OCR Maths FP1

Topic Questions from Papers

Roots of Polynomial Equations

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 1 Express
(i) Draw (1 + 8i)(2
a diagram − i) in the
showing the unit x + iyand
formsquare , showing clearly
its image underhow
theyou obtain yourrepresented
transformation answer. by[2]
T.
[3]
1 + 8i
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
in the form x + iy.
2 + irepresented by matrix T is equivalent to a transformation A, followed by a
PMT (ii) Hence express [3]
(a) The quadratic equation x2 − 2x + 4 = 0 has roots A and B .
(ii) The transformation
18 transformation B. Give geometrical descriptions of possible transformations A and B, and state
the
(i)matrices that represent
Write down of nA + B and AB
the valuesthem. 3.
[6]
[2]
for n ≥ 1, ∑ r 2 = 16 n(n + 1)(2n + 1).
(ii) Show that A 2 + B 2 = −4.
2 Prove by induction that, [5]
The matrix A is1given1by A = !2 r=1".
2 0 [2]
− a quadratic
=
7
0equation
1. which has roots A 2 and B 2 .
r r + 2 r (r + 2)
9 (i) Show that find
(iii) Hence [2]
[3]

x3 − 12in + ax − 48 n,=for
(i) Find A2 and A3 . 2 1 3
by M = ! 1 ".
[3]
(b) The cubic
Hence find equation x2terms 0 has roots p, 2p and 3p.
3 (ii) matrix
The M is an expression,
given 1 2 of
(ii) Hence suggest
(i) Find a suitable
the value of p. form 1 for 3 matrix An .
1 the [1]
[2]
+ + ... + [5]
2 2 2
a×. 3 answer
×.4 to part (ii)
n(is
n+
.
(i) Find
(iii) Use Hence
(ii) inductionfindto
the value ofthe
prove thatof1your
thevalue
determinant of2M 2)
correct. [2]
[3]
[4]
(Q8, June 2005)
(ii) State, giving a brief reason, whether M is singular or non-singular. [1]
(iii) Hence find the value of a 4 2
9 (i) Write down the matrix C which represents a stretch, scale factor 2, in the x-direction. [2]
8 The matrix∞M is given by M = # 1 a 0 $.
∑
(a) substitution x ,= u + 2 to find
2
r (rD+is2)given by D = # the exact $. Describe
24 Use the 1 12 31 value of thethe
realgeometrical
root of the transformation
equation [1]
(ii) The matrix fully represented
r=1 0 1
PMT
Find,
(i) by D. in
∞
terms of a, the determinant x3 − 6of x2M + .12x − 13 = 0. [5]
[3]
[2]

∑
2
(ii) (b)
(iii) Hence
The findr(the
matrix r +represents
M
. of a for which M is singular.
values
2) the combined effect of the transformation represented by (Q4,
C Jan
[2]
2006)
[3]
followed
r=n+1
by the transformation represented by D. Show 2 that
(iii) State, giving a brief reason n inneach case, n whether the simultaneous equations
Use the standard results for ∑ r, ∑ r 2 and ∑ r23 to3show that, for all positive integers n,
4+ 4=y1#+ 2! =$3.a, 1 [2]
5
r=1A =ax !M r=1 "0and B=! ".
1
r=1 by
0 −1
310
1 The roots
matricesof the equation
A and B are given 1
x3 −x9+x2ay + 27x −=29
0 2
n 1, = 0
(i) Find A + 3B. ∑ (8 − + )
n x + 2ny + ! = 3,
3 2
= n3 (n + 1). [6]
−
r 6 r 2 r 2 [2]
(iv) Prove by induction that M = # $, for all positive integers n.
are denoted by α , β and γ , where nr=1α is real and β and γ are complex.
2 3(2 1)
[6]
(ii) Show that A − B = kI, where I is the identity matrix and k is a constant whose value should be
have any solutions when 0 1
(i) Write down the value of α + β + γ .
(a) a = 3,
[1]
stated. [2]

