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May 2019

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2019-05-U.S.
 Reading Test
65 MINUTES, 52 QUESTIONS

Turn to Section 1 of your answers sheet to answer the questions in this section.

i•n#IIMW
Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics ( such as a table or
graph).

Questions 1-1 Oare based on the following

passage.
This passage is adapted from Colm Toi bin, The master.
©2004 by Colm Toibin. The novel is based on the life of
writer Henry James (1843-1916).
n one oi his strolls in Rye, Henry stopped at
tht> Joor of Mr. Milson, who after the iirst meeting
greeted him instantly as Mr. James, and knew him as
Lrnç the American writer, having his walk in a Rye he was
slowly growing to admire and love. Upon his second
or third onver ation with Mr. ;-..Iilson, during hi
timì as a resident of Point Hill, hì observed that he
longedfi r a permanent spot in the area, in 1he
countryside, or indeed in the lo\\'n itself. Sçnce
111 Mr. Mil on enjoyed talking, and sťnce he was not
y House in Rye had fallen ǐacant, Milson told him,
intere ted in literar matters, and since he had not
been to America and knew no other Americans, and
inĩe Henry's knowledge of ironmongery was
rudimentary, the two men discussed houses, ones
t r which had been for rent in the past, others whid1 had
I een put on the market or sold or withdrawn, and
other., much coveted, which had never been bought
or old or rented in liíing memory . Eaíh lime he
fiisited, once they had initiated their subject,
t,, Mr. Milson hawed him the card on which Henry'
London addres waç in cribed. He had not mi laid it,
he had not forgotten, he infiisted. and then
entijingly would mention some great old hou e, perfect
tor a bachelor's need , but oirowfuily would have lo
admit that tfle hou e remained tirmly in ii ĩwnĩr'
hands and eemed unlikely to leave them in the
fore eeable iuture.
Henry ǐiewed his conver ations with Mr. Mil on
as a form ofplay.just as hi conversations with
tì hermen about the sea, or with farmers about the
harvest, were forms oi polite relaxation, a way oì
drinking in England, allowing its flavors to üome lo
him in phrases, turns of speech and local referenie
Ïhus even when he opened the letter whiĩh arrived
, at his London address, haǐing noticed that the
handwriting on the envelope was not that of
someone accustomed to writing letters, and even
when he saw the name Milson as the sender, he wa.
still puzzled by its provenanje. Only when he read
1t1 it a second time did he realize who it was from and
then, as though he had received a blow in the
stomach, he under toad what the letter said. Lamb
and could be had. His first thought was that he
would
-1s lose it, the house at the quiet corner at the lop oí a
cobbled hill who e garden room Edward Warren
had drawn so lovingly, the establishment he had
glanced at so achingly and covetously on his many
tours oÌ Rye, a house both modest and grand,
botfl
ífi, central and ecluded, the çort oî hou e which eemed
to belong so ĩomfortably and naturally lo others and
to be inhabited fio warmly and fruitíully by them.
He iheiked the postmark. He wondećed if his
ironmonger wa fieely broadĩa ting the new of thi
ưf ǐacancy to all omerç. Thi waç, more than any otheì,
tfle house he loved and longed for. othing hfid ever
iome easily, magically like thiç. He iould do what he
likeds he iould .end a iable, he ĩould take the nefit
train, but he remained sure that he would lo e it.
c r There wa no purcha e, however, in thinking, or
 r gr lling or worrying: there\ a nJ one lution
find that wa to ru h to Rye, thu in uring that no
mi ion n hi part could cau ì him not to b om
the new inhabitant oť Lamb House.
iu5 Beforì h lìft hì wrote to Edward Warren.
implorifig him to ome Lo Rye al a soon as he
ould to inspeĩt the in ide f thì hou e whoie
extìrior he had o admired. But he ould not wait
for ffiarren and he certainly could not work, and on
-v, thfi train he wondered iÈ anyone watching him would
know how momentou thi j urney was for him,
how ixciting and how pot ntiaJLy di appointing.
He kne, that it w merely a hou e; other bought
and ņld h u e and moved their beLonging with
-s ea and nonchalance. It truck him a he traveLed
toward Rye that no one, aíe him elf, under tood
the meani_ng oÈ thi . For many year now he
hi h ĩh ice be r ummarize what i learned
ab ut Hìnry and Mr. MU on in the Ìii t paragiaph
ĩ the pa age2
Hìn.ry i desperate to move to thì aie
theiefoie Mi. Milion tells him about ĩhoiĩ
propertie that are aǐailablř for Henry to
rent.
B) They have Little in ĩommon; therefore, they
talk about house in the area that may be of
intere ·t to Henry.
C) Mi. Milson i not fond of new
ariiíaLs; theiefoie, he engage
insincerely in dificu sion with Henry.
D) They are both new to Rye; theiefore, the
agiee t olLab rate in order to help each

•
had had no c untry, no family, no e tabLi hment of other find place, t li e.
his own, merely a flat in London where he worked.
11 He did not have th n ary h U, and hi
expo ure over the year had Left him n rvou and
ìxhau ted and fearfuL. It wa as though he Ii ed a lifi vVhich choi e mo t Lo ely capture the literal
which lacked a fac;ade, a tretch f fr ntage Lo proteit meaning of the figurative "flavors" refìrred to in
him frnm the worLd. Lamb Hou fiould offer him Line 32?
H', b autHul old window fr m whi hr i w the A) The quaLities of an object that serǐe I male
ut ide: the out ide, in turn, i uld p<.:1.:i in only fil hi. it memorabLe
inúitation.
B) The features of an environment that appeal
mo t dire tLy to the en e
The a pict of a place that gi e it itfi
parti uLar character
Oier the cour e oÈ the pa age, the main focu of D) The charactiri tii of a locale that aĩ uni
th narrative hifts from for it popuLarity
summary oJ the rea on for Henry'
unhappines in Rye to a de cription oÈhiç
attempt to find happines there.
The pa age indicateç Lhat Henry ha whi h
B) a depiction of life in the town of Rye to a
reaction when he receiíe Mr. Mil on' letter?
meditation n Henry's reason for deciding
t m ve ther . Hí h pes th letter has me ťrom ome n
a ì nlra l betw en Henr 's ei nality and ther than r. ii 'On.
Mr. Milfion's personaHty to a pr entati n f B) H initiall fails t appr ĩiace the I tter's
an imporlanl simUarit between them. signifkanc .
D) an acĩ uni ũÈ Mr. Mil on' ìar h f r a uitable He u p rs the letter contain bad ne ć.
properL for Henry lo a portrait oÌ Hìnry',
D) He a ume. the letter will communiĩate falțe
mufiing on thì meaning È ha i_ng a home.
infiímation.

