Chapter 2 and 6

Trigonometry

By Joseph Gameil
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Right angled
Trigonometry
01 History of Trig 02

03 Non Right Angled 04 Trigonometric Graphs

Trigonometry
History Of
Trigonometry

01
History of Trig
Trigonometry has a rich history that dates back to ancient civilizations.
The earliest known application of trigonometric principles can be
found in ancient Egypt around 2000 BCE, where they were used for
architectural and surveying purposes. Similarly, the Babylonians in
Mesopotamia around 1800 BCE employed trigonometry in their
calculations of land measurements and building construction.

The Greeks made significant contributions to trigonometry, with

Hipparchus being recognized as the "Father of Trigonometry." His work
in the 2nd century BCE involved the creation of a trigonometric table,
laying the foundation for the field.
Right Angled
Trigonometry

02
Sin, Cos and Tan Ratios
As we know from before there a
three different trigonometric
ratios:
Sin = opp/hyp
Cos = adj/hyp
Tan = opp/adj
An easy acronym to remember is
SOHCAHTOA

To Find a Side of A triangle you

must equal the ratio to the sides.
To find an angle you must inverse
ration the sde to get the angle.
Worked EX:
Exact Trig Values
There are special angles in trig that give you exact values from the triangles below:
Bearing + W.E
Bearings in trigonometry are an essential way to measure certain angles and distances
through the use of the compass. There are two types of ways bearings are measured:
1. True Bearing → This is an angle measured from north and it is written in the form of
the angleT; for e.g 249°T.
2. Compass Bearing → This is an angle that is measure between two different poles
such as N249°W or S249°E
Worked Example:
3D Trig + W.E
3D Trigonometry is an application of trigonometry testing and challenging how we see
different questions and objects. It includes former and current trig method to use with just a
different viewing point.
● A tip usually is to split the diagram into different triangles in different drawing to view
them in a higher degree of detail.
The Unit Cirle
The Unit Circle is a circle that is used to prove and express Cos = the x coordinate and y = the sin
coordinate
Quadrant of Sin, Cos and Tan
As you should know in an x-y plane there are 4 quadrants. Sin, Cos and Tan have
different sign in each of these quadrants.
In the 1st Quadrant (0<θ<90)
- Sin, Cos and Tan are all positive
In the 2nd quadrant (90<θ<180)
- Sin is positive
- Cos is negative
- Tan is negative
In the 3rd quadrant (180<θ<270)
- Sin is negative
- Cos is negative
- Tan is positive
In the 4th quadrant (270<θ<360)
- Sin is negative
- Cos is positive
- Tan is negative
 03
Non -Right
Angled Trig
Sin Rule
The Sine rule is a rule to be used to find angles or sides of triangles that aren't right angled.
The rule states:

Remember lowercase letters are the opposite

sides to the point which are capital letters.
Worked Example:

If you are still struggling,

here is a useful video!

https://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=bDPRWJdVzfs
Cos Rule + Area of a Triangle
The COS rule is similar to the sine rule as it is also used in non right angled triangles. However there are
2 formulas, one for finding a side and one for finding an angle.
Worked Example:

The Variables change depending on what

you're trying to find.

To Find the area of a triangle with no

right angles the formula is:
 Reciprocal of the ratios + Quadrant Identities
There are many identities to prove certain things.
From the slide before you can use the domains given in each quadrant to find the identities in each on
In the first quadrant, you use the CO Ratio, meaning you with add CO and remove it to get the identity
As we know from before every number except 0 has a reciprocal. This is the same for Sin, Cos and Tan.
1/sinθ = Cosecθ
1/cosθ = Secθ
1/Tanθ= Cotθ
There are the
Identities:
Radians and Degrees
Angles in trig can be expressed in a different term known as radians. Radians are a way of expressing
an angle in terms of pi. This will be handy in the future!

To Convert from Degrees → Radians; you must multiple your angle θ by π/180

To Convert from Radians → Degrees; you must multiply your angle π/n by 180/π
Arc Length and sector area of a circle
ARC Length
We should all know that (θ/360 x 2 x π x r) is
to find the arc length of a circle when given an
angle in degrees.
● However with radians this is different, to
to find the arc length with radians is;
l= θr
Worked Example:
Sector Area of a circle
Similarly as we should know that
(θ/360 x 2 x π x r^2) is to find the area of a sector
when given an angle in degrees.
● However with radian this is also different, to
find the area of a sector with radians is;
Worked Example:
Solving Trigonometric Equations
To solve a trigonometric equation here are some steps:
1. Adjust the domain if needed. For e.g If the original domain was 0<θ<360 and the question
asked for an angle of 2θ, the new domain would be 0<θ<720.
2. Check the quadrants of the question for e,g Sinθ = ½, θ would be in the 1st or 2nd quadrant.
3. Sketch a plane marking the quadrants where the ration would either be positive or negative
4. Find the related angles according to the identity in each quadrant.
5. Simplify to get θ by itself

Worked Example:
Domain

You can determine that

since Tan is positive it is in
the 1st and 3rd quadrants.
Pythagorean identities
These identities come from the unit circle and are essential in solving questions and simplifying
expressions.
04 Trigonometric
Graphs
Information on Cos,Sin and Tan
The period of Sin and Cosine is
2π/k where k is the number before
π in the equation.
Amplitude = The amplitude are
maximum and minimum y values
that they cold go up to.

The period for tanx is is π.

There is no amplitude since the domain is all real x.
The Sine Graph + Translations
The graph of sinx is:
The Cosine Graph + Translations
The graph of cos x is:
The Tangent Graph + Translations
The graph of tanx is:
The Cosec Graph + Translations
The Graph of y = cosec x
The Sec Graph + Translations
The graph of y=sec x:
The Cot Graph + Translations
The graph of y = cotx
Bibliography
● https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Trigonometry
● https://www.khanacademy.org/math/trigonometry/unit-circle-trig-func/pythagorean
-identity/v/pythagorean-trig-identity-from-unit-circle
● https://www2.clarku.edu/faculty/djoyce/trig/identities.html
● https://www.desmos.com/calculator
● https://www.purplemath.com/modules/solvtrig.htm