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Data lakes

Research Proposal · March 2023

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Data lakes
INTRODUCTION
The concept of data lakes was first introduced by James Dixon, the founder and CTO of
Pentaho, a business intelligence and data integration software company. In a blog post in 2010, Dixon
described the concept of a data lake as a way to store and manage large volumes of data that are too
big, too fast, or too complex to be stored in traditional data warehouses. The idea was to create a
centralized repository that could store all types of data in their native formats, and that could be easily
accessed and analyzed by data scientists and business analysts. Since then, the concept of data lakes
has gained widespread adoption and has become an important component of modern data
architectures. Today, data lakes are used by organizations across industries to store, manage, and
analyze large volumes of data, and to derive insights that can help to drive business growth and
innovation.
A data lake is a centralized repository that allows you to store all your structured and
unstructured data at any scale. It is a system that allows you to store large volumes of data from
different sources without enforcing any structure or schema. The concept of a data lake has become
popular in recent years as more and more organizations need to store and analyze large amounts of
data.
Data lakes are designed to handle massive amounts of data and allow users to analyze it in
real-time. They offer a cost-effective way to store and manage data because they can be built using
commodity hardware and open-source software. Data lakes also provide a scalable solution for storing
data, which means that as your data needs grow, the data lake can grow with you.
One of the benefits of data lakes is their ability to store data in its raw format. This means that
data can be stored without the need for extensive transformations or data modeling upfront. This can
save time and resources in the long run and allow for more flexibility in data analysis.
However, one of the challenges of data lakes is ensuring data quality and governance. Because
data is stored in its raw format, there is a risk of data inconsistencies and errors if proper controls are
not in place. Additionally, it can be challenging to search and access data in a data lake if proper
metadata and cataloging are not established.
Data lakes can provide a powerful solution for storing and analyzing large volumes of data, but
it's important to carefully consider the data quality and governance aspects before implementing one.
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Research proposal

IMPORTANCE OF DATA LAKES

Data lakes are important for several reasons:
Scalability. Data lakes are designed to handle massive amounts of data at any scale. As data grows,
data lakes can expand to meet the growing demands of your organization.
Flexibility. Data lakes allow you to store data in its raw format without the need for extensive modeling or
transformation. This means that you can store data from a variety of sources without worrying about
data structure, which provides more flexibility in data analysis.
Cost-Effective. Data lakes can be built using commodity hardware and open-source software, which
means they are often more cost-effective than traditional data warehousing solutions.
Real-Time Analysis. Data lakes enable real-time analysis of data. This means that organizations can
quickly identify trends and patterns in data, which can lead to faster decision-making.
Agility. Data lakes can help organizations be more agile by enabling data scientists and analysts to
access data quickly and easily, which can lead to faster innovation and experimentation.
Data Governance. Data lakes can be designed with proper data governance controls to ensure data
quality and consistency. This can help organizations maintain regulatory compliance and mitigate the
risk of data breaches.
Data lakes are important because they provide a flexible, scalable, and cost-effective solution
for storing and analyzing large volumes of data. They also enable real-time analysis and help
organizations be more agile and innovative while maintaining data governance and compliance.
USING OF DATA LAKES
Data lakes can be used in a variety of industries and applications, including:
Healthcare. Data lakes can be used to store and analyze patient data, clinical trial data, and other
healthcare-related information.
Finance. Data lakes can be used to store financial data, such as transactional data, customer data, and
market data, which can be analyzed to gain insights into financial performance and risk management.
Retail. Data lakes can be used to store customer data, sales data, and other retail-related information,
which can be analyzed to gain insights into customer behavior and preferences.
Manufacturing. Data lakes can be used to store data from sensors and other devices used in the
manufacturing process. This data can be analyzed to optimize production processes and identify areas
for improvement.
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Research proposal