CONTINUE
The pa age vuggest that after reading and
understanding Mr. Mil on's letter, Henry
) wond r if Mr. Mil on i a tually
knowledgeable about the pr petty in
question.
B) regrets not having paid more attention to
the house Mr. Milson i referring to.
C) suspect that Mr. Mil on may not be looking
out exclu ively for hi best intere t .
D) remain confu ed about Mr. Mil on'
motivation for helping him.
Which choice provide the be t evidence for the
answer to the previou question?
A) Line 34-39 ("Thu ...provenanc ")
B) Line 39-42 (" nly... ·aid")
) Line 53-55 ("He wondered...com r '')
Line 55-56 ("Thi ...fi r")
It can be inferred that Henr lcar� that he wiU
lose the p ssibility of being able to live in Lamb
Hou e becau e he
A) realize that his commitments in London will
delay his travels.
8) cannot believe that a wish he feel o
intensely could po ibly be fulfilled.
C) worrie that hi treatment of Mr. Mil on may
have compromi ed his chance .
D) realizes that hi innate indecisi eness might
cau e him to d ubt hi own judgment.
Which choice be t upports the claim that Henry
eels that his li e ha been chara terized by a
truggle t attain thing that he desired?
A) Line 56-57 (" othing...thi ")
B) Lines 60-64 ("There wa ... Hou e'')
C) Line 68- 72 ("But he...di appointing")
D) Lines 73-75 ("He knew...nonchalance")
The last paragraph mainly r ve to
A) ketch a set of event that carry Henry'
adventure to it logical conclusion.
B) provide context that explain Henr 's
particular aspiration.
C) create an mood of anticipation that heightens
the drama of Henry's arrival.
D) describe an environment that wil I serve a the
new etting for Henry' experienc s.
The words "shell;' "exposure;• "fayide,'' nnd
"frontage" in line 80-83 primarily serve to
A) e tabli h a parallel between a pee ts f Henry'
per onality and certain feature of hou e .
B) identify ome of the architectural featur ·
that fir t made Lamb Hou e attractive to
Henry.
empha ize a contrast between Lamb Hou e
and other available hou e in Rye.
D) provide a metaphor for Henry' p s imi m
ab ut being able to acquire the hous h
de ire
CONTINUE
 Questions 11-21 are based on the following
passage.
This passage and accompanying figure are adapted from
World Development Report 2015: Mind, Society, and Behavior.
tu2015 by Int rnational Bank for Reconstruction and
Development/The World Bank.
Behind eieïy int ñíenti n Iĩe an aì umpti n
about human motivation and behavioi. Wh n a
tunnel providing water t thi ity fBogota,
Line Colombia, partially Uap ed in l 997, triggering a
.t water shũrtage, the city government declared a
public emergencfi and initiated a communication
progíam to warn inhabitant oi the thr at oi a cri i :
70 percent of the city would b left without wat r ii
ïurrenr \ ater u e wa' not reduced.
111 Tl:e íity' trategy wa ba ed n the assumption
that it indiüidual were infi rmed f the ·ituation,
they would adju t their behavioi and reduce u age
� lmd, thi ĩit)' g vfirnmt::nt publicized
inf rmalion about wh was io perating and \ ho
wfi n I. The chief e. ecu live fi 1ceĩ f the watür
mpan pei ŭnally awarded hou·eh Id· with
exceptional water aving. a p ter of 'an Ra acl , ith
·n th lege1:d, ·�er�� . foll w a rational plan foi u ing
th pie 1ous liquid. Íh fie wards were made íisible
_
in the media. Three m nth later, whìn a e nd
tunnel collap ìd in the refieĩvoir, the üity impo
ed anction for despilfnrradorcs ( quanderer ), th
e
,i with the highe t leǐel of oùerconsumption. \Vhile
the anctions were min r- quandeier had to
paiticipate in a water- aving workshop and ere
ubject to an extia day oi water cut -they were
n�YertheLi effectiĚe bi ause tJ1e targeted highl
611 v1s1bli aitor,. ar-wa hing busine e , aLthough
coLLectively not a majfir our e of\ ater wa te. weí
the primaiy target
Jhe a ·st11npti n underLying the new trateg wa
y

alter ïJI, no one want to be with ut water. But the that ion ìirnli 11 wouLd improǐe ift11e ity created a
rt greater sïope for o ial reward and puni hmìnts