6 It
(ii) matrix
The aC= is
(b)is given 2.that
givenβ =byp C
+ i=q,#where
1 2 q > 0. Find the value of p, in terms of α .
$. [4]
The transformation S is a shear parallel to the x-axis in which the image of the point (1, 1) is the
3 8
2 [4]
(0, 1).
(iii) Write down the value of αβγ . [1]
point
(i) Find C−1 . [2]
9 Use the
(i) Find
(iv) the method
value ofofq,differences α show
in terms ofto only. that [5]
(ii) Given that C = AB, where An = # $, find B .
(i) Draw a diagram showing the image 2 of1 the unit −1
square under S. [2]
[5]
%(r + 1)3S.− r3 & = (n + 1)3 − 1. [2]
(Q10, Jan 2006)
(ii) Write down the matrix that∑
1 3
represents [2]
r=1

7 (a) The complex number 3 + 2i is denoted by w and the complex conjugate of w is denoted by w∗ .
the(quadratic ≡ 3r2 +x3r++px
r + 1)3 − requation 1. + q = 0, where p and q are real, is the complex number
3 2
43 One root
Showofthat
(ii) Find [2]
2 − 3i. 4725/S05
(i) the modulus of w, n [1]
(iii) Use
(i) Write the results
down in parts
the other ∗ , giving your answer in radians, correct
(i)
root. and (ii) and the standard result for ∑ to 2 decimal places.
r to show that [1]
(ii) the argument of w r=1 [3]
∗ = 3 + 2i.
= u1 n+(n2u+ 1)(2
(ii) Find the values of p and q. n [4]
(b) Find the complex number u given
3 rthat
2
∑ n + 1). [6]
[4]
r=1
2
(Q3, June 2006)
(c) Sketch, on an Argand diagram,
n then locus given by |$ + 1| = |$|. [2]
4 Use the standard results for ∑ r and ∑ r2 to show that, for all positive integers n,
3

r=1 r=1
510 The cubic equation x3 − 2x2 + 3x + 4 = 0 has roots α , β and γ .
n

of (αr ++βr+)γ=, αβ
Write down the values ∑ n(n + 1)(n + 2)(3n + 1). [5]
4725/Jan06

12 + βγ + γ α and αβγ .
3 2 1
(i) [3]
r=1

The cubic equation x3 + px2 + 10x + q = 0, where p and q are constants, has roots α + 1, β + 1 and
4725/Jan06

γ + 1.
5 The complex numbers 3 − 2i and 2 + i are denoted by " and w respectively. Find, giving your answers
theFind
in(ii) x +value
formthe p.
of showing
iy and clearly how you obtain these answers, [3]

(i) 2"
(iii) − 3the
Find w, value of q. [2]
[5]
(ii) (i")2 , (Q10, June 2006)
[3]
"
4725/S06
 5 (ii) Show that
(i) Hence prove by induction that each term of the sequence is divisible by 2. [5]
− = [1]
1 1 1 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
r r + 1 r(r + 1)
.
67 The quadratic equation x2 + 5x + 10 = 0 has roots α and β .
(ii) Hencedown
(i) Write find an values of αin+terms
theexpression, n,. for
β andofαβ [2]
PMT
+ + + ... + [3]
1 1 1 1
(ii) Show that α 2 + β 2 = 5. 2 6 12 n(n + 1)
. [2]

2 α β
∞
(iii) Hence find a quadratic equation which has roots and . [4]
β α
1 (iii) Hence find the value of 4 11
5 2 1)
∑
The matrix A is given by A = ! r(r"+and
r=n+1
. I is the 2 × 2 identity matrix. Find (Q7, Jan 2007)
[3]
PMT
(i) A − 3I, [2]

