Computer graphics are visual

representations of data made on a

computer and is
displayed on a computer screen or
monitor.
Computer graphics are visual
representations of data made on a
computer and is
displayed on a computer screen or
monitor.
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Computer graphics

-are visual representations of data made on a computer and is displayed on a computer screen or
monitor.

Image

-A visual representation of person,thing and animal

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Layout
-is the arrangement of graphic elements on a page

Principles of Graphics and Layout

Balance – It describes the

placement of elements of equal
weight on the page.
The three types of balance are
symmetrical, asymmetrical, and
radial
Balance
– It describes the placement of elements of equal weight on the page.
- The three types of balance are
symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial

Movement – It describes the flow

of elements on the page. Visual
elements
guide the viewers’ eyes around the
page.
Movement
– It describes the flow of elements on the page.
Visual elements guide the viewers’ eyes around the page.
Unity
– the sense of oneness of the elements that creates balance and harmony

Repetition – It describes the

consistent and balanced repetition
of a design
or element.
Repetition
– It describes the consistent and balanced repetition of a design
or element.

Proximity – It describes the

organization and relationship of
the elements
included in the design.
Proximity
– It describes the organization and relationship of the elements
included in the design.

Contrast – it is the combination of

the opposing characteristics of an
element like color, size, thickness,
and among others. It allows
emphasis on
key elements.
Contrast
– it is the combination of the opposing characteristics of an
element like color, size, thickness, and among others. It allows emphasis on
key elements.
Emphasis
- An area in the design that catches viewer’s attention. The area
may appear different in size, color, texture or shape

Information graphics or
infographics are used to represent
information, statistical data, or
knowledge in a graphical
manner usually done in a
creative way to attract the
viewer’s attention.
Infographics
Information graphics or infographics are used to represent
information, statistical data, or knowledge in a graphical
manner usually done in a creative way to attract the
viewer’s attention.
Infographics characteristics

Thesis/Story. The subject and

the main idea of your
infographic must be
clear.
Thesis/Story. The subject and the main idea of your infographic must be
clear.
Data. Data must be well-organized and supports the main idea
Simplicity. (color, style, and illustrations). You must be able to create your
own palette; your style must be able to attract readers so as not to make your
infographic full of text. Do not use stock photos.
Sources. You must cite your sources so as to give credibility to your data
Branding/Shareability. Your infographic must be creative and innovative

Emphasis - An area in the design

that catches viewer’s attention.
The area
may appear different in size, color,
texture or shape
Image File Formats
JPEG
– Joint Photographic Experts Group. It is the most popular image format
used on the web. JPEG are very ‘lossy’ files where much of the information
about the image is lost from original state to keep the image file size small.
JPEG files are used mostly by photographers, artists, graphic designers,
medical imaging specialists, art historians, and other groups because image
quality and color fidelity is important in the field.
GIF
– Graphics Interchange Format. It is limited to the 8-bit palette with only
256 colors. GIF is best used for diagrams, cartoons, and logos which use few
colors and is the chosen format for animation effects.
PNG
– Portable Network Graphic. This file format is best with line art, text,
and logo. It is capable to display transparencies.
TIFF
– Tagged Image File Format. It is considered as a high-quality image
format, where all color and data information are stored. However, it produces
a very large file size and take huge disk consumption.

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IMAGE MANIPULATION TECHNIQUES
Cropping: Enhance focus and composition
Cropping is the easy way to completely transform a photo. It can remove
unwanted or distracting areas, improve the composition, or help emphasize a
focal point

Free Crop Tool

in PicsArt is a selection tool which works without any
restriction. Which basically allows you to brush over your image to make a
selection

Blurring: Enhance background images

If you want to highlight images as featured elements in your design but there
is a destructive background, you can apply some blurring to create a smooth,
uncluttered background.
Image Adjustments
Adjustments such as Brightness, Contrast, Hue, Saturation, etc. can be done
using the PicsArt Adjust Tool
(1) Brightness: The brightness is used to increase the light (brightness) of
the image.
(2.) Contrast: The contrast is used to differentiate the two colours to make
either more visible or distinguishable.
(3.) Clarity: The clarity is used to highlight the image by softening and
darkening certain areas of the image.
(4.) Saturation: The saturation is used to saturate or make the colours
stronger.
(5.) Hue: The hue is used to adjust the colour (hue) of the image.
(6.) Highlights: The highlight option is used to lighten up the lighter areas.
(7.) Shadows: The shadow option is used to increase or decrease the amount
of shadow in the image.
(8.) Temperature (Temp): The temp (temperature) option is used to adjust
the tone of the image.
Arrangement: Enhance your layout with grids
A clean and organized layout, as shown in the image below, is an asset to any
design project
Frames: Enhance image shape and style
Like actual picture frames, you hang on a wall, framing images in design is
traditionally used to draw attention to the image. Frames can be simple or
decorative, a single line or an illustrated design, colored or not, depending on the
style and mood of your projec
Text: Enhance images with typography on top
Images and text are two foundations of graphic design. Combine them, and
they’re a powerhouse of visual communication
Transform: The transform tool can be used to Rotate, Increase/Decrease the
size of the layer, as well as reposition the layer.
b. Copy: The copy option can be used to duplicate the current layer.
c. Merge: The merge option allows you to merge two layers to form one single
layer.
d. Clear: The clear option can be used to erase all the changes made to the layer
Layer
a. Normal: The original form of your image.
b. Multiply: The multiply mode blends two layers in a combined manner.
Generally throwing the foreground to the background and pulling up the
highlighted parts from the background to the foreground.
c. Lighten: The lighten mode will help you to lighten the layer and make it soft
so that the light may pass through.
d. Darken: Darken mode keeps the darker areas on the current layer and makes
the lighter areas transparent. Later, both are merged together (blended
together).
e. Screen: The screen option makes the layer transparent.
f. Xor: The xor mode erases the pixels on the bottom layer by the highlights
made on the top layer.
g. Add: The add option blends the two layers by brightening the lighter pixels.
h. Overlay: The overlay option maintains the highlights on both layers and
blends them altogether.
Opacity
Empty Layer: The empty layer option allows you to create a new blank layer.
b. Photo Layer: The photo layer option allows you to create a layer by importing
an image from your gallery.

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Basic Image Manipulation

Components of GIMP
It is a basic part of GIMP that contains the window that has tool box, work area
and layers window.