Energy and Utilities. Data lakes can be used to store data from smart grids, sensors, and other devices
used in the energy and utilities industry. This data can be analyzed to optimize energy usage and
improve operational efficiency.
Marketing. Data lakes can be used to store customer data, marketing campaign data, and other
marketing-related information, which can be analyzed to gain insights into customer behavior and
preferences.
Data lakes can be used in any industry or application where large volumes of data need to be
stored and analyzed to gain insights and drive business value.
ARCHITECTURE OF DATA LAKES
The architecture of a data lake typically involves several layers or components that work
together to store, manage, and analyze data. Here are the common components of a data lake
architecture:
Data Ingestion. This layer is responsible for bringing data from various sources into the data lake. This
can involve batch processing, real-time data streaming, or data replication. Ingestion tools can include
Apache Kafka, AWS Kinesis, or Apache Nifi.
(Data ingestion is the process of extracting data from various sources and loading it into a target system for
processing and analysis. In the context of data lakes, data ingestion refers to the process of loading data into the
data lake from various sources, such as databases, files, sensors, and other systems.
Data ingestion typically involves several steps, including:
 Data Extraction: In this step, data is extracted from the source system or application. Depending on the
source system, this may involve querying a database, parsing a file, or reading data from a sensor.
 Data Transformation: Once the data is extracted, it may need to be transformed to ensure that it can be
loaded into the target system. This may involve cleaning the data, reformatting it, or performing other
types of data manipulation.
 Data Loading: Once the data is transformed, it can be loaded into the target system. This may involve
loading the data into a database, uploading it to a cloud-based storage system, or storing it in a file
format that is optimized for analysis.
 Data ingestion is an important process in building a data lake because it allows organizations to bring
together data from a wide range of sources into a single, unified platform. This can help organizations to
gain a more comprehensive view of their data assets and enable more advanced analytics and insights.)
Data Storage. This layer stores the raw data in its native format. Data is typically stored in distributed file
systems like Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), Amazon S3, or Azure Data Lake Storage. The
data storage layer can be managed using tools like Apache Hadoop, AWS EMR, or Azure HDInsight.
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Data Processing. This layer is responsible for processing and transforming the raw data into a format
that is suitable for analysis. Data processing tools can include Apache Spark, Apache Hive, or Apache
Pig.
Data Analysis. This layer involves using analytics tools to perform complex data analysis on the data
stored in the data lake. Tools can include Jupyter Notebooks, RStudio, or Apache Zeppelin.
Data Visualization. This layer is responsible for presenting data in a visual format to make it easier for
users to understand and interpret. Visualization tools can include Tableau, Power BI, or Apache
Superset.
Data Governance. This layer is responsible for ensuring that the data stored in the data lake is managed
and governed properly. It can include tools like Apache Atlas, AWS Lake Formation, or Azure Data
Catalog.
The architecture of a data lake is designed to provide a scalable, flexible, and cost-effective way
to store and analyze large volumes of data. By leveraging distributed systems and open-source
technologies, data lakes can be customized to meet the specific needs of an organization.
THE PROCES OF BUILDING DATA LAKES, AND PROCESS OF EXTRACT DATA
FROM DATA LAKE
Building a data lake involves several steps, which include:
Define the use case. Identify the business problems that the data lake will help to solve, and the types of
data that will be stored in the data lake.
Select a technology stack. Choose the technologies and tools that will be used to build and manage the
data lake. This may include a distributed file system, such as Hadoop or Amazon S3, as well as tools for
data ingestion, processing, and analysis.
Design the data architecture. Define the structure and organization of the data lake, including the data
models, metadata, and access controls. This may involve creating data pipelines to move data from
various sources into the data lake, as well as designing storage formats and data partitioning strategies.
Ingest data. Load the data into the data lake, either through batch processing or real-time streaming.
This may involve data cleaning, normalization, and transformation, as well as adding metadata and
indexing the data for efficient querying and analysis.
Analyze and visualize data. Use tools such as Apache Spark or SQL to query and analyze the data in
the data lake, and build dashboards and reports to visualize the insights gained from the data.
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Research proposal

