auc itution of Mining’ | jand UCC sep a iesi i Underground Excavations in RockTHER GOOKS ON GEOFECHNICS AND FOUNDATICNS FROM E & FH SPON ssign and Construction of Enginesreg Founcetions Seder, Dec, Henry seh Pressure and Essh-Rataiing Structures P| Clayton, J Mlltsky ard FL Woods Iginooring the Chennel Tunes Ned by 8. Kisiane saingarng Treatment of Eos Bel) vundations en Rack Wylie elute 01d Darnzge of Concrete and Rack - FDGR-2 ed by F, P, Russie “aun improvement : ‘ee by Wl > Rosey # Design and Constauchon Practice J. Tominsen GC Fleming. A. Wietan, MA F Renealpy and W. K Elson doh Slope Encincering Hoe ang. Bray visstuctue Iteration: Numerics! Analysis 2n0 Modeling Ties by 7, Cul 1 Mechanics craig “yeisal Foundatiors Manual fr Loeesse Bulsings F aturson nc wal Grouts Hedby ®. LJ. fomane eras. A. Jess 1 Blaitiy of Stopes Fe Beanie Icetground Exesuaions in Rocke Hoek and E. 7 Brain darpinning and Renin Ned 2S Thorburn and G. $Littjshn 1 dotals of these and other ‘itles, contact the Promotions Oeperement &°N Spon, 2£ Beuncary Rew, worsdon SE1 SHN, Tet 071-869 C06 { saris sengenietgenrso ee ies ie nc Santen eer ecco BR SeSHeE Underground Excavations in Rock ‘evised first edition Evert Hoek D,SetEng] Consulting Engineer Vancouver, B.C., Canada and Edwin T. Brown Ph.D Deputy Viea-Chancellor University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia Published } po © cate sone 2 reer a8Se secssad 3 = OPENED NLS assist Yyae-tjose 510-1009 scion gon-yesco scm-onsso0-am Sig pate ae | T oe 2s wwe yee me ‘Stan invaste A GLASSFICATION PAMaMENESS 2x0. THER FATINGS EPaawe=eR RANGES GF VALUES IANIGS CLASSIFICATION OF JQINTED ROCK WASSES oo ah | ee ps | hae SESE ‘|e [ee [Dam [om [pa ew Beer Tetra |e oie FoR ONT careers SFEECT OF ONT SVANE «ND OF ORENTATIONS I TUNSELLIE eea OB eS 6a Ig.eyets Rsk lity Desinctige a eta oo ior engine bdo) raprsenteg fn stluee,(INC/0.3 ans eae tran felt cle'tite | Glay so fe selves aS alan esa ca the ah weeten: {eae tsa oer |eencea sata iy “tan ing 8. Hgmeiy aearag Jove wate Chats of oily clyge Ssrette Seka rg aageey ay 2 ag = 2 os as = 1 car) f Tenediation’dosiy sen) Single ahace 2onez + soneetant cok nny Fre! CaaS SPs SS eck foiay real, ah, bla stress, sor suche sp 1 tion sera mew 06s eis 2cck suse neso hue oak Nan rack Bore (nssstve ens) ‘eins teadd jase oy eae restce eat abs Boren Ge fh) ee Ts by al WSS E LS oct Phe scionnte ete eaaie SEES |uve tsChapter 2 references FuaTsehivon €18\= Sell hechandes tert. 5d feay SS SNS BE gat Aly arobiens causa ‘Coavorenos, IME, tou York, 1972 ee a pbb se ton aes to ‘eahirg otine 1. isis. 3epct 39-108Chapter 3: Geological data callection Sate GE Eeiceeat, "Ete aerol Sy Brakoeeee vise ae aot togensee By Hast 388 weet a cope th fn Be ete coveames nay Benet Seige eile Sg Sao ota ot eserman18 tears AMO Han lots < GePnysiem COLCA KLeMMURS FOR WLNCNOMD VAN vweiat | Gantogian entroenent epidontion Einsenetoas ea OUST SS oe [gg ea mo Bane | eee ara tte attest] tFeacie dames seteatine [meee Roles ae te For reat gone a eel HIS I fet Bh PRR eee ov anerie