r.- � umption wa wrong. In fact, the city' trategy that helped to rea ure peopLe that a hťe ing the
increased water con umpti n. any peopLe did not
pu�li� good- ontinued ac e to watei-ť as likĉly.
change their behavior becau they did n t think This timì. the assumption was correct. The ch nge in
they cfiuld make a differenc and did n t know
·tiategy helped to create a oĩiaL norm oi watei
whiĩh tep were m t imp rtant. me people even
·11 c?nsìívation. By the eighth week oť the campaign,
ĩtarted to fit ckpile water. .
ì1trw1de \ ater aving had signiìkantJy exìeeded
'11 R gnizťng thć mi take in it a umpti n . the
l'\'l'n the mo t optimi tic technicaL piedictionț.
iity g üernment changed it' tiategy. Ïirst. the
Moieover, the iidu tion in water u e pir i ted long
g íernment reminded pe pie t take aition b
after the tunnel was iepaired and the emergen had
c 11 erving wat r at tim when the weie mo·t likfi
been addres ed
to ovìru e it. tťcker feťturing a pi tun.• of a tatuc
,. of an CafaeL whť h wa t11 name fif the emergency
--:-
ie erfi tr the city wa reLying n aftei thì tunnel
aler Demand in
ì llap e-were di tributed throughout the city.
Bogoti, 'olombia,
Ǐeoplì fieie a ked to placi a ticker b the fauüit that
1997-2009
a particular hou ehold, office. or chool u ed most
,11 Ĭi quïntly. Èhe licker made the need to con erv e 16
:::;,- ---
" C:

\ "-v
0
water at all times alient. Dail ieport of the city's C: u .....
<:l
water onsumption were prominentЛ published in
._cu ,..,
QJ

". . 15 . .
./
the ì unriy' maj r niw paper . Thi rip rt became
il part f public di cu ion about the emergency. 'iii .......,...- /

eĩond, rhe ity g �rnm 111 l unched engaging

and cnterta1mng
_ _ c1111pa1g11 tfi tìach individualų the .....,. .�
.r:,
::l
14 '- f-- .

mo t effective techniqu foĩ h usehold waler u

con eivati n. The campaign containìd memorable I) c>
sl gan', nfi organizefi 4.0 youth voluntüer tog I 97 2 01 2005 200
111 thioughout thì city to infiorm pe pl about the Yefir
m rgcnc and teach thüm cf� ctive trategiü to
rìdu eìon. umpri n. The mayor him If appeaéed in
a TV ad ta.king a shm er, explaining how tht> tap
-ould be turned off while aping.
The main purpo e of the pa age i to Th pa age implie that th city' tr t attempt to
ddre the water hortagfi wa inad quate in th t
A) analyze tbe underlying iea n
it Filìd to
envirorunental chaLlenge
B) compare the strategies used by a iity in A) apply c n ervati n mea ure on i tently
managing two emergeocie aĩiofis all n ighborhoods.
B) explain to re ident how to make th be tu e
C) promote the techn logy u ed by a city to ope
of the new i11formation.
with an ongoing difficulty.
D) di ìus an effective cťty inťtiative to addre e tablish a mechanj m by which reçidfints
a critical ituation. would demonstrate their compliru1ee.
D) in tíucl re identi ab ut the long-teim
dangeis of the fiituation al hand.

Č\Th ich choice be t de ciibe the ov raU tructure

of the pa age?
Afi u c<l in line 18," tep " mo t nearLy mean
A complex problem i de cribed, a failed
attempt to re ol e that pr blem i A) mea ure.
ummarized, and then the detail fa 8) trides.
u ce ful re olution are pre ented.
B) A long- landing dilemma i di cu ed. two :) trur
different olutions to that diLemma aie D) phasei.
pl red, and then a tudy f th osl of l'aih
ç lution i con id red.
A recuirent conflict i examined, a populai
mćan of addre ing that l.'.l nfli t i riticiz d According to the pa age, the purpo ·e f th
and then a eemingly utdatcd meth d i ti ker di tributed by the Bogota city g íernm nt
hampioned. was to

fi) A major program i outlťned, everal A) remind people of the ongoing need to avo d
ob tacle to that program' feasibility are wa ting water.
analyzed, and then an argument for why the B) caution people about the po sibilit È futuiü
piogram can work i ar ticulated. criies.
inspire people to take pride in their city'
con ervation efforts.

Which choice be t upporrs the claim that creative D) reward people for u ìeeding tt ater
ta tics w re mployed r enĩourag pe pL 10 c n eríation.
n ervć \ ater?
A) Linì 2-9 ("When ... rìduced")
"
B) Line I fi-13 ("The city' ... wat r used in line 8, "ĩuts" m st n arly mean,

C) Line. 21-24 ("First...o erus it") A) chrumels.

") B) reduction .
n) Iin _ 42-44 ("Th may r ... ' aping
) grade .
D) shar s.

CONTINUE
 �JiTestDaily, �1W+lf:I00f-'5]��

Th c n lusi n be t dra\ n from the r ults f the Bogola c ording to the 1gur , water demand in Bogota in
city g v rnment' arnpaign is lhat people are 2005 was appr ximately
m re responsive to prai than l ) I 4 ubic meter / ec nd.
puni hrnent in mo t ituation .
B) 14.25 cubi meter / e ond.
B) int rest din learning about new subject if
helpful informational material is available. C) 14.5 cubic meters/ econd. D
able to educate each other regarding th mo t 14.75 cubic meter./ ec nd.
effective mean of handling emergencie .
D) willing to adopt new behavior if adequate
incentive are provided.

According to the data pre ented in the figu re, water

demand in Rogot., i best de cribed a having
A) dr pped on ·iderably from 1999 to 20 2.
hi h ch ice provide the be t evid nee for the an
wer to the previou que tion? B) risen dramatically from 2000 to 2001.

