Readings in PHILIPPINE HISTORY Nestor M. Asuncion Geoffrey Rhoel C. Cruz Authors Bernardino C. Ofalia Digital Content EditorThe Meaning and Relevance Cm SON) This module emphasizes the relevance of studying Philippine history in the 21st Century. It focuses on analyzing Philippine history from multiple perspectives based on selected primary sources from various disciplines and genres.wei PULL penny pyres << section discusses the basic difference between prithy eae lary source ‘materials, and their importancejy ture of what really transpired in Phil different kinds of primary’so * equrce and second: Seetti 1g a better pict It also identifies the Intended Learning Outcomes — munmnunuaumamucwors ‘At the end of this section, the students are expected to: 1. differentiate primary and secondary sources of historical records; and 2. identify possible repositories of primary sources.‘The Meaning and Relevance of History Diagnostics your vite, fr your chid, fr yeurbrther, ond for your owen } i X Believe in the chastisement of the perverse and the treacherous and in the reward of all good work. Believe, also, that the aims of the KKK are the gifts > of God; for the hopes of the Country are aiso the \ hope of God. et 85Readings in Philippine History By Emillo Jacinto |. Life whichis not consecrated to a lofty and sacred cause Is ke a tree without a shadow, if not @ poisonous weed. IL A good deed that springs from a desire for personal profit and not from 1 desire to do good 1s not kindness. I. True greciness consists In being charitable, In loving one's fellowmen and In adjusting every movement, deed, and word to true Reason. IV. Al men are equal, be the color of thelr skin black or white. One may tbe superior to another in knowledge, wealth, and beauty, but cannot be ‘superior in being. V. He who is noble prefers honor to personal gains; he who Is mean prefers personal prof to honor VL To a man with a sense of shame, his word Is Inviolate. Vil. Don't fritter away time; lost riches may be recovered, but time lost wil ‘never come again. Vill, Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor. } 1 An Intelgent man Is he who Is cautious in speech and knows how to keep the secrets that must be guarded. X In the thomy path of fe, man Is the guide of his wife and children; If he who guides moves towards evi, they who are guided ikewise move towards evi 1, Think not of woman as a thing merely to while away time with, but as a helper and partner In the hardships of Ife. Respect her In her weakness, ‘and remember the mother who brought you Into this world and who cared for you In your childhood Xl, What you do nt want done to your wife, daughter, and sister, do not do to the wife, daughter, and sister of another. Xl, The nobilty of a man does not consist In being a king, nor In the highness of the nose and the whiteness of the skin, ner in being a priest representing God, nor In the exalted postion on this earth, but pure and truly noble Is who, though bom in the woods, Is possessed of an upright character; who Is true to his word: who has dignity and hener, who does ‘not oppress and does not help those who oppress; who knows how to look after and love the land of his bith. XV. When these doctrines spread and the Sun of beloved liberty shines with briliant effulgence on these unhappy Isles and sheds tts soft rays upon the united people and brothers in everlasting happiness, the lives, labors, ‘and sufferings from those who are gone shall be mere than recompensed. 86‘Analyzing the Slaniicance of Primary Sources to the History ofthe Flipino People Exerclse 2.3.4 mmmnanisinnnamannnasssannsnannenmnansiniis Assessing the Importance of the Primary Sources In Understanding the Grand Narrative of Philippine History Name: Section: Instructions: Give three reasons why the Kartilya ng Katipunan is important to the grand narrative of Philippine history, 1 i‘Analyzing the Significance of Primary Sources tothe History ofthe Flipine People References ~mmmnmnnnssnnanarnninnensnscimnancstits De Veyra, L. (2011, April 19). Word of the Lourd: Jacinto. TVS The Evening News. Retrieved from htt www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyaqlUsq0CO Emilio 7 Richardson, J. (2013). Emilio Jacinto, Kartilya ng Katipunan. In Declaration of Principles, pp. 121-137.. Their points in Philippine history. This fe of these two artis d their most Intended Learning Outcomes At the end of this section, the students are expected to: 1. identify the symbolism used in the works of Luna and Amorsolo; 2. explain the importance of the works of Luna and Amorsolo to the grand narrative of Philippine history; and 3. evaluate the relevance of the works of Luna and Amorsolo to the present time, 90Juan Luna showcased his artistic skills to illustrate the situation of the Philippines under the Spanish colonial administration. Imagine that you are tasked to describe the Philippine nation to a foreigner who does not have any idea about the Philippines through a visual work. Draw or sketch a representation of the Phili understanding of its present condition. ippine nation according to your own 9Readings In Philippine History Juan Luna (1857-1899) Juan Luna was born on October 23, 1857 in Badoc, Hlocog Norte. He was third among the seven children of Joaquin Luna de San Pedro y Posadas (from Zambales) and Laureang Novicio y Ancheta (from La Union). He married Maria de la Paz Pardo de Tavera and had two children. He was granted the title Licentiate Pilot for High Seas after passing the government examination for sailors. He was also a member of the Hong Kong Revolutionary Committee (Hong Kong Junta) that tried to convince Emilio Aguinaldo during his exile in Hong Kong to return to the Philippines and take part in the armed rebellion against the Spaniards. Many Filipino middie class families had the chance to study not only in the Philippines but in Europe as well, allowing them to be exposed to new ideas and ideologies. It was during this time