Psychology Core Concepts 8th Edition Zimbardo Test Bank Download

Psychology Core Concepts 8th Edition
Zimbardo Test Bank

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Zimbardo TB CH06
Key: Answer, Page, Type, Learning Objective, Level
Type
A=Applied
C=Conceptual
F=Factual
Level
(1)=Easy; (2)=Moderate; (3)=Difficult
LO=Learning Objective
SG=Used in Study Guide
p=page
Zimbardo TB CH06
Multiple Choice Single Select
M/C Question 1
When a child understands that dogs and cats are quite different, the child has formed
a) deja vu.
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
b) an exemplar
c) a prototype.
Incorrect. This refers to the most idea or representative example of a given concept.
d) functional fixedness.
e) concepts
Correct. Concepts are mental groups of similar objects, and in this case, the child is
distinguishing one group (cats) from another (dogs).
ANS: e
Objective=6.1: Evaluate the mental categories of concepts
Topic=Concepts
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 2
Concepts
a) can represent objects but not activities.
Incorrect. As the text notes, a concept can include objects, ideas, or experiences.
This definition is not exclusive of activities.
b) cannot be directly observed by researchers.
Correct. Concepts are mental groupings, not outward objects. Therefore, they can
be inferred, but not observed.
c) are basically the same from one person to the next.
d) interfere with our ability to organize new information.
e) come in exactly two types, visual and auditory.
ANS: b
Topic=Concepts
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 3
Don tells Ray he wants to get a new sports car. Ray immediately understands why, because he is
familiar with the common characteristics of sports cars and knows what makes them different
from family cars. Ray is using mental categories called
a) classes.
b) concepts.
Correct. Ray is using mental categories called concepts, which are ideas that
represent a category of objects or events.
c) attributes.
d) classifications.
Incorrect. Ray is using mental categories called concepts, which are ideas that
represent a category of objects or events. Classifications is not a term used for this
process.
e) exemplars.
ANS: b
Topic=Concepts
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 4
Before enrolling in an abnormal psychology course, Gary’s idea of psychological disorders had
been influenced primarily by talk shows. He expected to hear the same kinds of stories he had
heard on talk shows. What an eye-opening experience the course turned out to be! How would a
cognitive psychologist describe the influence the course had on Gary’s idea of psychological
disorders?
a) Gary learned the value of algorithms.
b) Gary now uses heuristics.
Incorrect. A cognitive psychologist would say that the course altered his concept of
psychological disorders. Heuristics are rules of thumb used in problem solving.
c) The course increased Gary’s ability to use visual imagery.
d) The course altered Gary’s concept of psychological disorders.
Correct. A cognitive psychologist would say that the course altered his concept of
psychological disorders because of the new information presented to him.
e) Gary is using creativity.
ANS: a
Topic=Concepts
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 5
Which is the most likely prototype for the concept of “vehicle”?
a) glider
b) car
Correct. The most likely prototype for the concept of “vehicle” is a car because it is
most familiar to folks today.
c) scooter
d) bicycle
Incorrect. The most likely prototype for the concept of “vehicle” is a car. Bicycles
aren’t as commonly used as cars.
e) skateboard
ANS: b
Topic=Concepts
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 6
Which example would most people take longest to identify as a fruit?
a) grape
b) apple
c) orange
Incorrect. An orange closely matches the prototype of fruit.
d) olive
Correct. Most people would take longest to identify an olive as a fruit because it has
the fewest characteristics of the prototype of fruit.
e) plum
ANS: d
Topic=Concepts
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Difficult
M/C Question 7
The first thing that comes to mind when asked to name an example from a category is called the
a) schema.
b) prototype.
Correct. A prototype refers to the most typical example of a concept.
c) concept marker.
Incorrect. Concept markers are not discussed in this chapter.
d) category marker.
e) exemplar.
ANS: b
Topic=Concepts
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 8
Compared to artificial concepts learned in science and math, natural concepts tend to be
a) easier to learn.
b) very clear and well defined.
c) fuzzy with unclear boundaries.
d) good fits with a rigid classification system.
e) biologically innate.
ANS: c
Topic=Concepts
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 9
A “feathered biped” is the artificial concept of a(n)
a) human.
b) bird.
Correct. An artificial concept is a concept that is defined by rules, such as word
definitions and mathematical formulas. In this case, the feathered biped is the
definition of a bird.
c) penguin.
d) sea horse.
e) animal.
Incorrect. The fathered biped may be an animal, but the more specific answer is a
bird.
ANS: b
Topic=Concepts
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 10
Which of the following is true of prototypes?
a) They are slowly accessed and recalled.
b) They are never used when the critical features approach applies.
c) They are formed on the basis of commonly experienced features.
Correct. The more encounters we have with examples of a concept, the more we
can specify a prototype for the concept in our own minds.
d) The more often they are perceived, the weaker their overall memory strength.
e) They are often based on dictionary definitions.
Incorrect. This would be truer of an artificial concept than a prototype.
ANS: c
Topic=Concepts
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 11
Which one of the following is NOT an artificial concept?
a) the dictionary definition of the word truth
b) Einstein’s theory of relativity
c) your mental image of the Statue of Liberty
Correct. This is based on one’s own unique memory rather than a specified
definition, and thus it is a natural concept.
d) the lyrics to “New York, New York”
e) how to determine the radius of a circle
Incorrect. The formula for this calculation is defined, and thus this is an artificial
concept.
ANS: c
Topic=Concepts
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 12
Deanna reads that horses are a type of animal and that palominos are a type of horse. To
understand this, Deanna will organize these concepts into a
a) script.
b) syllogism.
c) hierarchy.
Correct. This is a set of levels of concepts usually arranged from most general to
most specific.
d) mental set.
Incorrect. This refers to a habitual manner for solving problems.
e) cognitive map.
ANS: c
Topic=Concepts
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 13
Consider the following concept hierarchy: food, desserts, chocolates, ________. The last term
should be
a) brownies.
Correct. This would be the most specific answer that follows the line of this
hierarchy.
b) vanilla ice cream.
c) main courses.
d) side dishes.
e) edible food.
Incorrect. This would be a much more general answer than desserts, so it would not
be the next answer in this hierarchy.
ANS: a
Topic=Concepts
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 14
You ask a student to describe the path to his dorm room. The most likely way in which he will
do this is to
a) recite a rote list of directions he memorized.
Incorrect. He is most likely to walk through a mental image of the path.
b) give you the GPS location of his dorm room.
c) walk through a mental image of the path and describe it to you as he does it.
Correct. He is most likely to walk through a mental image of the path that he has in
his head and describe it to you as he “moves” along it.