The process of extracting data from a data lake depends on the specific use case and the
tools used to build and manage the data lake. In general, the data extraction process may involve the
following steps:
Define the data requirements. Identify the data that needs to be extracted from the data lake, and the
specific use case or analysis that the data will be used for.
Query the data. Use tools such as Apache Spark or SQL to query the data in the data lake, filtering and
aggregating the data as needed. One of the most common ways to extract data from a data lake is
through querying. Users can use SQL, HiveQL, or other query languages to extract data from the data
lake. Query engines can be used to interact with the data lake and process queries.
Transform the data. Clean, normalize, and transform the data as needed to prepare it for the target
system or analysis.
Export the data. Export the data to the target system or tool, such as a data warehouse, BI tool, or
machine learning platform. Data can be exported from a data lake to other systems, such as data
warehouses, for further analysis or processing. Exporting data can be done using tools like AWS Glue,
AWS Data Pipeline, or Apache Sqoop.
Data pipelines. Data pipelines can be set up to extract data from a data lake and move it to other
systems or data warehouses. This can be done using tools like Apache NiFi, Apache Kafka, or Apache
Airflow.
APIs. APIs can be used to extract data from a data lake. RESTful APIs can be used to access the data
in the data lake, and users can use tools like Python or Java to interact with the APIs.
Analytics tools. Data analytics tools such as Apache Spark, Apache Flink, or Apache Hadoop can be
used to extract data from a data lake. These tools can be used to perform complex data processing and
analytics tasks on data stored in the data lake.
Building a data lake and extracting data from it requires careful planning, design, and
implementation, and the success of the data lake will depend on factors such as the quality of the data,
the effectiveness of the data management and governance processes, and the ability of the
organization to effectively leverage the insights gained from the data.
DATA LAKES VS DATABASES
Data lakes and databases are two different data storage and management solutions, each with
its own strengths and weaknesses.
Databases are designed to store and manage structured data, which is data that is organized
into tables with predefined columns and data types. Databases are optimized for fast queries and
transactions, which makes them ideal for storing data that requires quick access and processing, such
as financial transactions, customer information, and inventory data. Databases enforce data consistency
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Research proposal

and integrity by using predefined schemas and data types, which helps to prevent data inconsistencies
and errors.
On the other hand, data lakes are designed to store and manage large volumes of unstructured,
semi-structured, and structured data in their native formats. Data lakes are optimized for storing raw
data, which makes them ideal for storing data that does not fit neatly into predefined tables or schemas,
such as social media data, log files, and sensor data. Data lakes do not enforce data consistency or
integrity, which means that data can be ingested into the data lake in any format, and can be
transformed and analyzed later.
Here are some key differences between data lakes and databases:
Data Types. Databases are optimized for structured data, while data lakes can store structured, semi-
structured, and unstructured data in their native formats.
Data Consistency. Databases enforce data consistency and integrity through predefined schemas and
data types, while data lakes do not enforce data consistency, which allows for greater flexibility and
agility.
Querying. Databases are optimized for fast queries and transactions, while data lakes are optimized for
storing raw data, which may require additional processing and transformation before it can be queried
and analyzed.
Data Volume. Data lakes are designed to store large volumes of data, while databases may not be able
to handle extremely large volumes of data.
Databases are ideal for storing structured data that requires fast queries and transactions, while
data lakes are ideal for storing large volumes of raw data in its native format, which can be processed
and transformed later for analysis. Organizations may choose to use both data lakes and databases as
part of their data architecture, depending on their specific needs and use cases.
TOOLS FOR DATA LAKES
There are many tools available for building and managing data lakes. Here are some of the
most popular tools:
Apache Hadoop. Apache Hadoop is an open-source framework that provides a distributed file system
for storing and processing large volumes of data. Hadoop is commonly used as the underlying
technology for data lakes, as it provides scalability, fault tolerance, and the ability to handle a variety of
data types.
Amazon S3. Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) is a cloud-based object storage service that can be
used to build data lakes. S3 provides unlimited scalability, high availability, and durability for storing and
retrieving any amount of data.
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Microsoft Azure Data Lake Store. Microsoft Azure Data Lake Store is a cloud-based storage service that
provides unlimited data storage and analytics capabilities. It is designed to handle large volumes of
data, both structured and unstructured, and provides a scalable, secure, and high-performance data
lake environment.
Google Cloud Storage. Google Cloud Storage is a cloud-based object storage service that can be used
to build data lakes. It provides fast, scalable, and durable storage for any type of data, and integrates
with other Google Cloud Platform services for data processing and analytics.
Apache Spark. Apache Spark is an open-source data processing engine that can be used to process
and analyze data in a data lake. Spark provides support for multiple data sources, including Hadoop
Distributed File System (HDFS), Amazon S3, and Microsoft Azure Data Lake Store.
Apache Flink. Apache Flink is an open-source stream processing framework that can be used to
process and analyze data in real-time in a data lake. Flink provides support for multiple data sources
and integrates with other Big Data tools.
There are many tools available for building and managing data lakes, and the choice of tools
will depend on factors such as the size and complexity of the data, the organization's infrastructure, and
the specific use cases and requirements for the data lake.
EXAMPLES OF COMPANIES WHO USED DATA LAKE
Here are some examples of companies that have used data lakes:
Amazon. Amazon uses a data lake called Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) to store and manage
large volumes of data from various sources, including customer transactions, website clickstream data,
and social media data. The data in the data lake is used to derive insights that help to optimize the
customer experience, improve supply chain operations, and drive product recommendations.
Netflix. Netflix uses a data lake called "The Data Lake" to store and manage large volumes of data,
including customer viewing preferences, search queries, and user behavior. The data in the data lake is
used to personalize the user experience, improve content recommendations, and optimize content
delivery.
Uber. Uber uses a data lake called the "Michelangelo Data Lake" to store and manage large volumes of
data, including customer and driver data, trip data, and real-time data from its app. The data in the data
lake is used to optimize the user experience, improve driver matching algorithms, and provide real-time
data insights to drivers and customers.
General Electric. General Electric uses a data lake called the "Predix Data Lake" to store and manage
large volumes of data from various sources, including industrial sensors, equipment logs, and
maintenance records. The data in the data lake is used to optimize industrial operations, improve
predictive maintenance, and drive innovation in the industrial Internet of Things (IoT) space.
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Research proposal