76 A−1 . equation 3x3 − 9x2 + 6x + 2 = 0 has roots

(ii) cubic
The 2 α , β and γ . [2]
PMT
1 The
© OCR 2007
(i) transformation
(a) Write down S isthe a shear
valueswith + βy-axis
of αthe + 4725/01
γ and αβ + βγ
invariant
Jan07
+ aγ α
(i.e. shear
. parallel to the y-axis). It is given
[2]
2 The complex number 3 +
that the image of the point (1,2 1) is2 the 2point (1,30).
4i is denoted by a .
(b) Find the value of α + β + γ . [2]
Find | aa |diagram
The matrix A is given by A = ! 1 ".
(i) Draw
(i) and arg ashowing
. thea image
3 of the unit square under the transformation S. [2]
[2]
(ii) (a) Use the substitution x −2 = to
7
1 find a cubic equation in u with integer coefficients. [2]
Sketchdown
(ii) Write
(ii) on a single Argand
the matrix u
thatdiagram
representstheS.loci given by [2]
|# − a | = |answer
a |, to part (ii) (a) to find the value of + + .
(i) Given that A is singular, find a. 1 1 1 [2]
(a) Use
(b) your [2]
[2]
α β γ
n
−23)that
= arg find A−1 and hence solve the simultaneous(Q6,
Given that ∑ (ar + b) ≡ n(2n + 3n − 2), find the values of the constants a and b.
(b) arg(#
(ii) Given instead a. non-singular,
A is 2 equations [3]
June 2007)
2 [5]
r=1 ax + 3y = 1,
−2x + y = −1.
− =
1 1 r [5]
( + ( +
3 (i) Show that . [2]
The cubic equation 2x3 − 3x2 + 24x + 7 = 0 has
r ! r 1)! r 1)!
83
© OCR 2007
roots α , β and γ .
4725/01 Jun07

1 defined by u = 1 and u = un + 2n + 1.
(ii) Hence find an expression, in terms of n, for
(i) Use the substitution x = to find a cubic +1u with
8 The sequence u1 , u2 , u3 , . . . is 1 equation nin integer coefficients. [2]
+ + + ... + [4]
u 1 2 3 n
(i) Show that u4 = 16. (n + 1)!
.
2! 3! 4! [2]
+ +
1 1 1
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the value of . [2]
(ii) Hence suggest an expression for u . αβ βγ γ α
n
[1]
(Q3, Jan 2008)
! your".answer
by A =that that, for n ≥ 1,
3 1
The complex number 3 − 4i is denoted by #. Giving your answers in the form x + iy, and showing
4 (iii) Use induction
The matrix to prove
A is given Prove to
bypart (ii) is correct.
induction [4]
4 0 1
clearly how you obtain them, find
3n 12 (3n − 1)
99 (i) 2# + 5# ,
(i) Show that
* α 3
+ β 3
= ( α + β ) 3
−
A n
3 =
αβ #
( α + β ). $. [6]
[2]
[2]
PMT 0 1
(# − quadratic
(ii) The
(ii) i)2 , equation x2 − 5x + 7 = 0 has roots α and β . Find a quadratic equation with roots
[3]
α3 and β .
3 3
3 [6]
#
(iii) n. [3]
(r − the
(Q9, Jan 2008)
5 Find ∑ r2fully 1), expressing
geometricalyour answer in a represented
fully factorised form. [6]
3r + 4
7 Describe transformation by each of the following matrices:
r=1
6 0that r − r + 1 − r + 2 = r(r + 1)(r3+ 2) .
2 1 1
(i) ! ",
10 (i) Show [2]
4
0 6 A, B and C are given by A = ! 1 ", B = ! 0 " and C = (2 4 −1). Find
[1]
equation x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and3c are real, has roots (3 + i) and 2.
5 The matrices
106 The
(ii) cubic
(ii) ! ",
0 1 find an expression, in terms of n, 2for
Hence
[2]
1− 40B,
down the other root of the equation.3r + 4
(i) A n [2]
∑ [6]
Write [1]
! , ", r (r + 1)(r + 2)
1 0 .
=1
(ii) BC
(iii) [4]
[2]
0 the
(ii) Find 6 values of a, b and c. r [6]

