How we live

We use the present perfect to

describe actions in the past that
are still relevant in the present.

Present Is very important to use the

auxiliar verb “have” in present,
and the past participle of the
perfect verb.

Subject + auxiliar verb + verb in

past participle + complement
 Usage
1. Action or situation started in the
past, that continuous in the present.
I have lived in London since I can
remember

*Note: You still live in there

They haven't She has worked in the
lived here for years. bank for five years.

Have you played the

We have had the same
piano since you were a
car for ten years.
child?
Usage
2. An action made in a period of time
that hasn´t been finished.

She has been to the cinema twice

this week
*Note: the week isn´t finish An
action made in a period of time that
haven´t been finished.
 I have It has rained a We haven't
worked hard th lot this year. seen her today
is week. .
Usage
3. A repeated action in
a unspecific period of
time between the past
and the present.
We have visited
Portugal several
times
 It has
They have seen that
happened several
film six times
times already.

She has visited them We have eaten at that

frequently. restaurant many times.
Usage
4. An action that ended recently. In
which we use “just”
Subject + have + just +
verb in past participle +
complement

I have just finished my work

• Have you just finished work?
• I have just eaten.
• We have just seen her.
• Has he just left?
Usage
5. An action in which the
time is not important.
He has read “war and
peace”
*Note: The important
thing is the result.
• Someone has eaten my soup!
• Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?
• She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.
 Time expressions
Ever:
Never: Already: Yet: Ya
Alguna
Nunca Ya o aún
vez
For:
Just: Since: Ago:
Para,
Apenas Desde Hace
por
Already
• ‘Already' is an adverb used to show that
something has happened early, or
earlier than expected.
• Rules:
1. It is place between 'have'/'has' and the
past participle
2. Sometimes 'already' may come at the end
of the sentence for greater emphasis or to
show greater surprise
3. It may also come in the front position
1. She has already sent an email to the
manager.
2. They've spent nearly a lot of money on
it already.
3. Already, the supporters of the newly elected
president have occupied the streets to celebrate
the event.
Since
• You can use 'since' when you
are mentioning a time or
event in the past and
indicating that a situation has
continued from then until now.
• Rules:
1. 'Since' is used before a time
when something began.
1. I haven't seen Lacy since 2014
2. I´ve lived here since I can remember
3. Maria has worked here since summer
For
• 'For' is used to say how
long something has lasted.
• Rules:
1. 'For' is used before a
period of time: for two years,
for a long time, for a week...
1. I haven´t seen him for two years
2. My mom has dreamed about this for three
years
3. He has slept a lot for five days
Yet
• 'Yet' is used in negative sentences
to show that something has not
happened up to the present time. It
is also used in interrogative forms
to ask if something has happened
up to the present time.
• Rules:
1. ‘Yet’ usually comes at the end of
the sentence.
1. I haven't finished yet
2. Have you finished yet?
3. You haven´t driven your new car yet
4. We haven´t done excersice yet
Just
• 'Just' is used to indicate
that something happened in
the immediate past, that is
a very short time ago.
• Rules:
1. 'Just' comes between
'have'/ 'has' and the past
participle
1. He has just called
2. They have just bought a car
3. Andrea has just made a cake
 Ever/never

They are
Ever: alguna Never: nunca usually use in
vez (+) (-) present and
past perfect.
 Ever

“Alguna vez” It is usually use in Have + subject +

questions ever + verb in past
participle +
complement
Have
you ever been to
Have
Brazil?
you ever ridden
a camel?
Has she ever
written a book?
Never

“Nunca”

It is use in affirmative sentences

Subject + have + never + verb in
past participle + complement
I
have never seen
He
that movie.
has never drunk
Tequila.
You have never
swum in the river.