Data lakes have become an important component of modern data architectures, and are used
by a wide range of companies across industries to store, manage, and analyze large volumes of data.
CONNECTING DIFFERENT KIND OF DATA FROM DATA LAKE
To connect different kinds of data in a data lake, organizations need to have a well-defined data
integration strategy in place. This involves identifying the various sources of data that will be stored in
the data lake, as well as the different types of data that will be stored (e.g., structured, semi-structured,
unstructured).
There are several approaches to connecting different kinds of data in a data lake, including:
Data ingestion. Data ingestion tools can be used to extract data from various sources and load it into the
data lake. These tools can handle structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data, and can perform
data transformations as needed to ensure that the data is in a consistent format.
Data cataloging. Data cataloging tools can be used to catalog the various types of data stored in the
data lake, including structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data. This makes it easier for users to
discover and access the data they need, regardless of its format.
Data modeling. Data modeling tools can be used to create a logical data model that defines the
relationships between different types of data in the data lake. This can help users to understand how the
data is structured and how it can be used to support various business processes.
Data virtualization. Data virtualization tools can be used to create a virtual layer over the data stored in
the data lake, allowing users to access and query the data regardless of its format. This can help to
simplify data access and improve data consistency across different applications and systems.
Connecting different kinds of data in a data lake requires a combination of tools and strategies
that are tailored to the specific needs of the organization. By investing in the right tools and building a
robust data integration strategy, organizations can ensure that their data lake provides a unified and
comprehensive view of their data assets, regardless of their format or source.
Example from real life
Here's an example of how different kinds of data can be connected in a data lake in a real-life
scenario:
Let's say a retail organization wants to build a data lake to store data from various sources,
including sales data from their point-of-sale (POS) systems, customer data from their loyalty program,
and website analytics data from their e-commerce platform.
To connect these different types of data in the data lake, the organization could use the
following strategies:
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Research proposal