(iv) ! ".
(iii) CA0.8. 0.6 [2]
(Q6, June 2008)
−0.6 0.8 ∞
3r + 4
[2]

6
(iii) Hence write down the value of
The loci C and C are given by
∑ r (r + 1)(r + 2)
r=1
. [1]
1 2
x + kx + 2k = 0, where k is a non-zero1constant, has roots α and β . Find a
2

3r +|#|
α4 = |# β
− 4i| arg # = 6 π
118 The quadratic equation
∞ and
∑
with roots and = . , find the value of N .
7
respectively. r=N +1 r (r + 1)(βr + 2) α 10
quadratic
(iv) Givenequation
that [7]
[4]
(Q8, June 2008)

(i) Use an algebraic method to find the square roots of the complex number 5 + 12i.
(i) Sketch, on a single Argand diagram, the loci C1 and C2 . [5]
9 [5]
 ∑
r=101 3
The matrices A and B are given by A = ! " and B = ! " and I is the 2 × 2 identity matrix.
3 02 5 0 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
2
PMT 128 (i) Show that (α − β )2 ≡ (α + β )2 n− 4αβ .0 1 0 2 [2]
The matrices A and B are given by A = ! ∑ "3 and B = ! " and I is the 2 × 2 identity matrix.
Find
Prove the
byvalues of
induction the constants
that, for n ≥ a
1,and rb( for
r +3 1 ) 0
which
= 1
na( A
n +
+ 1b)(Bn=5+I2. )0. [4]
21 [5]
2 r2=1 0 1 0 2
The quadratic equation x − 6kx + k = 0, where k is a positive constant, has roots α and β , with α > β .
Find the values of the constants a and b for which
√ 2 aA + bB = I. [4]
3 The complex numbers
(ii) Show that α − β = 4 2 k. " and w are given by " = 5 − 2i and w = 3 + 7i. Giving your answers in the
[4]
! " ! "
5 3 0
A =w! are given " and I "is =the
2 form
The x + iy and
matrices A showing
, B and C clearly
are howby
a
given 2youA obtain
= ( 1 them,
− 4 ) , Bfind
= and C = . Find
31 The complex
The matrix A numbers
is given by " and 5− 2× 2i2andidentity
3w = 3matrix. −2 2your answers in the
+ 7i. Giving
(iii)
(i) Hence
4" − 3 wfind
, a quadratic equation 3 4 with by roots α + 1 and β − 1. [4]
[2]
form x + iy and showing clearly how you obtain them, find
(Q8, Jan 2009)
(i)
(ii) *w,. A − 4I.
(i) Find
AB
"4"
[2]
[2]
(i) − 3w, [2]
1 1 4
9 (ii) *w.− 4
BA
(i) "Show
Given that
that −
C. A is singular, = 2 value of.a. [4]
[2]
(ii) 2r − 3 2r + 1find 4the r − 4r − 3 [3]
[2]
1 1
134 The roots of the quadratic equation x2 + x − 8 = 0 are p and q. Find the value of p + q + + . [4]
(ii) Hence
n find an expression, in terms of n, for p q
3 1 1
2 The cubic
∑(2of
Findroots equation
r −the 2 2 x
1) quadratic +
, expressing 3x − 3 = 0 has
your answer roots α , β and γ .
43 The equation x + xn −in8a=fully
2
0 arefactorised
p and q. form.Find the value of p + q(Q4, + +June [6]
. 2009)
[4]
PMT r=1 4 p q
5 Use the
(i) cubic
The equation x3 + 5xx2=+u7−=10tohas
substitution find ∑a 4cubic
roots
r=2
rα2−, β4equation
rand
.
− 3γ . in u with integer coefficients.
[[3]
6]