d) draw a diagram on a piece of paper and then point out where you should go.
e) none of these answers are correct
ANS: c
Objective=6.2: Recognize that people’s cognitive maps can be vastly different
Topic=Imagery and Cognitive Maps
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 15
When you give someone verbal directions on how to find a classroom in a building, you are
using a
a) prototype.
b) mental set.
Incorrect. This refers to a habitual manner for solving problems.
c) cognitive map.
Correct. This is a cognitive representation of a physical space that is stored as a
visual concept.
d) hierarchy.
e) hindsight bias.
ANS: c
Objective=6.2: Recognize that people’s cognitive maps can be vastly different
Topic=Imagery and Cognitive Maps
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 16
A person whose frontal lobes are damaged (just above the eyes) will be expected to
a) show difficulty in comprehending speech.
b) experience hallucinations.
c) display little response to a particular stimulus.
d) have difficulty in forming a cognitive map.
e) be unable to shift information into long-term memory.
ANS: c
Objective=6.3: Recognize the role of PET scans, MRI, and fMRI in mapping brain
regions
Topic=Thought and the Brain
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 17
On the first day of class, you are likely to do all of the following: find a desk, sit down, listen to
the teacher talk about her syllabus, take out a pen, start taking notes, and not speak very much.
These activities are part of your ________ about the first day of class.
a) algorithm
Incorrect. This is a step-by-step process for solving a given problem that always
works if it is applied correctly.
b) mental set
c) script
Correct. A script is a cluster of knowledge about sequences of events or actions
expected to occur in particular settings.
d) episodic memory
e) heuristic
ANS: c
Objective=6.4: Evaluate intuition as an emotional component of thinking
Topic=Intuition
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 18
Good thinkers possesses which of the following attributes?
a) They are capable of careful reasoning.
b) They make use of effective thinking strategies.
c) They avoid ineffective thinking strategies.
d) They avoid misleading thinking strategies.
e) All of these answers are correct.
ANS: e
Objective=6.4: Evaluate intuition as an emotional component of thinking
Topic=Intuition
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 19
Brad is home when all of his lights suddenly go out. His thought that “this is what happens when
a fuse is blown” would be said to be
a) demonstrating functional fixedness.
b) identifying the problem.
Correct. This is the first step in problem solving, as clearly one needs to know what
the problem is before he or she attempts to solve it!
c) using an algorithm.
Incorrect. This would refer to selecting a strategy for solving a problem, and that
comes after identifying the problem.
d) working backward.
e) evaluating a solution.
ANS: b
Objective=6.5: Report the importance of knowledge, problem identification, and strategy
selection in solving problemsadd objective
Topic=Problem Solving
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 20
Sally is enrolled in a high school geometry course, which she describes as “drawing figures and
figuring drawings.” In a typical class, students draw geometric figures and use a formula to
calculate an aspect of the figure such as its area. Each time Sally uses a formula, she is making
use of what psychologists call
a) heuristics.
Incorrect. Sally is making use of algorithms because the geometric rules always
work. Heuristics don’t guarantee a solution.
b) logarithms.
c) algorithms.
Correct. Sally is making use of algorithms because the rules will always produce a
solution.
d) convergence.
e) divergence.
ANS: c
selection in solving problems
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 21
Talia is looking for her cat by methodically searching each room and then closing the door. She
is using what type of problem-solving strategy?
a) an algorithm
Correct. An algorithm is a set of steps that, if followed methodically, will guarantee
that the correct solution to a problem will be achieved.
b) a heuristic
Incorrect. A heuristic is a rule-of-thumb strategy that does not guarantee the correct
solution to a problem but offers a likely shortcut to that solution.
c) a means-end strategy
d) a hunch
e) a mental set
ANS: a
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 22
One of the reasons that people use algorithms is that they
a) are intuitive and obvious.
b) are flexible because they are not too precise.
c) can solve only certain problems.
d) change over time as we become wiser.
e) will always work if used properly.
ANS: e
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 23
A heuristic is BEST described as a
a) rule of thumb.
Correct. This is because heuristics are general guiding principles for solving
problems, not hard and fast rules.
b) step-by-step procedure.
Incorrect. This describes an algorithm, not a heuristic.
c) time-consuming process that guarantees success.
d) schema.
e) categorization process from general to specific.
ANS: a
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 24
The use of a(n) ________ in problem solving guarantees success, but using a(n) ________ does
not guarantee success.
a) mental set; schema
Incorrect. A mental set is actually a barrier to solving problems, while a schema is a
cluster of related information about objects, ideas, or experiences.V
b) algorithm; heuristic
Correct. Algorithms, when applied correctly, will always lead to a solution.
Heuristics help us save time, but do not guarantee solutions.
c) mnemonic; script
d) retrieval cue; cognitive map
e) prototype; anchoring bias
ANS: b
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 25
An advantage of algorithms over heuristics is that
a) algorithms are much faster.
Incorrect. Generally speaking, heuristics are faster than algorithms.
b) algorithms guarantee a correct answer.
Correct. Algorithms guarantee that if a correct solution is available, it will be
achieved. Heuristics make no such guarantee.
c) algorithms are shortcuts.
d) algorithms use rules of thumb.
e) heuristics make solutions more difficult to find.
ANS: b
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 26
An advantage of using a heuristic over an algorithm is that the heuristic
a) insures a correct answer.
Incorrect. A heuristic is a shortcut, but it does not guarantee that the correct answer
to a problem will be achieved.
b) takes longer and is more accurate.
c) can be quicker.
Correct. A heuristic is a mental shortcut, so it is often faster than an algorithm.
d) always works the same way.
e) fosters greater creativity.
ANS: c
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 27
When solving a maze, some people start at the end. This strategy is known as
a) inversion.
Incorrect. There is no problem-solving strategy referenced in the text called
inversion.
b) working backward.
Correct. By starting at the finish and working back to the start, you can change your
perspective on a problem and perhaps solve it more easily.
c) reversibility.
d) means-ends analysis.
e) anchoring bias.
ANS: b
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 28
Which problem-solving strategy did the Wright brothers use to solve the challenge of powered
human flight?
a) finding a relevant analogy
b) working backward from small-order to large-order concerns
c) formal logic
d) breaking the problem into subgoals
e) functional fixedness
ANS: d
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 29
Jada keeps spanking her children when they misbehave, even though it is obvious that this is not
an effective form of punishment for her children. Why does Jada keep spanking?
a) She has a mental set.
Correct. This refers to a habitual way of solving problems, and can block us from
actually coming up with a solution.
b) She is working backward.