esces yormcrny attaton = Mourn aie tot we's af Tyrenemace acts mesuten coh sine oot tat [ager Yucations I sed Se Saline sceSP toneSha, 2 pee et ee Se PRE Dea ak BORE. Soe ek a, 1836 nat prcamacteal iy. Hala raion steben™ Pao. ESC Soe et sr iiarraaterg, ise Vabed 5 lo iin aanee Se a presentation of geological datasoso aieCeretrvtion of 2 areat circle by reprstent « plane / 4 fod \ oes | EA,lating ané ensipsis of Feld ansaresensSowa + ties of 31 gate toretning snipe pasa tn nee» Seta ot lnST rigore fateh prs sant utt oe Se Shi gave cP sts Dave fo ihe’ uie’ af che scereogrouhie projeetion far sete Invited co atey evs ta foltowiey Wate et te arolections Sourses of aren in ttturel det coTeeton Protien at jornsaaeaing ae Clepmerie rae oge 0° stracureT lanes rene reneefn Sole falChapter 4 references cit, nates of enongng #8 SEM St an oe gia sebes BE MENS Tea soya, Ha, RAED, Ob, LLORES ane “Tossonigacloedy Noy 7458 Chapter 5 Stresses around underground excavations ncatetson SURES root rh Seaford fa'ttsn oesal i Jeane sercer see hoe "7 ae 9i at cat Pease tooee ays Figure 38 + en's etratscleeles{se oveonan wlth she nala Sealer on pleas by egistoes oe pees er ag en che mtben nF MRS OF EH aoe au Pei rpeted Scio farsa fest ca 2 BESS eee Hoss Store! Bee EE Site! toeen! ist EiNisere, euler else é OUR ain reser HL Mite mins rasan # BS Nunc i gtnes Gaoysiene fea evlanise 2 B lene is SU dologite ee Bo fect One Ene $ BEC Se Bans pecanNeves Tost fie, Heveds #0 agg emer 2 Alnay Kee York e a m,n, bts a ee = Tost maa EA 3 ponies ES San = Setors) Stason SEERHEL Et oho Fates, Sholsscerants 33 nite oe ieinliague peeincycewsh feh'g Sots grag i Henares aie Fs 8 8 % 3. vearicn sraseaf 3a 2s we : of a oo vee fp + | - ' al al ; 7 ! ; . i 1 * % + t i o vsee | fd x i ! . Te futTnagn joe L ' area my | use states ity iia poe pp Tf Toth cpearapn end elude Se ‘Ges conser oeea 20 ane sgation dabei tit STS cowagnS “F FOIWT Key)segs tom toe serePHAM AH ivtitriyt i itiHiit ae eaEe ee eeaut 52 : lee nodal conten ¢ serie of Solas cepreneting|Chapter 5 referencesro, "1BF reper ieesuaT a fats oegeh 85. ee tate 6, Sci. ia SET oe ath Sone eid, sapse See Ia BE Haba ure nsosureancy tn Soucy, i, a Ek. Poses ist ae 1.iesrfe argaces Bet Sy oF Pate btn (95h papse De Setiois of ssaiogte rack and rock meeses erection sted co tia seaeh for = sultebie ral ure iseting ar ema ote oF2 : iSte sen Leioratony sesting of Satter race samples ester entayis carson ie ante ae teal snare = satires aes aest on wayeee reeciee pitlesting cout Geta, cere has hey tahen lo eveure et i SEED Shee]aggane £2Cystprieg esamestone Pore Bs sere a ~ aman em aSree bee son Sh(etesay (30a) 38 2Go Is the wolue af 6 at ween 15 tatu, wes ea maa ss ss 87 om 20 a 38 nossa Bor hs ass goon hms nua nie ne 2a? Zo nae 9th ar oes ove Sed os 1.06 Fog 28 08s 0.98 og? alse ossoem igo 1 957 105 bane 6 ers 3 vase 6 + 50000 18/2 te = 1625 Sint 05 = 16008 int w win? & oe = HOR Wie? = erescoping ergtza= sa fh tar ess 308ae for rectenorese cone lowe3° detge nil pin Paaus ew Scions spatan ding, ction t8 199 