√are 1given )(aγ =α 1β)+. and

1454 The
(ii)
The complex
Hence
(i) cubic
Use
numbers
find
equation
the
3 a and
thexvalue
substitution + 5xxof 2 b
=+(α7u+ =to0)( has
find
by
β +aroots
1cubic +27 6i and
,equation γ .inb u= with
1 − 3i. Showing clearly how you obtain
integer coefficients. [2]
[3]
your answers, find ∞
4 √ 4
∑ !β +
2ua
"γand
(iii) Show that = = 2. 2 a2 cubic
2 find [1]
1 (i)
The
(ii) Use
(i) matrix
Hence the
| a − 2bA substitution
find is the
| and given
arg r(aby
4value
2 x rb=
2of
4A )α, 3
−−satisfies
− to 34βequation+ γI 2isα equation
2
. 2×
the * 2 in u withmatrix.
identity integer coefficients. [3]
[2]
[4]
3 The complex number r=2 # 3 the # + 2i # = 12 + 9i. Find # , giving your answer in the
form
(ii) bx + iy. find the value of α 2 β 2 + β 2 γ 2 + γ 2 α 2 .
Hence [5]
[2]
(ii)
(i) Find, giving
A − 4 your
I . answer in the form x + iy. [3]
[2]
6 a
The complex number 3 − 3i is denoted by a. √ June 2009)
10 (i) Use an algebraic method to find the square roots of the complex number 2 + i 5. Give your (Q5,
n
Given
(ii) answers that A isformsingular,x3i+isiyfind the value of a. exact real numbers. [3]
64
5
The
Find ∑ r(|radown
(i) complex
Find
(a) Write
in
1)(the
number
+| and − 2a
arg
rthe )3., −
matrixexpressing , where
denoted yourxbyanswer
that represents
a. y are
and in a fully
a reflection in factorised
the line y =form. x.
[6]
[2]
[6]
[2]
r=1
(ii) Hence
Find
(i) Sketch | afind,
|onanda inargthe
single a. form x +diagram iy wherethe x and y are exact real numbers, the roots of the equation [2]
152 (ii)
The
(b) cubic
Describeequationfully 2 x3 Argand
the + 3x − 3 = 0 transformation
geometrical has roots loci
α , given
β and by
γ.
represented by each of the following matrices:
√ 4 2
! "
|" 5−onaa|0= %
3 2,Argand diagram the loci given by 0 −1− 4% + 9 = 0. [[3]
4]
(i) ! ",
(ii) (a)
Sketch single
5 (i) The
Use transformation
the substitution Tx is
= u represented
− 1 to find by
a the
cubic matrix
equation 1in u with
0
. Give
integer a geometrical
coefficients. description
[3]
[2]
0 − 1 √1
(b)
(a)
of T. |" − a | =a)3 =√2,4 π .
arg(" [3]
[2]
(ii) Show,
(iii) Hence on find an Argand diagram, the roots of the equation in part (ii).
1 the 1value of (α + 1)(β + 1)(γ + 1).
[1]
[2]
! "
2 2 3 1
(iii) (b)
(ii) arg("
Indicate, √
by
(ii) The transformation− a ) =
shading, π .. the region of the Argand diagram for
T is equivalent to a reflection in the line y = −x1 followed which byJan [3]
[2]
another
− 12 α 14 (Q2, 2010)
(iv) Given that 3 is the 2 root of the equation in part (ii) such that 0 < arg α < 2 π , sketch on the same
transformation S. Give a geometrical √ description of S and find the matrix that represents S. [4]
3 Argand diagram
The complex
(iii) Indicate, number
by shading,the locus
the given
|" −region
# satisfies a |the
≥ 3of |% and
by2the
equation α #| =+0|%|.
−Argand 2i * = 12
≤diagram
#arg(" − for
+)9i.
a ≤ 1
whichπ . #, giving your answer in [the
Find [3]
3]
4
form x + iy. √ [5]
6 (i) Sketch on a single Argand |" − adiagram
|
3 ≥ 3 22
the
and loci 0given
≤ by − a) ≤ 1 π .
arg(" [ 3]
166 One root of the cubic equation x + px + 6x + q = 0, where p and4 q are real, is the complex number
5 − i.(a) |$ − 3 + 4i | = 5,
n the method of differences to show that
[2]
7 (i) Use
4 ∑ r(|$|
Find (b)
(i) Find
r + =1)( |$r−−62|). , expressing your answer in a fully factorised form. [6]
[2]
r=1 the real root of the cubic n equation. [3]
7 (i) Use the method of differences to show4 that4 4
Indicate,
(ii) Find by shading,
∑ {(rof+ the
the qregion
1) − r } = (n + 1) − 1.
Argand diagram for which
[2]
(ii) the values of p and .r=1
n [4]
∑ {(r + 1)4 − r4 } = (n + 1)40− 1.
|$| ≥! |$ − 6 |.". Give a geometrical
− 1 [2]
5 (i) The transformation T is |$ − 3 + 4i | ≤by
represented
r=1
5 the andmatrix (Q6, Jan 2010)
description[2]
4 4 3 2 1 0
(ii) Show
of T. that (1r + 1) −1 r ≡ 4r 2+r 6+r1 + 4r + 1. [2]
[2]
7 (i) Show that 2 − ≡ . [1]
r (r4 + 1)42 r32 (r + 12)2
(ii)
(iii) Show
Hence that
show ( r + 1) −
that x2T+ isr ≡ 4 r + 6 r + 4 r + 1. [2]
177 The transformation
(ii) quadratic
The equation 2kxequivalent
+ k = 0, whereto a reflection
k is a non-zero line y =has
in theconstant, −x roots
followed
α andbyβ . another
Find a
n n
transformation S. Give a geometricalα +β αdescription
+
3 β 2 of S
2r2 .+ 1and find the matrix that represents S. [4]
4∑
PMT (ii) Hence
(iii)
quadratic
Hence show
equation
find an that
with roots in terms
expression,
α
and ofrn, =for
n β
r=1
∑
.n (n + 1)
r=1
r 2
( r + 1) 2
. [[4]
(Q7, June 2010)
6]
[7]