Incorrect. This is a heuristic that actually helps with problem solving. Jada is falling
prey to the mental set.
c) She is demonstrating anchoring bias.
d) She is identifying the problem.
e) She is demonstrating divergent thinking.
ANS: a
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 30
A loose screw on the visor causes it to drop down while Ben drives; however, he keeps
forgetting to take a screwdriver out to the car to fix it. When he notices the visor drop again, he
reaches into his pocket for a dime and uses it to tighten the screw holding the visor. What
problem-solving difficulty did Ben overcome?
a) relative comparison
b) functional fixedness
Correct. Ben overcame the problem of functional fixedness.
c) poor problem representation
d) the representative bias
Incorrect. Ben overcame the problem of functional fixedness.
e) the availability bias
ANS: b
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 31
Riley has figured out how to unlock his bedroom door with a paper clip. What has he most likely
overcome in his new use of the paper clip?
a) functional fixedness
Correct. Functional fixedness refers to getting mentally stuck in the idea that a
particular object can only be used in a singular way.
b) the representational problem
c) the representative bias
d) the confirmation bias
Incorrect. The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to actively seek out
information that supports our existing beliefs while disregarding information that
disconfirms our beliefs.
e) the mental set
ANS: a
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 32
Rob is preparing Chicken Baskini for Patty when he realizes that the chicken is supposed to be
pounded out. So, he goes to the store to buy a cooking mallet. Rob never thought of using his
rolling pin to flatten the chicken because of
a) the representativeness heuristic.
b) sampling bias.
c) the confirmation bias.
d) hindsight bias.
Incorrect. This refers to the tendency, after learning about an event, to believe that
one could have predicted the event in advance.
e) functional fixedness.
Correct. This refers to the inability to perceive a new use for an object associated
with a different purpose.
ANS: e
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 33
A person who uses a drop of super glue to seal a paper cut on her finger has overcome the
obstacle to effective problem solving called
a) working backward.
b) regression to the average.
c) functional fixedness.
Correct. This refers to the inability to perceive a new use for an object associated
with a different purpose.
d) the anchoring bias.
Incorrect. This is a faulty heuristic caused by basing an estimate on a completely
irrelevant quality.
e) the representativeness heuristic.
ANS: c
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 34
Many of the “flaws” in our reasoning abilities caused by our use of heuristics are the by-product
of
a) classical conditioning.
b) insanity.
c) an adaptive strategy.
d) fuzzy logic.
e) our changing brains.
ANS: c
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 35
Agatha Harkness-Smythe is determined to ban guns in the United States. This is a controversial
topic and social scientists have debated whether the ownership of guns by citizens increases or
decreases crime. Agatha could go to the library and look up studies on the linkage between guns
and crime rates. Instead, Agatha just reads the local newspaper and only cuts out articles about
robberies in which the “bad guy” used a firearm. Agatha is demonstrating
a) mental set.
Incorrect. Mental set is defined as the tendency to perceive and approach problems
in the same ways that have worked in the past, which is not relevant to what Agatha
is demonstrating in this example.
b) confirmation bias.
Correct. Agatha is demonstrating confirmation bias by concerning herself only with
information that backs up, or confirms, what she already believes.
c) stereotype threat.
d) mindlessness.
e) flow.
ANS: b
Objective=6.6: Evaluate the science of judging and making decisions
Topic=Judging and Making Decisions
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 36
The concept of the confirmation bias specifically assumes that we are most likely to believe
a) the scientific method as true.
b) information that agrees with our thinking.
Correct. Our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore
evidence that might disprove it is called confirmation bias.
c) information that refutes our thinking.
d) logical thinking.
Incorrect. One of the greatest misfortunes of the confirmation bias is that one often
takes leave of logic when applying this bias.
e) mental sets.
ANS: b
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 37
You believe that a test is going to turn out badly, but then you get an A on that test. If you then
tell friends that you knew all along that you would do well on the test, you are showing
a) hindsight bias.
Correct. This refers to the tendency, after learning about an event, to believe that
one could have predicted the event in advance.
b) anchoring bias.
irrelevant quality.
c) student bias.
d) availability bias.
e) convergent thinking.
ANS: a
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 38
Alex and Barbara are asked to estimate the size of a crowd. Alex is asked whether the crowd is
bigger or smaller than 10,000, whereas Barbara is asked whether the crowd is bigger or smaller
than 2,000. The fact that Alex would give a larger estimate could best be explained by
a) the representativeness heuristic.
b) mental set.
Incorrect. This refers to the tendency to use a habitual way of solving a problem. It
can actually interfere with coming up with a correct solution to a given problem.
c) the anchoring bias.
Correct. This is a faulty heuristic caused by basing an estimate on a completely
irrelevant quality.
d) self-imposed limitations.
e) cognitive maps.
ANS: c
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 39
John learns about Michelle, a student at a state university in New York, who has blond hair,
enjoys summer, and likes the beach. John assumes she is from California (given the stereotypes
about women from California) despite the fact that over 85% of students at this state university
are from New York. This is best explained by
a) divergent thinking.
b) algorithms.
Incorrect. This refers to a step-by-step method for coming up with a solution to a
given problem, and if applied properly, it guarantees a solution.
c) knowledge of the base rate.
d) the representativeness bias.
Correct. This is a faulty heuristic strategy based on the presumption that, once
people or events are categorized, they share all the features of other members in the
category.
e) convergent thinking.
ANS: d
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 40
Seventy percent of the students in a classroom are women and 30 percent are men. One student is
described as ambitious, athletic, and assertive. Why are most people likely to think this
description refers to a male student?
a) They are using the availability bias.
Incorrect. Availability refers to whether an item is easy to remember.
b) They are using the representativeness bias.
Correct. They are using the representativeness bias because being male and being
ambitious, athletic, and assertive are more typical and, thus, representative.
c) People seek only confirming information.
d) People tend to make relative comparisons.
e) People base their assumptions on what the media tells us is common.
ANS: b
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 41
Most people would guess that more women die of breast cancer than of heart disease, even
though the opposite is true. People might be misled because we hear about breast cancer quite a
bit in the media. Thus, we fall victim to
a) the confirmation bias.
b) the availability bias.
Correct. This is a faulty heuristic strategy that estimates probabilities based on the
availability of vivid mental images of the event.
c) an anchoring bias.
irrelevant quality.