tonesl Path Seer re tiafasts tear persons SO en eT ies Ue erento) Fee eet arse aye eed tock enwinaet ity [eto clear fat cent eld Neprloh he setad tn Figure 8e,* 265 We rr re | igure £3; Teoniat test ratuitesr ar —— a iChapter 6 reterences 18. hits, feck frectara unr seach strate sardine es aig as be ger 8, Ge Feta. assy tl, glen I eco, 12 Rago, oe Bophes estat Bs fet latag erature: imesrie Eosemded iakeucon Spo AES, TT ase cee ante a's dlsbatot iat uonasesy, vg SUB SY ah Dea ee ose oer sings 2D. FRM a oe ble 8, Sa MS Bh ko 1 F316) psg0e 17°53. A, teicipe fal ee spate ane sian Bigee seen. dale gas 198) a VWs, ELEsMBKL, 2.7, Eetjroing wh. stanath af coe EGR Tint RE BGR E ot, 1, ele tayatunns tabersvess pers, IE SH WSs Facer Bit SEAT pone | Frisia eggretscn Resa tard 8 oe80 aah eget 15 BRS Wes ang * Bae OA oe aS vs 5 BS OP Eten Ss Mae, ‘he toenanice| sense Ce R ns 2,2'SS aaa U2 fee tok we quits ny ee US bm, Fh, effets of eteton ae a Rs Son Sines Wines 13 phen ance soca, ee me Seeige TES SEE Fas ern es see ied eeghnioa) in sta SNe Praga 783. wewrasy MB giant Degen Ng-aSe and S788. ve Jatces, on ses Wonk. oun. Bey 18 Moan bes Sea Beha ot pee eared asec, SM 8 ane eee, ug seen paiaee oy vr Tore 1978p baresChapter 7+ Underground excavation failure mechanisms 299, fmt woee ae eeCIEE ATRL Se ee Fe etae ote sidenSe Sot FT aspen fnos eee 910 anste oF ts 6 2) gi? 83 Hea 25 | 7 va + Mot or of safety f=TAGLE 13 + neTa IMLURED FH CAL PILLAN ARLES AaLaSOW nD HARE Pillar weighs, 8 fae ca, tart ee EEGs aye eara.i9 ope RPS my ric ube of coe (4 In taftot Ti mesre ete] ata a a's 20) 9 Maltese er = ah om ep Sater feat atuy'eh oe 2) Sastopend™® t fvor ination: tn netresto ee asl tao clused ta, rigure 8 te 4 Sitoaean of th teingy for che $8 steble alliar concerted y'sclon nsadoa in thin any (no Generel aeeestee Soa CAA HESr a Cones ange Soh ot th Sher for (Gone cates mag, 137 amt Selon rd Mien oe = kip sh frais eosinSpicer oar” eam” __ oe we ae “S, , fntion 15 surmecce te the eeraneeh of = pier eusence Ah Bayne! scum ma neve ‘on ts shoe ara sto wean iis fear or Sota ‘me 14 comzeurs eusesrce ov ytons autos fon eines Phuae 081 I tute eM 9.52 -2.067 Crem Faaren aee ne ee 283 052 0.75 “0.117 tend at cee serrate, RNS ten nn oe ter pute 0.38 oittne sage ove pitlar stearate FrTevaca fray SateLies ls Slope falar ty aloe sum Inver ilysire a Siseleeias 622 and 65 = 8:10, p= 58.7 8m ret [hs - Alog B Be int Sarnosihateed teeats Gan 30 ind Chapter 7 references6 Aivisg insoserings dontor 1 Stunt Sliurals svessoaee 2574 Higa steength ef chal fini. gy fox Maghawiay ue Semeg Sonase V5 Ts, 35 seus ir Uo 138 lene ip ip lana #3 bares) Seat cietutat mor 8718, 1993, page ie cevelsg sygrarstin rag fae te rosin, Aa satan wae gla Berg Berns TE Suge ants 1a. ens 13219Chapter 8: Underground excavation support designpened syaetaee iittbttrttikBEB by eager Berets Ie be era ES seention fer PARSE + inti inceny «sta ag 5) iby = ya) 3 : 33 ree rye Bowe hrs + stl? ten . rece + eed = mebet tos) ee han ceielen aloe ges by 26+ Rime Boe roa vo tet LE coe 1) HE Salute Stans Slteracsetat tae aati oP Zhe ea nB wee aflng rag)? = 4 NE ed 01 (Eg cag Bc imeets #0Taree / a Sleres owner” SPT ATS TEST Ta OE ATESE AAD Cate cs later ee2 sqetsion 131 1 seals pie ee = reOaTTEN TE) Gee tayte TP on neae 178) ua canst eet var 84> 20> Me co wend umn a oe on 3,7 Se oo ee ® se rele tates poss , senie ns) cot be poke [eietse + seer cost pes teecr |CHEN FOF FOLKSa LO estore late ci Tree oe | 5 7 oot deseriotion a feeatn foe 9. 