3 42∑ r 3 = n2 (n + 1)2 . [6]

6 One root of∞the cubic equation x + px r=1 + 6x + q = 0, where p and q are real, is the complex number
5 − i. 2r + 1 3
(iii) Find
© OCR 2009
∑ r2 (r + 1)2 2
. 4725 Jun09

2
[2]
18©8OCR 2009
The r =
(i) quadratic
2 equation
Find the real root of 2xthe− cubic
x+3= 0 has roots
equation. α and β , and the quadratic equation x − px + q =[3]
4725 Jun09
0
1 1
has roots α + and β + .
α ofa pisβand
8 Find the number
(ii) complex
The values suchq.that a2 = 5 − 12i. [4]
©
© OCR (i)
OCR 2009
2010 Show that p = 56 . 4725
4725 Jan09
Jun10 [4]
(i) Use an algebraic method to find the two possible values of a. [5]
1 1 2r + 1
7 (i) Show that 2 − ≡ . [1]
(ii) Find the value of(rq+. 1)2 r2 (r + 1)2 [5]
(ii) Sketch on ar single Argand diagram the two possible loci given by |# − a | = | a |. [4]
(Q8, Jan 2011)
n
2r + 1
© OCR 2010 −a of n1,4725
(ii) Hence find an expression, inaterms forJan10 . [4]
 transformation
the matrices thatB.represent
Give geometrical
them. descriptions of possible transformations A and B and state
[4]
the matrices that represent them. [4]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