d) divergent thinking.
e) a mental set.
ANS: b
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 42
Frank mistakenly believes that there are more words that begin with the letter k than there are
with the letter k in the third position due to the
a) representativeness bias.
b) availability bias.
Correct. The availability bias is a strategy in which we judge objects or events as
more likely, common, or frequent if they are easier to retrieve from memory.
c) planning fallacy.
d) confirmation bias.
Incorrect. Our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore
evidence that might disprove it is called confirmation bias.
e) mental set.
ANS: b
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 43
Which of the following is true of creativity?
a) Creative people have unique personality flaws.
b) Creativity first involves becoming an expert in a specific field.
c) Low motivation can facilitate creativity.
d) A person can become an expert after a year of creative study.
e) Creative achievement requires a great leap of imagination.
ANS: b
Objective=6.7: Recall some of the mental qualities that make a creative genius
Topic=Becoming a Creative Genius
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 44
A person who is a fine guitar player would be said to have a(n) ________ for playing the guitar.
a) schema
b) prototype
c) aptitude
Correct. This refers to innate potentialities as contrasted with abilities acquired by
learning.
d) algorithm
Incorrect. This refers to a step-by-step method for coming up with a solution to a
given problem, and if applied properly it guarantees a solution.
e) divergence
ANS: c
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 45
Which is NOT a characteristic of creative people?
a) They tend to be willing to restructure a given problem.
b) They are often conventional in their personal lifestyle and take few social risks.
Correct. This is not mentioned in the text as a characteristic of creative people.
c) They tend to have an intense interest in the problems they are attempting to solve.
d) They value their independence.
Incorrect. They do value their independence.
e) They have a preference for complexity in problems
ANS: b
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 46
A hypothetical construct cannot be
a) defined.
b) changed.
c) described
Incorrect. Hypothetical constructs can be described, but they cannot be quantified
(or measured).
d) observed.
Correct. This is a concept that must be inferred rather than observed.
e) discussed.
ANS: d
Objective=6.8: Indicate the four important features that characterize the Binet-Simon
approach
Topic=Binet and Simon Invent a School Abilities Test
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 47
Which of the following is NOT a hypothetical construct?
a) height
Correct. This is an observable, measurable concept and so it is not a hypothetical
construct.
b) brilliance
c) happiness
Incorrect. This is an emotion, which can be described and experienced but not
quantifiably measured.
d) intelligence
e) anger
ANS: a
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 48
Researchers typically stress that a key aspect of intelligence is
a) the ability to speak different languages.
b) the Y chromosome.
Incorrect. If this ridiculous answer was correct, then only men would have
intelligence. Certainly some of you reading this question would know that that is not
a correct statement. If you believe it is a correct statement, you are probably a man.
c) the ability to acquire knowledge.
Correct. Our ability to take in data and use it in a reasoned manner is a crucial part
of the definition of intelligence.
d) only accurate for males.
e) creativity.
ANS: c
approach
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 49
On an IQ test, a child named Phil scores a mental age of 7 years. What is his IQ score?
a) His IQ matches his chronological age.
b) His chronological age is 7 years.
Incorrect. This is not accurate, as the chronological age refers to the number of
years since one’s birth.
c) The average age of people receiving that score is 7 years.
d) Phil got about seven questions right in each section of the test.
e) IQ scores cannot be calculated from the information that is provided.
Correct. In order to calculate this child’s IQ, you’d also need this child’s
chronological age.
ANS: e
Objective=6.9: Demonstrate the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale
Topic=American Psychologists Borrow Binet and Simon’s Idea
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 50
Because it had to be administered ________, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was not as
________ as other intelligence tests.
a) in groups; standardized
b) individually; economical
c) quickly; valid
d) often; reliable
e) only one time; consistent
ANS: b
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 51
According to Terman’s original computation of intelligence quotient, if Ralph’s computed IQ
score is 75, then he
a) might be a 12-year-old who is as smart as the average 9-year-old.
Correct. If you apply the formula MA/CA*100, you’ll get the right answer!
([9/12]*100 = 75)
b) correctly answered three-fourths of the questions on the intelligence test.
c) is 75 years old.
Incorrect. This would not be an accurate application of the formula MA/CA*100
d) might be a 6-year-old who is as intelligent as most 8-year-olds.
e) is as smart as the average 75-year-old.
ANS: a
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 52
An 8-year-old child who scored like an average 10-year-old on an intelligence test would have a
mental age of ________ and an IQ of ________.
a) 8; 80
Incorrect. The IQ is based on a mental age of 10 divided by a chronological age of
8 and multiplied by 100. This gives an IQ of 125.
b) 8; 125
c) 10; 100
d) 10; 125
Correct. The IQ is based on a mental age of 10 divided by a chronological age of 8
and multiplied by 100. This gives an IQ of 125.
e) 18; 180
ANS: d
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 53
Suppose Maria’s mental age is 20 and her chronological age is 10. What is her IQ?
a) 320
b) 80
Incorrect. The correct application of Stern’s IQ formula could not lead to an IQ of
80 for Maria.
c) 200
Correct. MA/CA*100 = IQ, so Maria’s IQ would be 20/10*100, or 200.
d) 100
e) 120
ANS: c
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 54
Dallas is a 10-year-old boy who has a mental age of 10 years. His IQ would be
a) 80.
b) 100.
and multiplied by 100. This gives an IQ of 100 for Dallas.
c) 115.
d) 130.
10 and multiplied by 100. This gives an IQ of 100 for Dallas.
e) 1,000.
ANS: b
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 55
Jordan is a 10-year-old boy who has a mental age of 8 years. His IQ would be
a) 80.
and multiplied by 100. This gives an IQ of 80 for Jordan.
b) 100.
c) 125.
10 and multiplied by 100. This gives an IQ of 80 for Jordan.
d) 140.
e) 185.
ANS: a
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 56
Which of the following pairs of children features one child who would be classified as suffering
from an intellectual disability and one child who would be classified as gifted?
a) Tammy’s IQ is 88, and Preki’s IQ is 188.
b) Pua’s IQ is 99, and Jared’s IQ is 115.
c) Brock’s IQ is 79, and Chandler’s IQ is 112.
d) Bill’s IQ is 54, and Missy’s IQ is 137.
Correct. Intellectual disability is defined, at least partially, as having an IQ at or
below around 70, while giftedness is defined as having an IQ above 130.
e) Ricardo’s IQ is 14, and Herve’s IQ is 84.
Incorrect. Ricardo’s IQ may indicate intellectual disability, but Herve’s IQ does not
indicate giftedness.
ANS: d
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 57
Which of the following is known to cause intellectual disability?
a) abuse by the mother of alcohol during pregnancy
b) a genetic disorder such as PKU
c) postnatal accidents involving the head
d) conditions of deprivation or neglect
e) All of these answers are correct.
ANS: e
Objective=Applying