8 sk s ge gotd nine, 9.944 Tae ue a8 ta 83 | otere BUS me a | sgatenersea cae - j over aes snc, Tk te " ee 6 Eeyorstes ap oars af Se ea svat, armen as oe | cotearocus ef ‘aken dan, Inala nF oresaore cherber St the tae Toa ese cue SEE ee OL ateerenss hai pee bere BG feie7 tr Sonll, 302 Jesh late jecting we re caret Vronacte dan Rovenia 5? 38 prvsaure enter pets = TA erat ia ! ‘atta, odious of tedarsoee oeea eee se a 6 » ate Te corsage “ Soodegove# elete sapere Fides. pref 0.18 Jock 0s Tersone ean aes ssarascone, piace Toudinw v.et.2 Gusrortacaue petite dy ttaty aces oang ine GRE . : : fonds ore & cangfonerate Tron# dam, 143ly z wee : ware) seruczure 179 ee : Sandstene, Sos DST ake ot i Turkey 6m jock Oe ae er tunnet, France jaek fest ry 225-188 soe ST EER ons ab ea pressure euaber woseng sericea see Bites an She | . Saale OSS She ¢ guerctea nec, tes SER ea aot | coenst aprile dan. tevly russe tomer Fg gk “ sat . [eS eeag 2 8.38 Sect ie hek asic af tunnel epfemotlon?eare) soniuk SUSE Ih gh Pelee Figurs 36 iottof tht vated tober to site Taine ge sree 18 Thoin Lees a ae59 ug gh support sien ne tung Hes anf eeseee mae Sera etree08 He (ete wrin8y Bens 0.37108 Wet torsty snd peranent subpar?cea ae ae 2 Sa Terie 007 te a 2 loot 25s son) or rege. mvc)Siders a8i t i i q i I ! “Gdauclons 1 oa tae ae vee sa Ln naeReha Bee ‘ Peomce D ecces, Legare rend ar taene fb tact el mre lack ("ison i“hign tensite notte py hea Bho Fone MEG ET RSE Ss See i Biel nad be opial,AOU Ise Minas Lieitad gonenstote 3 ell stoterete ing ia sepurinunra taeston 3 af 1) eecousn of the kedoes pote af th neti y Sos Se aSehe Anoka thon gy ao ch cn otnead roc masses of te syst 0h lag in vary SIN hoe te Se 1 sete wget, tas at 1 Sree a deena at ly Peairiae Siove dheserey tepratelon at fe ‘nig lover, above 2mm thick: would verve 20 seo] ome TOIT EPs eal east apie oot ae of rans Care ea Jone atteiy ns the pcan a Canela ssChapter 8 referencesi, eZ?RE eR eee aea a a m “ese ~~Fine 5 ntEAmIGALSY COHAN.tte to danage"cen berries the past Pomtees gate Fs etch tothe Sea rte ahPutaation of ataveste ont oe poe etorcal and Tae 1 (igh ravid os frte siete rca de atin ae vo . ko h75o woo * ons te, $0 (0-500) wz ne. 309 40.451 tee Giaw ae.g es a te as bine soma = - - Gee x pee dag ei - Gsm! see ten ness acd 8 es 1 lng 10 us os. Sim) Os penne an fe rsuee ip) + Recarended neat fon eagae (9F enbired fine emer spatestts 7Chapter 9 referencesSifeeinyrE Chepier ti: Instrumentation PChapter 1 references Boston vat Ses fie, Wo). 