QUARTER 1 – LESSON 9

Gerunds & infinitives

To infinitive
1. S + V1 … + to V: Chỉ mục đích ai đó làm gì He went to university to become a lawyer.

2. Đứng sau các ĐT: agree, appear, decide, expect, offer, hope, advise, plan, promise,
refuse, manage, want,… He refused to pay the bill.

3. S + be + adj to V: đứng sau các tính từ chỉ cảm xúc, quan điểm
She was happy to win the prize.

4. S + would like/love/prefer + to V: ai đó muốn làm gì

I would like to see the manager.

5. Đứng sau: too - enough

He's too young to have his own car. He's clever enough to do the crossword.

6. It + be + adj + of someone + to V: ai đó thật làm sao vì đã làm gì

It was generous of him to donate £1,000. (Anh ấy thật hào phóng vì đã quyên góp £1,000.)

7. S + be + the first/second/last/best… + to V
He was the last to come to work.

8. Đứng ngay sau từ để hỏi: S + V … + Wh- + to V

I don’t know what to do. He showed me how to do it.

infinitive
1. S + had better / would rather + infinitive
I’d rather not go out tonight. I'd better stay at home.

2a. Active: A + make/ let / see / hear / feel + B + infinitive

They made him pay for the damage.
2b. Passive: B + be + made/heard/seen + to V
He was made to pay for the damage.

3a. Active: Know – help + to V/infinitive (dùng được với cả hai)

I've never known him (to) be so mean.
3a. Passive: S + be known / helped + to V
She was known to have worked as a teacher.
 Gerunds
1. Dùng như một danh từ Walking is good exercise.

2. Đứng sau các ĐT: admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, continue, delay, deny,
discuss, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive, go (for activities), imagine, involve,
keep (= continue), mention, mind, miss, object to, postpone, practise, prevent, quit, recall,
recollect, report, resent, resist, risk, save, stand, suggest, tolerate, understand,...
They discussed selling the company. “Let’s go jogging!’

3. Đứng sau các động từ chỉ cảm xúc, quan điểm (dislike, enjoy, hate, like, love, prefer)
She likes painting.

4. S + spend/waste + time + Ving

He spends his free time digging (in) the garden.

5. Đứng sau giới từ (preposition)

He left the shop without paying, so he was accused of stealing.

6. S + look forward + to Ving

I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.

7. S + be/get + used to/accustomed to+ Ving: đã quen/đang làm quen với cái gì
I am used to waking up early. (Tôi đã quen với việc dậy sớm).
I am getting used to waking up early. (Tôi đang làm quen với việc dậy sớm).

8. Đứng sau các cụm: I’m busy, it’s no use, It’s (no) good, it’s (not) worth, what's the use of,
can’t help, there’s no point (in), can't stand, have difficulty (in), in addition to, as well as,
have trouble, have a hard/difficult time.
He can't stand being treated like a slave. He had difficulty finding his way back.

V-ing / to V
Khi diễn tả việc ai đó nghe/xem/nhìn thấy một hoạt động nào đó, có thể dùng ‘Ving’ hoặc ‘to V’

- A + hear, listen, notice, see, watch + B + Ving: nhìn thấy một phần hành động
I saw Tim doing his homework.
(I saw part of the action in progress. I didn't wait until he had finished.)

- A + hear, listen, notice, see, watch + B + infinitive: nhìn thấy cả quá trình
I saw Tim do his homework. It took him an hour.
(I saw the whole action from beginning to end.)