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 58
In his decades-long study of giftedness, Lewis Terman found that
a) there were surprisingly few professionals in his sample.
b) there were a great many professionals and even an “Einstein” or two.
c) most gifted children generally grew up to be healthy and happy adults.
d) academic success was unrelated to IQ.
e) high IQ was practically a guarantee of wealth and fame.
ANS: c
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 59
What did Terman’s groundbreaking study of gifted children accomplish?
a) It put to rest the myths that existed about genius in the early part of the 20th century.
b) It proved that gifted children and adults are more prone to mental illnesses or odd
behavior than other groups.
c) It demonstrated that they also have more than their share of failures.
d) It demonstrated that genius is the only factor that influences real success in life.
e) It demonstrated that giftedness is strongly correlated with social immaturity.
ANS: a
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 60
Ed and Carol have a daughter named Bonnie who has just received a score of 155 on her IQ test.
According to the text, Ed and Carol should
a) enroll Bonnie in a private school.
b) push Bonnie to succeed
c) do nothing special.
Correct. As the text notes, parents of gifted children should avoid overreacting and
pushing unusual child-raising practices on their kids.
d) have Bonnie skip a grade or two in school.
e) gloat about Bonnie’s brilliance whenever she is near.
Incorrect. This could give Bonnie an unhealthy sense of herself, and thus lead to
social problems with her peers.
ANS: c
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 61
Which of the following people would most likely have savant syndrome?
a) Carrie, who has an intellectual disability
b) Luka, who has an intellectual disability but has superb mathematical skills
Correct. Savant syndrome is found in individuals who have a remarkable talent
even though they are mentally slow in other domains.
c) Carter, who is gifted and does well at most tasks
Incorrect. Possessing an IQ that places one in the gifted range is not synonymous
with being a savant.
d) Abby, who is gifted but has major difficulties with spelling
e) Cleo, who is of average intelligence but is great at math and terrible at spelling
ANS: b
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 62
Charles Spearman argued that individual differences in intelligence
a) were subject to change from environmental influences.
b) could be altered by early intervention in childhood educational programs.
c) were innately determined.
d) were due to the influence of invisible flux fields that affect neurotransmitters.
e) could not be accurately measured.
ANS: c
Objective=6.10: Describe some of the psychometric theories of intelligence
Topic=Psychometric Theories of Intelligence
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 63
Cattell would argue that a person who can name all seven of the dwarfs possesses ________
intelligence.
a) divergent
b) crystallized
Correct. Crystallized intelligence was conceived of as the knowledge that a person
has accumulated plus the ability to access that knowledge.
c) fluid
Incorrect. Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to see complex relationships and
solve problems.
d) practical
e) experiential
ANS: b
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 64
Einstein would be considered to be ________ in ________.
a) low; creativity
b) low; crystallized intelligence
Incorrect. Crystallized intelligence was conceived of as the knowledge that a person
has accumulated plus the ability to access that knowledge.
c) moderate; g
d) high; fluid intelligence
Correct. Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to see complex relationships and
solve problems.
e) low; g
ANS: d
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 65
According to Robert Sternberg, ________is best described as “street smarts,” or the ability to use
information to get along in life. People who have it are self-aware, know how to manipulate
situations to their advantage, and know how to use inside information to increase their odds of
success.
a) analytical intelligence
b) creative intelligence
c) practical intelligence
d) naturalistic intelligence
ANS: c
Objective=6.11: Describe some of the cognitive theories of intelligence
Topic=Cognitive Theories of Intelligence
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 66
An example of Sternberg’s practical intelligence is
a) academic achievement only.
Incorrect. This would demonstrate analytical intelligence.
b) knowing when to plant corn.
Correct. This is something that might not be readily available in a textbook, but a
farmer who knows his or her craft would be able to make this decision with high
accuracy.
c) having interpersonal and emotional skills.
d) learning how to write clearly.
e) knowing how to take two ingredients and create a new dish.
ANS: b
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 67
Shalissa is described as being self-aware and able to manipulate situations to her advantage. She
is probably high in
a) analytical intelligence.
b) creative intelligence.
Incorrect. Creative intelligence is the ability to deal with new and different
concepts and come up with new ways of solving problems.
c) practical intelligence.
Correct. Practical intelligence is best described as “street smarts,” or the ability to
use information to get along in life.
d) fluid intelligence.
ANS: c
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 68
According to Sternberg, your college grades would reflect your ________ intelligence.
a) fluid
b) analytical
Correct. This type of intelligence is the ability measured by most IQ tests and
includes the ability to analyze problems and find correct answers.
c) experiential
d) practical
e) creative
Incorrect. Creative intelligence is the ability to deal with new and different
concepts and come up with new ways of solving problems.
ANS: b
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 69
According to Sternberg, Picasso would score high in ________ intelligence.
a) creative
Correct. Creative intelligence is the ability to deal with new and different concepts
and come up with new ways of solving problems.
b) analytical
Incorrect. This type of intelligence is the ability measured by most IQ tests and
includes the ability to analyze problems and find correct answers.
c) experiential
d) practical
e) triarchic
ANS: a
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 70
Janet cannot get along well with others, but she is the best in her class at reading. According to
Howard Gardner, she lacks ________ intelligence but possesses much ________ intelligence.
a) musical; spatial
Incorrect. Musical intelligence is the ability to perform, compose, and appreciate
musical patterns, rhythms, and pitches. Spatial intelligence is the ability to form and
manipulate mental images of objects and to consider their relationships in space.
b) rhythmic; logical
c) bodily-kinesthetic; intrapersonal
d) interpersonal; linguistic
Correct. Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to understand other people’s
intentions, emotions, motives, and actions and the ability to work well with others.
Linguistic intelligence is seen by measures such as vocabulary and reading
comprehension tests.
e) spatial; linguistic
ANS: d
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 71
Interpersonal intelligence is to intrapersonal intelligence as
a) others are to self.
Intrapersonal intelligence is the ability to know oneself, to develop a coherent sense
of identity, and to regulate one’s life.
b) self is to others.
Incorrect. This is the opposite of the correct answer.
c) positive is to negative.
d) “street smarts” is to “book smarts.”
e) “book smarts” is to “street smarts.”
ANS: a
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 72
Which of the mental abilities noted by Gardner could be thought of as relating to emotional
