere aaa. aPTE Aa EE UAT (A) a siee- Print 700 + Ifa sum P' divided in 3 parts ie. P,, P,, P, and then each part lent at r,%, 1%, 7% Fates Tor ‘itn t, years respectively at simple interest and “afk fre Beer 'P' a at aH Le. P,P, PALME Rr, 1% 1% FRA ty, ty tH Pe MTT aT aE eT rat @, att lDifference(A, ~ A,) = COMPOUND INTEREST Compound Interest (GN): Thiginterest on a loan or de- posit calculated based ofboth the intial principal and the accumulatedjinterest from previous periods and it is denoted by ‘Cl weg marae FE A AT TAT aT TTT ATT 3 she Reach Rafah aaa eae SiS smore we at ot tthe 8 cr am frets faren aren #1 Abbreviations tae + CI: Compount Interest/=#afs =r oP Principal "71 +A Amount/fiat + R/r : Rate/® T/L: Time/aer RAKESH YADAV READERS PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD If amount (P + Sl) received from all 3 parts are equal, then /2f% 3 "rif @ fear (P+ SI) WAR we, T T T 100+ t 100+Ht 100+Rt If interest on principal (P) at r%/Simple interest rate is about to be given in {t) yéars) Then the amount of each instalment af HEH ae 9 BOTT oat See tet HY feat a aren @, ot uct wu free aha [P,P :P5 Px100 rita) Each equal faistalient = |100 x¢+ ‘Do find the rate of interest under current deposit plan /aar on eho 3 er aa ] If compounded is calculated on different bases like cafe aati ara at ern Pair omelet et tH 1Rate(r) Time(t) 1. Annually /artier % — tyears 2. Half yearly/ai sR Ze tayears 3. Quarterly year /frmé =e 5% tx4 years 4, Monthly / afer pe 12 years > If there are distinct rate of interests (r) for dis- tinct time period i.e. (fe TaM-aTam waa arate Fe, SAT -M A 2, Fa Rate for 1 year/5m #4 Feu 1,% Rate for 2" year fina a # fem = — 1,% Rate for 3" year/@at wi # fara = — 1,9 and soon then, /3it sti za 7 a, pos 700 soon rect ay neo oad) is and, Cl= A-P. pate aoa Farrer wa Ren a Ba at a, Jor-efs +35) ae oo! |!*i00 Ifan amount becomes 'n’ times in't' times period at the rate of compound interest then, time taken to becomes 'n® times for the same amount is equal to years, (a Pifrga Wg wats ara nad a eed ee oe, Age Be ne 4 Ya aren wea [c/w Example:- An amoufit bécoimes double in 3 years on compound intefestaThén in how many years it will become 8 fimemof itsel/ae we Firar ae eats om gam Gerd mop a ort tate ee 8 TUR ifs are aT? = 8@23 3*3=9 years Differenge between Cl and SI on a sum 'P at | [em] :, Time rate of r% 1. For 2 years is: srt principa« [22 R 1st = Principal x [E) orp x [ 85) _ (€1-81)x100%100 and p= (1S) 100100 12. 2. For 3 years is rst = Principal « [Rt } foe Rate HSI = Principal * | 79 | 100 or, CI- SI= P| (7o0) (5-60) Ifa sum 'P' becomes 'n’ times of itself in 'v years on Cl, then/afe wr Faftan 'P, wage aI ATH Fed ene amt, &t wx [a'-1}c200 Acertain sum at CI becomes n'timein,, year and ‘mn’ times int, years, then pe Bite a args =r wet ae a ed an 7 att, Web a a TH A oe & [= If on compourfthintéfest, a sum becomes Rs. A in'ty years @H@RSPB in 't,’ years then, /a% wars rt ee TAT! era BA ETE a ot ah, aT Yea a wt ea (Be fi) “Way t, = 1, then R% = [Z—1 100% (8) tet, -t, = 2 then Rv = | FE—1 100% (iii) ft, -t, =n, then R% |yq ot 200% Where n is a whole number ari nw pi vere Rffective/Suecessive rate in Compound Interest ware a amgte wart For 2 years/at are & fere:— (a) Irate of interest in Ist year is x% and in 2nd year is y%, then effective rate /waré = -[pey~ he Interest rates fo emember lord yr] OFS yr zom% | 007% 0.03% 09% 5.16% | 0.6% 025% om fae | a 33. 