A) Line 33-34 ("The rep rt ... emergency") ) declined teadily from 2002 to 2004.
D) remained table from 2007 to 2009.
B) Line 47-51 ("The chief...liquid")
C) Line 63-6 ("The a umpti n...c rre t")
D) Linc 70-72 ("By thc ... pr dicti n ")

- -

.CONTINUE.
 Questions 22-32 are based on the following
passage.
This passage is adapted fiom Ed Yong, "Razzle Dazzle 'Em:·
(•·12014 by Reed Business Information Ltd.
u1 1909, the piìvailing beliefǐ aü that animfil hid
them el by mat hing their nurr unding . hen
thì paint rand natuiali t Abbott Handeĩ on Thayei
Line sugge ted a different mechani m wa al work: highI
5 onipi uou marking , uch a the zebra's tripe and
the oy teicatcher' bLack-and-white plumage, aie
a tually di gui e . Predator , he rea ned, locate
their prìy b Lo king fi r their outLitte , o animaL
íith high-c ntra ·t markings that di rupt t LLtale
1° 1 edge and create faJ e ne can efiade detection.
WitJt thi and ther idea ab ut animaL markittg ,
Thayei earned him elf th titLe "fath r f
camouflage". But alth ugh di ruptive camouflag
was iit d in count( tixtb ok , it remaitt d LargeLy
,_, untesl d untiL 20fl5, wh n lnne uthilL, Martin
r ven and thćir ioUćagui at th Univ r ity oi
Bri tol, United Kingdom, deČi ·ed an xpeiiment
using fake moth mad Ĩr m pap r triangle. By
pinning them to ak tree, the re ear hŕi· found
that
·" "moths" with black marking on their eJgć were less
lik I l be attaĩked by bťrd than thfi ·e with cìntraL
markings r unit rm I r. "It howed that
disiuption wa indeed a üeiy go d u a of being
hidd n "fiay tevett ·, n , al the nivei ·it f
:!' Ex t í, Unit d Kingd m. ing a �imiLar appr a
h, h find uthill lat i di cofiered that high-
ntia t m ìkingfi be me Le effe
live on e their iontra t ex eedfi that in tfl crefiture
'naturaL enfiir nment.
nì wa · t aǐoid tlii i for ome pait of the body to
t,, blend in while ther land out.
uthill and tečen reíiíed intćre t in di iuptive
iamouflage, but the fir t real in ight ittt ju t how
it works ame only la t year. Riihard \ eb ter at
arleton Univei ity in ttawa, anada, a ked
• • oluntecrs lo
-\:aich fi i iitual m th 11 a comput í
sere n while an ye-tra ker monit iĩd theii gaze.
''\ e c uld aim t Çet infiide p ople' eye ," he a .
H fi und Lhat the m ie patche m th' had c n their
edge, the moiz İten íolunt er failed to noti e
Jo them, a.nd thìy ne dcd to fìx le theii ga.ze on
them for longer Lo haw an)r chance oÌ sp tting
thìm. Thìe -Ira king vindicated Tha er again: b
breaking up an animal' utline, di ruptiie
camouflage do impaii a piedator' abilil)' t fipot it
,t prìy.
lthough instiu rive, th xpenment had an
b iou ih rte ming: humans d n t pie)' 11 m thfi.
let alone computei-g n rated on F- T lefit i h ther
difiiuptiĭe ioloring r
I iti int nd d audi nee,
t" teǐens h i tait d I ld trialfi. In Zambia and fiouth
Afri a, hi team i ·tud)'ing ground-n sting biid· that
iely on disrupti e camouflagì, including nightjar
and ploveis. His team measuiefi the patt rns on the
r
biids' featheri 10 quantify ho well hiddìn th at
,5 in their environment. The fi aL o tiaĩk the biid '
iurviíaL to determine how effecti ely the evade
piedatoi
ightjai · and pL vei are dťffiĩuLt to pot in lhe
fir t pLa e, ,o the ie earíher haie ćmpLo ed,
h arp -
Ml ighted local guide to help fmd them. Thi. iai e th
que tion ť, hethür predator , Likć the guide , might
be le · easil f oled by di iuptive marking a they
be ome mor familiar with them. La I year, teíen
and his team found that pe pied graduallfi güt
h5 bettei at pottittg fiirtual moth , e p iaLJy if th y e
sećeral at die ame time. H u pect that the
fiolunteer· Learnt top the futiLe earch for outlinì .
and initead tart canning for the high-cont.ra t
maiking .
-,, , hether non-human predator adopt th same
tactic is haid to a . They may not e en
camouflage marking in the arne wa thal Wt: d .
But ii predatoi can learn to ee tlirough di ruptive
camouflage, it would suggest that thi con ealmenl
-Ś stiategy is more lťkely to e oLve in pre that face
shoit-li ed or generali t predator than long-lived i
speciaLi t one .
Figure 1
urviřal Írobaility
oJ irtual fioth Tfirgìts
c
. .., 20%,---,---.---,r--,---
� 15% -t---+---11---+---+--_j
-;.c; "' ·:-.
e >
C: I 0% -t---t----ll---+-r-:::;;J...-=:=-j
0... �
� 04/i F----+---+---
5 JO IS 20 25 30
umber oi dge rat he
 Figure2
fiearch Ïime lo Detect
Širtual Moth Target· nological aciount oÈ
12 h w ·cientists
Q)
10 A) increa d their und rstanding of a parti ular
=- camouflage strateg .

--
,... 8

-
- -0
�
C � B) accepted and then rejected iu ce iǐ
6 camĩuflage mechani m
,. a,
,
L---'
"' u0 4
Q)

C) gradually lost interest in camouflage-íelated

� 2 re arch.
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 D) teadily incorporated human ubj ĩti into
Number of edge patche cam uflage-related re earch.

Figttres adapted from Richard J. Webster et al., "Disruptive

Camouflage Impairs Object Recognition." C>2013 by Richard J.
Webster et al.
Which choiie bl·St late the relation hip between
uthill and 'teíen · work and Thayer' work?
A) Cuthill and teven provided empirical suppoit
for Ëhayer' theory.

