Foundation @TsonlineacademyFoundation * Introduction : * Astructure essentially consists of two parts, namely the super structure which is above the plinth level and the substructure which is below the plinth level. * Substructure is otherwise known as the foundation and this forms the base for any structure. Generally about 30% of the total construction cost is spent on the foundation. * The soil on which the foundation rests is called the “foundation soil’. * Objectives of a foundation : A foundation is provided for the following purposes: * To distribute the total load coming on the structure on a larger area. * To support the structures. * To give enough stability to the structures against various disturbing forces, such as wind and rain. * To prepare a level surface for concreting and masonry work. 4 November 2010Foundation... * Types of foundation : Types of Pile foundation : . "I * Friction pile The two main types of foundation * Load bearing pile are: S Shallow foundation (spread foundation) and * Di foundati ler cr Note : Under-reamed piles is a Types of Shallow foundation : type of load bearing pile * Isolated footing (single footing, Column footing) * Combined footing Types of Deep foundation : * Pile foundation * Pier foundation 4 November 20104No Foundation... Shallow foundation (spread foundation): Depth of foundation is less than or equal to its width. Isolated footing (single footing, column footing): In framed structures where several columns are to be constructed, isolated footings can be adopted. The columns involved can be provided with masonry or concrete footing. If masonry footing is provided, steps are given and the foundation area is thus increased so that the stresses developed at the base is within vA Mason totng Foundan AGC. footing Fig. 24 isolated footing In case of masonry footing, the projection of each step must be % brick thick and each step is made of 1 or 2 bricks put together. Concrete can be moulded to any shape and hence a concrete footing may be a sloping one to provide sufficient spread.Foundation... * Isolated footing (single footing, column footing)... DML -— our Wnt. a 4 November 2010Foundation... * Isolated footing (single footing, column footing)... 4 November 2010Foundation... * Isolated footing (single footing, column footing)... wall footing 4 November 2010Foundation... * Combined footing: * This type of footing is adopted when the space between two columns is so small that the foundation for individual columns will overlap. * Combined footings are proportioned in such a way that the centre of gravity of the loads coincides with the centre of gravity of the foundation. Hence these footings have either a trapezoidal or a rectangular shape. 4 November 2010 column i. P22 Contoas boing rr) ‘Types of combined footings Footing : Footings are structural members used to support columns and walls and to transmit and distribute their loads to the soil in such a way that the load bearing capacity of the soil is not exceeded. Also excessive settlement, differential settlement or rotation are prevented and adequate safety against overturning or sliding is maintained.Foundation... * Size of footing : * The area of footing can be determined from the actual external loads, such that the allowable soil pressure is not exceeded Arezof footing] Totaloadincludingelf- weig allowabkgoil pressure 4 November 2010RT IN BBS } ea yee -_— BBS Basic Course aD ‘BE STW BBS Advance Course © ( PRICE €499 BBS Course Soft Copy — BBS Automatic Calculation BBS Tutorials ° 24x7 Call& Chat Support Bar Bending Schedule 7499 Join Now