intelligence?
a) musical and spatial
Incorrect. Neither of these factors in Gardner’s theory are directly related to
emotional intelligence
b) rhythmic and logical
c) bodily-kinesthetic and intrapersonal
d) interpersonal and intrapersonal
Intrapersonal intelligence is the ability to know oneself, to develop a coherent sense
of identity, and to regulate one’s life.
e) spatial and linguistic
ANS: d
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 73
Frida is a substitute teacher who is taking over for Susan. Susan’s two classes are equally good,
but Susan decides to tell Frida that the afternoon class is smarter. Based on the research of
Rosenthal and Jacobson, we could expect
a) the afternoon class to perform better.
Correct. When one is exposed to a self-fulfilling prophecy, he or she often behaves
in ways that support this previously held belief.
b) Frida to try to treat the two classes the same.
c) Frida to defend the morning class by saying they are smarter.
d) Frida to figure out that Susan was lying.
e) the morning class to get better treatment from Frida.
Incorrect. While this may be partially accurate, it is not directly related to the idea
of the self-fulfilling prophecy, which addresses how we behave when we know that
others hold preformed beliefs about us.
ANS: a
Objective=6.13: Report some of the studies that animals are capable of intelligent
behavior and cognition
Topic=The Question of Animal Intelligence
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 74
An example of ________ is a person who is expected to do poorly by his or her teacher, and then
actually does poorly.
a) divergent thinking
b) a lack of interpersonal intelligence
c) high crystallized intelligence
d) an accurate g
Incorrect. The concept of the g factor refers to Spearman’s beliefs about the nature
of intelligence. It is not related to the self-fulfilling prophecy, which is the answer to
this question.
e) a self-fulfilling prophecy
Correct. When one is exposed to a self-fulfilling prophecy, he or she often behaves
in ways that support this previously held belief.
ANS: e
Objective=6.13: Report some of the studies that animals are capable of intelligent
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 75
If intelligence is determined primarily by heredity, which pair should show the highest
correlation between IQ scores?
a) fraternal twins
b) identical twins
c) brothers and sisters
d) parents and children
e) cousins
ANS: b
Objective=6.14: Indicate the correlations in IQs for pairs of individuals with genetic
relationship
Topic=What Evidence Shows That Intelligence Is Influenced by Heredity?
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 76
Tim and Jim are identical twins who were raised apart. Ned and Ed are fraternal twins who were
raised together. Which pair of twins will have more similar IQ scores, if either?
a) Tim and Jim
Correct. Tim and Jim share genetic commonalities. Their IQs will probably be the
most similar even though they did not share environments growing up.
b) Ned and Ed
Incorrect. Ned and Ed share environments, but identical genetics.
c) Their IQs will be the same, because environment and genetics interact equally across
both cases.
d) It is impossible to answer based on the given information.
e) All twins have the same IQ.
ANS: a
relationship
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 77
Which of the following groups of children is most likely to have the most similar IQ scores?
a) identical twins reared apart
Incorrect. Identical twins reared apart have the same genetics but a different
environment; therefore, their IQs would not be as similar as those of identical twins
reared together due to their different experiences and education.
b) same-sex fraternal twins
c) siblings reared together
d) identical twins reared together
Correct. Identical twins reared together are most likely to have similar IQs because
both their genetics and their environment are almost the same.
e) opposite-sex fraternal twins
ANS: d
relationship
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 78
Which of the following statements about heredity and intelligence is TRUE?
a) Similarities in intelligence between identical twins who were separated at birth and
raised in different houses must be due to heredity.
b) Differences in intelligence between identical twins must be due to differences in their
environments.
Correct. Identical twin differences seem to be due to environment.
c) If identical twins are separated at birth and raised in different homes yet still have
similar intelligence scores, the similarity in their scores must be due to hereditary
influences.
Incorrect. Identical twin differences seem to be due to environment.
d) Prenatal influences have little, if any, influence on intelligence and need not be taken
into account when studying environmental influences.
e) The influences of heredity are irrelevant if there is no environmental support for one’s
intellectual growth.
ANS: b
Objective=6.15: Examine the role of the environment in shaping intelligence
Topic=What Evidence Shows That Intelligence Is Influenced by Environment?
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 79
Critics claimed that Jensen minimized or ignored the impact of all of the following in terms of
racial differences EXCEPT for
a) the effects of racism.
b) different teacher expectations in school.
c) lack of opportunity.
d) low self-esteem.
e) heredity.
ANS: e
Objective=6.16: Relate heritability to group differences
Topic=Heritability (Not Heredity) and Group Differences
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 80
Based on Scarr and Weinberg’s study, you would expect that Black and White children who
were ________ at birth would exhibit IQ scores that reflected a strong effect of the environment.
a) mentally retarded
b) from lower social classes
c) adopted
d) low in weight
e) placed in special facilities
ANS: c
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 81
A problem with the Head Start enrichment program is that it
a) may not start early enough.
Correct. The text suggests that such programs that intervene earlier may be even
more effective than the current Head Start program.
b) has had no impact on IQ scores.
c) cannot undo the effects of poverty.
Incorrect. On the contrary, students from impoverished backgrounds seem to do
better when given a chance to enter the Head Start program.
d) reaches all of the children who need it.
e) has no long-term impact.
ANS: a
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 82
A source of bias that may explain racial IQ differences is the fact that most IQ tests rely heavily
on
a) math skills.
Incorrect. Given that math can sometimes be tested without the use of a specific
language, this would not be an accurate response.
b) vocabulary level.
Correct. Because people from different cultures may not have the same fluency of
English as native English speakers, this linguistic barrier may set them up to do
poorer on IQ tests.
c) the ability to pay attention.
d) individual responsibility.
e) interpersonal intelligence.
ANS: b
Skill=Applying
M/C Question 83
Which of the following is a desirable characteristic of culture-fair tests?
a) They should minimize or eliminate the use of language.
Correct. Culture-fair tests should minimize or eliminate the use of language because
language has cultural biases.
b) They should not attempt to measure intelligence.
c) They should be composed of items that vary from culture to culture.
d) They should measure values based on a person’s cultural background.
Incorrect. Culture-fair tests measure intelligence, not values.
e) They should test individual people in their own native language.
ANS: a
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 84
Vanessa, who is African American, felt that her performance on the entrance exam was being
judged by the standard of a negative stereotype when she was told by the assistant principal that