The main purpo e f the pa sage i to H) uthill and teven refined the logic underlying
Ïhayer' ai umption .
A) explain how predators are able to hunt
C) Cuthill and tevens continued an experimental
animal that u e di ruptive camouflage a a
procedure that had been introduced by Thayer.
defen e.
D) Cuthill and teven popularized an idea f
B) plore how di ruptive camouflage helpfi
Thayer's that had been largely overlo ked.
cienti t track wing c loration pattern in
moth.
') di u the implication f. eveial s ientiĨk
studie oncerning di ruptiie cam uflagc.
Which choice provide the be t evidence for the
D) defend a theory regarding di ruptive amouflage answer to the previou que tion?
again tit critic .
A) Line 11-13 ("With...of camouflage")
B) Line 13-18 ("But...triangle ")
C) Lines 25-28 ("Using...environment")
The author's central claim about disruptive D) Lines 29-30 ("One...out")
camouflage is that it is
ieadiLy neutralized by scanning for outline .
B) a nee-effective prot ction trategy that ha
become b olete.
a viabl d fens againit paiticulai piedators.
D) mo t useful � hen it ernpl y color, that differ
from the environment.

CONTINUE
 he author mot lik ly u s thew rd" auntie "
Ïhe data in tgurì 1 bìt uppor1 whiih
{linì 14) lo
. tatement about th mean pr bability of sur iíal
A) de. rib thevarietyoftextb ok l which for th virtual m th ?
c mouOage re earch r hav ĩontributed
A) It i direĩtly corr lated with the t tal
material.
numbei f irtual moth that arfi pie cnt.
B) emphaiize tflfi wide pread and long- tanding
t is ia ierto determinethan i thì number
a ceptance oÈ ín unteąted theoi oÉ oÉ edge patĩhesthat are present.
camouflage.
Jt eventually tart to decrea e as the
C) haracterize the numfier f diffierent numfier of edge patche increa e .
camouflage pattern b erved in
nature. D) It increa e with the numfier of edge
patihefi that are pre ent.
ugge t the impracti ality of tudying
camouflage pattern in every relevant pecie .

Aĩiording t 1 thfi data pre ented in figure 2,

what wa the 111 an earch time, in econd , to
loĩatì ǐirtual moth with exactly five edge pat he
As used in lin 22,"uniform" mo t nearly mean ?
A) indi tingui hable.
B) smple.
C) unvarying.
D) "ymmetric.

lnthepa age,the auth r uggct that human·

and n nhuman predator may diffi r in th ir
abiUt t
A) pei eive vi ual patt rn .
B) dete t mall motion .
) locate ground-ne ting bird .
D) hear high-pitched ound .

hich ch ce pr vide the b t evid n c foi

th an weç lo th pr vi u qu ti n?
A) Lines 3 -41 ("H found... p ning th m")
B) Line 4 -fi (fiÁlthough... tìial ")
) Line 63-69 ("Last...markifig •")
D) Linì 70-72 (''Whether... d ")
A) 2
8) 4
) 6
D) 8
 Questions 33-42 are based on the following
passage.
Passage 1 is adapted from a speech delivered to the
United Nations General Assembly on 1948 by Eleanor
Roosevelt, "On the Adoption of the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights". Passage 2 is adapted from Eric Poçner, "The
Case against Human Rights''©2014 by Guardian News and
Media Limited.
Passage 1
In giving our approvaJ to the Declaration today it
i oi primary importance that we keep ĩLearLy in
mind rhe ba i character ofth document. It i not a
triaty; it i not an international agreement. It i not
:, and does n t purport to b a tat m nt fLaw or of
legal obfigati n. It i a D cLaration of ba ic prin iple
É human right and freedom , to be stamped with
thì approvaL oithe eneraL As emblfi by formaL vote
fit member , and to ·erve a a common tandard
Jn oĨ achievement for all p pie oi all nation .
ffie tand today at the thre hoLd of a great event
both in tbfi Life ìthe Urut d ation and in thì life
Ĩ mankind....
At a time when th re are o many i ·suefi on whi h
J- we find it diffi ult to rea h a mm n bfi. is Í
agreement, it i a ignifiìant fac:t that SR talcfi have
found u ha large mea ur f agreemìnt in the
ìomple · fieLd ihuman right .Ïhi must be taken a·
testimony oĩ ur c mmon a piration fir. t oi cd in
1
u the baiter of the Unit d ation· t liÌt mìn ìǐ
f) vhìre t a high r tandard oi lifi and t a
greatei nj yment ffreedom. Man'sd ireforp a e
Ii s behind thi DecLaration. The reaLization that the
flagiint violation ofhuman righti by azi and
,., ťa i t countrie owed the ed oithe last worLd
war ha uppfied the impetus for the work which
ringi u lo the moment oi achievement here toda
In a re ent peech in anada, lad tone Murray
. aid:
u1 The central fa t i th t man i ìundam nlallj a
m ral being. that the fight we have i impìrfect
d es not malt i long as, e aìe alway trying
to improve it ... we ie equal in fiharing the
m ral freedom that di ·tinguishe us a men.
,, Man' tatufi makes eafih indi idual an end ll1
him elÉ. o man i b nature simply the eriant
of the tale or oi aoolher man ... the ideal and
fact of freedom-anfi not le hnol gy rıe the
true distinguishing marks oiour ci ilizati n.
111 Thi Declaration i based up HI th piritual lacl
r
that man muil haǐe f e d min whi h to devìlop his
full taturì and tJ1r ugh ĩommon effi rt t íai e lb
levìl oí human dignity.\ have muìh to d t full
a hieíe and Lo assure the rightì et forth in this
15 Declaration. But haíing them put beFre u with the
moral backing oť 8 nali ns will be a great tep
orwaìd.
Passage 2
Many peopLe argue that the incorporation oi the
idea oĩ human right int international law i one of
,o the great moral achieŸement ofhuman hi tory.
Be au e human right law give right to aU people
regard Le oinationfiLity, it deprives goíernment of
their traditional ripo·tï fihen foreigner ĩriticise
them for abu ing their itizen -namely
,5 " vereigntfi" (which i law- peak for "none of your
bu 'inefi. ").Thu , internationaL human righti law
pioŸidei peopLe with invaluabLe protection agaťn t
the power i the ·tate.
And yet it i hard to avoid the conclu ion that
T" goiernment continue to čiolate human iight with
impunity.Whfi, for example, do more than
150 countrie (out of I 93 countrie that belong to th
) engage iJ1 torture? Why has the number i
authoritarian countrie increa ed in the last ·everal
,.,., year ? Why do fiomen remain a ubordinate cla . in
nearLyaUcountrie ofthe worLd?Wh dochildr n
continue to work in mines and faĩtorie in o man
countrie ?
The truth is that human rights law ha failed l
~o ac omplish its objectives. There i littLe e iden that
human right treatie , on the whole, have impi ved
the fieLLbeing of peopLe.The rea on i that human
rights were never a univer aJ a people h ped, and
the beliei that they could be forced upon iountri a
-5 a matter of international law wa shot thr ugh with
mi guided assumption ĩiom the verybeginning....
Although the mofićrn notion oJ fluman rights
ćmerg d during the 18th ĩentuiy, it íai on
Deĩember 10, 194 , that the t ry began in earn st,
·o with the adoption f the niver al Declaration o
Human Righfi y th U genćial a mbl . Th
d ĩlaration aro e from the ashes Ĩ thĉ second w iid
war and aimed lo laun h a nefi, brighter eia f
internati nal r lation ....
�- The weaknesses that wmfld go on to
undermine human rights law were there Írom th
tart. The uniĭer al declarati n wa not a treaty in
the formal ·en e: no one at the time belie ed that
iL
- -
CONTINUE
 ĩreated legally binding oblijati n . It was not ratitied
90 by nation but approved by the general a fiembly, and
the UN ĩharter did not giíe the geneial a embly the
power to make internafional law. oreovìr, thì
right were de cribed in íajue, a pirati nal term ,
which couJd be interpreted in multiple way .
Whiĩh choice from Pa age I best upport the
idea that in Roo eíelt' view, the cooperation of
various nation in the deveLopment ofthe
niier al Declaration oť Human Rights mark a
major accompli hment?
[n Pa age 2 Po ner' ufie of t.he phra e "none oí
your businì "(line 55-56) primariLy rvcs to
create a
th ughtfuJ tone that en ourage refle Lion on
how a term has fihifted in significance.
B) suspiciou tone that ca ts doubt on how a
term ha ĩhanged over time.
comical tone that ugge t how a term has
been mi interpreted.
D) wry tone that convey a di appro ing view of
how a term has been u ed.

