Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tortora Ch14 2016-YTKo Lecture
Tortora Ch14 2016-YTKo Lecture
Principles of Disease
and Epidemiology
Microbiology, An Introduction
Tortora, Funke, Case
• 病理學是關注於(探討)與病因學、發病機制、對身體結構與功能改變
之效應(作用, 影響)的科學
類白喉桿菌
Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium, Streptococci, Micrococcus
初油酸桿菌 棒狀桿菌 雙球菌 微球菌
眼淚, 眨眼 as barrier
鼻: 葡球菌, 類白喉菌
雙球菌,
乳酸菌, 放線菌,類桿菌,
梭形桿菌, 密螺旋體,
棒狀桿菌, 念珠菌
類桿菌,梭形桿菌,乳酸菌,
腸球菌, 比菲德桿菌, 大腸菌,
腸桿菌, 檸檬酸桿菌, 變形桿菌,
克雷白氏桿菌, 志賀氏桿菌,念珠菌
表皮葡萄球菌
腸球菌,乳酸菌,
類白喉, 假單胞桿菌
克雷白氏桿菌, 變形桿菌
雙球菌,類桿菌,梭狀芽胞桿菌,
念珠菌
陰道滴蟲
• Temperature
• pH
• Available oxygen
• Available carbon dioxide
• Salinity
• sunlight
正常菌相和宿主的關係
• Symbiosis (共生)
• the relationship between normal
microbiota and the host
• “Symbiont” (共生菌)
• Microbial antagonism (頡抗).
• the normal microbiota can prevent
pathogens from causing an infection
Ko lectures slides 2016 29
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
微生物之間頡抗作用平衡得以 保持健康
Microbial Antagonism
Normal microbiota protect the host against colonization
by potentially pathogenic microbe
SYMBIOSIS
• Commensalism (片利共生) :
(片利共生) :
Mutualism (互利共生):
E. coli in the large intestine synthesize Vit K
and Vit B. These vitamins are absorbed into
the blood stream and distributed for use by
body cells.
Parasitism (寄生):
Many disease-causing bacteria
基因重組乳酸菌 治療應用價值:
Use of recombinant LAB to deliver vaccine, antimicrobials, and
digestive enzymes, and their therapeutic value, risk
assessment is under research development.
Ko lectures slides 2016 42
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Opportunistic organisms
(共生關係中的 伺機性生物)
• 例子 :
• Over 700 species of bacteria have been isolated from teeth
• oral streptococci in teeth, pathogens cause periodontal
disease (牙週病)and gingivitis (牙齦炎)have receptors for it,
not on teeth
• 德國醫生1877建立
• 設計一連串實驗步驟,推定出 特定疾病與特定微生物,直
接相關
• 決定出 大部份 細菌性疾病之 causative agent
• Demonstrate anthrax (炭疽病)與 Bacillus anthrax 有關
• 存在 疾病動物血液中,健康動物 則無
• Biological weapon
未知病因
• Alzheimer’s disease (阿茲罕默氏病)
• ulcers (潰瘍)
• Helicobacter pylori (幽門螺桿菌)
判別方式
分類方式
[insert Epidemiology_Occurrence.jpg]
• Human
• Animal
• Nonliving
• Nonliving —
蠕蟲
fomites (病媒)
• Waterborne transmission
• Foodborne transmission
• Airborne transmission
[insert Epidemiology_Transmission.jpg]
(院內感染)
(手術) (截肢)
(菌血症)
(靜脈導管)
[insert Nosocomial_Overview.jpg]
[insert Nosocomial_Prevention.jpg]
• Contributing factors:
• Evolution of new strains
• V. cholerae O139
• Inappropriate use of antibiotics and pesticides
• Antibiotic resistant strains, insects, ticks
• Changes in weather patterns (global warming)
• Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, malaria
Ko lectures slides 2016 119
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs)-2
• Contributing factors:
• Modern transportation
• Chloera, West Nile virus (travelers)
• Ecological disaster, war, expanding human settlement
• Coccidioidomycosis
• Animal control measures
• Lyme disease (deer increase, predator decrease)
• Public Health failure
• Diphtheria epidemic in Soviet Union, 1990
Ko lectures slides 2016 120
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Ko lectures slides 2016 121
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Ko lectures slides 2016 122
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Ko lectures slides 2016 123
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Epidemiology
• The study of where and when diseases occur