19, 1958, paves SheAppendix 1: Bibliography on large undergrourd excavetionsSB. AMMEN, oy, Tye Fovcncn yt Shu! ice! ate 5 ts its. pees fone S550 Bo pigs ST acbesie oF 931 at fone ORayesP tie tion. tes ma, ol 6 far 9 gen $6995 fer "Pesan, wi dy 2 8H iy TIS, FT pat Merton (ern fc setanes toner essay uo $y tee &. sine oles % Tele hase ST einratrausiels Fe“gon nae lcs pat season 1 Ete Goeits Sake arr SAve soot Se edb 5 eles eap ates SESE fe 1858, poe 3 th yet the goog Ty Tee pacisa eee ae PG amu aL6 Settee A atl de oie Sonne ef oe fee EEE So Bae rot MIME Ss BA $00 feng a trem 23 ce Ale eh bloesee, L.A, 4 UOFED, slg i rk eesrattay, Wel JB, 1805s pages OT-2E Si ar ion er ndieiealatidod signa 1c. apd etn, 2.3. 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Shaury glo! sell mek irtae of (Be canto Eesitte PEE ets silt (echo st sh eeacees ewe ee ee Sg ee ea i mat ee ste hy Settle uv inige ond cattrns’ [Suontod wk aise Ta 1557 fos fire mo 253 Jesse crate weh wtatyceaced Fp gaunt peterseat-sirne roa — | 8 Phe on mussel wane, | aera eae | a “Foch FYPES AN CHEDITIONS ‘suPrci E ve 1 fe wo Pome [ieee “Vea stg an an cenicete elm Age 1] 142, 890 ii Sees ar To Enoch greta | Lesh ons Tad gee lose! sewes 9 ote woe ariel ces) ire Carl eG |e tea is lnm hares cre owe costa heer Aic taba 2 Sega aes we Feces ate [tints hat Syenece| TONER tere Se aR ees et ee a 1 '5E Ray oe oe Sei gece ures Serinaee or EU dent “[itpanes plant chars nj cantesy Hmrlinee 606 i! rection ot ition tr seu tens Sintec in le Prtsee aeAppendix 3: Stresses around single openingsCLCer rt me Pec eydimensional boundary stemant stress analysis Appsndix4 _ a ctipiosee au" al'eveltieg lh hge sere 9" = ln Speen ae eva Te utteh lie Sy ens peeea soe dor OE = 1. kes = 1 Snstcazen eywrenry cbowt Sesh fr08) unt ae cates‘ aalos ssigad Co AL oe EGE GEC orton a wot ihe Gee Set inane aver safah aig te ees Rac tne aun of 98d afoul be to tgs gan thy elanent cen Sune) Sa See ne pasar eat Serpe oe8 pig eh FOS. aeTH FaILIRE arte ae ease hE aed ald noe | f cn dato aioe des 1 sovare wenavi ysis" by wonasdufaus Tactserde webs ased earthen 230) 8 21 Cag 422c43, 29638). 20) Tosn arses taeeesecseg, ee eee B Hotel rang Pee) atLECea # abuduet alent ae BEE LID"Tecoe nseeyaesaze nthe nde (beth AUT PRLLCOOE (GE 9 (ANG ,1C008 ea 1e is Feasftin ///,7%,280t008 OF PRGELLD TFL IS +RONGD 1 ER Fe ies ore aps HE Cayaan wacenuuynzesneyeomemaberteRNS a, EL RTEED case @ ne motets oe ne a) rearsTieriog) EENCA De, eaaLay Sea Saemaa ran PATTY 7 325). Gann ER wo are asoveee: soecdtaabsst8) End Por WE GEES, Tl usta aancte Se LIB wees Srvgstos oF EALEATICAL 08 CIRCULAY SEGNEN'S INTE ELEDEATS. SRSTETIO ISD REDE, 20rgb, fas Reesneseerss retage s tcwia's cali} eeu w COE Oe : ERLE) # ROS«(COSCCHI? 