A) Line 3-4 ("It i not a...agreement")

B) Line 14-18 ("At a time...right ")
) Line 40-43 ("Thi ...dignity") Aìĩording to ťa age2, wh n did the idea of
D) Line 43-45 ("We have...Declaration") human rights a we now under tand them ĩir t
began to develop?

Ill _ A) Prior to the J 8th century

A u ed in Line 19, "te timony" mo t neaiLy mean B) During the 18th century
) In 1948
A) public affirmation.
D) After 1948
B) I gaL record.
C) per onal account.
0) diǐine ruL
Pas age 2 mo t trongly ugge ts that a significant
flaw of the Univer aJ Declaration of Human Rights
In ťaifiage 1, Roo evelt u e thć quotation from i · that i
lad tone Murray primarily to
A) exploit humanity' fear oť war in arguing for
A) reinforce her belief that women have a the importance oť human rights.
right to the rune ba ic freedom a men in aJI
B) focu e too narrowLy on vioLati ns oĔ rightfi
nation .
by authoritarian goěernment .
B) under ĩore her fear that a nation's
pre ents the righfi uĩh that they lack ìlear
tàĩhnologi aJ aims could compromise thŕ
and preĩi e application .
freedom of it" citizen .
D) ex ludes iertain rights that do not align ǔith
C) d velop her idea that moral individuals
align with vaJue· r fleeted in the United
hould exerci e their freedom in the
atiũns harter.
erviĩe f the state.
D) intr duĩe her claim that ertajn Írčedom are
required for fuJiiUing humanity'· full
potential

CONTINUE
Which îh ice pr íide the be t eiidence for rn their di u ion of human right , both
Lhe an wer lo the previ us que tion? pa iges rĩfleìt an und rlying concern with th

) Un 85-87 ("Thî weak.nes e · ...start") A) reaìtion of United Nations offi ials to new
B) Line 87-89 ("The univer al... bligatìon ") gl baJ iniliafivefi in ol ·ng human right .

Line 89-92 ("lt wafi ... law") B) fallibility of key assumptions underlying the
)
idea of univerial human right
D) Lines 92-94 ("fioreośer... way ·")
) welfare of people liǐing under oppreìiiie
ocial and political circum tancefi.
D) danger of intervention by d moĩratic
go ernments on behalf of citizens in
Both pa age clarify the nature of the Univer al authoritarian tate .
Declarition f Human Right by
A) cimparing it to notable international
agreement of the past.
B) distingui hing it from legally binding
document hiih paragraph oi Passage 2 pre ent a viefi of
human right law that is mo t consistent fiith
C) demon trating it ba i in key democratic
Roosevelt's vieǔ of human rights in Pa agel?
principle
D) ćmpha izing it wide adoption by divers A) Ïhe fir t paragraph (line 48-5 )
government B) The second paragraph (line 59-6 )
C) The third paragraph (lines 69-76)
D) The last paragraph (lines 85-94)