White candidates performed 20% better. This is known as
a) stereotype threat.
b) bias threat.
c) racial threat.
d) prejudicial threat.
e) negative threat.
ANS: a
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
Essay
Essay Question 85
Describe the roles played by schemas and scripts in rational thought.
Global Correct Feedback: A schema is a cluster of related concepts that form a framework
for thinking about a topic or event. Schemas provide expectations that allow us to use a
term in different contexts. Schemas can accumulate new information or can be altered to
accommodate new facts. A schema for an event (going to the restaurant) is known as a
script. These help us decide how to act in a specific situation.
Topic=Concepts
Skill=Analyzing
Difficulty=Medium
Essay Question 86
Describe the mental barriers to problem solving.
Global Correct Feedback: A person may have misidentified what the problem is in the first
place. Other problem-solving obstacles include mental sets, self-imposed limits, functional
fixedness, lack of knowledge or interest, fatigue, or stress. Bias can be an issue (such as
availability, representativeness, hindsight, confirmation, and anchoring).
Skill=Applying
Essay Question 87
Describe Gardner’s approach to understanding intelligence.
Global Correct Feedback: Gardner believes that intelligence has various components.
Gardner believes that intelligence consisted of seven multiple intelligences: linguistic
(vocabulary and reading), logical-mathematical, spatial (thinking about relationships in
space), musical, bodily-kinesthetic (movement and coordination), interpersonal (knowing
others), and intrapersonal (knowing yourself).
Skill=Analyzing
Difficulty=Medium
Essay Question 88
Describe some of the factors that may account for differences between the IQ scores between
Black and White people.
Global Correct Feedback: These differences may be due to genetics (Jensen’s view),
whereas others claim it has more to do with upbringing and environment. In terms of the
environment, poverty, schooling, poor prenatal health, nutrition, access to books and
computers, parental time and education, self-fulfilling prophecies, school quality, test bias,
training, and who is doing the testing may all impact scores.
Skill=Analyzing
Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 89
Velcro, the hook and loop fastener, was developed after its inventor observed garden burrs
sticking to the fur coat of the family dog. This demonstrates the application of ________ in a
variety of settings and contexts.
a) analogies
b) practical intelligence
c) functional fixedness
d) mental sets
e) convergent thinking
ANS: a
Objective=6.5: Evaluation strategies for and barriers to effective problem-solving
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 90
When Uncle Sal tells his two nephews to choose a number between 1 and 100, they both usually
guess numbers on the low side of the range. If, however, he tells them to guess a number
between 100 and 1, they tend to guess closer to the high end of the range. This demonstrates how
________ influences thinking processes.
a) the availability heuristic
b) anchoring
c) the base rate fallacy
d) the confirmation bias
e) functional fixedness
ANS: b
Objective=6.6: Describe common biases in making judgments and decisions
Topic=Judgment and Making Decisions
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Hard
M/C Question 91
When she meets her blind date for the evening, Marcella immediate gets a negative vibe from
him. There is nothing obviously wrong—he is neatly dressed and well-groomed, polite, and
reasonably attractive. There is just something that gives Marcella a bad feeling. She makes sure
to end the date relatively quickly, and does not go out with him again. Daniel Kahneman would
call this quick, intuitive type of thinking
a) System 2.
b) divergent.
c) System 1.
d) convergent.
e) heuristic.
ANS: c
Objective=6.6: Describe common biases in making judgments and decisions
Topic=Judgment and Making Decisions
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 92
Shelley Carson’s research examining the relationship between creativity and schizotypal
personality traits has come to explain this relationship by looking at the common factor of
________. This factor examines how people think outside the box and are not bound by what
others consider proper thought processes.
a) mental habituation
b) psychological flexibility
c) Gestalt balancing
d) cognitive disinhibition
e) System 2 thinking
ANS: d
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Hard
M/C Question 93
Since the 1990s, what has happened to the trend in intelligence scores called the Flynn effect?
a) The Flynn effect has reversed for men but not for women.
b) The Flynn effect seems to have stabilized in less developed countries but not in
European samples.
c) The Flynn effect has reversed for women but not for men.
d) The Flynn effect has reversed itself worldwide, with IQ scores not dropping in each
generation.
e) The Flynn effect seems to have stabilized in European samples but not in less
developed countries.
ANS: e
Objective=6.9: Discuss the development of the modern concept and measurement of IQ
Topic=American Psychologists Borrow Binet and Simon's Idea
Skill=Remembering
Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 94
For years, it was believed that theory of mind is a uniquely human quality. Recent research,
however, has found that it may exist in nonhuman animals, including all EXCEPT which of the
following?
a) dogs
b) Western scrub jays
c) chimpanzees
d) crows
e) dolphins
ANS: a
Objective=6.13:Report some of the studies that indicate animals are capable of intelligent
Skill=Remembering
Difficulty=Hard
M/C Question 95
Which of the following factors was found to be associated with a 6% reduction in brain volume
in children?
a) a higher-than-normal lead content in drinking water
b) growing up in poverty conditions
c) being exposed to fewer academic resources in school
d) having two or more older siblings
e) having Klinefelter syndrome
ANS: b
Objective=6.16: Describe research findings that suggest social and environmental
contributions to intelligence
Skill=Remembering
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 96
Mauricio is aware of stereotypes that others hold about Latino individuals. He feels that others
expect him to be less intelligent than his peers of other races and that they anticipate that he will
have less academic success. As a result, Mauricio tends to perform far below his actual ability.
Psychologist Claude Steele referred to this as
a) a mental set.
b) response sets.
c) stereotype threat.
d) expectancy bias.
e) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
ANS: c
Objective=6.16: Describe research findings that suggest social and environmental
contributions to intelligence
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Hard
M/C Question 97
According to the ________ metaphor of human cognition, thinking is nothing more or less than
information processing.
a) digital camera
b) shopping cart
c) bungee
d) computer
e) vacuum
ANS: d
Objective=Core Concept 6.1
Topic=Key Question: What Are the Components of Thought?
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 98
What type of thinking would be advantageous in situations when one has incomplete information
upon which to evaluate a situation?
a) logical thinking
b) stereotypical thinking
c) logical positivism
d) empiricism
e) psychological thinking
ANS: e
Topic=Key Question: What Abilities Do Good Thinkers Possess?
Skill=Understanding
Difficulty=Hard
M/C Question 99
While modern intelligence tests are traced back to the early 20th century and France, the fact is
that sophisticated mental testing methods were developed in ________ over 2,000 years ago.
a) China
b) Persia
c) Greece
d) Egypt
e) Macedonia
ANS: a
Topic=Key Question: How Is Intelligence Measured?
Skill=Remembering
Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 100