5% 225% | s2.0875% 20% a | ra8% 625% Josaiasy | aoias os | nie7% | 29.7% RAKESH YADAV READERS PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD(b) Ifrate is same in both years, then/a oi ara #1 = wr a, 7 effective rate/#a = [2 ' ah For 3 yearsfitt aa & fare (a) Irate is x%, y% and 2% in 1* year, 2% year and 3 year respectively, then/™& Wa wa, Eat we ste et wet at 2%, y% 3 2% 8, a effective rate/Srdt < (xy tyz+ 2x) ee 100 "10000 If rate is r% for each 3 years ‘af weap 3 UT Ft rH % -|i-vea- ©) ae or 00 * Gooy | Effective rate/wedt =|" + 1. Golden Ratio of Cr: + 2ycars = 2 + Syears + dyears=4 56:4 :1 NINN NINN and soon > Difference between C18 SI/ Cl ait S1% ara a aie: 1 Ifr= 5, t= 3 years, then p=@. So, I ycar 2" yarn 3 year si @ & a ca fog _sraratl bitjg—> 0 a 2atl Id.) {d.) (2d,+d, #1 R%) Chi “cr-st cist forist for 2nd for 3rd year year year Now weknow, (i) CI-Sl for 1 year is always 0 and Cl = SI for 1* year (ii) C1=SI for 2 years is d, or a (iii) Cl-SI for 3 years is 34, + 1% of d, or Sat] Now we can say the ratio for 3 years of (CI - Some General Results 1. Sum Amount a tyear > a? 2tyear v a? 3tyear v 2, Sum Amount a tyear > cr va we 3.Sum, Amt. (ay 2228" (By ) Sum tbyear Amt. 4 PS (8) Sum next t year Amt ay Besttyens “ey 4 3 years, then P= x mT year 2% year ex iment peda) = feeay Cl of 3rd year = (xt? INSTALMENT / fase > fa sum'P is borrowed at R% annual Cl which is to be paid in ‘n’ equal annual instalments includ- ing interest then, /4f@ we Ufa 'P #1 RY% afte wags ara ge se fever aoe &, fare rar war fen! TAT after fared & fern arn @, at () forn=2, each annual instalment/wem ahi fret P 100_],7_100 Too+R!'li00+R! (i) forn=3, Each annual instalment /wete afte fire (iii) forn=x, Each annual instalment/3e fie fare P (Gar| SI) and principal is | RAKESH YADAV READERS PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD 100 ],[ 1007" F100 Too-R|*lT00+R! *|T00+R Where x is a natural number/3ei x UF Wefrs Fem 2 13]amazon wee) TAP ON BOOK TO BUY NOW ASSENT Paid kers @ Flipkart TAP ON BOOK TO BUY NOW gd Pgas4 RSs ©)RATIO AND PROPORTION arated Us BATA Ratio:-The comparative relation between two amounts /Quantities of same type is called Ratio. gare: Us A wan at a afk Sts qerrere eel a saa ari 1 Fis the ratio of ato bis written as a: band read “ais to’, where 'a' is called the antecedent and'b is called the ‘consequent’. foam ta ab soa a be waa fre ara t atk va bY wr ope vera, ae ad Yea er ee a ‘by # ‘ofereh’ wer aret @1 Ratio always occurs between same units. srqara iter wry gag & ta er fh as/92 - Rupees : Rupees /#4 : 67 gram : gram/37R : a kilogram : kilogram Peete : festa minutes : minutes/fvz : frre Hour : Hour ete. /W2 : Wat aA: B (ert 33) (fata Ixcy 2p? qthen x and qare called extrem, y and q are called mean./ @ x: yg: pq tt x 3h q sera am seard & vey ait p mea aed Product of extreme = prodyebofigean / TEI = #1 a a TT ie, xeanyep Definition of different typée.of ratio/fafi=r wart seqara at afta (A) Mixed ratiofttsea Sere Let x: y and{Ptpg P8 two ratio then mixed ratio is wr vifamac : Y(@IR pq a ase # at fata aaa e kiya Duplicate Ratio/ garde aq ‘The mixed Ratio of two equal ratio is called the duplicate Ratio/? war saudi # fia oe = qt segura aa & Let Ratio is pq it's duplicate ratio p* : @?, a ayaa p:q? waar gets ag t pg, 8 14 CHAPTER 06 (C) Subduplicate ratio/wageiiz aqua: The square root of a certain ratio is called its subduplicate ratio. The subduplicate ratio of p: a= yp: Va magetée agra fe fier agua ag sam wage