Pedigree is a chart that

diagrams the inheritance of a

trait or health condition
through generations of a
family.

Pedigrees show the

presence or absence of a trait
as it relates to the relationship
among parents, offspring, and
siblings.
Plus Tree/Select/Superior
• A tree marked as a seed
source because of its
superior phenotypic
characteristics.
• A phenotypically superior
but untested tree in terms of
its genetic worth.
Candidate Tree
• Selected for grading because
of its desirable phenotypic
characteristics but has not yet
been graded/tested.
Elite Tree
• Proven to be genetically
superior
• Most desired for mass
propagation of seeds and
vegetative propagules

Comparison/Check Tree
• Trees located in the same stand
with nearly same age, growing on
the same sites as the select tree
and against which select tree is
graded.
=
Seed orchard
• An intensively managed plantation of specifically arrange trees for
the mass production of genetically improved seeds to create seeds
for the establishment of new forests.
Micropropagation is a method of plant
propagation using extremely small pieces
of plant tissue taken from a carefully
chosen and prepared mother plant, and
growing these under laboratory conditions
to produce new plants.

Micropropagation is the clonal propagation

of plants in closed vessels under aseptic
conditions. Inside the vessels, the plants are
grown on culture media that contain
nutrients and growth regulators, and are
described as in vitro, which means 'in glass'.
In contrast, soil-grown plants are described
as in vivo.
Calluses are unorganized cells in a plant, which grow as a
defense to wound or cutting in plants
An explant is a part of the plant
by which a whole plant can be
produced through plant tissue
culture technique.

Callus formation is induced from

plant tissue samples (explants)
after surface sterilization and
plating onto tissue culture
medium in vitro
Genetic engineering (also called
genetic modification) is a process
that uses laboratory-based
technologies to alter the DNA
makeup of an organism.

This may involve changing a single

base pair (A-T or C-G), deleting a
region of DNA or adding a new
segment of DNA.
• The biolistic procedure, also known as the “gene gun”, involves firing
small metal particles coated with the construct DNA into plant cells. The
metal particles, usually gold or tungsten, are accelerated to high speed
by the rapid release of high pressure helium in the gene gun into the
target cells.
1. How does tree breeding/engineering/tree
improvement contribute in climate change
mitigation and adaptation?
• https://www.slideshare.net/SiddharthPandey50/vegetative-
propagatio-and-its-role-in-forest-improvement-forestry-siddharth-
pandey