 Data Ingestion. The organization could use data ingestion tools to extract sales data from
their POS systems, customer data from their loyalty program, and website analytics data
from their e-commerce platform. These tools could handle structured data (e.g., sales
transaction data), semi-structured data (e.g., customer data stored in JSON format), and
unstructured data (e.g., website clickstream data stored in log files).
 Data Cataloging: Once the data is loaded into the data lake, the organization could use data
cataloging tools to catalog the different types of data stored in the data lake. For example,
they could create metadata tags for sales data, customer data, and website analytics data,
which would make it easier for users to discover and access the data they need.
 Data Modeling: The organization could use data modeling tools to create a logical data
model that defines the relationships between different types of data in the data lake. For
example, they could create a data model that shows how customer data is related to sales
data, and how website analytics data can be used to understand customer behavior.
 Data Virtualization: The organization could use data virtualization tools to create a virtual
layer over the data stored in the data lake. This would allow users to access and query the
data regardless of its format. For example, a business analyst could use a data visualization
tool to create a dashboard that shows sales data, customer data, and website analytics
data in a single view.
By connecting these different types of data in the data lake, the organization could gain valuable
insights into their business operations, such as understanding customer behavior across different
channels (e.g., in-store, online), identifying patterns in sales data, and optimizing their marketing
campaigns based on website analytics data.
Velibor Bozic
PRECONDITIONS FOR BUILDING DATA LAKE
Before building a data lake, there are several preconditions that should be in place to ensure
that the project is successful. Some key preconditions for building a data lake include:
Clear business objectives. The organization should have a clear understanding of the business
problems that the data lake will help to solve, and the specific use cases for the data that will be stored
in the data lake. Without clear business objectives, the data lake may become a "data swamp" with
poorly organized and low-quality data that provides little value to the organization.
Robust data governance. To ensure the quality and reliability of the data in the data lake, the
organization should have a well-defined data governance framework that includes policies, processes,
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Research proposal

and tools for managing the data throughout its lifecycle. This should include data quality checks, data
lineage tracking, and metadata management.
Scalable infrastructure. Building a data lake requires a scalable and flexible infrastructure that can
handle large volumes of data, both structured and unstructured. This may involve a distributed file
system, such as Hadoop or Amazon S3, as well as tools for data ingestion, processing, and analysis.
Skilled personnel. Building and managing a data lake requires a team of skilled personnel with expertise
in data engineering, data architecture, data governance, and data analysis. The organization should
invest in training and hiring personnel with the necessary skills and experience to successfully build and
manage a data lake.
Collaborative culture. To successfully leverage the insights gained from the data in the data lake, the
organization should foster a collaborative culture that encourages cross-functional teams to work
together to solve business problems and make data-driven decisions. This may involve breaking down
silos between different departments and promoting a data-driven mindset throughout the organization.
Building a successful data lake requires careful planning, investment in the right infrastructure
and personnel, and a collaborative culture that values data-driven decision making.
PROS AND CONS OF DATA LAKES
Pros
 Flexible Data Storage. Data Lakes are designed to store large amounts of data in their native
format, which means that data can be stored in a raw, unstructured or semi-structured format,
without the need for a pre-defined schema. This makes it easy to store and manage large volumes
of data from different sources, without the need for extensive data transformation.
 Scalability: Data Lakes can easily scale up to handle large volumes of data, which means that
organizations can easily expand their data storage capacity as needed. Data Lakes are typically
built using distributed computing technologies such as Apache Hadoop, which means that they can
be scaled horizontally by adding more nodes to the cluster.
 Low Cost: Data Lakes are typically built using open-source technologies, which means that they can
be implemented at a lower cost than traditional data warehousing solutions. Additionally, since data
can be stored in its raw format, organizations can avoid the cost of data transformation and data
modeling.
 Real-Time Data Processing: Data Lakes can be used to perform real-time data processing, which
means that organizations can analyze data as it is being generated, rather than waiting for data to
be loaded into a data warehouse. This makes it easier for organizations to make timely decisions
based on the most up-to-date data.
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Research proposal