199 One root of the quadratic equation x22 + ax + b = 0, where a and b are real, is 16 − 30i.
9 One root of the quadratic equation x + ax + b = 0, where a and b are real, is 16 − 30i.
(i) Write down the other root of the quadratic equation. [1]
(i) Write down the other root of the quadratic equation. [1]
(ii) Find the values of a and b. [4]
(ii) Find the values of a and b. [4]
PMT (Q9, June 2011)
(iii) Use an algebraic method to solve the quartic equation y44 + ay22 + b = 0. [7]
(iii) Use an algebraic method to solve the quartic equation y + ay + b = 0. [7]
3
10 The cubic equation x33 + 3x22 + 2 = 0 has roots α , β and γ .
2010 The cubic equation x + 3x + 2 = 0 has roots α , β and γ .
PMT a 2 9
1
9 The
(i) matrix is given by Xx== #
X substitution
Use the 21 toashow3 that . 4u33 + 12u22 + 9u − 1 = 0. [5]
(i) Use the substitution x = # u to
1 u 0 −1show that 4u + 12u + 9u − 1 = 0. [5]
2
PMT
(i) Find thefind
determinant of of 1
X in1terms 1 1 1 1 1
1 (ii)
The Hence the values + 12of +a.z12= and 1 + 1 + Giving 1 . [3]
[5]
(ii) complex numbers
Hence find z and w
the values ofare2given
+
α2 β2 γ 2 by
+ 6 –
and i and
2 2w+= 52+ 24i.
+ 2 2 . your answers in the form x +[5]
α 2β 2 β 2γ 2 γ 2α 2 iy
and showing clearly how you α them,
obtain β findγ α β β γ γ α
(ii) Hence find the values of a for which X is singular.2 (Q10, June 2011)[3]
(i) z + 3w, numbers z and w are given by [2]
1 The Given that X is non-singular, find X−1 in
(iii) complex z =terms
6 – i of
anda. w = 5 + 4i. Giving your answers in the form x +[4]
iy
and showing clearly how you obtain them, find
(ii) z . [3]
w
2110 (i) cubic
The z + 3w, 3 2
equation 3x − 9x + 6x + 2 = 0 has roots α, β and γ. [2]

2 The
(ii)
(i) w
z.
matrices
Write
A and B are given by A =
2 1
down the values of α + β + γ, αβ ! "
and B =
4 + 3βγ + γα and αβγ.
1 0
3 2! "
. Find [3]
[3]
(i) AB, [2]
The cubic equation x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0 has 2 2
1 α , β and
2
1 γ .0
2 The matrices
(ii) B−1A−1.
A and B are given by A =
2 roots
4 3 ! "
and B =
3 2 !
. Find " [3]
PMT 4
(ii) Show that c = − 9 and find the values of a and b. [9]
(i) AB, [2]
(Q10, Jan 2012)
2
3 One B−1Aof
(ii) root −1 the quadratic equation x + ax + b = 0,
. 2 where a and b are real, is the complex number 4 – [3]3i.
Find the values of a and b. [4]

#
a 1
1 n A is given by A = d
The matrix n , where a ≠ 1 , and I denotes the 2 × 2 identity matrix. Find
223 1 x42 + ax + b = 0,4 where a and b are real, is the complex number 4 – 3i.
One root of the2 quadratic equation
4 (3r − 3r + 2), expressing your answer in a fully factorised form.
Find the values
Find [7]
(i) 2A – 3I, of a and b. [4]
[3]

# #
r =1
n (Q3, June 2012)
–1n
5
4
(ii) Aby. induction
Prove
Find (3r2 − 3rthat,
+ 2),for n 1, your
expressing 4×3answer r
= 6(3 in−a1). n
fully factorised form.
[2]
[5]
[7]

#
r =1 r =1
n n
62 / (r - 1)equation
Findquadratic (r + 1), giving
2x2 + xyour
+1,5 =answer hasrin a fully factorised form. [6]
235 The
Prove by
r= 1 induction that, for n
0 4×3 = 6(3αn −and
roots 1).β. [5]
1 r =1
(i) Use the substitution x = to obtain a quadratic equation in u with integer coefficients. [3]
3 The complex number 2 – i 2is udenoted + 1 by z.
6 The quadratic equation 2x + x + 5 = 0 has roots 1 α1and β.
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the value of ! − 1" ! − 1". [3]
(i) Find z and arg z. 1 α β [2]
(i) Use the substitution x = to obtain a quadratic equation in u with integer coefficients.
(Q6, June [3]
2012)
© OCR 2011
© OCR 2011 u + 1 4725 Jun11
4725 Jun11