4824097 r9tN E042 1ACOSPRT RATION OAS tet > tha + ocen " pee ae EAD 1 HORCGSRCEDER megt 1 EME noeegersarion ¢ ag oa Bi RN POSSE CIE uey 8 re OTVISeON oF sruatenr Lye gesHEnTe rHT0 eLEnEas Poe HUE Moteze zen. bres Uitexd}eseeg Pe? SN 2t DEERE 2h tease ELD TRE Dena a EUROPE Sera tr Dasdnd HIND NEEL et BS ZovctTen sf scuypany reacreens DUE TO AG0NDARY ue aEenc3s109 Lenabpandte aE US tee ype tsy2ryeas) ao Foner brady agen Str paseereene et sti/aey ! TEE ar ERS sero gt AGT cance senza © ouveenmorepy, ar ueuracggra a teaeaernt TO eTHseeS EELS Galena sae Reese SETHE EUR GS ESUIGD SPU SE ea emag «meet Soe eceeee re eeeL Teed. aveneavnesa foods SLaeeezate cease sees ~ 9.5) + Suggsingrngertoaz2? Stade 2 Sted iethaece eases pf phessntains. cecal) sar EauPinie’”IE TL SAGAR ESSE rocsear one EGG stk ris duce TSOP ELE ones = wa kat OI SERGW Sauget, theame cot = cuetezananees (ty OsIekeTLATION OF sofess consonevrs, exsuciPAn coaesses Fela ee 8a sy Frat SS3reeei) aang SUPER ERE ences etcoesczi eed + cezc1) SELGRSGUE T peau cusieg + eat TE STE Cloned = saazeeah SED Sete 1 BS SSG ESEEEN Chie MERGES Logo. Jelfeatone ) 0 + aessorsiar Pein Nia esas et Reeee) EOL TRIES Lousessccezeee EDS ELsiieeaky geez - sgigpssunes SG + AGRE T BeaHSecHRd © {GES > ezeaieeites BS0b 2 SUttiteaease $ Shaan Pe faseqancd ty asevo}] Ang. 2 0061 nef Huprardasiage « moaceea) 2e1aad( oes [Ug p00) a ecafangt iaagcesh ay (whntes™U9%e21) BE SGP Cases ah eteses cor eine case) ne AMICI Say aoytgp WEEE E308 "ta 162 Pe) Shah aug FRSETUN gfssan a2uSTREQSES 400 OESPUACENENES «AND FATLURE CRITE SH REECE, wssensaimcoses sno oxsrtactnbntsy soe ratcane c61rF OHM Phas. seszs tepnsaetas tus aee toeneancton ary amsiah Paruost GAITERIGS aap F4cTER er SaFETY ce 430 etree BeiecHESiCss3screoecoun seicea = zeveon tae > soar ouesiscusya3tay sgasrezestée) SBE TOU Sse scerssaranirenyererasSo We GPiz062D,GFyie0) Bo TS sat Bis ae satiety seben) ae ee BNE se EELS 2 SEER Germcmemaans we errs or stent ea SAETECH AUST eat1) cz). s16s 2, steacta agewats wert Bean 5) Hy CHU 19 /2CT9 SEGA CLI STEED ghana Eas ENTE aT eEwrees oF Faun nk) se TO 595 ota PRURERTIES, SIGE RH 8 sso,0oven 2s06n0 ynaay sstGs AHS, 26, sEyEe EL “olan! By? Coe ef Taf anaLySTS fh HOMOGENCUS oREYETATTORAL OTA ae UEMESTS Satin lysed) castes) (LAST) Berek Fsbo aces tone 6.300sony gy a ce HRS sea ristes igual et Bit yeentea orasia que sac teal SLATE Karo¥oeR a GH91NES Uy WOLD TAME mee =ie Par 345,000 seins Bena onthe faitune ho FAICme We” Peat :Appendix 5+ Determination of material constants an wee ele; at (aaa Der = tone envelope eer erscaane one enunlen “ary aseten ef tohe etretes fe auye #8) 95 ¢ (eo Hoare? + + verse an al ws tae fury Hnear eepsesionaalal of wie st aan fo ee “Seen es iat 4. alculsce ug must and Beantiticciate SSE Sp DEN, Stctate ila coh slay c/n, el ten Sion Walon “ Sinan tach SP ape A balaelane Appendix 6 > Underground wedge analysis 2 Tar wadaes. dt taad by ches 6) the wedge floets ore SR) SECURE i ekeecar sttset Une rar aae farce edi oun fs toe the race farsh, fe) the wane tenes terete eaon feo 2 rata eee oh a) ate taza 1 tea Zeee (ent or side!ton. Sag Sinag, Si 2 vena 2 deans oF faeae © [Ans Helseter af esr Fy = iran be teal Aetan pe # eal/ fnssle NFR s 0, me Hane 6, se cteans apt vecte te Ae 20 m= Bore 5 6, sree onc on pitt Bad Dalek estasin of Seales isons > altel # tan Wee boy snaliralasl A» Gs nah Hem 2 Y > bane 15.9, ceasace secure an planes 3 en | with sepstesicn en Factor of Solecy Fe © fhe tonty+ eslAsi tAiTordy + o1| 3 fy seule U4, 62) etevation on gles y gente wien seen 89 Sector af Ssfaty = Glan te = estaliee fattor of fofasy Ty = Oiyfan bet exit E us 6, somcstfon se alate 2, wemge une Set Rev eid be ghee) eceosof tery $y hy anes 7 enbl38 alestttan “a iancicel vo thet deserted above exceot for ete felloing 5 sats Gite + Gey - HAH fo’ woe 2m 2a [ o. e &T Some moo mm “ve hp = moan, ay 7 MITE hy = 0.32489 2 shes ‘ jon nn plans 3 rector af Satany Fy > 1880stn Sp saa fie Fy 0.50735 ss sagt fe = 081 ws proptan ) Sut wb seers resent wedges 1> the mat (erehlen 3) ane Appendix 7: Conversion factors: St untt eatiaae 51 gobata ate eainietons bogerist vere 0 eames ross aSela'n tree agen me t.s90 at Ockk tyes sites Se a" Ne woue 1 at s.286 9 Bs 9? ‘sadn al vse Be 1.906 taine ewe Is.olg agent 8.08 bon erg mated 1572 io? nage cna yg sent te PABA gags ty Wit B.S ee Worry ae ig fee BERG of Moy whe gases ants Peer G8 toto gist rip ttle HIT minre nono oseBoon ayteasa oat aatieywetinattgn al AS ie con ce ele Tac aes hata eee eee ten ee Hees trae underground esovtions OT LaNa see mete DNENinlr, definisron oF 133 ee Tomy ae one, Tersagh geteetela 9° 155 coh KO oe te gre fooocsmnfe ee erase S748sal Stang ueey tose 3035, 17, 35, Sogh Ea aes termites meson 318 sais ap mp ov ae SUTTE Ses seeltale apnea 2 ‘Sh irstrerourtencovetlng 385-394 score tclantal tat date on U2, He tg ahs eisecing Eh giectton ornjuct one avccaie, placement ef 32-38) Cee ne sass 23584 Seicree! Inng2 fle qenirc ot 25-29 MTgtatay aaa” 1 Tilers fatlues eee sit" ooiifer se sueqecion ounarisn, ‘imonch iseel ng Rote ler et 0 seee ee ee eee STRESS sal OGRE SSS ee we senile) a EO ERSTE Mw ean Cr SSMU Ce eB Tancton wg of racks Se} TePEGGEE ogok losd clawsiticarion He, 12, "Spree ene Ey iiaecteaie grace SPS i Beerestag teUnderground Excavations in Rock deals with the geotechnical aspects of the design of underground openings for mining and civil enginearing purposes. It has bean written for the engineer or geologist who is nat 2 specialist in rock or soil mechanics and contains # number of worked examples to assist the reader in epplying the techniques desctibed ta his or her own problems. The role of structural discontinuities in controlling ths stebitity of underground excavations is emphasised and grachical and analytical techniques for assessing these problems are presented, Stress-induced instablity fs dealt with Ina comprehensive manner; the discussica includes the definition ofa failure eriterion for rack and rock masses, tna analysis of stresses around underground openings anc the choice of support to stabilise exeavetions in which stress-induced instability is @ problem. Gver 300 references are cited in the toxt, and a bioliography containing over 360 roferences an laxge uneloraround excavations is given, in an appendix. Anothar appendix contains a computer program which uses the boundary element mathed to caleulate stresses and displacements around underground excavations. Evert Hook studied mechanical anginaering at the University of Cape Town, gaining