that Juan Luna became famous for his artistic works, Historical Background of Luna's Paintings Many of Luna's paintings illustrate literary and historical scenes that carried political commentaries, The most important work of Luna is the Spoliarium, the largest painting in the Philippines (4.22 m x 7.67 m). Luna spent eight months working nal de Bellas Artes in Madrid, Another work of Juan Luna is the La Muerte de Cleopatra (The Death of Cleopatra) which won the silver medal in the 1881 Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes in Madrid, When The Battle of Lepanto, another work of Luna, won the gold medal in the 1888 Exposicién Nacional de Bellas Artes in Madrid, Jose Rizal delivered a congratulatory speech for the success of Juams Luna,Analyzing the Significance of Primary Sources to the History of the Filipino People 93Readings in Philippine History Aside from his award-winning paintings, Juan Luna ty also renowned for the following remarkable works: (1) 4, EI Pacto de Sangre which shows the blood compact betivees Datu Sikatuna and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi; (2) the Parisgn Life which shows a lady sitting uncomfortably in a couch in 5 Public bar while being discretely observed by three men wg, according to public interpretations, resemble Jose Rizal, Juan Luna, and Dr. Ariston Lin-Bautista; and (3) the Portrait of a Lady which was first titled Paz Pardo de Tavera, after the wife of Luna which shows a woman holding a rosary in a scene that seems to be after a sexual interlude. However, the lady in the painting does not look like Juan Luna’s wife at all, Some critics suppose that it resembles the image of Luna’s favorite model, a Caucasian named Angela Duche while others believe the lady is an image of Luna’s idealised vision of his wife, This particular painting is controversial for it contains no foreshadowing to the tragedy of Luna’s marriage which ended with him shooting his wife in September of 1892. Fernando Cueto Amorsolo (1892-1972) Fernando Amorsolo was born in Calle Heran (popularly known today as Pedro Gil) in Paco, Manila on May 20, 1892. He studied at the Art School of the Liceo de Manila and at the University of the Philippines’ School of Fine Arts. He worked as draftsman for the Bureau of Public Works, as a Chief Artist at the Public Commercial Company, and as a Part time instructor in the University of the Philippines, Amorsolo painted and sketched more than 10,000 pieces over his lifetime using natural and backlighting techniques, which gave him numerous awards and recognitions, “1h themes of his paintings are mostly rural Philippine landscapes, Two of Amorsolo's award-wining works are (1) the Leyendo EI Periodico which won second place in the Bazaar Fein, 94Analyzing the Slanificance of Primary Sources to the History of the Filipino People in 1908 and (2) the Afternoon Meal of Rice Workers which won first prize the New York World’s Fair in 1939. Other works of Amorso lo mclige the Making of the Philippine Flag, The First Baptism in the Philippines which was based on the accounts of Pigafetta, and Under the Mango Tree. On April 24, 1972, Amorsolo died from heart failure. In the same year, Amorsolo was declared the first National Artist of the Philippines in painting, He is also considered as the “ “ the “Gi Old Man of Philippine Art.” sidered as the “Grand Historical Background of Amorsolo’s Paintings Amorsolo’s paintings depict life during the late American regime and the Japanese occupation in the Philippines. He was known for his works focusing on rural landscapes that show his mastery in the use of light. ‘Amorsolo’s significant paintings during the Japanese occupation depict wartime atrocities particularly the suffering of the Filipinos under the Japanese authorities. Some of Amorsolo’s works presenting such scenes are the Bombing of The Intendencia, the Bombing of the Legislative Building, the Rape of Manila, and the Burning of Sto. Domingo, all produced in 1942; Rizal Avenue in Ruins and Defense of a Filipino SER OA Woman's Honor in 1945; and the [MS s Burning of Manila in 1946. cre) ek ene 95Analyzing the Significance of Primary Sources to the History of the Filipino People Exercise 2.4.| wmnonunnsvnicesansnnnmunsnusnsauuusnuuuitiir, Artists and their Paintings Name: Section: Instructions: Choose two paintings—one by Juan Luna and another by Fernando Amorsolo. Compare the artists’ styles and techniques as observed from the chosen paintings. Provide specific details derived from your observation, Luna's painting: Amorsolo’spainting Observations:Readings in Philippine History 98Analyzing the Significance of Primary Sources to the History of the Filipino People Exercise 2.4.2 mummnnnnansassnunncnnunnnunnsiscsiataiiine Mysterious Paintings Name: Section: Instructions: Juan Luna used his skills in painting to expose the state of the Philippines under the Spanish colonial rule. Aside from this, some of his paintings became popular because of the personal stories attached to them. His painting Parisian Life caught the attention of the public in 2002 after GSIS bought it for P46 million at an auction in Hong Kong. The Portrait of a Lady also became popular because of rumors that it was cursed. In 300 to 500 words, write your thoughts on these stories of mysterious paintings from insights you may gain from the readings referenced below. Use a separate sheet of paper if necessary. Readings: * Chua, X. (2013, October 24). Interpretasyon ng Parisian life ni Juan Luna. Xiao time. Retrieved from hitps:// xiaochua.net/2013/10/27/xiao-time-24-october-2013-mga- interpretasyon-ng-parisian-life-ni-juan-luna-part-1_ and https:/ /xiaochua.net/ 2013/10/27 xiao-time-25-october- 2013-mga-interpretasyon-ng-parisian-life-ni-juan-luna- part-2 * Gomez, J. (2017, January 20). Behind the curse of Juan Luna’s Portrait of a Lady. Esquire. Retrieved from https:// www.esquiremag,ph/culture/arts-and-entertainment/ crimes-and-punishment-a1549-20170120-lfrm3 9