Cons:
 Complexity: Data Lakes can be complex to design, build, and manage. Since data can be
stored in its raw format, it can be difficult to ensure data quality, and organizations may need to
invest in data governance and metadata management tools to ensure that the data is accurate,
complete, and up-to-date.
 Security: Data Lakes can present security risks, as they can contain sensitive data that can be
accessed by multiple users. Organizations need to ensure that they have robust security
controls in place to prevent unauthorized access to the data.
 Skill Requirements: Data Lakes require a high level of technical expertise to design, build, and
manage. Organizations may need to invest in training and hiring personnel with the necessary
skills to manage a data lake, which can be a challenge in today's highly competitive job market.
 Lack of Standards: Data Lakes do not have a standardized architecture, which means that
organizations need to make design and implementation decisions on their own. This can lead to
inconsistencies in data management and governance practices, which can impact the quality
and reliability of the data in the data lake.
RISKS IN DATA LAKES
While data lakes can provide many benefits, there are also some risks and challenges that
organizations should be aware of when building and managing a data lake. Here are some common
risks and challenges associated with data lakes:
 Data Quality Issues: Data lakes can contain large volumes of data from a variety of sources,
and it may be difficult to ensure the quality and accuracy of all the data. Poor data quality can
lead to inaccurate analyses and decisions, and can also create data governance issues.
 Data Security and Privacy: Data lakes can contain sensitive data, and organizations need to
ensure that appropriate security and privacy controls are in place to protect this data from
unauthorized access, theft, or other forms of compromise.
 Data Governance: Data lakes can create governance challenges, including how to manage
data ownership, data lineage, and data access. Organizations need to establish clear data
governance policies and procedures to ensure that data is managed in a consistent and
compliant manner.
 Complexity and Scalability: Data lakes can become complex and difficult to manage as they
grow in size and complexity. Organizations need to implement scalable architecture and tools
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Research proposal

that can support the management of large volumes of data and accommodate changing
business needs.
 Integration Challenges: Data lakes can involve the integration of data from a variety of sources,
and this can create technical challenges and integration issues. Organizations need to carefully
plan and manage the integration of data from different sources to ensure that it is properly
aligned with business needs.
While data lakes can provide many benefits, organizations need to carefully plan and manage
the implementation of a data lake to ensure that they can manage the risks and challenges associated
with this approach. This may involve implementing appropriate data governance policies and
procedures, establishing security and privacy controls, and implementing scalable architecture and tools
that can support the management of large volumes of data.

MITIGATION THE RISKS IN DATA LAKES

There are several steps organizations can take to mitigate the risks associated with data lakes.
Here are some examples:
Data Governance. Implementing strong data governance policies and procedures can help to ensure
that data is accurate, consistent, and secure. This includes establishing data quality standards, access
controls, and data retention policies.
Data Lineage. Establishing data lineage, or a record of how data is acquired, processed, and
transformed, can help to ensure that data is trustworthy and that errors can be traced back to their
source.
Data Cataloging. Maintaining a catalog of data assets can help to ensure that data is well-managed and
can be easily located and accessed. This includes tagging data assets with metadata such as data type,
data owner, and data lineage information.
Data Security. Implementing strong data security measures, such as encryption, access controls, and
monitoring, can help to protect data from unauthorized access, theft, or misuse.
Data Privacy. Ensuring compliance with data privacy regulations, such as GDPR and CCPA, can help to
protect the privacy rights of individuals whose data is stored in the data lake.
Data Architecture. Developing a well-designed data architecture can help to ensure that data is well-
organized and that data processing pipelines are optimized for performance and scalability.
Data Monitoring. Implementing data monitoring and alerting tools can help to identify issues such as
data inconsistencies, data quality issues, or unauthorized access in real-time, allowing organizations to
respond quickly.
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Research proposal