both batcholor's and master’s degrees on the basis of nis spocislisation in photoslastic stress’znelysic technicues. After a period in industry, ha joined th South Afican Council for Scientific. and Industrial Research, where he became involved in the study of rock strass problems assceiated with deep-level gold mining. He was awarded 2 Ph.D. by the University of Capa Town in. 1985 for his work on the Brite acture of rack in 4909, he accepted en invtaion fiom the fersiy of London to establish an inter-departmental centre. for teacring ott eseorshintoce mechanic g¢th0 royal School oF Bie in the tmperial Collage of Science and Technology, In 1970 ha was appointed: Londen Univershy Professor of Rock Machanies, in 1975 he wes awarded a D.Sc, in Engineering by the University of London for bis published work in rock mechenics. [n the sme year he gained the AIME Rock Mechenics Award for his contributions to applied rock mechanics, in 1875 he left Impetial College to join Golder Associates, en intemationgt group of consulting geotecimicel and mining engineers, ‘ang he moved to Vancouver, Canada, as a Principal in this eompany. [0 1978; jolly with Dr. John Bray, he was given the €. 8, Burwell eward by the Geoiogical Society of Americe in recognition for the publication of Rock Slope Engineering. Eawin T. Brown js civii engineering graduate of tha University of Melbourne, Austialie. He spent tho early part of his cereer in the State Electricity ‘Commission of Victatia's brown cos) mining opavations, gaining a Master's cegres tram tha Univarsity af Melbourne for work on the geotechnicel properties of Letrobe Valley brown coals. fn 1863 he joined the academic staf of the then University Coltege of Townsvila, Queensland, and in 1969 was awarded his Ph.0. by the University of Guoenslanel for his research on the strength of jointed rook, In 1978 he succosded Evert Hook as head of the Imporal Collage rece mechenics rou, and in, 1979. was aopeinted London University Professor of Rock Mechanics. At various times, he has spent sabbatical periods at the Universities of Cambricee. Minnasota and Utah, For saveral years he has been active in the work of the International Sariety for Rock Macharios, and fas been Editor-in-Chief of the dnteretional Journal of Rock Mechsnies and Mining Sciences sincs 1975 ition of Mining and Metallurgy is a professional body whose members are practising in one ot more brenches of the minerals industry—mining, metelluray, rinerel processing or gaology. jt is a founder member of the Council of Engineering Institutions and its corporete members are Chartered Engineers. It apetatas ‘on a non-profit basis end organises roguler tachnical meetings and symposia, The Institution also publishes books ‘of inforost to the mingrals industry. Full details of the conditions of membership, future meetings and publications on be obtained from the Secretary, Institution of Micing and Mocalluray, 4 Prtlrd Place, London WIN 4BR, nglane. 2868 0-619-16030-2 en il 9160304" > Lon Wentln Now Yok Tg Mata Made 9 "76041