CONTINUE
 Questions 43-52 are based on the following
passage.
This passage is adapted from Sid Perkins, ''Can Sea
Monkeys Stir the Sea?" tf.12014 by American Association
for the Advancement of Science.
Windì, wavìs, nd tide are crucial for mixing
th ·urface fiater. oj lake and seas, tranfipoiting
heat downward and imultan ou ly bringing
Line nutrient-rich water up to the urface where light-
s harv ting phytoplankton need them to thriv .
But mall marine reatur help uch proce e· a
they migrate to the ocean urface each night to forage
and then return t the relative afety of unlit depths
during daylight hours, ome re earcher think. ne
1u f the mo t familiar oi the e traveler , kn wn to kid
fiorldwide a the ea monkey, i the brine hrimp
Artemia fialinfl, ay John Dabiri, a fluid dynamici l
at the alifi rnia In titute ofTe hnology ( alt ch).
Alth ugh the maJl wirl reated by the fa t-
1:; churning legs ofa ingle ea m nkey are not trong
enough to ignifiicantly tir th ea , the eddie kicked
up by billion fthem might do the tri k, Dabiri and
ther have pr posed. To le t th notion, he and
M niĩa Wilhelmu , also of altech, mea ured the
.!P tin urrent triggered by artifi ially indu ed
migiati nfi of brine hrimp in the lab.
Dabiii and Wilhelmu u ed blue and green la er·
to induce thou and oi 5-millimeter-long brine
hrimp to "migrate" to and fiom the bottom of a
,, 1.2-meter-d p tank. Th reature are. tr ngly
attracted to th e color , Dabiri ay . The ie ear her
sh ne the blu la er into the tank and moved it
.1 wly up and down to control the cru tacean '
veitical rn vement . Ïhe tank' olid walls ould
,11 lrongly affe t the flow patterns generated by the
hrimp a they wam, o the re earcher kept the
shrimp away from the edge of the tank by hining
th gr en la er beam directly down into the center.
To help ǐisualize the sfiiil and eddi geneiated
by
1� the shrimp, the resìariher added c piou am unt
of ilvcr-coated mi r çphere to the water and
illuminated them with a red la er, a color lhat d eìn'l
eem to affüĩt the hrimp 'behavior.
The team'i high-. peed videos of the teeming.
tı, las r-lit migrationfi ĩaptured imagefi of fiwirls muih
larger than the creature them elves, hiih re ulted
from the interactions of mailer tlows created by
indiíidual . Thï laĩgei th ŭirl . thí more efiiecti t-:
the mFdng might be, Dabiĩi ay . "So even for low
-F migialion , there could be trong effe t ," he notefi.
Íreíi u tudi ugge t that light-hanre ting
phytoplankton, the base f th o ean' food chain,
oll it about 60 terawarti of solar enćrgy.
Dabiri fiay·. E en if marine rgani mi that consum
,o phytoplankton îonśeít InJ I% f that pow r into
mixing th oceans, tJ1at' collecti elj iompaiabl t
th mixing power of wind and tide , Dabiri and
W1elmuç report.
"This is a ieally innovative experimental etup
,s that proťides a nice iUu tration of flow vela ities,"
ay hri tian , a fluid d namici t at the
Universit ofKoblenz-Landau. Jeannette Yen. a
biological oieanographer at the Georgia In titute of
Te hnolog c, agree . "I like the idea of u ing [the
60 shrimp 'I behavior to lure them lo the camera," he
ay
But cienti t di ·agree on hm effecti e
billions f churning ea m nkey leg might be in
blending ocean layer that are hundred of meter d
ep.
...,_; "I wouldn't want to çay ju t yet that [biomixing] i
important at a global cale'' olely ba ed on a lab
experiment, says tephen Monismith, a fluid
mechaniìi tat tanford Univer ity. Andre isser,
phy ical oceanographer at the Technical niverfiiry
-o of Denmark, agree . "Mo t ofthe energy [from tl1e
shrimpI probably goe into heating the fiater'' rather
thru1 mixing it, he çay
IJ1 fact, the upper and lower layers oi the ea haíe
mea urable difference in den ity, a tratiÉication
-ư that, aciording to theor , would reduce thí effiiieniy
of any biomL'<ing. And sub equently, experiment
similar to Dabiri's sugge ted that lratification title
mixing. In that re earch, o and colleague Andrea
Lorke, al o of Koblenz-Landau, ·tudied the eÈfie t oĨ
so large crowd Ê aquatic ìreature ìalled Daph11i11
(commonly known a water flea ) a they migrated
up and down in a tank ofmildly stratified water. Afi
expected, the stratification quelihed the biomixing
generated by the wimming Daplmia, o sa ·.
�, Tho refiult· aren't surprising, ii er a s. "11'
difficult to lifr h av wat r up and tfi puih light water
d wn."
Dabiri and hi· c II figue · next et of lab
expeíimĉnt wťll look at the effect f ea monke
Yu mijrationa in tratified watir , he ay,. Tho e
experiments h uld reveal v hether ea monkeys are
fietter mixerfi than water tle s.
CONTINUE
Thi main purp e Īthe pa age i t
de. cribe 1ìld b ervati nç fa particul r typì
o biomixing.
B) pre ent an w ìientiÍk c n nsu c ncerning
how biomixing ocìur .
di ·ìu s p rim ntaL r ieaich on a poiiibl
Whiih ch i e provide the be t eviden e � r the
an.\t1ei L the pre i uĩ qu . ti n?
Lines 6-c9 ("The re earcher-... m vern nl ")
B) Line 29-33 ("Th tank'ç ... enter")
) Linìs '4-38 ("To heLp...behavi r'')

-
D) Line '9--l ("Thì team' ...individual ")
example ofbiomixing.

D) i ìoncil ome contradictory ťinding about

the effiect fbiomixing.

A u ed in lmc -10, "captured" mo t nearLy means

A) iized.
Úhe main purpo e of the di cu ion oť blue and B) impri oned.
gr en la er i t
) record d.
xplain how the re earcher w re able to ee
the wirl made by thì brine hrimp.
D) attiacted.

B) de rib how th re archćr attempt fi to

guide the motion ofthe brine hrimp.