segura weer 21 wageiée agra p:q¥= Jp: Ve Triplicate Ratio/fefrap aya The cube of a certainftatio i called Triplicate Ratio /e fifera sega a WDA seqE eer t1 The Triplicate Ratiqotpiag' 377 p : q #1 = p?: q? (©) Subtriplicate Ratio/wafzfeéz ara The cube f8bt OP a certain ratio is called subtriplicate ratio./W Fifer awa # wy a ‘wafghtese arqaa Ser art #1 ‘Thesubtriplicate of ratio p : q/p: q axa a1 sufeerte mel Oa {R), tiverse ratio or Reciprocal Ratio/Z2 3qwa WT atria orga Reciprocal of anteedent and consequent. / Tad att feos 1 SF Reciprocal or inverse ratio of p: q/p:q #1 4 wreia aryTa Loa ita + Foret] encom > Proportion/ BATA. when two ratio are equal to each other then they are called proportional as wag argia wm Tet Saree aha 2 oh oe BTU eT wnt a:b=c:dthen/7 a,b,c é&d are in proportion/ wage #7 or arbnerd eg 3:7= 12:28 then we write/fir 7H feraa #3: 7s: 12: 28 + Directly Proportional. /#i arqutire Ifx-= ky, where kis constant/2 x= ky, 3 kc fore then we say that x is directly proportional to y. IFit is written as follow. aa wy eed tf x,y & waged t1 aon we fs ee ‘foram 7a #1 © = ey RAKESH YADAV READERS PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD+ Inversely Proportional/2qararqartt k k ifx~ 5, where k isa constant./a@ x= 5, et k ww arm 21 ‘Then we say that x is inversely proportional to y, it is written as wa ae é fe x,y & Qo twa ee ver frat wt + It does not change the ratio, when we multiply or divide antecedent and consequent of the ratio by a same non-zero number as ae agra et corer, reo eet on Fi ed okt sua 3 vorrerey we Fas dens eo gas bxe ac:be =a:b + What should be added to all of a, b, ¢, d so that these become proportional respectively?/a, b, ¢ wih Sg sie ome fs aa: Bs He? Let x Should be added cif x aig atx ctx bex® dex + Invertendo facture ‘The proportion in which antecedent Ath consequent quantities change their placestis called invertendo fae segs oe 9c fen are are ea weer, a rer eT eT Invertendo/fieirga a: b=c:disb:a=d:c ace ba on 2-5 then 2 = + Alternendo/arizt Ifa: bc: disa propértion'tKen its/4 a: b::¢ dw wagya @ a graT Alternedo is a <@ipbad/aeetat tase: bid + Componendo/agya Ifa: b::¢: dis@Proportion /w sara t then odfmponendo is /araimgara # a+b) :b:: (c+ d):d + Dividendo/Sergra dis a proportion/a& a:bicid then/at ao then dividendois a-b:buc-—did & sieagna a-b:bic-did. th + Componendo and dividendo/@rwy77 Ifa:b::¢:disa proportion. a a:b:c:d Faqaa td atbra-buctdie-d RAKESH YADAV READERS PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD > Concept of proportion (FHrYua wi sauTeTT ) ‘There are 4 types of Proportion. /aqwa ¥ 4 5aR rare Fara (i) First Proportional/a#m argu x b xianbie First Proportional tam wargafre |x (ii) Mean Proportion /=4 egal a:xix:b 2.2 koe (iii) Third Proportion /qretetgre a:bibix 2. ie t= 2x Qe (iv) fourth Proportion a" aaa arbie:x at? bed oF Law of Ratio/argwa a7 fram 1m v 1 WV uxt or 1V noe BW a) - Mm Lely (ii) 1 Ub (iy) IV 7 Li LIV © a= Vv TW Li LIV Wi) Tar > nv 15]> How to find Ratio () IWxeAsyB A:Bey ix Lot U) for forB (i) IfxA =yB=20 (i A:Bi Ce yX2 xxZ: xxy ForA ForB For (iii) pAsqB-rc=sD A: B: C :D = qxrxs :pxrxs: pxqxs :pxqxr 4 1 ! ! ForA ForB FerC Ford SOME EXAMPLES, TO FIND RATIO Ist method A:B=4:5,B:C=3:2,A:B:C=? A :Bo:c 4:5 35 3 <3 32 9x3:5xa:5%2 12: 18: 10 Ind method » A:B 12: 15: 10 (b) A:B=4:5,B:C=3:2, PD =a: 2 A:B:C:D=? Ist method A:B:C:D ® 8525 x x xe 2 3<—O9O>2 11D @ 12 “iS To_20 3. Und method ln oe jas aibie:d = 15:30:40:8 + Hfanamount