A young man from the United Kingdom, Derek Paravicini, is totally blind and suffers from
severe intellectual deficits. At the same time, however, he is one of the most gifted musicians
many have ever seen. Derek’s amazing talent is indicative of
a) Pick’s disorder.
b) savant syndrome.
c) Asperger’s disorder.
d) autistic disorder.
e) dysphonic syndrome.
ANS: b
Topic=Key Question: Is Intelligence One or Many Abilities?
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 101

Which influential psychologist proposed a theory that led to legislation in 1924 that would limit
the immigration of groups believed to be of inferior intellect?
a) Alfred Binet
b) Sir Francis Galton
c) Henry Goddard
d) Charles Spearman
e) Theodore Simon
ANS: c
Topic=Key Question: How Do Psychologists Explain IQ Differences Among Groups?
Skill=Remembering
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 102

There is a joke that goes as follows: “How do you tell the difference between a physicist and a
labor unionist? You ask them to say the word unionized.” The crux of this joke is that each
person will have a different ________ that tells them how the word should be pronounced (un-
ionized versus union-ized).
a) heuristic
b) analogy
c) script
d) schema
e) mental set
ANS: d
Topic=Psychology Matters: Schemas and Scripts Help You Know What to Expect
Skill=Applying
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 103

What kind of experts were the focus of de Groot’s (1965) research into the various facts of
expertise?
a) expert artists
b) Nobel prize winners
c) championship-caliber athletes
d) wealthy stock market investors
e) chess masters
ANS: e
Topic=Psychology Matters: Using Psychology to Learn Psychology
Skill=Remembering
Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 104

Which of the following is NOT a part of the current definition of intellectual disability?
a) significant limitations in intellectual functioning
b) symptoms that become apparent before 18 years of age
c) deficits in one’s adaptive behaviors
d) demonstrated chromosomal abnormalities
e) an IQ that is assessed below 70 to 75
ANS: d
Topic=Psychology Matters: What Can You Do for an Exceptional Child?
Skill=Remembering
Difficulty=Easy
M/C Question 105

Marika often tells her older son that he is “so bright” and “an amazing little scientist.” Her
daughter, however, gets messages about being “very pretty” and “such a fine little lady.” Despite
the fact that Marika’s daughter is actually more naturally gifted in sciences, her son tends to get
much better grades in school science classes. This demonstrates the importance of
a) experimental bias.
b) stereotype threat.
c) self-fulfilling prophecies.
d) the actor-observer bias.
e) the fundamental attribution error.
ANS: c
Topic=Psychology Matters: Test Scores and the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Skill=Remembering
Difficulty=Medium
M/C Question 106

What is the current state of proper, scientific research that examines the effectiveness of “brain
training” programs like Lumosity and BrainHQ?
a) The research fails to support claims that these programs make any significant difference
in one’s cognitive skills.
b) These programs are very useful for those with organic brain illnesses like dementia.
c) These programs are not useful for older adults, in whom brain decline may be
irreversible, but they are useful for middle-aged adults who want to avoid such
declines.
d) These programs have been found to have great benefit for adolescents, as reflected in
higher overall school GPAs after as little as 3 months of use.
e) The research is, as of yet, inconclusive. Many studies have found significant effects,
but others have found that these programs actually harm intellectual skills.
ANS: a
Topic=Psychology Matters: Brain Training Programs: Do They Work?
Skill=Remembering
Difficulty=Easy

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Psychology Core Concepts 8th Edition Zimbardo Test Bank Download

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Psychology Core Concepts 8th Edition

Zimbardo Test Bank

Test Bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-psychology-

Solution Manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-

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