C) ilLu trat h \ the brin hrimp in I he

íü ear her ' tudy differ from brinì. hrimp in The quotation from os and ťen (line· 54- I)
th o ean. primarily erve to
difi u how thi ri earìher. di coieied the
dajly migrati n pall rn of brine. hrimp in th A) provide expert evaluation of the xp rim ntal
method u ed b Dabiri and iLhčlmu .
cean.
B) explain re ervation that other re ean::hei ha e
about Dabiri and ilhelmu ' on lu ·ion·.

illu trate the two ide fth iìnti fk fi bate

that Dabiri and ilhelmu atJempted to re- Ive.
The pa age mo t trongly ugge t that in
de i 0ning thìir e periment, Dabiri and D) offiir xample ofthe holarl onsensus that

-
Wilhelmu tri d to exclude the po ibility that Dabiri and ithelmu challenged.

A) the duration ofthe experiment differed from

the typi al duration of a brine hrimp
migration.
rding to th pa age, Moni mith i not
B) cha11ge. in the data reflected tht: bri nc::
hrimp_' ad ptati n t tJ1e e peîimental on in ed that abiii and ilh lmu 's re ult ian bi
onditi n . g nüíalizcd t th natural ìn ir nment.
') the fippaiatu' in whi h the brine hiimp B) iepli at:ed under th same onditioni.
wüie h Id influenìed the í fiuit of the ·p
iimćnt. ) veíified by othei re aichei .
I ) re n iled with eailier findings.
O) red la ei light u ed t illuminate the
micrfipheie · would affect the moĭ ment of
the rine hrimp.
 Which hoice be t upp rt the idea that the The informati n about the tudy f wat r flea i
migration of brine hrirnp may not have the effect provided primarily a eviden e in upp rt f the
ugg t d by Dabiri and Wilh lmu ? id a that
Lines 65-68 ("T w uldn't... niv r ity") A) ocean wat r i stratifi d in layer f
B) Lines 70-72 ("Most...sa ") different densities.
C) Line 78-82 ("In that.....water") B) the brine hrimp i not the onJ specie that
circulate nutrients.
D) Line 88-90 ("Dabiri.....ay ")
biomixing i le likely to occur in light water
than in heavy water.
D) water tratiflcation reduce the likelihood of
succe ful biomixing.
s u ed in line 82, "mildly" mo t nearly mean
A) plea antly.
B) humbly.
) vague! .
DJ mod rately.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

CONTINUE
 Writing and Language Test
35 MINUTES 44 QUESTIONS
Turn 1o Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer the questions ťn this sectioffi_

DIRECTIONS

Each passage below is accompanied by a number oF questions. For some questions, you
will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For other
questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence
structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by one
or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and
editing decisions.

Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will
direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.

After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively
improves the quality oF writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the
conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a ''NO CHANGE" option
Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the
passage as it is.

Question 1-11 are based on the following passage. - A) 0 HA GE

Dino aui Di a ter B) ago, dino aur , along with
Roughly o. million year Da o, dino aur filon ) ago dino aurs, alongt ith,

-
fiith 6. t 70 pàrcent of ther plant and animal pìĩie on D) ago <lino aur along with,

Ear1h. bĩcame extinìt. Thii massiǐe wave oî

extinctions-which make the end oi the ielaceou

0 HA E
gür Ir gi period-ha· I ng f cin¿ kd
8)
pr po al i numerou explanation f r it. The mo t ell
·) cienti ts, and the hfi e prop eJ
kn wn I thec i thí Alvarez h p th .. whi h h IJ · D) sci nti cfi, th )r havü pie po J
that fi giganllc a t roid truik tfle plan t. au "ing lirmite

hange and e os ıem oil apfie.

 rh� Aliarez hyp tJ1esi fir ĩ emír c:d in 1980.

Jn that year. scientist Iuis and Walter lvarez notiJ Lh

Whiĩfl choi be t combines th entence at the
fligh level oi iiidium, an ïlement tflat is iarì on Eaid1 but undüilined portifin?

bundant in asteioids, in layïi of ro k fiom tfle· th year 1980, the . car wh n

BJ 1980, in fihi fl year

Cretaceou pìriod. ·n1 y prop ,ed that iridium ould b
) I 8fi, when

-
evidenc oÉ a ma· ive ter id trike. 111i flypotflc i
D) 1980; ii was then thal
ain fi t Jfiitional upport ťn th l 990s, after re

earìhśr

determined that a 110-mťle-wide ĩrater near the town oÊ

1O HA fiE
flicxulub, Mexťco, wa likely au ed bfi an a teroid B) wťth re ults being

trikü at the ìnd oÈ the retaïeou perťod. TI1e a teroťd' C) and re ulting to

D) fiitfl rüsult i11

impa t w uld have ejected a tremendou amount oì

iiifiium-containťng du t ťnt the atmo pherì, blocking

·unlight and re uJting in global co lťng and a

·the 1,·iiter ť consťdìring deleting the unfierlined poition,
larknĩss that would have halted photo ynthesis. The ·e
adjusting the pun tuatťon a neüd<: i. Sh uld th!:!
sudden en ironm ntal hi.ft would have rapidly dîiŚìn underlined portion be kept or deleted?

manfi ·püciü to ìxtťnctťon, II ac rted A) Kept, beìause it rai an objection to the

h pothe i thffit i di cu ed ťn mored taťl in
Ivar 1..

by h rp decline ťn the level of plankton and pollen

the re L of the pas age.
in the fo ii record afteí the a teroťd tiikć. B) Kept, be au e it provťde eviden e of the ·uJdeo
environmental hift mentioned earlieĩ in the
entence.

Deletefi, be u ì il d ribe effects of Lhï

a t r ťd impa t that ha e aJread been di u - d
in uffi ťent detaťl.
D) Deleted, becau e ťt shifts the oierall focus of
the pa sage by di cu . ing extinctionç of life-forms
ther than dťno aur .
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