Ris the divide between A and Bin the ratio of m:n then (iii) cafe uw aft Rat A sit BS att m feenfaa fara art %, at Part of A xR Difference of part of A and B where m>n If the ratio of A and B is m : n age difference in their share is 'R’ units then af A sie Ba qa m : nf SESH feed sia 'R’ a 2, at, (i) Part of A= aor (ii) Part of B= S2—« RR (iifthelsum of parts of A and B= xR were m>n CONCEPT OF DEGREE/fssit at saat sp3q then 5—7q degree of p and q in numerator and denominator is same which is 1 fed my, wa a p otk q a1 fest ain att we aa tH th XT43x3 _ 44 35 BxA9L2x9 55 3x49—21 42 ~aar in this question p has 3 degree and q has pra a P 8 q 2 degree in numerator, while p has 1 degree and qhas 4 degree. fet me wer H, pHa 5 fest & atk q a a 2 fash & set Aaah ra pé ae cw she q& aw 4 fash It can not be determined unless we have not the real value of p and q (re et fen aan aa a p Seg a sree 16 RAKESH YADAV READERS PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTDIf the ratio of present age and the ratio of age after in' year is given then present age factor is given by: cafe a ary eT TEA Ten! HE TE oT BT STAT fem ra a, a ates ang aT eT (Dif in 2nd ratio) xtime RR argu sit x Dif. im eross product ofrate! Segue = a PATS A If xis the present age factor, and the diff. in cross product of ratio is zero then. af catart ang ar pes tae argue ata res aT ain wt a, TimerrRr Diff.of ratio/SeGaa A SR If the ratio of “Some year ago” and after some year’ is given and before 't,' years the ratio of ages of A and B was a:b, cae age ret wee" wen aS a are wT eA Fe eT aot, we wea, Awe Bat ong Tague a: bam A Present age/#dHrt 3174 = ax+ t, B Present age/#4urt 31 = bx + t, after t, years, the ratio of their age will be ¢ : d 1, 794%, ATT BA HY FT EMI C: Dem (Diff. in 2nd ratio)x(t,+,) ‘** Diff. in cross products of the ratio, aR AGIA Hr HA x(t, +t,) x aaa a wie Pee FT Sie When, the difference. in ratio equal, then wa aga wr aia SET Zi, ttt ** Diffof ratio/ SEqat sy SI (Parnership’ aera) ‘Bimple Parteiship: ¢“Compoanet ” {owe meat | | Partnership | aie aaa AGE CHAPTER ag 07 4. If the product of present age is given, then aie adam arg a TR fea Ee, oe [Frolaa of ag of wo pom xa [Sete # or 3 Vndoa orion Tre 5. If sum of present age and ratio ofthe age is given then, present age factor cafe art ang =r ahr ae Tg Segue gan @ ah der 1 1 ETA ‘Sum of present age/artragira, Tat Sumof ratio/ara grr 6. If the ratio of agesand diff. in ages is given then Ae iy TT AAMT kee fea. GT 8, ex Dif eee gO 1 sat *° ith in nliggeyta a1 are 7. Ifratio of age of A & B was x: y'n' years ago naire Ask Be og a MT xy a (illgthe present age ratio is ab then /afe we 3 1 sam ab dat 2 ) Irafter'm’ years, then ratio of ages will be p : then/ fe 'm a4 me, 31g WT IN p:g ET, a xtntm p yentm ~q 8. Ifnyear before, the ratio of ages of A, Band C was xy: then the ratio of their present ages is afer! wt ved, A, Bae C at ong #1 SIUM x:y 22 at svat art ong ar ga xeniytnigtém 9. Ifafter m years, the ratio of ages of A and B will be x: y. then the ratio of their present ages is. a mat aK, Aon Bat ang aT ag x: y eT a ‘sre dart ong a7 gaa em PARTNERSHIP CHAPTER wert 08 Simple Partnership/At# WIBATH:- If all partners in- vest different capital for same time period or same capi- tal for different time period. /3% eet WRK TH A wT srafir fry srem-arem eft at sremn-arem aa arate Sia hai a frre we Fi RAKESH YADAV READERS PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD 47]