7 (ii) loci
The Given
(ii) Hence, C that
and az +are
C bz*
1 or otherwise,
2
= 4 –by8i,$ zfind
given − 3 the
− 4ivalues of1the real constants a and b.
find the value of ! − 1" ! −$ z1"$ .= $ z − 8i $ respectively.
$ 1= 4 and [5]
[3]
α β
(i) Sketch, on a single Argand2 diagram, the loci C1 and C2. [6]
244 The quadratic equation x + x + k = 0 has roots a and b.
7 The loci C1 and C2 are given by $ z − 3 − 4i $ = 4 and $ z $ = $ z − 8i $ respectively.
(ii) Hence find the complex numbers represented by the points of intersection of C1 and C2. [2]
(i) Use the substitution x = 2u + 1 to obtain a quadratic equation in u. [2]
(i) Sketch, on a single Argand diagram, the loci C1 and C2. [6]
(iii) Indicate, by shading, the region of the Argand diagram for which
a - 1 db - 1n
(ii) Hence
(ii) Hence,findor otherwise,
the complexfindnumbers
the value of d
represented nby the points
in terms of k.
of intersection of C1 and C2. [2]
[2]
$ z − 3 − 4i $ 24 and $ z2$ $ z − 8i $ . [2]
(Q4, Jan 2013)
(iii) Indicate, by shading, the region of the Argand diagram for which
85 By (i) using thethat
determinant
1 1 of an appropriate
2 matrix, find the values of λ for which the simultaneous equations
Show − ≡ . [1]
r r + 2 r(r + $2)z − 3 − 4i $ 4 and $ z $ $ z − 8i $ . [2]

8
(ii) Hence find 1
(i) Show that
an expression,
−
1
≡
in
2 terms of n, for
.
#
3x + 2y +n 4z = 5,
λy + z = 1,
r(r
x + λy + λz = 4,
2
+ 2)
. [6]
[1]
 43 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

257
9 (i) Find
Showthe
thatmatrix
(ab +that + ca)2 ≡ aa2brotation
bc represents
2
+ b2c2through
+ c2a2 90° clockwise
+ 2abc about
(a + b + c). the origin. [2]
[3]

(ii) Find the matrix

It is given that athat represents
, b and a reflection
c are the in cubic
roots of the equation x3 + px2 – 4x + 3 = 0,
the x-axis. [2]

(iii) Hence 1 1 1
where pfind
is athe matrix Find
constant. that represents a rotation
the value of 2
+ 2through
+ 2 in90° clockwise
terms of p. about the origin, followed by[5]a
reflection in the x-axis. a b c [2]
(Q9, Jan 2013)
(iv) Describe a single transformation that is represented by your answer to part (iii). [2]
un
10 The sequence u1, u2, u3, ... is defined by u1 = 2 and un+1 = for n 1.
1 + un
268 The cubic equation kx3 + 6x2 + x – 3 = 0 , where k is a non-zero constant, has roots a, b and c.
(i) Find u2 and u3, and show that u4 = 27 . [3]
Find the value of (a + 1)(b + 1) + (b + 1)(c + 1) + (c + 1)(a + 1) in terms of k. [6]
(ii) Hence suggest an expression for un. [2]
(Q8, June 2013)

9 (iii) Use induction
(i) Show that
1to prove 1that your answer
- /
3 to part (ii) is correct.
. [5]
[2]
3r - 1 3r + 2 (3r - 1) (3r + 2)

/ (3r - 1)1(3r + 2) = 2 (3nn+ 1) .

2n
(ii) Hence show that [6]
r =1

a 2 1
10 The matrix A is given by A = f 1 3 2p .
4 1 1

(i) Find the value of a for which A is singular. [5]

(ii) Given that A is non-singular, find A–1 and hence solve the equations

ax + 2y + z = 1,
x + 3y + 2z = 2,
4x + y + z = 3.
[7]

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