Proper control for manage inconsistence and errors in data

Here are some of the best practices for managing inconsistency and errors in data:
 Data Validation: This involves validating the data as it is ingested into the data lake to ensure
that it is accurate and complete. This can be done using data profiling and validation tools such
as Apache Nifi, Trifacta, or AWS Glue.
 Data Cleansing: This involves cleaning and standardizing the data to remove inconsistencies
and errors. Data cleansing tools such as OpenRefine, Talend, or DataWrangler can be used to
automate this process.
 Data Quality Monitoring: This involves monitoring the data over time to ensure that it remains
consistent and accurate. Data quality monitoring tools such as Apache Atlas, AWS Lake
Formation, or Azure Data Factory can be used to automate this process.
 Data Lineage: This involves tracking the movement of data through the data lake to ensure that
it is properly governed and managed. Data lineage tools such as Apache Atlas, AWS Lake
Formation, or Azure Data Catalog can be used to automate this process.
 Data Governance: This involves establishing policies and procedures for managing and
governing the data stored in the data lake. This can include establishing data ownership,
access controls, and data retention policies.
 Data Auditing: This involves auditing the data lake to ensure that it is being used in compliance
with regulatory requirements and internal policies. This can be done using auditing tools such
as Apache Ranger, AWS CloudTrail, or Azure Monitor.
Managing inconsistency and errors in data requires a combination of tools, processes, and
governance practices to ensure that the data stored in the data lake is accurate, consistent, and reliable.
By implementing these best practices, organizations can reduce the risk of errors and ensure that the
data can be used effectively for analytics and decision-making.
STUDIES WHICH SHOW BENEFITS OF DATA LAKES
There are many studies and reports that have highlighted the benefits of data lakes for
organizations. Here are a few examples:
 A study by Forrester Consulting found that companies that implemented data lakes saw an average
ROI of 295% over a three-year period. The study also found that companies that implemented data
lakes were able to achieve faster time-to-insight, reduced data processing costs, and improved data
quality.
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Research proposal

 A report by TDWI found that data lakes can enable more advanced analytics, including predictive
modeling, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. The report also found that data lakes can
help organizations to improve data governance and reduce data silos.
 A case study by AWS highlighted how data lakes can enable organizations to gain a more
comprehensive view of their data assets, and can help to identify new insights and opportunities.
The case study highlighted how data lakes can help organizations to improve their customer
experience, increase revenue, and reduce costs.
These studies and reports demonstrate the potential benefits of data lakes for organizations. By
enabling organizations to bring together large volumes of data from a wide range of sources, data lakes
can help organizations to gain new insights, improve decision-making, and achieve a range of business
benefits.
The specific numbers or indicators of improvement that an organization can expect to see from
implementing a data lake will depend on a variety of factors, including the size of the organization, the
complexity of its data ecosystem, and the specific use cases for the data lake.
That said, here are some examples of the types of improvements that organizations have seen
from implementing data lakes:
Improved Time-to-Insight. By bringing together data from a variety of sources into a single platform, data
lakes can enable organizations to analyze data more quickly and efficiently. This can help to reduce the
time required to identify new insights and opportunities, and can enable faster decision-making. For
example, a study by Forrester Consulting found that companies that implemented data lakes were able
to achieve a 62% reduction in time-to-insight.
Cost Savings. By enabling organizations to store and analyze large volumes of data more efficiently,
data lakes can help to reduce data processing costs. For example, a case study by AWS highlighted
how one organization was able to reduce its data processing costs by 90% after implementing a data
lake.
Improved Data Quality. Data lakes can help organizations to improve data quality by enabling data
profiling, data cleansing, and other data management activities. For example, a case study by Microsoft
highlighted how one organization was able to improve its data quality by 25% after implementing a data
lake.
Increased Revenue. By enabling organizations to gain new insights and identify new opportunities, data
lakes can help to increase revenue. For example, a case study by AWS highlighted how one
organization was able to increase its revenue by $30 million per year after implementing a data lake.
 Velibor Božić
Research proposal

The specific improvements that an organization can expect to see from implementing a data
lake will depend on a variety of factors, but the examples above illustrate the types of benefits that
organizations have seen from this approach.
CONCLUSION
Data lakes are a powerful tool for organizations that want to bring together large volumes of
data from a wide range of sources into a unified platform for analysis and insights. By enabling
organizations to store, manage, and analyze large amounts of data, data lakes can help organizations
to gain a more comprehensive understanding of their data assets, identify new insights and
opportunities, and make more informed decisions.
However, building and managing a data lake is not without its challenges, and organizations
need to carefully plan and implement their data lake strategy to ensure that they can manage the risks
and challenges associated with this approach. This may involve implementing appropriate data
governance policies and procedures, establishing security and privacy controls, and implementing
scalable architecture and tools that can support the management of large volumes of data.
Data lakes represent a powerful approach to data management and analysis, and can provide
significant benefits for organizations that are willing to invest the time and resources required to build
and manage them effectively.
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Research proposal

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